kimkat3566. Geiriadur Saesneg a Chymraeg (Gwenhwyseg). A Dictionary of English and Welsh (Gwentian dialect – the south-eastern dialect of Wales).

02-02-2021

● kimkat0001 Yr Hafan / Home Page www.kimkat.org
● ● kimkat1864e Y Fynedfa Saesneg / Gateway to this Website in English www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwefan/gwefan_arweinlen_2003e.htm
● ● ● kimkat2045k Tafodieithoedd Cymru / Welsh dialects www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_cymraeg/cymraeg_tafodieitheg_gymraeg_mynegai_1385e.htm
● ● ● ● kimkat0934k Y Wenhwyseg / Gwentian www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm
● ● ● ● ● kimkat0278e Prif dudalen y geiriadur Gwenhwyseg-Saesneg / Main Page for the Gwentian-English Dictionary www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-saesneg_BATHOR_01_0193e.htm
● ● ● ● ● ● kimkat3566 y tudalen hwn / this page

..	Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Catalunya i Gal·les Geiriadur Cymraeg (Gwenhwyseg) - Saesneg Welsh - English (Gwentian dialect) Dictionary C

.....

…..

(delwedd 5781f)

(delwedd J6256b)

http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_0934k.htm Y Wenhwyseg - y prif dudalen
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_2184c.htm El dialecte güentià del gal·lès - la pàgina prinicipal
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_1004e.htm Gwentian dialect of Welsh – the main page

NOTE: # preceding a word = presumed word

ca’ [ka:]. See cɛ [kæ:]

cacamwci [kakaˡmʊkɪ] (nm) burdock (Arctium Lappa) (= cyngaf mawr [ˡkəŋgav ˡmaur])
glynu wth (rwpath) fel / ishta topyn cacamwci
(Adapted from ‘Gobeithio y glŷn yr enw wrthynt fel topyn cacamwci’ Y Darian 25 Rhagfyr 1919)

(delwedd 5669)

cɛ [kæ:] < ca [ka:] (nm) field (= cae [kaɪ)]
c’ua [ˡki·a] (pl) fields (= caeau [ˡkəɪaɪ])
Pen-cɛ [pɛnˡkæ:] older name for Glynebwy / Ebbw Vale (pen y cae = (place at) (the) end (of) the field))

cɛl [kæ:l] < ca’l [ka:l] (v) get (= cael [kaɪl])
cɛl annwd catch a cold, get a cold

cɛn [kæ:n] < cân [ka:n] (nf) song (= cân [ka:n])
can’uon [kaˡni·ɔn] (= caneuon [kaˡnəɪɔn])
Other spellings and forms: canuon, canion

cɛs [kæ:s] < cas [ka:s] (adj) nasty, bad (= cas [ka:s])

cɛs [kæ:s] < cas [ka:s] (nm) case (= achos [ˡa·xɔs])
mwn llawar cɛs in many cases

cɛs [kæ:s] < cas [ka:s] (v) he / she / it got (= cafodd [ˡka·vɔð])

cɛth [kæ:θ] < cath [ka:θ] (nf) cat (= cath [ka:θ])
catha [ˡka·θa] (pl) cats (= cathod [ˡka·θɔd])
fel cɛth Jenni Shâms a’i phawan ym mopath ond yr un sydd ’isha iddo fod be interfering in everything and not attending to one’s own business

(adapted from Y Darian 28 Chwefror 1889)

ca’l [ka:l]. See cɛl [kæ:l] (= get)

calch [kalx] (nm) lime, chalk (= calch [kalx])
Also: cialch [kjalx]

otyn galch lime-kiln

càlon [ˡkalɔn] (nf) heart (= calon [ˡkalɔn])
y^ chi'n gweud càlon y gwir you’re quite right (‘you’re saying the heart of the truth’)
gob’itho o gàlon fod-a... I really hope that he.. (‘hope + from + heart’)

NOTE: à in the spelling because the vowel is short; before ‘l’ we might expect a half-long vowel, but historically the ‘l’ was a geminate, though there is no special letter in Welsh to show this (Catalan has l·l, for example))

cam [kam] (nm) an injustice, a wong (= cam [kam])
cɛl cam (gan) be wronged by, be done an injustice (by) (‘get injustice with’) (= cael cam gan [kaɪl ˡkam gan])

camenwi [kamˡɛnwɪ] (v) misname, wrongly name (= camenwi [kamˡɛnwɪ])
Camenwir Cwm Du -

Cwm gwyn yw’n cwm ni

(Rhyme from Llanfihangel Cwm Du, Brycheiniog / Breconshire.)

= Cwm Du (black valley) is wrongly named / our valley is a white valley (i.e. paradisaical) (“du” suggests sad; gloomy; evil, wicked)

(delwedd J4962)

camol [ˡkamɔl] (v) praise (= canmol [ˡkanmɔl])
CANMOL > CAMMOL > CAMOL

campus [ˡkampɪs] (adj) excellent (= campus [ˡkampɪs])

“Campus!” mynta-fa “Excellent!” he said

camsynad [kamˡsənad] (v) be mistaken, make a mistake (= camsynied [kamˡsənjɛd]
NOTES: (1) typical of the south is the loss of the consonantal i at the beginning of a final syllable 
(2) In the south-east, a final e > a.
òs nɛg w-i’n camsynad ( = os nad wyf yn camsynied) if I’m not mistaken


can [kan] (nm) flour (= blawd [blaud])

NOTES: Can is the southern word for flour, standard blawd. It is connected with the adjective cannaid (= white, gleaming white). By Merthyrtudful there is a stream name Cannaid, and a village Abercannaid. 

The Latin word ‘candidus’ is related to the Welsh word; it appears in English derivatives as ‘candid’ (= frank), ‘candidate’ (in Latin, candidatus = someone dressed in a white gown). 

Blawd (= flour) is related to blodeuyn / blodyn (= flower), just as in English “flour” and “flower” are in fact one and the same word, albeit with different spellings. 

In Catalan, ‘the best part of the flour, top-quality flour’ is la flor de la farina, and in French fleur de farine, which probably explains how of blawd- (= flower) in Welsh and flower in English developed this new meaning: flower > the best part of the powder of milled grain > the powder of milled grain in general. 

In the south-west of Wales fflŵr is used - from the Middle English pronunciation of ‘flour’ [flu:r]

cân [ka:n] (western and northern Gwentian): see cɛn [kæ:n] (= song)

canddo [ˡkanðɔ] (nm) fox (= llwynog [ˡɬuɪnɔg]; cadno [ˡkadnɔ])
cenddi [ˡkɛnðɪ] (pl) foxes (= llwynogod [ɬuɪˡnɔgɔd]; cadnöid [kadˡno·ɪd])

Metathesis of the southern form cadno > canddo
Also cynddo [ˡkənðɔ]

In New Inn, Pont-y-pŵl there is a wood called Coed y Canddo (‘(the) wood (of) the fox’)
(or, locally, it would be Co’d y Canddo / Co’d Canddo).

In Blaenafon there is Twyn Carn Canddo (= twyn carn y canddo) (‘the) hill (of) “Carn y Canddo”, i.e (the) cairn (of) the fox’, fox-cairn).
The ‘intermediate definite article’ is often lost in place names.

can’ [kan] (numeral, nm) hundred < cant [kant] hundred
Used before a consonant. Sometimes as a quasi-prefix.
canpunt one hundred pounds

cant [kant] (numeral, nm) hundred (= cant [kant])
cannodd [ˡkanɔð] (pl) hundreds (= cannoedd [ˡkanɔið])
deg y cant ten per cent

capal [ˡkapal] (nm) pl. capeli [kaˡpe·lɪ] chapel (= capel, capeli [ˡkapɛl, kaˡpe·lɪ])

carc [kark] (nm) care, caution (= gofal [ˡgo·val])
NOTE: From an English word CARC (= care), from Norman, from Latin CARCÂRE < CARRICÂRE (= load, take charge of)

Cardi [ˡkardɪ] (nf) 1/ somebody from Ceredigion / Cardiganshire; 2/ (in Rhondda, etc) somebody from rural west Wales (= Cardi [ˡkardɪ])
Cardiz [ˡkardɪz] (pl) (= Cardis [ˡkardɪs])

(delwedd G3822)

carej [ˡkarɛʤ] (nf) carriage (= cerbyd [ˡkɛrbɪd])
cárejiz [ˡkarɛʤɪz] (pl) (= cerbydau [kɛrˡbədaɪ])
From English CARREDGE (= carriage – (1) act of carrying; (2) a vehicle) < French


(delwedd B0415)


(delwedd B0418)

Carffili [karˡfi·lɪ] (nf) name of a town, spelt as Caerphilly in English (= Caerffili [kaɪrˡfi·lɪ])
Also: Cyrffili [kərˡfi·lɪ]

carn [karn] (nf) 1/ cairn 2/ great quantity of, loads of (= carn [karn])
carna [ˡkarna] (pl) (= carnau [ˡkarnai])
carn o ddynon a great many people

carrag [ˡkarag] (nf) stone (= carreg [ˡkarɛg])
cerrig (pl) [ˡkɛrɪg] stones (= cerrig [ˡkɛrɪg])

cas [ka:s] > cɛs [kæ:s] (= nasty, bad)

cas [ka:s] > cɛs [kæ:s] (= he / she / it got)

casag [ˡkasag] (nf) mare (= caseg [ˡkasɛg])
cesyg (pl) [ˡkɛsɪg] mares (= cesyg [ˡkɛsɪg])

castall [ˡkastaɬ] (nf) castle (= castell [ˡkastɛɬ])
castella (pl) [kaˡstɛɬa] castles (= cestyll [ˡkɛstɪɬ])
Castall-nedd [ˡkastaɬ ˡne:ð] the town of Neath (“(the) castle (of) (the lordship of) Neath”) - The Norman demesne lordship of Neath was carved out of the Welsh commote of Afan (= Castell-nedd [ˡkastɛɬ ˡne:ð]

Latin CASTELLUM > Brythonic > Welsh CASTELL (> Gwentian Welsh CASTALL)

catar [ˡka·tar] (nf) chair (= cadair [ˡka·daɪr])
cadeira / cad’ira (pl) [kaˡdəɪra, kaˡdi·ra] chairs (= cadeiriau [kaˡdəɪrjaɪ])

catarn [ˡka·tarn] (adj) strong (= cadarn [ˡka·darn])

cath [ka:θ] > cɛth [kæ:θ] (= cat)

catw [ˡka·tʊ] (v) keep (= cadw [ˡka·dʊ])
catw’ch gair keep your word, do what you have promised to do


cefan [ˡke·van] (nm) back (= cefen [ˡke·vɛn])
cefna (pl) [ˡkɛvna] backs (= cefnau [ˡkɛvnaɪ])
Also cefna > cenfa (metathesis [vn] > [nv])

Y Cefan [ə ˡke·van] (nm) short form for place names with ‘cefan’ as the first element (= Y Cefn [ə ˡke·vɛn])
1/ Cefncoedycymer

ar y Cefan in Cefncoedycymer (Y Goleuad 16-01-1901)

2/ Cefncribwr (Gwentian: Cefancripwr [ˡke·van ˡkri·pʊr])

Y Cefan-coch [ə ˡke·van ˡko:x] (nm) place name in Mynyddislwyn (the red back / ridge) (= Y Cefn-coch [ə ˡke·vɛn ˡko:x])

(delwedd 5954)


Cefancripwr [ˡke·van ˡkri·pʊr] (nm) village name; this former mining village is about a mile in length along the top of a ridge (= Cefncribwr [ˡke·vɛn ˡkri·bʊr])
ma-fa’n byw ar Gefancripwr he lives in Cefncribwr (Tarian y Gweithiwr 10 Medi 1896: byw ar Gefan Cripwr)
Y Cefan short name for the village

The name as it stands today suggests that the underlying form is 'cefn y cribwr' i.e. '(the) hill (of) the woolcomber'.

In place names the 'linking definite article' (y) is often dropped, hence 'cefn cribwr'.

However, earlier forms have 'cribor' (1) which suggests that the second element is some derivative form of 'crib', meaning 'ridge'.

A popular interpretation of the name in the past was that it was 'Cefn Cribwr' '(the) ridge (of) Cribwr', Cribwr being the name of a giant. (2)

In the nineteenth-century the name was misspelt with a double 'b' in English (Cefn Cribbwr), as a single 'b' to English-speakers suggests that the first syllable should be pronounced as the English word 'cry'.

The correct Welsh spelling for the ridge itself is Cefn Cribwr, and for the village Cefncribwr. This is a useful spelling convention that has evolved in modern Welsh and was set out in
“Rhestr o Enwau Lleoedd: Gazetteer of Welsh Place-names” Elwyn Davies  (Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1967).... (3)

The Gwentian name (i.e. the name in south-eastern Welsh, or the regional variety of Welsh spoken in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire) was Cefan Cripwr [ke·van kri·pur]

ceffyl [ˡke·fɪl] (nm) horse (= ceffyl [ˡke·fɪl])
ceffyla [kɛˡfəla] (pl) horses (= ceffylau [kɛˡfəlaɪ])
Also: cyffyla [kəˡfəla]

cefnocath [kɛvˡno·kaθ] (nf) support, backing (= cefnogaeth [kɛvˈno·gaɪθ, kɛvˈno·gɛθ]

ceibir [ˡkəɪbɪr] (v) roof beam (= ceibr [ˡkəɪbɪr])
#ceibra [ˡkəɪbra] (pl) (= ceibrau [ˡkəɪbraɪ])
The word is seen in the village name Penrwceibir (= Pen-rhiw’r-ceibr / Pen-rhiw-ceibr)


ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ, ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also c’isho [ˡki·ʃɔ]

cemist [ˡkɛmɪst] (nm) chemist (= fferyllydd [fɛˡrəɬɪð], cemist [ˡkɛmɪst])
cemists [ˡkɛmɪsts] (pl) chemists (= fferyllwyr [fɛˡrəɬwɪr], cemist [kɛˡmɪstjaɪd])

cen- [kɛn] (-) a reduction of cefn (= back, hill) as a first element in certain in place names. See Cen-don.
(cen- is also the first - but unrelated - element in cefnder = cousin. See cendar.)

cendar [ˡkɛndar] (nm) (male) cousin (= cefnder [ˡkɛvndɛr])
CEFNDER > (loss of [v]) > CENDER (> Gwentian CENDAR)

Cendon [ˡkɛndɔn] (nm) place name (= Cefndon [ˡkɛvndɔn])
(CEFN = ridge) + soft mutation + (TON = greensward, grassland) ‘ridge greensward, greensward on a ridge’

(delwedd 5951)

cera [ˡke·ra] (v) go (second person singular imperative) (= cer [kɛr])
cera draw i’r shop go down to the shop, go up to the shop, go out to the shop

cèrad [ˡkɛrad] (v) walk (= cerdded [ˡkɛrðɛd])
NOTE: The basic southern spoken form of cerdded is cèred (loss of dd) and this is the usual form in south-west Wales. In the south east, final e > a, hence cèred > cèrad

cetyn [ˡkɛtɪn] (nm) 1/ fragment 2/ short while (= tipyn [ˡtɪpɪn])

o getyn o ffordd not by a long chalk

nìd felny ma nw’n gneud o getyn o ffordd

ÿs cetyn 1/ a while ago; 2/ for a while

(CAT = fragment) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > *CATYN > CETYN (vowel affection A > E)

ceuad [ˡkəɪad] (v) to close, to shut (= cau [kaɪ])
Also c’uad [ˡki·ad]

chà [xa] (v) bring (= dewch â [deux ˡa:])
DEWCH Â > DEWCHA > (loss of the first pretonic syllable in a phrase e.g. DEWCHA’R BARA... = CHÀ’R BARA)
Noted by T. Arwyn Watkins, The Accent in Cwm Tawe Welsh

’chytig [ˡxətɪg] (nm) a little bit; very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])
‘chytig iawn o’dd ar y cei very few people were on the quay
YCHYDIG > Gwentian YCHYTIG > (loss of pre-tonic syllable) CHYTIG

ceisho [ˡkəɪʃɔ] (v) try (= ceisio [ˡkəɪʃɔ, ˡkəɪsjɔ])
Also c’isho [ˡki·ʃɔ]

ci [ki:] (nm) dog (= ci [ki:])
cŵn [ku:n] (= cŵn [ku:n])

ci sodlo (“dog (of) following hard on the heels”) underling

“Ci Sodlo - An underling. “Mae e'n folon bod yn gi sodlo i bawb." (He is willing to be un underling to everybody). Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.”

cilo [ˡki·lɔ] (v) retreat (= cilio [ˡkɪljɔ])
Ma’r glaw weti cilo the rain’s moved off

c’isho [ˡki·ʃɔ]. See ceisho

citsho [ˡkɪʧɔ] (v) get hold of (= cydio [ˡkədjɔ])
i gitshas-i yn y ffon I got hold of the stick

ciwaid [ˡki·waɪd] (nf) rabble, mob, scum, lowlifes (= ciwed [ˡki·wɛd])
Welsh < British < Latin CĪVITĀS (= citizenship; citizenry, community; Celtic tribe or subkingdom under Roman rule in Gaul and Britain)

ciwt [kiut] (adj) cunning (= cyfrwys [ˡkəvruɪs])
ma gwy^r y cwils mor giwt â’r gaffars bob tamad (11-06-1899 Tarian y Gweithiwr) The lawyers are every bit as cunning as the employers
English CUTE < ACUTE

cladd [kla:ð]. See clɛdd [klæ:ð]

claddu [ˡkla·ðɪ] (v) bury (= claddu [ˡkla·ðɪ])

clap [klap] (nm) gossip, tittle-tatlte (= straeon [ˡstrəɪɔn], clecs [klɛks])
’en glap dwl stupid gossip

clapo [ˡklapɔ] (v) clap, applaud (= curo dwylo [ˡki·rɔ ˡduilɔ])
clapo mawr great applause
From English CLAP (CLAP) + (-IO verbal suffix) > CLAPIO > CLAPO

clarc [klark] (nm) clerk (= clerc [klɛrk])
From English CLERK [klark]. Standard Welsh retains an earlier English prounciation [klɛrk]), before the change in Middle English <er> to <ar>

clàs [klas] (nm) 1/ class = lesson 2/ class = group of people (= dosbarth [ˡdɔsbarθ])

(Original spelling retained) Wath fe all y beirdds shiffto heb docins yn well na dim un class arall, wath ma nhw yn byw y rhan fwya o'u hamsar yn myd yr ysbrydoedd, lle nag yw bara chaws ddim yn y ffashwn, a ma nhw yn gallu byw yn hen, hen, ar scili Ceridwen; (Tarian y Gweithiwr. 27 Gorffennaf 1899)

Because the poets can get by / can manage without money better than any other class [of people], because they live most of their time in the world of spirits, where bread and cheese is not in fashion, and they can live to be very old (to be old, old) on Ceridwen’s skilly (= bread and water)

From English CLASS

clasgu [ˡklasgɪ] (v) collect (= casglu [ˡkasglɪ])
Metathesised form of CLASGU.
See kimkat0926e Nodweddion y Wenhwyseg / Features of Gwentian.

clatshan [ˡklaʧan] (nf) 1/ blow (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd]) 2/ attractive female, stunner (= merch aruthrol o hardd [ˡmɛrx aˡrɪθrɔl o: ˡharð])
clatshiz [klaʧɪz] (pl) (= ergydion [ɛrgədˡjɔn])

From English dialect CLATCH = a slap. Cf A Scots Dialect Dictionary, Comprising The Words In Use From The Latter Part Of The Seventeenth Century To The Present Day. Alexander Warrack, M.A. 1911. Clatch...a slap with the palm of the hand; the noise of the collision of soft bodies or of a heavy fall.

clawd [klaud] (adj) poor (= tlawd [tlaud])
Clawd a balch a byw mwn gopath = poor and pround and living in hope
(an answer to the question Shẁd i chi? = How are you?)

Cf 1/ the village nickname for Pons-an-woedh (Ponsanooth) in Cornwall: “Poor and Proud.”
2/ Said also to refer formerly to the inhabitants of County Laois in Ireland - “the poor and pround”.
3/ Also said of the village of Harborne in Staffordshire: “Hungry Harborne, poor and proud.”

clean breast [kli:n ˡbrɛst] (-) (Englishism)
neud clean breast o make a clean breast of (= confess everything you are guilty of)

clec [klɛk] (nf)

1/ sharp sound, a cracking noise, a snapping noise (= clec [klɛk]);

2/ tittle-tattle, gossip, tales, chat (= gwag-siarad [gwa:g ˡʃa·rad])

3/ gossipmonger, gossip (= person engaging in gossip) (= clapgi [ˡklapgɪ] (nm), clapgast /clapiast [ˡklapgast, ˡklapjast] (nf)); and many synonyms of this meaning “a gossip”.

clecs [klɛks] (pl) tales (= straeon [ˡstrəɪɔn])
pen y glec [pɛn ə ˡglɛk]) "top (of) the chat" – a place (bridge, street corner, etc) where people come together to chat after work or after a chapel service (Source: GPC)
cario clecs tell tales (‘carry gossip’)

From English CLACK (= a sharp sound; chatter). (Southern English “a” probably heard as being an “e”).

NOTES: The West Somerset Word-Book; A Glossary Of Dialectal And Archaic Words And Phrases Used In The West Of Somerset And East Devon / Frederick Thomas Elworthy / 1886. “Clack = Chatter. [Oa·l dhee tlaa·k, wút] Stop thy chatter, wilt!”
(= Hold thy clack, wilt [thou]!)


(delwedd 5771)

CLACK. — A woman who is always chattering. A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

clecian [ˡklɛkjan] (v) gossip (= clepian [ˡklɛpjan])

clɛdd [klæ:ð] < cladd [kla:ð] (nm) hole in the ground, pit, trench: interment, burial; potato clamp (= cladd [kla:ð])
dan glɛdd (adv) buried
clɛdd pytatws potato clamp

See also angladd (= burial, funeral).

Cf a similar concept in English. BURY. n. A storage of roots covered with earth. Pronounced as berry. (Worcestershire): in “Upton on Severn Words and Phrases.” Robert Lawson. English Dialect Society. 1884.

clefyd [ˡkle·vɪd] (nm) illness, sickness (= clefyd [ˡkle·vɪd])
clefyta [klɛˡvəta] (pl) (= clefydau [klɛˡvədaɪ])

clepar [ˡkle·par] (nm) talk, gossip (= mân-siarad [ˡma:n ˡʃa·rad], clebr [ˡkle·bɛr])
pwnc clepar a talking point, a subject of discussion

rẁ glepar di-ben-draw constant gossip (‘some interminable gossip’)

From English GLEBBER (> Welsh CLEBER (> Gwentian CLĒPAR)).

The word occurs in modern Lowlandic or Scots. A Dictionary of the Scottish Language. John Jamieson. 1846. To glabber, glebber. To speak indistinctly 2 To chatter, to talk idly. Roxb[urghshire], Dumfr[iesshire].

Initial English G > Welsh C occurs in other loanwords – e.g.

1/ “cwter” (street gutter), though ‘gwter’ also occurs;

2/ in North-west Wales, in some districts Gwilym (= William) might become “Cwilym”.

cloc [klɔk] (nm) clock (= clec [klɔk])

Cloc Tredecar the Tredegar clock

Also: Cloc Mawr Tredecar the Tredegar clock

(adapted from wikipedia 13-09-2020: “One of Tredegar's main attributes is the Town Clock, dominating the southern part of the town centre. The clock was made by J. B. Joyce & Co of Whitchurch, Shropshire and was the idea of Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Davies (born 1825), the wife of the R. P. (Richard Powell) Davies, the manager of Tredegar Ironworks, who had decided that she wanted to present the town with a "lofty illuminated clock” to be situated in the Market Square, now “The Circle” (junction of Market Street, Castell Street, Iron Street, and Morgan Street) (these would be, translated into Welsh, Sgwâr y Farchnad, Y Cylch, Heol y Farchnad, Heol y Castell, Heol Haearn and Heol Morgan) (and in Gwentian Welsh, Sgwɛr y Farchnad, Y Cylch, ’Ewl y Farchnad, ’Ewl y Castall, ’Ewl ’Arn, and ’Ewl Morgan).

It was erected in 1858, one year after Mrs. Davies’s death.

An occasional column of news about Tredegar in the newspaper Tarian y Gweithiwr was named “O Ben 'Clock Mawr' Tredegar” (from the top of Tredegar Clock’) e.g. 2 May 1879

Welsh CLOC < English CLOCK

cloch [klo:x] (nf) bell (= cloch [klo:x])
#clycha [ˡkləxa] (pl) (= clychau [ˡkləxaɪ])

Ma cloch dan bob dant iddi she has a very loud voice (“there’s a bell under every tooth of hers”). See GPC, “cloch”.
codi cloch, #cwnnu cloch raise one’s voice in anger (“raise (a) bell”)

(western) chodes i ddim o ngloch na dim wrtho fe I didn’t raise my voice or anything with him (Papur Pawb. Priodi’r Plant. 19-02-1898) (“I-didn’t-lift + I + anything + of + my-bell + nor + anything + to-him + he”)

clofersan [klɔˡvɛrsan] (nf) clover, a clover plant (= meillionen [məɪɬˡjo·nɛn])
clofars [ˡklo·vars] (pl) clover, clover plants (= meillion [ˡməɪɬjɔn])
bod yn ÿch clofarz be in clover = be in comfort or luxury (‘be in your clovers’)
From English CLOVERS (+ singulative suffix -EN) clofersen > clofersan

clòs [klɔs] (adj) close, near (= agos [ˡa·gɔs])
yn glòs idd-i giddyl close to each other

clowt [klout] (nm) clout, blow, smack (= ergyd [ˡɛrgɪd])
clowts [klouts] (pl) (= ergydion [ˡɛrgətdjɔn])
roi cwpwl o glowts i... give a couple of clouts to...

clust [klɪst] (nm) ear (= clust [klɪst])
clusta [ˡklɪsta] (pl) (= clustiau [ˡklɪstjaɪ])

y clust the ear
A feminine noun in North Wales and in standard Welsh (y glust = the ear).

clwad [ˡklu·ad] (v) hear (= clywed [ˡkləwɛd])
chlwas i ddim am... I heard nothing about.. I didn’t hear about.

clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn] (nm) cloth (= cadach [ˡka·dax], clwtyn [ˡklʊtɪn])
#clwta [ˡklʊta] (pl) (= cadachau [kaˡdaxa], clytiau [ˡklətjaɪ])
clwtyn parth dishcloth

Clytach [ˡklətax] (nf) village name, Rhondda (= Clydach [ˡklədax])
Also Clitach [ˡklɪtax]

yng ngw’ulod Clytach at the lower end of Cyldach (“in the bottom of”)

cnac [knak] (nm) trick (= cast [kast], tric [trik])
cnacs [knaks] (pl) 1 tricks (= castiau [ˡkastjaɪ], clytiau [ˡtrikjaɪ])

2 ?rigmarole, incoherent talk

cnau [knaɪ] (v) to clean (= glanháu [glanˡhaɪ])
Also clau. Cf North Wales llnau, nhau.

Tsharli Cnau Lavz (nickname) Charlie (of the) cleaning of toilets, Charlie who cleans toilets
‘Charlie C’nau Lavs’ Llysenwau Pontardawe a'r Cylch (= nicknames of Pontardawe and the neighbouring area) http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cwmgors/Llysenwauponty.html
ORIGIN: Variant of GLANHÁU (= to clean).

cnel [knɛl] (nm) canal (= camlas [ˡkamlas])
A reduction of Welsh CANÉL, from Middle English CANÉL (= channel), from a French form with initial c- CANÉL (Francien, the dialect which is the basis of standard French, has initial ch- where other dialects have initial c-; thus English has CHANNÉL from Francien, whence Welsh SIANEL); ultimately from Latin CANÂLIS (= pipe, groove).
ar bont y cnel on the canal bridge

cnouan [ˡknɔɪan] (nf) nut, hazel nut; (= cneuan [ˡknəɪan])
cnou [knɔɪ] (pl) nuts, hazel nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ])

cnithdar [ˡknɪθdar] (nf) (female) cousin (= cyfnither [kəvˡni·θɛr])
(the ‘d’ is intrusive = cnithar influenced by the final syllable of cendar (male cousin))
Twm Gŵr i Gnithdar (= nickname for a man who married his cousin) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 23-06-1876: Twm Gwr ei Gnithder, Y Graigarw, Ystalyfera)
CYFNITHER > (loss of [v]) CY’NITHER > C’NITHER > CNITHDAR (intrusive [d]) > (Gwentian CNITHDAR)

cnou [knɔɪ] (pl) nuts, hazel nuts; (= cnau [knaɪ]) See cnouan

co’d [ko:d] (nm) wood (group of trees). woodland (= coed [kɔɪd])
coedydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð] (pl) woods (= coedydd [ˡkɔɪdɪð])
yn y co’d in the wood

Common in place names in the south – Pen-coed > Pen-co’d, a village by Pen-y-bont ar Ōgwr
In the south, oe [ɔɪ] in a monosyllable becomes a long vowel o [o:].

Co’dygoras, Co’dgoras [ko:d ə ˡgo·ras, ko:d ˡgo·ras] (= Coedygores [ˡkɔɪd ə ˡgo·rɛs])

A farm and now a housing estate (and name of a street) in Llanedern, Caer-dydd, on the land of the former farm.

A High Sheriff of Glamorgan in the 1700s was William Morgan of Coedygores (1722)

Standard Welsh: the wood itself is Coed y Gores, and the farm Coedygores.

The present name in Llanedern is in standard Welsh but misspelt as “Coed-y-Gores” instead of “Coedygores”.

The local form has “goras” (in Gwentian a final syllable “e” becomes “a”. In place names with a linking “y” (the definite article), this “y” is often omitted. The first element “coed” is “co’d” in southern Welsh.

goras [ˡgo·ras] (nm) (place names) unenclosed land, waste land (= gores [ˡgo·rɛs])

ORIGIN: (COED = wood) + (Y definite article) + (GORES = unenclosed land, waste land) “(the) wood (by) the wasteland” ) possibly a landscape similar to this photo near Ranskill in Lincolnshire, England)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Across_the_wasteland_to_the_wood_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560572.jpg

Standard Welsh GORES [ˡgo·rɛs], possibly the same word as GORES = dwelling; land, which is cognate with Old Irish FORUS (= basis, foudation; resting place, dwelling) and modern Irish FORAS (= basis; institution)

1776: mentioned both as Coed y Goras and Cod y Goras

“Blanch Williams of Coed y Goras, spinster, daughter of John Williams of Coed y Goras, gent., and only child and heir at law of Elizabeth Williams, deceased (late wife of the said John Williams, formerly Elizabeth Morgan, spinster,… All that capital messuage or mansion house called Cod y Goras situated in par. Llanedeyrn, co. Glam… 29 May 1776 (The Rickards Family of Usk Priory – Records. Gwent Archives)

1848: Coedgoras (the linking definite article “y” is often omitted in place names)

(delwedd G3825)

1888: Coedygoras

(delwedd G3823)

1909: Coed-y-Goras

(delwedd G3824)

Co’d-y-lai [ko:d ə ˡlaɪ] (nm) farm name; Englished as Coedely (= Coedelái [kɔɪdɛˡlaɪ])

(at Coed-y-Lai farm... Cadrawd, Cardiff Times, 22-08-1908). The name Coedelái (coed + Elái) has been misunderstood by Welsh-speakers as (coed + y + Lai).

cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ] (v) remember (= cofio [ˡkɔvjɔ])
cofia-di (imperative) remember, you must remember (= cofia di)
mi gofia-i am ÿch promis-chi I’ll remember your promise

coeca [ˡkɔɪka] (nm) hilltop sheepwalk (= coetgae [ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]; spelt erroneously in place names as coedcae). See also Pencoeca.
Also co’tga [ˡkɔtga]

Welsh COETGAE = field < land enclosed with wood or bushes < enclosure made with wood or bushes

As a field name in Llanddew, Brycheiniog: Coetca Cenol; Cotca

Coedcae – name of a housing estate in Nant-y-glo (locally ??Coeca)

Y Coeca [ə ˡkɔɪka] (nm) (= Y Coetgae [ə ˡkɔɪtgaɪ]. Names of various places. Wrongly spelt on maps as Coedcae, or even as Coed Cae.

In the example below, the local pronunciation [ˡkɔɪka] “coeca” is reproduced in the English spelling of the name (coyca) [ˡkɔɪka])



(delwedd 5704)

1/ #Danycoeca (standard Welsh Danycoetgae; spelt erroneously locally as Dan y Coedcae) name of a road in Pont-y-pridd (= dan y coetgae; (farm) below the upland grazing)

2/ ‘Coedcae’ street name in Tir-phil, Tedegar Newydd / New Tredegar. i.e. Y Coeca (Gwentian) / Y Coetgae (correct standard Welsh spelling)

‘Coedcae Court’, a street in Twynyrodyn, Merthyrtudful, is mentioned thus in ‘The Commercial Gazette’ for June 22, 1876: Williams William, 18 Coika-court, Twynyrodyn... The street name seems to represent an original Coeca-cwrt, Coeca’r-cwrt (the upland belonging to the farm called Y Cwrt).

coino [ˡkɔɪnɔ] (v) to coin (= bathu [ˡba·θɪ])
coino arian (‘coin money’) to make a mint, to make a lot of money, to coin it

colecshwn [kɔˡlɛkʃʊn] (nm) collection (= casgliad [ˡkasgljad])
colecshwnz [kɔˡlɛkʃʊn z] (pl) (= casgliadau [kasgˡlja·daɪ, -dɛ])

collad [ˡkɔɬad] (nf) 1/ loss (= colled [ˡkɔɬɛd]) 2/ madness, insanity (= gwallgofrwydd [gwaɬˡgɔvrʊið])
wyrthin fel sa collad arno laugh as though he was mad (‘as if there was a madness on him’)
ala collad ar infuriate(‘send madness on’)

consylteishwn [kɔnsəlˡtəɪʃʊn] (nm) consultation (= ymgynghoriad [əmgəŋˡhɔrjad])
consylteishwnz [kɔnsəlˡtəɪʃʊnz] (pl) (= ymgynghoriadau [əmgəŋhɔrˡja·daɪ, -dɛ])

copa [ˡkɔpa] (nf) 1/ top 2/ head (= pen [pɛn])
pob copa walltog a diwallt everybody (= every head with hair and without hair)

copor [ˡkɔpɔr] (nm) copper (= copr [ˡkɔpɔr])
gwaith copor copper works
From English COPPER

copri [ˡkɔprɪ] (v) become cloudy, get cloudy, become overcast, get overcast, become dull, get dull (= cymylu [kəˡməlɪ])
(COPOR = copper) + (-I verbal suffix)
Cf A tawny or coppery sky foretells wind. (Manual Of Navigation / Robert Assheton Napier, Lieut. R.N.R. / 1877.)

corad [ˡko·rad] (nf) weir (= cored [ˡko·rɛd])
Y Gorad-ddu Blackweir, Caer-dydd / Cardiff

cornal [ˡkɔrnal] (nm) corner (= cornel [ˡkɔrnɛl])
cornoli [kɔrˡne·lɪ] (pl) (= corneli [kɔrˡne·lɪ])
ym mob twll (= tw̄ll) a chornal in every nook and cranny, everywhere (‘in every hole and corner’)

cornwd [ˡkɔrnʊd] (nm) boil (= cornwyd [ˡkɔrnʊɪd])
cornwdydd? = cornwydydd [kɔrˡnʊɪdɪð]

corryn [ˡkɔrɪn] (nm) spider (= pryf cop [ˡpri:v ˡkɔp])
weti llyncu corryn be pregnant (‘[be] after swallowing (a) spider’)

co’s [ko:s] (nm) leg (= coes [kɔɪs]) plural: coesa [ˡkɔɪsa] legs (= coesau [ˡkɔɪsaɪ])

tynnu dy go’s pull your leg

cosach [ˡkɔsax] (v) scratch (= crafu [ˡkra·vɪ])
“Cosach - To scratch. Gosach i giddyl - Said of two persons who flatter each other.” Cardiff Times. 3 Hydref / October1908. Uncommon Words and Expressions, Peculiar to Glamorgan. Cadrawd.

cot [kɔt] (nf) coat (= côt [ko:t])
cota [ˡkɔta] (pl) (= cotiau [ˡkɔtjaɪ])
cot gwt fain tail coat

cou [kɔɪ] (adj) hollow (in place names) (= cau [kaɪ])
Ynys-gou [ˡənɪs ˡgɔɪ] (Rhondda) (= hollow water meadow) (= Ynys-gau [ˡənɪs ˡgaɪ])
Also:

Dôl-gou [do:l ˡgɔɪ]) (in the Tywi valley, Bethlehem, Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire) (= hollow water meadow)

Waun-gou [ˡwaɪn ˡgɔɪ] (Allt-mawr, Sir Frycheiniog / Breconshire) (“hollow meadow”) (= Waun-gau [ˡwaɪn ˡgaɪ])

cownsil [ˡkɔunsɪl] (nm) council = local authority (= cyngor [ˡkəŋɔr])
A Cymricisation of the English word ‘council’.

cownt [kɔunt] (nm) 1/ count (= rhifiad [ˡhri·vjad]) 2/ account, report (= adroddiad [aˡdrɔðjad])
ac yn ol pob cownt i-ni wedi gɛl according to all accounts we’ve had
English COUNT

cownto [ˡkɔuntɔ] (v) count (= rhifo [ˡhri·vɔ])

a chownto popath gyta’i giddyl all in all (“counting everything together”)
English COUNT > (Welsh COWNT) + (-IO verbal suffix) > COWNTIO > COWNTO

cracan [ˡkra·gan] (nf) shell (= cragen [ˡkra·gɛn])
crecyn [ˡkre·kɪn] (pl) (= cregyn [ˡkre·gɪn])
cracan gocs, crecyn cocs cockle shell

crach [ˡkra·x] (pl) see crachan (= scab)

crachach [ˡkra·xax] (pl) petty gentry; said of people who are pompous, snooty, high-and-mighty, stuck-up (= crachach [ˡkra·xax])
CRACH (= scabs) + (-ACH = diminutive suffix; suggests contempt)

crachan [ˡkra·xan] (pl) scab (= crachen [ˡkra·xɛn])

PLURAL: crɛch (= crach [ˡkra:x])

cramp [kramp] (nm) grip, hold, clutch (= gafael [ˡga·vaɪl])
cɛl cramp ar get hold of
English CRAMP = cramp iron, clamp, < Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. Cf German DIE KRAMPE = 1/ cramp iron (strip of metal with both ends bent at a right angle); clamp 2/ staple

cratsh [kraʧ] (nm) manger crib (with f’er for cattle) (GPC: cratsh in Glamorgan, south-western cretsh) (= rhesel [ˡhrɛsɛl])
cratshyz [ˡkraʧɪz] (pl) (= rheseli [hrɛˡse·lɪ])
From English CRATCH = fodder rack

NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Cratch: farm rack or manger for hay
Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / http://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/

Cratch: a rack for hay in a stable. A Glossary Of Provincial Words Used In Herefordshire And Some Of The Adjoining Counties. Sir George Cornewall Lewis. 1839.

crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl] (adj) religious (= crefyddol [krɛˡvəðɔl])
Also cryfyddol [krəˡvəðɔl]. See note 4.

crecyn [ˡkre·kɪn] shells. See cracan

cretu [ˡkre·tɪ] (v) believe (= credu [ˡkre·dɪ] = dirty)
dw-i ddim yn cretu fod... I don’t believe that...
òs nag ych chi’n y nghretu-i gofynnwch-chi i Mocyn if you don’t believe me ask Mocyn

os gallwch chi gretu pob stori ma Risiard Huws yn wed (Y Darian. 09-09-1915) if you can believe every story (that) Rhisiard Huws/ Richard Hughes tells
Also ceti [ˡke·tɪ]

croci [ˡkro·kɪ] (v) hang (= crogi [ˡkro·gɪ])
mà isha groci-fa he ought to be hanged, he deserves to be hanged (= y mae eisiau ei grogi ef – “there is wanting of his hanging-(of)-him”)
paso sentans ar ddyn i gɛl i groci sentence a man to be hanged

cro’s [kro:s] (nf) 1/ cross (= croes [kroɪs]) 2/ crossroads (= croesffordd [ˡkroɪsfɔrð])
In Treforys the village crossroads is Y Crôs, i.e. a masculine noun and so without soft mutation

cròs [krɔs] (nf) crossroads (= croes [kroɪs])


(delwedd 5971)

2 Medi 1915. Y Darian. Trebannos a'r Cylch.
Mr. Gol., - Dyma fi yn trio fy llaw yr wthnos hyn eto, a chan fod Nansen yn newid aer, fe fentres inê speciwleto cinog a dime am ride fach yn y moto bus mor bell a Phontardawe. Odd yr hewl dipyn bach yn arw, a'r moto dipyn yn shigledig, nes odd yr hen eilode ma yn teimlo ychydig am fod y rhiwmatic yn eu blino. Wel cyrheiddwd y Cross yn saff, ac yn y fan hynny odd y bobis yn fishi iawn gyta ei keep movin oherwydd fod rhyw Em Pee ne Je Pee ne rwbeth weti achwin wth y Polis fod gormod yn sefill ar y Cros. Pob parch i'r rhai hynny; buont mor hyf a gofin i ble oent i'w danfon am odd opn spês na pharc ym Mhontardawe, ond yr ateb odd send them where you like but don't keep them in the Cross.

2 September 1915. Y Darian (= the shield). Trebannos and Area.
Mr. Editor, Here I am trying my hand again this week again, and since Nansen (Ann) is having a change of air, I ventured to invest (‘speculate’) a penny halfpenny on a little ride on the motor bus as far off as Pontardawe. The road was a bit rough, and the bus was a bit shaky, until my old limbs begain to ache a bit because my rheumaism was affecting them. Wel, the Cròs was safely reached, and there the bobbies were very busy with their ‘keep moving’ because some MP or JP or something had complained that tow many people were standing at the Cròs. Every respect to them – they were daring enough to ask where they were to send them since there wasn’t an open space or park in Pontardawe, but the answer was to send them where you like but don’t keep them in the Cross.

Cro’s-pen-mɛn [ˡkro:s pɛn ˡmæ:n] (nf) name of village near Y Crymlyn / Crumlin (= Croes-pen-maen [ˡkroɪs pɛn ˡmain])
Archifau Gwent: D298/23/1 Copy Court Roll Manor of Abercarn Surrender and Admittance 1.... “the highway leading from Cross Penmayne towards Aberbeeg... 17 Jun 1783”. (The English spelling Penmayne shows the Gwentian pronunciation)

(Other spellings: Croespenmaen, Croespenmain, Cross Penmain, Croes Pen Main)


(delwdd 5948)

crotan [ˡkrɔtan] (nf) lass, girl (= merch [ˡmɛrx])
crotesi [krɔˡtɛsɪ] (pl) (= merched [ˡmɛrxɛd])
(CROT = child) + (-EN feminine diminutive suffix) > CROTEN (> Gwentian CROTAN).

crots [krɔts] (pl) lads. See crotyn

crotyn [ˡkrɔtɪn] (nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crots [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɪn])
pan o’n-i’n grotyn when I was a lad
CROT < CRWT < English dialect CRUT (occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland) = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child.
(CROT) + (-YN diminutive suffix) > CROTYN.

crowdo [ˡkrɔʊdɔ] (v) to crowd, to come in crowds (= tyrru [ˡtərɪ])
Ma dynnon yn crowdo i ddarllin y pishys w i'n sgryfennu (Darian 09-09-1915; adapted spelling)

People come in droves to read the pieces I write

From English (TO) CROWD [kraud] > Welsh (CROWD- [krɔʊd]) + (-IO) > CROWDIO > CROWDO

crwt [krʊt] (nm) lad, boy (= bachgen [ˡbaxgɛn] (nm))
crwts [krɔts] (pl) (= bechgyn [ˡbɛxgɛn])

From English dialect CRUT = smallest pig in a litter, youngest bird in a brood, puny child. “Crut” occurs nowadays in the north of England and southern Scotland.
.....

(delwedd 5896)
CRUT, a dwarf, or anything curbed in its growth.

.....

(delwedd 5897)

“CROOT, sb. [substantive] Sc. [Scotland] Also in form krute Rxb. [Roxburghshire]; crute (Jam.). [Jamieson 1808-1825] A puny, feeble child; the youngest bird of a brood; the smallest pig of a litter. See Crut, sb.1 [substantive 1]”. The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years. Volume 6. Supplement, A-Y. Joseph Wright. 1905.

.....

(delwedd 5898)

CRUT, sb.1 [substantive 1] Sc. [Socotland]. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. Also in form crot. 1 A short person. Ayr. [Ayrshire] WALLACE Schoolmaster (1899) 346. 2. A lad, not necessarily stunted. Pem. [Pembrokeshire]. (J.S.O.T.)

“The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years. Volume 1. A-C. 1898.”
Joseph Wright. 1905.
.....

cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd] (nm) shaking, quiver, quivering (= cryndod [ˡkrəndɔd])

gita cryndod yn i laish in a shaky voice (“with shaking / quivering in his voice”)

cuddo [ˡki·ðɔ] (v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])

cùs [kɪs] (nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
#cusa [ˡkɪsa] (pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
From Old English CUSS (= kiss). Standard CUSAN is probably (CUS) + (-AN = diminutive suffix). Cf German DER KUSS (= kiss), Dutch DE KUS (nm) (= kiss), Swiss German KÜSSLI / CHÜSSLI.
O’r lìli fɛch ro gùs i mi (< o’r lili fach rho gus i mi) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888) (oh little lily give me a kiss)

cusan [ˡkɪsan] (nm) kiss (= cusan [ˡkɪsan])
#cusana [ˡkɪsa·na] (pl) (= cusanau [ˡkɪsa·naɪ])
ro gusan eto (< rho gusan eto) (Tarian y Gweithiwr 06-12-1888) give me another kiss (‘give a kiss again’)
ORIGIN: See cŭs

cwáliti [ˡkwalɪtɪ] (nm) quality (= ansawdd [ˡansaʊð])

cwato [ˡkwatɔ] (v) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])

Cf
1/ Quat The shape made in the grass where a hare has rested (i.e. in standard English, a ‘form’)
Dialect Words from North Somerset 2015 Vince Russett
http://www.ycccart.co.uk/index_htm_files/Dialect%20words%20in%20reports-2.pdf

2/ QUAT. — Used sometimes instead of “squat." A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)
These are pronounced [kwot] in modern English, but would earlier have been [kwat], which was the pronunciation when the word was taken into Welsh.

cwb [ku:b] (nm) coop (for hens, pigeons) (= cwt [kʊt] (nm))
From English COOB [ku:b].

Cf. 1/ COOB.— Coop. A hen-coop is a “hen-coob.” A Glossary Of Berkshire Words And Phrases. Major B. Lowsley, Royal Engineers. London. Published For The English Dialect Society. 1888. (‘All [words and expressions] as now submitted I have heard spoken in Mid-Berkshire.’)

2/ Also in USA. ...a poultry "coob". (coop). (Frontier Feud: 1819-20: How Two Officers Quarreled All the Way to the Site of Fort Snelling / Helen McCann White / Vol. 42, No. 3, Fall, 1970. pp. 99-114. Minnesota Historical Society Press.)

3/ Ireland (Luimneach / Limerick). Tales of My Neighbourhood, Volume 1. 1835. Gerald Griffin. ...and some chickens that were in a coob at the other end o’ the place.

4/ Irish cúb (= hen coop) < English coob.

5/ COOB. A hen-coop. Wilts. (= Wiltshire). A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs from the Fourteenth Century. Volume 1. 1846. James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps.

6/ Dictionary of the Welsh Language: Explained in English. William Owen Pughe. 1832. Cwb ieir, a hen pen; cwb ci, a dog kennel, or cote; cwb colomenod, a dove cote.

cwar [kwar] (nm) quarry (= chwarel [ˡxwa·rɛl])
cwarra [ˡwara] (= chwareli [xwaˡre·lɪ])
Clos y Cwarra modern street name in Sain Ffagan / Saint Fagans, Caer-dydd / Cardiff (= Close of “Y Cwarra”, or close of the quarries)


(delwedd 5963)

Y Cwarra Mawr place in Caerffili (apparently ‘greater Cwarra’, referring to a farm called Y Cwarra = the quarries)


(delwedd B0421)

cwcw [ˡkʊkʊ] (nf) cuckoo (= cog [co:g])
cwcŵod# [kʊˡkuɔd] (= cog [ˡko·gaɪ])

cwestiwn [ˡkwɛstjʊn] (nm) question (= cwestiwn [ˡkwɛstjʊn])
#cwestiyna [kwɛsˡtjəna] (= cwestiynau [kwɛsˡtjəna ɪ])

y cwestiwn yw shwd ma’u catw nw’n sɛff the question is how to keep them safe

cwiddyl [ˡkwi·ðɪl] (nm) shame (= cywilydd [ˡkəwi·lɪð])
rhag cwiddyl i ti! shame on you! for shame! you ought to be ashamed of yourself!
CYWILYDD > C’WILYDD > (metathesis L-DD > DD-L) CWIDDYL

cwlffyn [ˡkʊlfɪn] (nm) a little bit; very few people (= ychydig [əˡxədɪg])
cwlffyn o fara chaws Carffili a lump of bread and Caerffili cheese

cwm [kʊm] (nm) valley (= cwm [kʊm])
cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] (pl) (= cymydd [ˡkəmɔɪð]
yn y cwm mà in this valley
yn yn cymydd ni in our valleys

cwmp [kʊmp] (nm) rockfall, fall of rock in a mine or quarry (= cwymp [kuɪmp])
dath cwmp arno a rock fell on him, the roof fell on him (‘a rockfall came on him’)
dod i ddiwadd o dan gwmp (= dod i’w diwedd) die in a rockfall (‘come to his end under a fall’)

cwmpo [ˡkʊmpɔ] (v) fall (= cwympo [ˡkuɪmpɔ]; syrthio [ˡsərθjɔ])

o’dd-a bron â chwmpo he was almost falling over

Note 100: www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_geiriaduron/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-nodiadau_100_wy-cwympo-cwmpo_0195e.htm

cwmws [ˡkʊmʊs] 1/ (adj) exact, straight (= cymwys [ˡkəruɪs] = appropriate, suitable; exact; straight) 2/ (adv) yn gwmws a) exactly b) directly, straight
felna’n gwmws exactly like that
yn gwmws exactly; 
mor gwmws â’r sɛth (mor gymwys â’r saeth) as straight as an arrow.
fe etho'n gwmws i'r gynhatladd I went directly to the conference (Y Darian, 5 Mehefin 1919)

NOTES: 1/ Final -wy is usually reduced to w in Southern Welsh (Afon Ebwy > Afon Ebw).
2/ This w has influenced the y in the first syllable, thus cymws > cwmws.
Compare similar examples in standard Welsh, where

a/ cwmwl = cloud, which was historically cymwl, and

b/ cwmwd (a commote or administrative division) < cymwd.

cwnnad [ˡkʊnad] (nm) 1/ increase 2/ rise (= codiad [ˡko·djad])
mynd i gwnnad (land) slope upwards
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwyniad [kəˡxuinjad], though its meaning is different: ‘beginning’
(Other forms and spellings: gwnnad, chwnnad, cwnad, gwnad, chwnad)

cwnnu [ˡkʊnɪ] (v); 1/ (vi) to get up, to rise, 2/ (vt) to raise, to pick up: 3/ to charge (a price) (= codi [ˡko·dɪ])
In standard Welsh, this would be cychwynnu [kəˡxuinɪ] but this form is not in use; another form of the word is in everday usage however, cychwyn, which has the meaning of ‘to begin’.

Sometimes in dialect writings it is spelt with an unetymological single n (cwnu).

cwnn lan! get up! (= out of bed)
cwnnwch lan! get up! (= out of bed)
gwnnws un i lifir lan one of them picked up his book
(Other forms and spellings: cwnnu, gwnnu, chwnnu, cwnu, cwni, gwnu, gwni, chwnu, chwni, cwnnwch, cwncwch, cwn)

cwpla [ˡkʊpla] (v) to finish (= cwblháu [kʊblˡhaɪ])
NOTE: This is not the typical devoicing of this dialect (an initial b in the final becomes p) - but rather the effect of the initial h- in the suffix for forming verbs -hau (cwbl-háu > cwpl-áu). 
In some words this stressed -au has been replaced by unstressed -a, and the stress has gone back onto the verb - 
cwbl > cwbl-hau > cwpl-áu > cwpla
cof > cof-háu > coff-áu > coffa

cwpwl [ˡkʊpʊl] (nm) couple (= pâr [pa:r], cwpl [ˡkʊpʊl])
am gwpwl o fishodd for a couple of months
From English COUPLE

cwpwrt [ˡkʊpʊrt] (nm) cupboard (= cwpwrdd [ˡkʊpʊrð])
cwpwrta [kʊˡpʊrta] (pl) (= cypyrddau [kəˡpərðaɪ])

cwrw [ˡku·rʊ] (nm) beer (= cwrw [ˡku·rʊ])
(Other spellings: cwrw)

cwrdd [kʊrð] (nm) 1/ meeting, gathering; 2/ religious service of Nonconformists (= cwrdd [kʊrð])
cwrdda [ˡkʊrða] (pl) services (= cyrddau [ˡkərðaɪ])
tŷ cwrdd chapel, meeting house (‘house (of) meeting’)

cwrs [kʊrs] (nm) course (= cwrs [kʊrs])
From English COURSE in its former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s];

cwrso [ˡkʊrsɔ] (v) chase (= ymlid [ˡəmlɪd]; erlid [ˡɛrlɪd])
cwrso defid chase sheep
From English COURSE in its former pronunciation [kurs], nowadays [ko:s]; (CWRS) + (verbal suffix -IO) > CWRSIO > CWRSO

cwsg [kʊsk] (nm) sleep (= cwsg [kʊsk])

bod yn gwsg be numb

clapo nethon ni spo'n dilo ni'n gwsg we clapped till our hands were numb


(delwedd 0419)

cwt [kʊt] (nf) 1/ tail ( = ciw [kiu]); 2/ queue (= cynffon [ˡkənfɔn])
cwt y gɛth = the cat’s tail, (the) tail (of) the cat; 
cwt y ci = the dog’s tail, (the) tail (of) the dog; 
aros yn y gwt = to wait in the queue

cwtsh [kʊtʃ] (nm) 1/ cuddle, hug, embrace 2/ dog’s kennel; also as a command to a dog to go to its kennel 3/ rabbit hutch, ‘rabbit’s cwtsh’ 4/ cwtsh glo coal store, ‘coal cutch’ 5/ cwtch dan stɛr space under the stairs, small cupboard under the stairs (= cwtsh dan y stàr, ‘store under the staircase’)

ORIGIN: Welsh CWTSH < English dialect COOCH < French COUCH(ER), preserving the [ʧ] value of CH in older French, now [ʃ]

NOTE: (Herefordshire dialect) Cooch: crouch down. Hereford Times / 12 December 2015 / www. herefordtimes.com/news/14140019.55_long_lost_Herefordshire_sayings_and_words/


(delwedd B0422)

THE ABERDARE TIMES. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1857. CHARGE OF STEALING A FERRET. — William Evans was charged with stealing a ferret, the property of William Henry Bird, Mountain Ash. Prosecutor said he bad a white ferret, which he kept locked up it the coal-cutch in the back. Saw it safe about 5 o' clock on Sunday last, and about 8.30 he went to show it to a mun and it was gone, the cutch door being open and the staple taken out. The value of the ferret, which he produced, was 5s. and it was his property. Defendaut asserted that the ferret was his, and that he had purchased it from T. Harris, Sunderland, last spring. Prosecutor: I am certain of the ferret. 1 know it by a mark where a rat bit it on the head. Defendant: Rats very frequently bite ferrets on the head. P.C. Perkins gave evidence as to finding the ferret in a closet at the back of defendant house. On being charged with stealing it defendant said, “I did not break open the door or take the forret. It is my ferret. I have had it about two months." Defendant denied that he said anything about two months. He pleaded not guilty, and called as a witness William Rees, collier, 28, High Street, Mountain Ash, who stated that he had seen a white ferret in defendant's possession three or four months ago, but he had not seen it since. Defendant was committed for trial, but admitted to bail, himself in £10 and one surety in a similar amount.


(delwedd B0420)


Y Cwtsh [ə ˡkʊtʃ] (nm) 1/ Name of a pit at Wattstown 2/ Wattstown (= Tre-watt [trɛˡwat])
(Tre-watt is a translation, which was never in colloquial use, of the English name.)


(delwedd 5965)
Y Darian.13 Ionawr 1910. Well done, Wattstown. Y mae gweithwyr glofa Wattstown a thrigolion y lle wedi rhoddi ‘motor car' at wasanaeth Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., am dair wythnos, er mwyn iddo wneud y goreu o'i frwydr etholiadol yn Mwrdeisdrefi Merthyr ac Aberdar. Pa beth bynag fydd y draul, y maent hwy yn myned yn gyfrifol am dani. Bu Mr Edgar Jones o help mawr iddynt hwy yn nglyn a chael Institute newydd i'r lle, heblaw llu o gymwynasau ereill. Datganodd ddymuniadau y glowyr, eiriolodd drostynt, ac ymladdodd eu brwydrau y pryd hwnw mor ganmoladwy, fel y maent hwythau yn awr am ei gofio yntau. Son am anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. Ac y mae golwg urddasol ar Edgar bach yn ‘motor car’ boys y Cwtch. Well done, yn wir!

Y Darian (The Shield). 13 January 1910. Well done, Wattstown. The workers at the Wattstown coalmine and the inhabitants of the place have placed (‘given’) a motor car at the service of Mr Edgar Jones, M.A., for three weeks, so that he can make the best of his election fight in the boroughs of Merthyr and Aber-dâ / Aberdare. Whatever the cost will be, they are taking responsibility for it (‘going reponsible for it’). Mr Edgar Jones was of great help to them in getting a new (Miners’) Institute newydd for the village, besides very many other kindly acts / good deeds. He expressed the wishes of the miners, he interceded for them, and he carried out their struggle at the time in a praiseworthy manner, and so they no wish to remember him. Talk about honour for a prophet in his own land, this is a splendid example of it. Son am anrhydedd i broffwyd yn ei wlad ei hun, dyna engraifft odidog o hono. And Edgar is a noble sight in the motor car of the boys of Y Cwtch. Well done, indeed!


(delwedd B0417)

Tarian y Gweithwr. 9 Medi 1909. Ar Ymweliad. Y dydd o'r blaen, aethum i fyny y Rhondda, ac wedi cyrhaedd y Porth, yr oedd yn rhaid cyfeirio ar y dde i gwm Rhondda fach. Yn wir, syr, mae yn rhaid cyfaddef, mae pethau yn gwella. Dyna handi mae y cars yma yn mynd a chi i'r ‘very spot' y byddwch am fyned. Wedi mynd i'r car yn y Porth ffwrdd yr aethom ac yn mhen ychydig yr oeddym yn Wattstown. Pe gofynech i mi am Gymreigeiddio y gair neu’r enw yma — dywedwn fel hyn — Tre watt. Gwyddwn pa le oedd galw wedi cyrhaedd yr orsaf, yn herwydd y Cyfaill yn gyfarwydd a'r frawdoliaeth yn Calfaria.

Tarian y Gweithwr (The Workman’s Shield). 9 September 1909. On a visit. The other day I went up the Rhondda and having reached Y Porth I had to go to the right to Cwm Rhondda Fach (the valley of the Lesser Rhondda river). Indeed, sir, I must confess that things are improving. How handy the tramcars are taking you to the very spot you want to go to. Having got on the tram in Y Porth off we went and in no time at all we were in Wattstown. If you were to ask me how to put this word or name into Welsh I would say [it] like this - Tre watt. I knew what place to call by at having reached the station because the Friend (= the name of the author of this piece, Cyfaill John, Friend John) was familiar with the brotherhood in Calfaria.

cwtsho [kʊtʃ] (v)

1/ (vt) cuddle, hug, embrace, give a cuddle / hug / embrace (= cofleidio [kɔvˡləɪdjɔ])

2/ (vt) hide (= cuddio [ˡkɪðjɔ])

3/ (vi) get comfortable (gwneud eich hun yn gysurus [ˡgwnəɪd əx ˡhi:n ən gəˡsi·rɪs] make yourself comfortable)

In South-east-Wales English as CUTCH (or in pseudo-Welsh spelling as CWTCH) (Also found in Welsh as CWTCH, though here it is an English spelling! since “tsh” is [ʧ], and not “tch”.)

cwtyn [ˡku·tɪn] (nm) cupboard (= cwpwrdd [ˡkʊpʊrð])
cwtyn y saint 1/ odds-and-ends bag (An expression, among certain others, that has surived from pre-Reformation Catholic Wales)
2/ fel cwtyn y saint like the friar's purse (thus translated in Diarhebion Cymraeg / J. J. Evans / 1965) . All mixed up, in disorder, a complete mess; literally ‘like a reliquary bag’.

Literally ‘(the) bag (of) the saints’, i.e. a reliquary [ˈrɛlɪkwərɪ] bag / reliquary pouch / reliquary purse. Such bags were used in medieval times to keep supposed relics of saints, usually pieces of bone or cloth. They were either in the possession of individuals or of churches, in which case they were stored in small altars or in specially crafted wooden or stone reliquaries.

Cf Robert Morton Nance: Old Cornwall Journal, No.5 (April 1927).
When not in use in the field, the crowdy-crawn (from croder croghen in the Cornish language = skin sieve) was used to store ‘s and ends in homes: "In old country house-keeping in West Cornwall, ‘ things, all worth saving, but for which no special place on the wall, shelf, chimney board, or dresser was provided, were tidied away into the "crowdy-crawn"; a sieve-rind with a bottom of stretched sheep-skin, serving on occasion also as a tambourine for dancers, but originally meant as a corn-measure."

The Talk Tidy website (‘the online home of Wenglish’) http://talktidy.com/c.html includes it as an expression used in South-eastern Wales English ‘”Look at the state of this place - it's like cwtyn y saint!"’.

From (CWD = bag) + (-YN dimiutive suffix). CWD is most likely a borrowing from an English word *CUD, a parallel form of COD (= (dialect) pod, husk; (obsolete) bag; scrotum)) such as BWRDD (= table) from *BURD (a varianrt of BOARD), FWRDD (= road, in the expression I FWRDD = away) < *FURD (a variant form of FORD)

cyfadda [kəˡva·ða] (v) admit (= cyfaddef [kəˡva·ðɛv, kəˡva·ðɛ])

cyfansoddiad [kəvanˡsɔðjad] (nm) compostion (= cyfansoddiad [kəvanˡsɔðjad])

pl. cyfansoddiata [kəvansɔðˡja·ta] (= cyfansoddiad kəvansɔðˡja·daɪ, -dɛ]

Cyfansoddiata Steddfod Llan-lluwch (Y Darian 02-09-1915) the compositions of the Llan-lluwch eisteddfod

cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd] (nm) meeting (= cyfarfod [kəˡvarvɔd])
cyfarfotydd [kəvarvo·tɪð]) (= cyfarfodydd [kəvarvo·dɪð])

Cyfarthfa [kəˡvarθva] (nf) place name (= Cyfarthfa [kəˡvarθva])
Also Cyfartha [kəˡvarθa]

(delwedd 5775)

CYFARTHA, a chapelry in Merthyr-TydviI parish, Glamorgan; on the N verge of the county, 1 mile N of Merthyr-Tydvil town and r. station. It was constituted in 1846. ... Great iron-works here were begun, about 1765, by Mr. Anthony Bacon... Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales / John Marius Wilson / (1870-72)

In the novel ‘How Green was my Valley’ ‘Cyfartha’ is the name of a croney of boxer Dai Bando


(delwedd 5776)

Also: Y Gyfartha
Etto, y Parch. J. Howells, Incumbent Eglwys y Gyfartha, dydd Sadwrn, Awst 29, tarawyd ef mewn llewyg tra yn carfio i wledd cymdeithas ddyngarol ag oedd wedi bod yn pregethu iddi. Bu yn y llewyg hyd ddeg o'r gloch nos Sabbath, pan y bu farw. Y Dydd / 11 Medi 1868

= Similarly, the Reverend J Howells, incumbent of the church in Y Gyfartha, on Saturday August 29th [1868] collapssed unconscious / fell into a faint (‘was struck in a faint’) whilst carving [the meat] for the banquet of a benevolent society that he had been preaching to. He reamined unsconscious (‘in the faint’) until ten o’ clock on Sunday night, when he died.

...bydd atdyniad pobloedd i'r lle er clywed seindorf bres y Gyfartha. yn nghyd a'r professionals o Lundain...

= There will be an attraction of groups of people to the place to hear the Cyfarthfa brass band as well as professionals from London... Seren Cymru / 18 Awst 1871

Mae y fasnach lo yma lawer yn well nag y mae wedi bod, a'r Gyfartha yr un m’ yn y glo. Llawer o'r black pearl yn cael ei gludo yn wythnosol tua thref y mwg - prifddinas Ymerodraeth Prydain. Wrth ragolygon yr orwel fasnachol, yr ydym yn credu y bydd y gauaf dyfodol yn well i'r meistr a'r gweithiwr. Nid oes, hyd yn hyn, yr un cychwyniad gwirioneddol yn Ngweithfeydd Haiarn y Gyfartha. Y Gwladgarwr / 20 Medi 1878

= The market for coal here is a lot better than it has been, and Y Gyfartha similarly for coal [extraction]. Much of the ‘black pearl’ is being transpòrted each week to the town of the smoke - the capital of the British Empire [= London]. As for business forecasts (‘according to the forecasts of the trading horizon’), we believe that the coming winter will be better for the employers (‘for the master’) and the workers. Up until now, there has not been the same (‘the same true beginning’) real pick-up in business in the Gyfartha Ironworks.

NOTE: The alternative form of the name results from the simplification of the consonant cluster [θv] > [θ] Cyfarthfa > Cyfarth’a (= Cyfartha)

cyfla [ˡkəvla] (nm) opportunity, chance, occasion (= cyfle [ˡkəvlɛ])
#cyfleo’dd [kəvˡle·ɔð]) (pl) (= cyfleoedd [kəvˡle·ɔɪð])

cyffretin [kəˡfre·tɪn] (adj) common, general (= cyffredin [kəˡfre·dɪn])

cyfordus [kəˡvɔrdɪs] (adj) comfortable (= cyfforddus [kəˡfɔrðɪs])
Also cyfwrdus [kəˡvʊrdɪs]
Source: GPC

cyfrath [ˡkəvraθ] (nf) law (= cyfraith [ˡkəvraɪθ])

cym-po-(h)ir [kɪm po: ˡi:r] (adv) before long (= cyn bo hir [kɪn bo: ˡhi:r])

Cymrɛs [kəmˡræ:s] (nf) Welshwoman (= Cymraes [kəmˡraɪs])
Cymreisa, Cymr’isa, [kəmˡrəɪsa, kəmˡri·sa]) (pl) (= Cymraesau [kəmˡrəɪsaɪ])

Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ] (nm) Welshman (= Cymro [ˡkəmrɔ])
Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ] (pl) Welshmen; Welsh people (= Cymry [ˡkəmrɪ])

Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ] (nf) Wales (= Cymru [ˡkəmrɪ])
Cymru am byth [ˡkəmrɪ am bɪθ] Wales for ever

cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd] (v) take (= cymryd [ˡkəmrɪd])
(Englishism) cymryd ffor grantid [ˡkəmrɪd fo:r ˡgrantid] take for granted (= cymryd yn ganiataol [ˡkəmrɪd ˡən ganiaˡta·ɔl])
Welsh CYMRYD (= CYM’RYD) < CYMERYD

cyrradd [ˡkərað] (v) arrive (at a place), reach (a place) (= cymryd [[ˡkəraɪð])
rôl cyrradd Aber-dɛr after arriving in Aber-dâr / Aberdare

cythrwm [ˡkəθrʊm] (nm) devil (= cythraul [ˡkəθraɪl], diafol [dɪˡa·vɔl], diawl [djaul])
(Alteration of the word cythraul)
Beth gythrwm...? What the devil...?
Myn cythrwm i! [mən ˡkəθrʊm ˡɪ] Bloody hell!

cymydd [ˡkəmɪð] valleys. See cwm [kʊm]

Y Cyw [ə ˡkiu] (nm) short name for Heol-y-cyw / = Ewl-y-cyw#
byw yn y Cyw live in Heol-y-cyw

ALTERNATIVE SPELLINGS:

cwpwl < cwpl (= couple), Cymres, Cymrês, Cymrâs, Cymras < Cymraes (= Welshwoman)

xxxxx

Geiriadur Geiriau Cymraeg Camsillafedig (Sillafiadau Tafodieithol, Hynafol, Anarferol, Anghywir a Seisnegedig).
Geiriau Cymraeg nad yw yn y geiriaduron safonol - gellir gweld llawer ohonynt, ynglŷn â’u sillafiad safonol, yn y ddolen-gyswllt isod:

Dictionary of Misspelt Welsh Words (Dialectal, Archaic, Unusual, Incorrect and Anglicised Spellings).
Welsh words not listed in standard Welsh dictionaries - many might be found, along with their standard spelling, via the link below:

www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur-camsillafiadau_MORFIL_3525e.htm


(delwedd G4002b)

(Other forms and spellings: ciatw, gatw, giatw, chatw) > catw

(Other forms and spellings: getyn, cetin, getin, chetyn, chetin) > cetyn

(Other forms and spellings: citcho, citchas, gitchas, citshas, chitcho, gitshas, chitchas, chitshas, citchws, gitchws, citshws, gitshws, chitchws, chitshws, citchon, gitchon, citshon, gitshon, chitchon, chitshon) > citsho

Sumbolau:

a A / æ Æ / e E / ɛ Ɛ / i I / o O / u U / w W / y Y /
MACRONː ā Ā / ǣ Ǣ / t Ē / ɛ Ɛ / ī Ī / o Ō / ū Ū / w̄ W̄ / ȳ Ȳ /
MACRON + ACEN DDYRCHAFEDIGː Ā̀ ā̀ , Ḗ ḗ, Ī́ ī́ , Ṓ ṓ , Ū́ ū́, (w), Ȳ́ ȳ́
MACRON + ACEN DDISGYNEDIGː Ǟ ǟ , Ḕ ḕ, Ī̀ ī̀, Ṑ ṑ, Ū̀ ū̀, (w), Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
MACRON ISODː A̱ a̱ , E̱ e̱ , I̱ i̱ , O̱ o̱, U̱ u̱, (w), Y̱ y̱
BREFː ă Ă / ĕ Ĕ / ĭ Ĭ / ŏ Ŏ / ŭ Ŭ / B5236ː B5237ː
BREF GWRTHDRO ISODː i̯, u̯
CROMFACHAUː ⟨ ⟩ deiamwnt
A’I PHEN I LAWRː ∀, ә, ɐ (u+0250) httpsː //text-symbols.com/upside-down/
Y WENHWYSWEG: ɛ ɛ̄ ǣ æ

ˈ ɑ ɑˑ aˑ aː / æ æː / e eˑeː / ɛ ɛː / ɪ iˑ iː ɪ / ɔ oˑ oː / ʊ uˑ uː ʊ / ə / ʌ /
ẅ Ẅ / ẃ Ẃ / ẁ Ẁ / ŵ Ŵ /
ŷ Ŷ / ỳ Ỳ / ý Ý / ɥ
ˈ ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ uɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ ɔʊ əʊ / £
ә ʌ ẃ ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẅ ẃ ẁ Ẁ ŵ ŷ ỳ Ỳ Hungarumlautː A̋ a̋

U+1EA0 Ạ U+1EA1 ạ
U+1EB8 Ẹ U+1EB9 ẹ
U+1ECA Ị U+1ECB ị
U+1ECC Ọ U+1ECD ọ
U+1EE4 Ụ U+1EE5 ụ
U+1E88 Ẉ U+1E89 ẉ
U+1EF4 Ỵ U+1EF5 ỵ
gyn aith δ δ £ gyn aith δ δ £ U+2020 †
« »

DAGGER
wikipedia, scriptsource. org
httpsː []//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

Hwngarwmlawtː A̋ a̋
gyn aith δ δ
…..
…..
ʌ ag acen ddyrchafedig / ʌ with acute accentː ʌ́

Ə́ ə́

Shwa ag acen ddyrchafedig / Schwa with acute

…..
…..
wikipedia,
scriptsource.[]org
httpsː//[ ]en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ǣ

---------------------------------------
Y TUDALEN HWN /THIS PAGE / AQUESTA PÀGINA:
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/geiriadur-gwenhwyseg-saesneg_BATHOR_c_3566.htm

.htm
---------------------------------------
Creuwyd / Created / Creada:
Adolygiadau diweddaraf / Latest updates / Darreres actualitzacions:
Delweddau / Imatges / Images:
Ffynhonnell / Font / Source:
---------------------------------------

Freefind.
---
Archwiliwch y wefan hon
Cerqueu aquest web
SEARCH THIS WEBSITE
---
Adeiladwaith y wefan
Estructura del web
SITE STRUCTURE
---
Beth sydd yn newydd?
Què hi ha de nou?
WHAT’S NEW?

Ble'r wyf i? Yr ych chi'n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau'r Wefan CYMRU-CATALONIA
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina de la Web CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Gal·les-Catalunya)
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Wales-Catalonia) Website
Weə-r äm ai? Yüu äa-r víziting ə peij fröm dhə CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Weilz-Katəlóuniə) Wébsait

Adran y Wenhwyseg / Secció del dialecte de Gwent / Gwentian Welsh
Edrychiadau ar y tudalennau / Vistes de les pàgines / Page Views

Edrychwch ar ein Hystadegau / Mireu les nostres Estadístiques / View Our Stats