kimkat3571. Geiriadur Saesneg a Chymraeg (Gwenhwyseg). A Dictionary of English and Welsh (Gwentian dialect – the south-eastern dialect of Wales).

02-02-2021

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..	Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg Welsh - English (Gwentian dialect) Dictionary H

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(delwedd 5781f2)

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(delwedd 9338g)

http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_0934k.htm Y Wenhwyseg - y prif dudalen
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_2184c.htm El dialecte güentià del gal·lès - la pàgina prinicipal
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm Gwentian dialect of Welsh – the main page
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h [aɪʧ] (nf) aitch, name of the letter (= h [aɪʧ])
1 In the south-east of Wales the ‘h’ is usually absent. This characterisitic was carried over into the English of south-east Wales.

The existence of this trait in the Welsh of this region is probably the result of the influence of neighbouring English dialects where the ‘h’ was also absent. It is not a feature of other Welsh dialects.

2 In general, the existence of the ‘h’ is ‘remembered’, and it reappears in cases of emphasis in the colloquial register, or when a speaker uses a more formal register of Welsh (though for some speakers there is a tendency to hypercorrect, and place an ‘h’ where it is not required - a trait also of the English of some speakers in the south-east of Wales – producing phrases such as “an ’eavy piece of hiron”.

AS noted above, loss of ‘h’ is not usual in other varieties of Welsh. It is probably a feature of pronunciation copied from south-western English dialects.

In this dictionary, we include the “h” in Gwentian words in brackets.

NOTE: In the Forest of Dean, just over the Welsh border in England and contiguous with the Gwentian-speaking area of Wales, a commentator on the dialect of the forest has remarked: The letter 'H' be zeldom uzed in Vorest - 'cept wer it zhouldn't be. The letter 'H' can be added to a werd - zpecialy wen a 'ooman da wun a zound 'posh': Er 'ad a neck az ong az a hostrich. Garge's dahter uzed ta zing in the Hopera. (Keith Morgan / BBC Where I Live – Gloucestershire / http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/voices2005/glossary.shtml ) (= The letter H is seldom used in the Forest [of Dean] – except where it shouldn’t be. The letter H can be added to a word – especially when a woman wants to sound posh. She had a neck as long as a ‘hostrich’. George’s daughter used to sing in the ‘hopera’.)

In The Linguistic Atlas of England / Harold Orton, Stewart Sanderson, John Widdowson / 2013, it is stated that “the initial aspirate [is] typically lost in English regional speech... [it] is retained in three well-defined areas: the extreme North [of England], an area from East Anglia to north Sussex, and a smaller enclave in the South West.” That is, h-loss is a typical feature of English in England, apart from that part of the country bordering on Scotland, a zone in East Anglia, and one in Somerset.

Examples of ‘h’ restored erroneously:
ffor ddes i’r Mowntan Hash (...how I came to Mountain Ash). Y Darian. 1 Mehefin 1916.

haf (= summer) > ɛ̄f,
halier (= haulier, mineworker in charge of horses and drams) > aliar,
hanes (= story, history) > anas,
Hendref (= place name; winter farm) > Endra,
heol (= street) > ewl,
hiraeth (= longing) > irath
holo (make a hole) > olo,

Examples of hypercorrection with ‘h’:
heidïa (= eidïa – English: idea)
Mowntan Hash (= Mountain Ash)


(h)ala [ˡala, ˡhala] (v)
1/ spend (≡ standard Welsh gwario [ˡgwarjɔ]);
2/ send (≡ standard Welsh anfon [ˡanvɔn])

(h)ala arian to spend money
(h)ala amsar to spend time

Origin: hala is a southern variant of hela. Standard Welsh has hela [ˡhɛla] and hel [hɛl] (= to hunt; to collect). Generally hel [hɛl] in the north.
From Old Welsh HELGH- [hɛlx] (= hunting, chasing), cognate with Irish SEALG (obsolete; = hunting)

(h)alan [ˡa·lan, ˡha·lan] (nm) salt (= Standard Welsh halen [ˡha·lɛn])

(h)aliar [ˡaljar, ˡhaljar] (nm) haulier; mineworker in charge of mine carts (or mine tubs) and horses (= Standard Welsh halier [ˡhaljɛr])
(h)aliarz [ˡaljarz] (pl) hauliers (= Standard Welsh haliers [ˡhaljɛrs])

From English HALLIER
1/ Gallier or hallier: one who keeps teams for hire. Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839.

2/ (Worcestershire): Upton on Severn Words and Phrases. Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884. HĂLLIER, or ĂLLIER, n. One
who draws coal, timber, bricks, etc.


(delwedd B0440)
(Other spellings: halier, alier, haliar: English: hallier, allier, gallier)

(h)alibalŵ [alɪbaˡlu:, halɪbaˡlu:] (nf) hullabaloo (= Standard Welsh cynnwrf [ˡkənʊrv])
From English HULLABALOO

(h)alio [ˡaljɔ, ˡhaljɔ] (v) 1/ lead a horse in a coalmine 2/ haul, draw, pull (= Standard Welsh halio [ˡhaljɔ])
’alio glo haul coal
’alio dramz haul coal trams / coal carts / coal trucks / coal tubs

From English HALE (older pronunciation [ha:l], now [heɪl]) (v) 1/ force, compel, oblige (sb) to go (to a place); she was haled out of her cottage by the mob; he was haled before a judge; he was haled to prison, etc 2/ haul, pull (especially in nautical language). They haled the net full of fish onto the deck; to hale the ropes in a ship.

In English (HALEN) 1100+ < Middle French HALER < Germanic. Cf Dutch HALEN (= bring, fetch, get), German HOLEN (= fetch), Old English GEHOLIAN (= get, obtain).

Modern French HALER (v) (= tow (e.g. a canal boat with horses on a towpath); pull hard on a rope.

(h)am [am, ham] (nm) ham (= Standard Welsh ham [ham])
From English HAM (= cut of meat from a pig’s hindquarters) < HAM (= back part of the leg above the knee) < Old English HAMM (= bend of the knee, back of the knee) < a Germanic root meaning ‘bent, crooked. Cf Welsh CAM (= crooked).

(h)anas [ˡa·nas, ˡha·nas] (nf) story; history (= Standard Welsh hanes [ˡha·nɛs])
nm in North Wales and standard Welsh

(h)andlo [ˡandlɔ, ˡhandlɔ] (v) handle (= Standard Welsh trafod [ˡtra·vɔd])
From English HANDLE (HANDL) + (-O) > HANDLO (> Gwentian ’ANDLO)

(h)annar [ˡanar, ˡhanar] (nm) half (= Standard Welsh hanner [ˡhanɛr])
HANNER > HANNAR (in Gwentian final ‘e’ becomes ‘a’) > ANNAR (in Gwentian there is a loss of an initial ‘h’)

(h)arn [arn, harn] (nm) iron (= Standard Welsh haearn [ˡhəɪarn])
Y Bont ’Arn the iron bridge (= Standard Welsh Y Bont Haearn). This was a Merthyrtudful landmark It had been designed and built by the principal engineer of the Cyfarthfa Iron Works, Watkyn George. It was completed in the year 1800. It was demolished after 164 years of existence by the town council in 1964.
From a southern form haern. Cf the change aer > ar in
1/ Maerdy > Mardy (various places have this name),
2/ Llanilltud Faerdre > Llanilltud Fardra;
3/ Trahaearn / Trahaern > Trehaearn / Treháern > Trehárn > Treárn.


(h)arti [ˡartɪ, ˡhartɪ] (nm) hearty (= Standard Welsh calonnog [kaˡlɔnɔg])

#(h)eclan [ˡɛklan, hˡɛklan] (v) 1/ haggle (over a price) (haglan [ˡhaglan] North Wales; heglan [ˡhɛglan] South Wales;) 2/ wrangle, bargain (= dadlau [ˡdadlaɪ])

From English HAGGLE / HEGGLE.

(Joseph Wright, English Dialect Dictionary 1903: HEGGLE (Somerset), HEIGLE (West Somerset).

HEGGLE > (HEGL-) + -(AN verbal suffix) > HEGLAN > ??Gwentian ECLAN (this is the presumed Gwentian form – we have found no example as yet in dialect texts)

(h)eddi [ˡe:ðɪ, ˡhe:ðɪ] (adv) today (= heddiw [ˡhe:ðɪʊ])

(h)eipo / ipo [ˡhəɪpɔ, ˡi·pɔ] (adv) past (= heibio [ˡhəɪbjɔ]).

(h)elcyd [ˡɛlkɪd, ˡhɛlkɪd] (v) 1/ hunt (= hela [ˡhɛla]); 2/ gather, collect (= casglu [ˡkasglɪ])

(h)ên [e:n, he:n] (adj) old (= hen [he:n])

Cf. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialecl' Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

AWLD. — Awld is specially used as a term of familiarity, or even endearment. Thus a man would say of his wife, “My awld ’ooman ’ooll hev dinner jus' ready vor us.” [= My old woman will have dinner just ready for us]

(H)endraforgan [ɛndraˡvɔrgan, hɛndraˡvɔrgan]) (nf) place name (= Hendreforgan [hɛndrɛˡvɔrgan]) (“Endraforgan” in The Diary of William Herbert, 1886-87)

(h)eno [ˡe·nɔ, ˡhe·nɔ] (adv) tonight (= heno [ˡhe·nɔ])

(h)etfan [ˡɛtvan, ˡhɛtvan]) (v) fly (= hedfan [ˡhɛdvan])
etfan drw’r ywyr fly through the air

(h)ewl [ɛʊl, hɛʊl] (f) street (= heol [ˡhe·ɔl])
(h)ewlydd [ˡɛʊlɪð, ˡhɛʊlɪð] (pl) streets (= heolydd [heˡo·lɪð])

ar yr ’ewl in the street, on the street

Pen-rewl [pɛnˡrɛʊl] (place name) (= Pen-yr-heol [pɛn ər ˡhe·ɔl]) (= top end of the road”)
Tyn-rewl [tɪnˡrɛʊl] (place name) (cf 1891 Census: ‘Tyn Rhewl’ (Cilybebyll) (= Tyn-yr-heol [tɪn ər ˡhe·ɔl]) (= smallholding by the road”)

’ewl lɛs [ˡɛʊl ˡlɛ:s] green way, green lane = ?a track bounded by trees and bushes or hedgerows. (= heol las [ˡhe·ɔl ˡla:s]) (North Wales: ffordd las)

Yr Heol-las (which in Gwentian would be Yr ’Ewl-lɛs) Name of various places (e.g.

1] Llwynfedw / Birchgrove, Abertawe;

2] farm near in Llan-gan, Y Bont-faen / Cowbridge;

3] farm in Creunant).

Broadway in Y Rhath / Roath, Caer-dydd / Cardiff was formerly “Green Lane” which might be the Englishing of

a Welsh name Yr Heol Las / (Gwentian) Yr ’Ewl Lɛs)

Yr (H)ewl-ddu [ər ɛʊl ˡði:, ər hɛʊl ˡði:] (f) street (= Yr Heol-ddu [ər he·ɔl ˡ ði:])

1846 Voters’ Register: “Ewlddu”

(delwedd 5950)

(h)i [i:, ɪ / hi:, hɪ ] (pronoun) she (= hi [hi:, hɪ])

Also: ddi

Used in certain expressions with a verbnoun:

shapo-(h)i < ’i shapo-(h)i (“her shaping of-her”; shaping it) get going

’i gwêd-(h)i’n hallt digynyg am.... give a real roasting to, lay into someone for (“her saying of-her very saltily...”; saying it)

yn clocsan hi < yn ’i chlocsan-(h)i walking in his / her / their etc clogs (“her clogging of-her”; clogging it)

(h)int [ɪnt, hɪnt] (nf) hint (= awgrym [ˡaugrɪm], blaen gair [blaɪn ˡgaɪr])
(h)ints [ɪnts, hɪnts] (pl) hints (= awgrymiadau [augrəɪmˡja·daɪ])
From English HINT

(h)into [ˡɪntɔ, ˡhɪntɔ] (v) hint (= awgrymu [auˡgrəmɪ])
(HINT = hint, suggestion) + (-O verb suffix) > HINTO > ’INTO


(h)irath [ˡi·raθ, ˡhi·raθ] (nm) longing, nostlagia (= hiraeth [ˡhi·raɪθ])
cɛl pwl o ’irath feel a bout of nostalgia
HIRATH > ’IRATH


(h)ito [ˡi·tɔ, ˡhi·tɔ] (v) heed, worry (= hidio [ˡhɪdjɔ])
on’ p’itwch ’ito but don’t worry (= ond peidiwch â hidio)

(h)itshwr [ˡɪʧʊr, ˡhɪʧʊr] (nm) mineworker who couples or uncouples coal trams (= hitsiwr [ˡhɪʧʊr])
Dic yr ’Itshwr
(Adapted from Tarian y Gweithiwr. 2 Tachwedd 1905) Dic (= Dick, Richard) the Hitcher – name of a mineworker)
From English HITCHER, with Welsh agent suffix -WR replacing English agent suffix -ER; HITSHWR > ITSHWR, if not HITSH- (stem of the verb HITSHO) + (-WR agent suffix)

(h)ocan [ˡo·kan / ˡho·kan] (v) haggle over a price (= dadlau (ynghylch pris) [ˡdadlaɪ əˡŋhilx ˡpri:s])
English HAWK (= to peddle) > (HOC-) + (-AN verbal suffix) > HOCAN > (loss of initial H) OCAN


(h)oi [ɔɪ, hɔɪ] (interjection) Oy! Hey! = call to attract attention (= hoi [hɔɪ])



(delwedd 5774)

Y diweddar Dr. Rees, ABERTAWE.

Siop y Seren, 4, Heol Fawr, Abertawe.

Hoi! Hoi! Hoi! Stoped pawb i ddarllen hwn!

DYMA'R Siop am fargen na welodd y byd erioed o'r blaen y fath beth o ddyddiau Adda Jones hyd ddyddiau Jumbo fawr ac Alice! Y mae Mr. P. Giles, o'r siop uchod, wedi trefnu i roddi cyfle i bawb o bobl y byd i gael darlun ardderchog o'r diweddar anfarwol Dr. Rees, Abertawe, cadeirydd Undeb Cynulleidfaol Cymru a Lloegr, trwy brynu

Un Pwys (1lb. only) o De 2s, 6c. YN Y SIOP UCHOD.

The late Dr. Rees, SWANSEA. The Star Shop, 4, High Street, Swansea. Hey! Hey! Hey! Everyone stop to read this! This is the Shop for a bargain that the world has never seen before from the days of Adda Jones to the days of big Jumbo and Alice! Mr. P. Giles, of the above shop, has arranged to give all the people of the world the opportunity to get an excellent picture of the late immortal Dr. Rees, Swansea, chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, by purchasing One Weight (1lb. Only) from South 2s, 6p. IN THE ABOVE SHOP.

See also Shoni-(h)oi (qv) contemptuous term for a collier


(h)ôl [o:l, ho:l] (nf) hall (= neuadd [ˡnəɪað])
English HALL > Welsh HÔL > (loss of initial H) > Gwentian ’ÔL.

(h)oli [o·lɪ, ho·lɪ] (v) question, interrogate, ask (= holi [ˡho·lɪ])
’oli a ’ela (rwun) interrogate (= holi a hela (rhywun)) (“ask and hunt”)

(h)ongan [ˡɔŋan, ˡhɔŋan] < (v) hang (= hongian [ˡhɔŋjan])
Also ongad [ˡɔŋad]
yn y gwely yn ’ongan rint byw a marw in bed hovering between life and death

(h)onna [ˡɔna, ˡhɔna] (pronoun f.) that there, that thing there, that person there (= honna [ˡhɔna])

(h)onno [ˡɔnɔ, ˡhɔnɔ] (pronoun f.) the female or the object of feminine gender mentioned but not present (= honno [ˡhɔnɔ])

(h)ôp [o:p, ˡho:p] ( (nm) hope (= gobaith [ˡgo·baɪθ])
(h)ôps [o:ps, ˡho:ps] (pl) (= gobeithion [ˡgɔbəɪθjɔn])
Englishism; HOPE > Welsh HÔP (> Gwentian ’ÔP)

Horab / ’Orab [o·rab, ho·rab] (nm) chapel name (= Horeb [ˡho·rɛb])
(presumed pronunciation; no examples to hand as yet)

(h)oul [ɔɪl, hɔɪl] (nm) sun (= haul [haɪl])
’wilia am bopath dan ’oul talk about everything under the sun
sɛth yr ’oul saeth yr haul (Sunbeams, also reflection from a bright surface. Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October 1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.)

(h)owld on [ould ˡɔn, hould ˡɔn] (phrase) (Englishism) hold on = wait (= aros funud [ˡa·rɔs ˡvi·nɪd] = wait a moment)
From English HOLD ON

(H)uwco [ˡiukɔ, ˡhiukɔ] (nm) Hugh. (= Huwco [ˡhiukɔ])
(HUW = Hugh) + (-CO diminutive suffix) > HUWCO (Gwentian ’UWCO (loss of initial H).

Possibly in imitation of SHANCO, diminutive form of SHENCYN. SHANC- (taken as being the root form, as an “E” is usually the result of vowel affection cause by the following “Y”: TRAMP, TREMPYN, etc + -O, diminutive suffix.

(h)urto [ˡɪrtɔ] (v) confuse (= drysu [ˡ drəsɪ], hurtio [ˡhirtjɔ])
(HURT = confused) + (verbal suffix -IO) > HURTIO > Gwentian HURTO > ’URTO

(h)wara [ˡwa·ra] (v) play; (nm) playing, play (= chwarae [ˡxwa·raɪ])
’wara teg [ˡwa·ra ˡte:g] (phrase) fair play (= chwarae teg [ˡxwa·raɪ ˡte:g])
’wara teg, achan! (= chwarae teg, fachgen) fair play, my friend! 
’wara teg i ti fair play to you (= I have to grant that what you did or said was right)

(1) In the south, chw is reduced to hw, and in the south-east, the ‘h’ disappears CHW > HW > W
(2) A final ae [ai] is colloquially e. Along a broad south-west to north-east axis, it remains as e, but in the south-east, a final e > a. 

cɛl ’wara teg i get to do something (according to one’s wishes)
The English idiom is seen in John Gill - Perfections of God, a Standing rule to Try all Doctrines and Experience – 1770.


(delwedd 5921)

Rowch ’wara teg iddyn-nw be fair to them, treat them fairly (‘give fair play to them’)


(h)wch [u:x, hu:x] (nf) sow (= hwch [hu:x])


(delwedd 5632)

Y Darian. 20 Ebrill 1916. “Cefn Onn”. ...yn gwybod dim am danynt. Mae Cwm yr Aber yn gyfoethog mewn hen enwau swynol y dylid gwneud pob ymdrech i'w cadw mewn cof. Ceir yma y “Gwlaw-nant," “Beidy'r Wch," “Garth," "Craig yr Hufen”, etc. Clywais...

(h)wech [we:x, hwe:x] (num) six (= chwech [xwe:x])
’wech ffenast six windows

(h)wɛr [wɛ:r, hwɛ:r] (nf) sister (= chwaer [xwaɪr])
(h)wiorydd [wɪˡo·rɪð] (pl) (= chwiorydd [xwɪˡo·rɪð])
ma nẁ’n ddwy ’wɛr they’re sisters (‘they are two sisters’)

(h)werthin [ˡwɛrθɪn, ˡhwɛrθɪn] (v) laugh (= chwerthin [ˡxwɛrθɪn])
Also ’wyrthin [ˡwərθɪn]
’werthin fel ffwl laugh uncontrollably (‘laugh like a fool’)
’wyrthin fel sà collad arno laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)

(h)werw [ˡwe·rʊ, ˡhwe·rʊ] (nf) bitter (= chwerw [ˡxwe·rʊ])

(h)wilia [ˡwɪlja] (v) talk (= siarad [ˡʃa·rad])

Beth ti’n ’wilia? What are you talking about? (i.e. what nonsense are you telling me?)

From CHWEDLEUA (= CHWEDLAU stories) + (the verbal suffix -A).

CHWEDLAU is the plural of CHWEDL (= story, news). Other forms from this are LOUA (Ceredigion) and GWLEUA (Caerfyrddin)

(h)wilo [ˡwi·lɔ, ˡhwi·lɔ] (v) look for, seek. See (= chwilio [ˡxwɪljɔ])
’wilo am i grys to look for his shirt

(h)wimlid [ˡwɪmlɪd, ˡhwɪmlɪd] (v) move (= symud [ˡsəmɪd])
In the North the equivalent verb is “chwimiad”. In the South the basic form is “chwimlo”, with an intrusive “l”. Colloquially it is ‘hwimled’ in the South-west.

(h)wiorydd [wɪˡo·rɪð, hwɪˡo·rɪð] (pl) sisters. See (H)WƐR [wɛ:r, hwɛ:r]

(h)with [wi:θ, hwi:θ] (nm, adj) left. (= chwith [xwi:θ])
ar yr ochor ’with on the left, on the left-hand side

(h)wnna [ˡʊna, ˡhʊna] that there, that thing there, that person there. (= hwnna [ˡhʊna])
ORIGIN: hwn yna (this + there)

(h)wnnw [ˡʊnʊ, ˡhʊnʊ] (he - the male or the object of masculine gender mentioned but not present). (= hwnnw [ˡhʊnʊ]

(h)wntw [ˡʊntʊ, ˡhʊntʊ] (nm) southerner (= person from South Wales). (= deheuwr [dɛˡhəɪʊr], hwntw [ˡhʊntʊ])
(h)wntws [ˡʊntʊs, ˡhʊntʊs] (pl) southerners (= deheuwyr [dɛˡhəɪwɪr], hwntws [ˡhʊntʊs])

(h)wrnu [ˡʊrnɪ, ˡhʊrnɪ] (v) snore. (= chwyrnu [ˡxwərnɪ]

(h)ŵtar [ˡu·tar, ˡhu·tar] (nm) hooter. (= hwter [ˡhu·tɛr])
#(h)wteri [ʊˡte·rɪ] (pl) (= hwteri [hʊˡte·rɪ])

(h)ŵyl [uɪl, huɪl] (nf) fun. (= hwyl [huɪl])
cɛl ’ŵyl ddisprad have great fun

(h)yfryd [ˡəvrɪd / ˡhəvrɪd] (adj) pleasant (= hyfryd [ˡhəvrɪd])

(h)yfrytwch [əˡvrətʊx, həˡvrətʊx] (nm) pleasure (= hyfrydwch [əˡvrətʊx])

(h)ynotrwdd [əˡnɔtrʊð, həˡnɔtrʊð] (nm) 1/ unique quality; 2/ strangeness, eccentricity (= hynodrwydd [həˡnɔdrʊið])


xxxxx
Geiriadur Geiriau Cymraeg Camsillafedig (Sillafiadau Tafodieithol, Hynafol, Anarferol, Anghywir a Seisnegedig).
Geiriau Cymraeg nad yw yn y geiriaduron safonol - gellir gweld llawer ohonynt, ynglŷn â’u sillafiad safonol, yn y ddolen-gyswllt isod:

Dictionary of Misspelt Welsh Words (Dialectal, Archaic, Unusual, Incorrect and Anglicised Spellings).
Welsh words not listed in standard Welsh dictionaries - many might be found, along with their standard spelling, via the link below:

www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur-camsillafiadau_MORFIL_3525e.htm


(delwedd G4002b)

Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRONː ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / t Ē / ɛ̄ Ɛ̄ / ī Ī / ō Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIGː Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIGː Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISODː A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREFː ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236ː B5237ː
BREF GWRTHDRO ISODː i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAUː ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
A’I PHEN I LAWRː ∀, ә, ɐ (u+0250) httpsː //text-symbols.com/upside-down/
Y WENHWYSWEG: ɛ ɛ̄ ǣ æ

ˈ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ aː / æ æː / e eˑeː / ɛ ɛː / ɪ iˑ iː ɪ / ɔ oˑ oː / ʊ uˑ uː ʊ / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˈ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ ɔʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ Hungarumlautː A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
gyn aith δ δ £ gyn aith δ δ £ U+2020 †
« »

DAGGER
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
httpsː []//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

Hwngarwmlawtː A̋ a̋
gyn aith δ δ
…..
…..
ʌ ag acen ddyrchafedig / ʌ with acute accentː ʌ́

Ə́ ə́

Shwa ag acen ddyrchafedig / Schwa with acute

…..
…..
wikipedia,
scriptsource.[]org
httpsː//[ ]en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

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www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-saesneg_BATHOR_h_3571.htm

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