A Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_ar_2709e.htm
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..............................0417e Geiriaduron / Dictionaries
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Dictionaries in English
....................................................1818e Y mynegai
i'r geiriadur arlein hwn / Index to this online dictionary
.................................................................Y Tudalen Hwn
/ This Page
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
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(delw
6668) 2009-03-17 |
∆
1580e A | 2709e
AR | 1039e B | 1735e BR | 1018e C | 1071e CE | 1675e CI | 1040e CR | 1075e CY | 1020e D | 1674e DI | 1072e E | 1077e F | 1021e G | 1042e GW | 1038e H | 1676e HY, I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M | 1677e MI | 1047e N | 1600e O | 1023e P | 1073e PL | 1026e R | 1070e S | 1024e T | 1076e TR | 1025e U,V | 1731e W, X | 1586e Y, Z |
..1
ar <AR>
[ar] (preposition)
1 on
2 (emotion) bod hwyl ddrwg ar
be in a nasty mood (“be a bad emotion on”)
3 (view) mynd i gael golwg ar
y dre go and have a look round town
4 (ache, pain, illness) Mae
annwyd arna i <mai A-nuid ar-nai> [maɪ ˡanʊɪd ˡarnaɪ] I’ve got a cold
5 (South Wales) Mae
pen da arno fe He’s clever (“there’s a head on him”)
6 (debts) In expressions
meaning ‘to owe’
Does arnoch chi ddim i mi You
don’t owe me anything, you don’t owe me a thing (“There is nothing on you to
me”)
Mae arnaf fi lawer o arian iddo I owe him a lot of money
Mae arna i ichi am y bwyd I owe you
for the food, I should pay you for the food
Does arna i’r un geiniog iddo I don’t owe him a penny
7 defect
(Ceredigion) celc ar = something
wrong with (but not apparent)
Mae rhyw hen gelc arno He’s a bit
odd, there’s something not quite right about him (“there is some old defect on
him”)
Mae rhyw goll arno He’s a bit odd,
He’s not all there, There’s something not quite right about him (“there is some
sort of loss / defect on him”)
8 laziness
Mae tipyn o ddiogi arno pan fo ishe gweithio’n galed
He’s a bit lazy (“there’s a bit of laziness on him) when hard
work is needed
9 (taste) Mae blas rhyfedd ar y te ’ma This tea tastes strange, This tea has a funny
taste
10
(smell)
(South Wales) gwynt smell (=
unpleasant smell)
gwynt drwg olor desagradable
Mae gwynt drwg ar ei anadl He’s got
bad breath, his breath smells (“there’s a bad smell on his breath”)
gwynt cas nasty smell, bad smell
Mae gwynt cas ar ei anadl (“there’s
a nasty smell on his breath”)
11 after verbs or verb phrases:
amneidio ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth
signal to somebody (with a nod of the head) to do something (“to nod on
somebody to do something”)
arbed ar save on = consume a smaller amount of
arbed ar fwyd save on food
arthio ar (rywun) bark at (someone);
go on at (somebody) (see also below: verbs
of warning, reprimanding, nagging)
bod gormod o floneg ar be too flabby
(“be too-much of fat on”)
brygowthan ar (rywun) go on at (somebody) (see also below: verbs of warning, reprimanding, nagging)
bwrw amheuaeth ar (rywbeth) cast
doubts on something, throw something into doubt
cael hen ddigon ar have just about enough of
(“get more than enough on”) (cael = get) + (hen = old; ‘more
than’) + soft mutation + (digon = enough) + (ar = on)
cega ar (rywun) go on at (somebody)
(see also below: verbs of warning,
reprimanding, nagging)
codi ar (rywbeth) (auction) bid for
something
codi ar (rywun) am (rywbeth) charge
somebody for
codi arian ar to mortgage
(something) (“raise money on”)
codi (rhywbeth) ar (rywun) charge
somebody for something
colli golwg ar (rywbeth) lose sight
of (something)
colli golwg ar (rywun) lose sight of
(somebody); lose touch with somebody
dal eich golygon ar stare at (“hold
your sights on”)
dwyn cyrch ar make a sortie against (“carry a raid on”)
dwyn dial (ar rywun) (am rywbeth) take revenge (on somebody) (for
something), revenge oneself (on somebody)
(for something)
gwaeddu ar (rywun) shout at
(somebody) (see also below: verbs of
warning, reprimanding, nagging)
gwneud arwydd ar rywun i wneud rhywbeth
signal to somebody (with a gesture of the hand) to do something (“make a sign
on somebody to do something”)
gwneud rhuthrad ar storm (a
building), take (a building) by a violent assault (“make an incursion on”)
hewian ar (rywun) go on at
(somebody) (see also below: verbs of
warning, reprimanding, nagging)
rhefru ar (rywun) go on at
(somebody) (see also below: verbs of
warning, reprimanding, nagging)
rhoi gormod o bwyslais ar (rywbeth) attach too much importance to (something)
rhoi prawf ar allu rhywun put
somebody through his paces (“put a test on (the) ability (of) someone”)
taflu amheuon ar cast doubts on
something, throw something into doubt
taro’ch troed ar (rywbeth) stumble
over, trip over (something) (“hit your foot on”)
12
ar ryddhâd on leave (“on
liberation”)
13 (need) Faint sydd ei angen
arnoch? How much do you need? (“(it-is) how-much its necessity onyou”)
14 gyda golwg ar with reference
to, as regards
15 (change)
Sdim newid arno He’s set in his ways
(“there’s no changing on him”)
16 there isn’t..., it isn’t possible to...
Does dim plesio arno He just can’t
be pleased, There’s no pleasing him (he’s dissatisfied whatever you do for him,
he’ll complain mo matter what you fo for him) (“there’s no pleasing on him”)
17 gwir angen real necessity
Mae arnaf fi ei wir angen I really
need it (“there-is on me its true need”)
Byddwn yn gwario arian ar bethau
nad oedd eu gwir angen arnaf
I used to spend money on things I didn’t
really need (“I spent money on things that-not there-was their true need
on-me”)
18 Does yma fawr o lun arni We’re not making a very good job of it, We’ve not managed to make a very good job of it (“there-is-not here much of (a)
picture on-her”)
19 Mae’n
dda arno fe He’s doing well
for himself (“it’s good on him”)
20
ar lawer cyfrif in many respects
ar sawl cyfrif in many respects
21 on the point of
Mae’r llygod yn gadael llong ar
suddo Rats desert a sinking
ship
22
ar dennyn on a leash
23 heb ddefnydd arno
disused
lorri heb ddefnydd arni disused
lorry
24 pall ar stopping + on
Does dim pall arno He never stops
(“there’s no stopping on him”)
25 ar yr union eiliad at
that precise moment, at that very moment
26 troi’ch trwyn ar turn
up your nose at (“turn your nose on”)
27 AR, GOLWG
barnu (rhywun) ar ei olwg judge
(somebody) by his appearance (“judge (somebody) on his appearance”)
barnu (rhywun) ar yr olwg allanol
judge (somebody) by his appearance (“judge (somebody) on the external
appearance”)
ar ei golwg hi gellwch weld you can tell by the way she looks, from
the look of her, from her look
28 does dim terfyn ar
(rywbeth) (Something) knows no bounds, is limitless
does dim terfyn ar ei haelioni His
generosity knows no bounds
29 ar gais at the request
of
ar gais taer rhywun at the urgent
request of
30 verbs of warning, reprimanding,
nagging, crying to, shouting to
gwaeddu ar (rywun) shout at (somebody)
galw ar (rywun) call to (somebody)
brygowthan ar (rywun) go on at
(somebody)
hewian ar (rywun) go on at
(somebody)
rhefru ar (rywun) go on at
(somebody)
cega ar (rywun) go on at (somebody)
arthio ar (rywun) bark at (someone);
go on at (somebody)
y bugail yn chwibanu ar ei gi the shepherd whistling to his dog
31
debt
Mae arno ddyledion i bawb He owes
everybody money (“there is on him debts to everybody”)
32 siâp (= form, shape)
Pa fath o siâp sy arno? How is he,
What shape is he in (“what kind of shape is on him”)
33 on a subject mynegi barn
ar (rywbeth) voice an opinion about (something)
traethu barn ar (rywbeth) voice an
opinion about (something)
datgan barn ar (rywbeth) voice an
opinion about (something)
34 EXTENT
ni + fawr
ar not much
Ni hoffais fawr ar y swydd honno I didn’t much like that job
Colloquially NI + fawr ddim
ar
Dw i’n deall fawr ddim ar y pwnc
hwnnw I don’t understand
that subject much
ni + dim
ond ychydig ar only a little, just a little bit
Colloquially NI + dim ond
ychydig ar only a little, just a little bit
Dw’n deall dim ond ychydig ar y
pwnc hwnnw I understand that
subject just a bit
35 gwneud
diwedd arnoch eich hun put
an end to one's life, commit suicide kill oneself
“make (an) end on yourself”) (gwneud = do, make) + (diwedd = end) + (arnoch = on you) + (eich
hun of yourself)
36 bod
arnoch gywilydd o be ashamed
of / about, feel ashamed of / about
(less idiomatic) bod gennych
gywilydd o be ashamed of /
about, feel ashamed of / about
37 codi
cywilydd ar make (somebody) feel ashamed (“raise shame on”)
38 dwyn
cywilydd ar make (somebody) feel ashamed (“bring shame on”)
39 gwneud
cywilydd ar (rywun)
CLASSICAL WELSH shame (someone)
40 gyrru cywilydd ar (rywun) shame (someone)
41 rhoi’r
gyfraith ar (rywun) take
(someone) to court, prosecute (someone)
43
on the occasion of
ar ei priodas on his marriage
Symudodd i Lan-non ar ei priodas he
moved to Llan-non on his marriage
44
on the occasion of = when there is
..a/ ar daranau “on [the occaion of] claps of thunder”
fel gafr ar daranau (adverb) agitatedly
(“like (a) goat on thunderclaps” = like a goat when there’s thunder about)
(fel = like) + (gafr = goat) + (ar = on;
on the occasion of) + soft mutation + (taranau
= claps of thunder, < taran =
clap of thunder, thunderclap)
..b/ ar dân “on [the occaion of] fire”
fel cath ar dân (adverb) like
streaked lightning
(“like (a) cat on fire” = like a cat escaping from a fire)
(fel = like) + (cath = cat) + (ar = on;
on the occasion of) + soft mutation + (tân
= fire)
45
ei fryd yn rhedeg ar be inclined towards
Ond ar y weinidogaeth y rhedodd ei fryd
yn bennaf but he was mostly inclined towards the ministry, he had his heart
set on being a minister of religion
46
marw yn gynnar ar ei fywyd die
young, die early in life
47 indicating a point in time
ar brynháwn y trydydd dydd on the
afternoon of the third day
ar fore y pedwerydd dydd on the
morning of the fourth day
47 with the root form of certain verbs
..1/ ar
agor open
(ar = on) + (agor- stem of
verb agor = to open [something], to
open [by itself])
..2/ ar dorr cut, having been cut into
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (tor-
stem of verb torri = to cut, to
break, to get broken)
cosyn ar dor a cheese which one has
started to cut up
..3/ ar
gau closed
Strictly speaking it would be spelt ar gae
(same pronunciation). Perhaps it is not used because it also
suggests ‘on a field’, whereas the spelling cau
is unambiguously ‘closing; closed’
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (cae-
stem of verb cau = to close, to be
closed)
NOTE: cau cannot be the
spelling of the root form, strictly speaking, because it is “cae-u”, where the
–u represents the verbnoun
ending. The root or stem of the verb is obtained by removing any verbnoun
suffix.
..4/ ar glo locked
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (clo-
= stem of verb cloi = to lock, to
get locked)
..5/ ar goll lost
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (coll-
= stem of verb colli = to lose, to
get lost)
..6/ ar grwydr wandering
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (crwydr-
= stem of verb crwydro = to wander)
..7/ ar wasgar dispersed, scattered
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (gwasgar-
stem of verb gwasgaru = to scatter,
disperse)
..8/ ar
wrych 1 (person) in
a bad mood 2 (hair) dishevelled
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (gwrych
stem of the verb gwrychu (=
to bristle), used as a past particple)
48 (place names) in river-name tags, similar to English on, upon (
..a/ ar Ogwr
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr “(the)
Pen-y-bont (which is) on (the river) Ogwr / Ogmore”
pen y bont = (place) at the bridge head, at the entrance to the bridge
..b/ ar Wy
Clas ar Wy “(the place called)
Clas (which is) on (the river) Gwy / Wye”
clas is from Latin [monastica] classis” (= monastic community)
Y Bontnewydd ar Wy “(the place
called) Y Bontnewydd (which is) on (the river) Gwy / Wye”
y bontnewydd (= the new bridge)
..c/ ar Wysg
Casnewydd ar Wysg “(the)
Casnewydd (which is) on (the river) Wysg / Usk”
cas newydd is from castell newydd (= new castle)
and various bridge names, where Pont has no preceding definite article, as if
the qualifying phrase with ar is a proper name as in
Pontrobert (“Robert’s bridge”), Pontwilym (“Gwilym’s bridge”).
The short form of the name though is generally ‘Y Bont’ (“the bridge”)
Pontardawe (= pont ar Dawe)
the bridge on the river Tawe
Pont ar Daf SN9819 name of a
bridge now submerged under the waters of Llwyn-on
reservoir, above Cefn-coed y Cymer.
More examples at the entry pont
49 with an element meaning hill in house
names
ALLT:
Arallt <AAR-alht> [ˡɑˑraɬt]
1 house name Y Sarn, Pwllheli (Gwynedd); south-east of Meyllteyrn
(Gwynedd); Amlwch (Ynys Môn) “hillside”
(ar = on) + (allt = hill)
BRON:
Arfron <AR-vrON> [ˡarvrɔn] “hillside”
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (bron = (round) hill, woman’s breast)
BRYN:
Arfryn <AR-vrin [ˡarvrɪn] “hillside”
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)
CRAIG:
Argraig <AR-graig> [ˡargraɪg] house
name; in Aber-soch (Gwynedd); house name in Pwllheli (Gwynedd); “on (the) crag
/ rocky ridge” (ar = on) + soft mutation + (craig = crag)
MOEL:
Arfoel <AR-voil> [ˡarvɔɪl] “hillside” house name in Diserth / Dyserth (county of Dinbych / Denbigh) (ar =
on) + soft mutation + (moel = (bare) hill)
TWYN:
Ardwyn <AR-duIN> [ˡardʊɪn] “hillside” street name in Porthtywyn
/ Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen) (ar = on) + soft
mutation + (twyn = mound, hill)
40 bod
ar drugaredd rhywun be at
somebody’s mercy
SEE:
ar agor (qv) open
ar agor (qv)
open
ar air neu
ar weithred (qv)in word or deed, by
word or by deed
ar antur
(qv) at
random, randomly
ar ben (qv) on top of; over, finished, at an end
ar bwys (qv) near
ar dân (qv) 1 on fire 2 on the breakout of a fire, at the time of
a fire (fel cath ar dân (“like (a)
cat on [the occasion of] fire” = like a cat escaping from a fire, like streaked
lightning)
(fel = like) + (cath = cat) + (ar = on;
on the occasion of) + soft mutation + (tân
= fire)
ar drugaredd (rhywun) (qv) at
the mercy of. (someone)
ar ddelw (qv) in
the image of
ar ddu a gwyn
(qv) in black and white
ar ddwy (qv) (= ar ddwywaith)
at the second attempt (“on two (times)”)
ar dennyn (qv) on a leash
ar dorr (qv)
cut, having been cut into
ar draws (qv) across
ar ei ben (qv) directly; see ar eich pen
ar eich baw (qv) (“on your dirt / shit”) gadael (rhywun) ar ei faw to leave (somebody) in the lurch, leave
somebody to sort out his own problems, leave somebody to get out of the
predicament he has got himself into (“leave somebody on his shit”)
ar eich cythlwng (qv) hungry, starving
ar eich
deudroed (qv) on foot
ar eich drwg (qv) up to no good
ar eich
eistedd seated, sitting down
ar eich elw to one’s name, in one’s possession
ar eich
ffordd (qv) on one’s way
ar eich
golwg chi (qv) from the look of you,
from your look
ar eich
gorwedd lying down
ar eich
gwaethaf (qv) in spite of yourself
ar eich hyd (qv) “on your length”, in every part of your body,
from your head to your feet
ar eich
llawn dwf (qv) fully grown (“on your
full growth”)
ar eich pen (qv) ‹outright
ar eich pen
eich hun (qv) on your own
ar eich tyfiant
(qv) ‹growing
ar ffo (qv) fleeing
ar fin (qv) on the
point of; on the edge of; (penis) erect
ar fin y
bedd (qv) between life and
death, on the point of death, with one foot in the grave, at death’s door
ar flaen (qv) at the
head of, at the front of, leading
ar frys (qv) in a hurry
Ar fy llw! (qv) I swear (it’s true, etc) (“on my oath”)
Ar fy ngwir!
(qv) I swear (it’s true, etc) (“on my
truth”)
ar gais (qv) at the request of
ar gais (qv) at the request of
ar gam (qv) unjustly
ar gamamser (qv) ‹a at the wrong time; at an inopportune moment
ar gân (qv) in verse, as a poem; rough song, singing
ar gau (qv) closed
ar gennad (qv)
(
ar glawr (qv)
in existence, existing
ar glo (qv) locked
ar goll (qv) lost
ar goll (qv)
lost
ar golled (qv)
at a loss
ar gost (qv) at the
expense of, at the cost of
ar
groesffordd (qv) at a crossroads (=
at a crucial point where a decision must be made)
ar grwydr (qv)
wandering
ar gyrn a
phibau (qv) (“on horns and pipes”)
ar gyfartaledd
(qv) on average
ar gyfer (qv) for = in preparation for
ar gynydd (qv) on the increase = gaining size
ar hast wyllt
(qv) in a mad hurry
ar her (qv) for a dare
ar herw (qv) outlawed, on the run
ar hyd (qv) ‹along
ar hyd ac ar draws (qv) in all directions, any old how, at
random
ar hyd ac ar
led (qv) all over, everywhere
ar hyd y flwyddyn
(qv) during the year
ar hyn o bryd
(qv) at the present time
ar lafar
gwlad (qv) in spoken Welsh
ar lawer cyfrif
(qv) in many respects
ar led (qv) extended
ar letraws (qv)
diagonally
ar lun a delw
(qv) in the image of (“in the shape and image of”)
ar lw (qv) oath,
sworn
ar ddeudro (qv) the
second time, with the second try (“on two turns”)
ar ddrwg (qv) up to no good
ar ddwywaith (qv) at the second attempt
ar ddydd
Gwener (qv) on a Friday, on Fridays;
= every Friday
ar derfyn dydd (qv) at close of day, at the end of the day
ar draul (qv) at the
expense of, at the cost of
ar droed (qv) (rumour, piece of news) circulating, going round
ar fechnïaeth (qv) on bail
ar ôl (qv) after
ar oleddf (qv) slanting, sloping
ar raddfa
fechan (qv) a small scale, in
miniature
ar ran (qv) on behalf of
ar ryddhâd (qv) on leave (“on liberation”)
ar sail (qv) on the basis of
ar sawl cyfrif
(qv) in many respects
ar un ochr i
(qv) on one side of
ar un wedd (qv) in one way. in one sense, from one aspect
ar unwaith (qv) at once, instantly, immediately (American: also:
in short order);
ar waelod (qv) at the bottom of; at the end of
ar wahân i (qv) ‹apart from
ar wasgar
(qv) dispersed, scattered
ar werth (qv) on sale
ar wrych (qv)
dishevelled; surly
ar y blaen (qv) ahead, at the front
ar y clwt (qv) destitute
ar y cyntaf (qv) at the beginning
ar y daith (qv) en route, in transit, on the journey
ar y diawl (qv) ‘very’ (literally: “on the devil”)
ar y dydd
a’r dydd (qv) on such and such a day,
on a certain day, some day in the week
ar y gweill (qv) being prepared, in preparation
ar y Sadwrn
a’r Sul (qv) on Saturdays and Sundays
ar yr ochr
faes i (qv) ‹on the outside of
ar yr union
eiliad (qv) at that precise moment,
at that very moment
:_______________________________.
..2 ar <AR> [ɑr] preposition
1 (obsolete) in front of, facing, adjoining. Followed by soft
mutation.
Occurs as a prefix in a number of words:
(1) araul (= sunny, pleasant); (ar) + (haul = sun)
(2) arddwrn (= wrist), (ar) + soft mutation + dwrn (= fist)
“(that which is) adjoining the hand / fist”
(3) Arfon (“(territory) facing (the
island of) Môn”)
(4) arfor (= coast; adjective =
coastal), (ar) + soft mutation + (môr = sea)
(In Brittany, the coast is known as Arvor)
(5) argoed (= wood; edge of a wood),
(ar) + soft mutation + (coed = wood)
(In Brittany, the inland area as Argoad)
(6) Arllechwedd kantrev of the
territory of Gwynedd Uwch Conwy
(ar) + soft mutation + (llechwedd = mountain slope) > *Arlechwedd > Arllechwedd
(7) *Arnemeton place facing the
sacred grove > name of a goddess Arnemetia
“of Arnemeton”, found in the name of the Roman settlement Aquae Arnemetiae (“waters (of) Arnemetia”), Buxton in Derbyshire,
England.
(The place name in modern Welsh would be *Ernyfed,
though there is no place with such a name in modern times)
ETYMOLOGY: British are-, as a prefix
in many compounds
NOTE:
(1) The prepostion ar in modern
Welsh comes from two distinct prepositions –
firstly, ar (= in front of)
and secondly, gwar (= on). This
latter is related to English over,
Latin super, Greek hiper.
(2) Most senses of modern Welsh ar
derive from gwar (= on, over) rather
than ar (= in front of)
(3) In Welsh, in common with other prepositions, gwar became soft-mutated initially
gwar > ghwar
(4) Initial gh in Welsh has
disappeared in every case. Hence ghwar
> war
(5) Later war (= on) became ar, through confusion with ar (= in front of).
The form war (= on) is stll the
regular form in Cornish and in Breton
:_______________________________.
âr <AAR> [aːr] masculine
noun
1 tilth, ploughed land
tir âr ploughland
2 cyfar joint ploughing,
co-tillage
(cyf- prefix = co-, together) + (âr = tillage)
cyfardir (obsolete) joint ploughland
3 talar headland in a
field, cross ridge at the end of a ploughed field; edge of a field where the
plough turns, and which is ploughed in turn when the whole field has been
ploughed (Scotland: headrig = headland in ploughed field)
(tâl = top, furthest part, highest
part) + (âr = ploughed land)
In the other British languages: Cornish talar
(= headland in a field), Breton talar
(= headland in a field)
ETYMOLOGY: The element ar appears in
the Welsh words aredig (= to
plough), and aradr (= plough, <
Celtic aratron)
Cf. Irish (literary word) ár (=
ploughed land)
Cf. Latin arâtrum (= plough), arâre (= to plough)
:_______________________________.
a’r ‹ar ›
1 preposition + definite article
and the
y ci a’r gath the dog and the cat
2 used in phrases of specifying whilst being unable to state an
exact time / name
y diwrnod a’r diwrnod such and such
a day
3 gadael eich ôl ar (rywbeth)
leave your mark on something
4 bod cryn le i wella ar
(rywbeth) leave a lot to be desired (“to be a considerable place to improve
on something”)
5 Ble roedden ni arni?
(in resuming a discussion, conversation) Now where were we? (“where were we on
it”)
:_______________________________.
â’r
1 with the
2 as the
bod mor fwynaidd â’r oen be as gentle as a lamb
bod mor sefydlog â’r graig be as steady as a rock
:_______________________________.
ARABIC
Arabic words in Welsh
aiatola
ayatollah
= Shiite leader, member of the religious hierarchy who has an expert knowledge of Islamic law
ETYMOLOGY: Persian < Arabic (= sign
of Allah / God) (âyat = sign) + (Allah =
God)
saffari
1 safari = hunting expedition
ETYMOLOGY: < English safari < Swahili safari (=
journey) < Arabic safariiya < safara (=
to travel)
:_______________________________.
Arab.
1 abbreviation (in a
dictionary entry)
= Arabeg Arabic
:_______________________________.
Arabeg <a-RAA-beg> [aˡrɑˑbɛg]
feminine noun
1 Arabic
Abbreviation: (in a
dictionary entry) Arab.
:_______________________________.
aradr (
1 plough
:_______________________________.
aradr eira <AA-radr / AA-rad EI-ra> [ˡɑˑradr
/ ˡɑˑrad ˡəɪra]
(masculine or feminine noun)
1 snowplough
:_______________________________.
aradwr <a-RAA-dur> [aˡrɑˑdʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL aradwyr <a-RAD-wir> [aˡradwɪr]
1 ploughman
ETYMOLOGY: (aradr = plough) + (-wr = agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
araf <AA-rav, AA-ra> [ˡɑˑrav,
ˡɑˑra] adjective
1 slow = taking a long time
to move, to go
streic araf go-slow (“slow strike”)
2 Ara’ deg piau hi Don’t get het up! Keep calm! (“very slow has it”)
:_______________________________.
Arafa Don ‹a-RAA-va DON› [aˡrɑˑva ˡdɔn]
1 Name of a hymn composed by R. S. Hughes, who was the choirmaster
of Bethesda Chapel (Congregationalists) in
2 Name of a building in
The town of
(Information from the caption to
this photo by Eric Jones http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/432313 )
ETYMOLOGY: The title is generally translated into English as “abate ye
waves” (with ye, the archaic plural form of you in English, which
place before a noun was used to express a plural imperative)
Literally the title is “abate!, sea!”
(arafa = abate! second person singular imperative of arafu =
slow down; ease, ease off; abate) + (don
= sea!)
arafa is (araf- stem of the verb arafu) + (-a
second person singular imperative ending)
The vocative form of a noun is indicated if it begins with a soft-mutable
consonant (c p t / g b d / m ll rh) by the soft mutation. Thus don, which
is from ton (= wave; sea)
:_______________________________.
arafol <ar-AA-vol> [arˡɑˑvɔl]
adjective
1 dilatory, delaying, working slowly, deliberately being slow
tacteg arafol delaying tactic
Also: ystryw oedi
ETYMOLOGY: (araf = slow) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
arafu <a-RAA-vi> [aˡrɑˑvɪ] verb
Clipped form: ’rafu
(transitive verb)
1 to slow (something) down = to make
(something) go slower
(intransitive verb)
2 to slow down = go slower
Barnwyr
Judges
3
to slow, to delay
tacteg arafu delaying tactic
4 (pain) ease off
Ydi’r boen yn arafu? Is the pain easing off?
5 (rain) ease off, slacken off
6 (heavy sea) abate
Arafa Don (qv) title of a hymn (free translation: “abate ye waves”)
7 (wind) abate, drop
arafodd y gwynt the wind dropped
:_______________________________.
ar agor <ar AA-gor> [ar ˡɑˑgɔr] (adverb)
1 open
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + (agor-
stem of verb agor = to open
[something], to open [by itself])
:_______________________________.
ar air
neu ar weithred <ar AIR nei ar
WEITH-red> [ar ˡaɪr nəɪ
ar ˡwəɪθrɛd] adverb
1 in word or deed, by word or by deed
Colosiaid
Colossians 3:17 And
whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving
thanks to God and the Father by him.
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + soft mutation + (gair = word) + (neu =
or) + (ar = on) + soft mutation + (gweithred
= deed, action)
:_______________________________.
araith <A-raith, -reth> [ˡaraɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL areithiau
<a-REITH-yai, -ye> [aˡrəɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 speech,
(USA: also spiel)
araith denau poor speech, threadbare
speech, insubstantial speech
araith gyntaf (parliament) maiden
speech
areithio be giving a speech; make a speech, deliver a speech
2 language
araith ddrwg bad language
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *arekt-
Cornish areth, Breton (Gwened) areih (= dispute)
Irish aireacht (= assembly)
NOTE: written colloquial form: areth
/ arath
:_______________________________.
arall <AA-ralh> [ˡɑˑraɬ] adjective
1 other
The plural form is eraill [EE-rilh]
2 y
rhyw arall the opposite sex
(“the other sex”)
3
y tu arall i on the other side of
(“the other side to”)
y tu arall i'r afon on the other
side of the river
4 bod mewn cae arall (“be
in another field”) be missing the point, be parking up the wrong tree
:_______________________________.
Arallt <AAR-alht> [ˡɑˑraɬt]
1 house name
..a/ Y Sarn, Pwllheli (Gwynedd)
..b/ south-east of Meyllteyrn (Gwynedd)
..c/ Amlwch (Ynys Môn)
ETYMOLOGY: “hillside” (ar = on) + (allt = hill)
:_______________________________.
aran <AA-ran> [ˡɑˑran]
1 soft mutation of garan =
crane (bird)
yr aran = the crane
pig yr aran crane’s bill (flower)
:_______________________________.
ar antur <ar AN-tir> [ar ˡantɪr] adverb
1 at random, randomly
2 cynnig ar antur shot in the dark, wild guess (“attempt at random”)
dyfaliad ar antur shot in the dark, wild guess (“guess at
random”)
3 rhoi’ch
bywyd ar antur put your life at risk
:_______________________________.
araul <AA-rail> [ˡɑˑraɪl] adjective
1 sunny
2 especially in place names in south-east Wales
Maesaraul (qv) sunny field
Gelliaraul (y gelli araul = the
sunny wood) farm in Llan-gan (county of Bro Morgannwg)
3 Y Cyfnod Araul the
Golden Age
ETYMOLOGY: araul < ár-haul (ar = before, in front of) + (haul
= sun)
NOTE: in the south-east the colloquial form is aril <AA-ril> [ˡɑˑrɪl]
:_______________________________.
arbed <AR-bed> [ˡarbɛd] verb
1 save = bring away
from danger or death
arbed rhàg angau save from death
2 arbed ar save on =
consume a smaller amount of
arbed ar fwyd save on food
3 heb arbed unrhyw gost with no expense spared
4
arbed i rywun wneud rhywbeth save
somebody the trouble of doing something (“save to somebody doing something”)
arbed i rywun y drafferth o wneud
rhywbeth save somebody the trouble of doing something (“save to somebody
the trouble of doing something”)
5 deddf arbed trafferth the law of least effort (“(the) law (of)
saving trouble”)
6
ni + arbed dim (ar wrthwynebydd) not
pull your punches (with an opponent)
(“not + save anything on an opponent”)
7 diarbed ceaseless,
relentless, unrelenting
llafurio yn ddiarbed dros (rywbeth)
work / toil relentlessly for (something)
rhyfel diarbed total war, all-out
war
(di-, negative prefix) + (arbed = to save)
:_______________________________.
ar ben <ar BEN> [ar ˡbɛn] preposition
1 on top of
Carreg ar ben carreg stone upon
stone
2 eistedd ar ben llidiart
sit on the fence, not commit oneself to one side or another in a dispute (“sit
on top of a gate”)
rhegi’r maer ar ben Alltwalis
criticise from a safe distance (“swear at the mayor on top of (the hill called)
Alltwalis”)
Alltwalis SN 4431 is a hamlet 12km
north of the town of Caerfyrddin (county of Caerfyrddin)
3 (with time)
Mae hi ar ben tri o’r gloch It’s
just turned three
(“it is on top of three o’ clock”)
4 at the end of
bod ar ben eich tennyn be at the end
of your tether
:_____________________________.
ar ben <ar BEN> [ar ˡbɛn] adv
1 over,
finished, at an end
Mae ’ngwaith i ar ben My work is finished
2 hi + bod ar ben ar (rywun) have had one's chips, be finished, be
all over (for somebody)
Mae hi ar ben arno fe, His number is
up, He's doomed, He’s done for; His days are numbered,
He's not got long to live
Mae hi ar ben arno i The game’s up
for me
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + soft mutation
+ (pen = head)
:_______________________________.
arbennig <ar-BE-nig> [arˡbɛnɪg] adjective
1 special
:_______________________________.
arbrawf, PLURAL:
arbrofion <AR-brauv,
ar-BROV-yon> [ˡarbraʊv, arˡbrɔvjɔn] feminine noun
1 test
:_______________________________.
ar bwys <ar BUIS> [ar ˡbʊɪs] (preposition)
1 near
:_______________________________.
arch, PLURAL: eirch <ARKH, EIRKH> [ˡarx, ˡəɪrx] feminine noun
1 casket (Englandic: coffin)
ărch brĕn a wooden coffin
ărch fămbŵ a bamboo coffin
arch bwmpiadwy inflatable arch
● Welsh < British < Latin arca (= chest, coffer)
:_______________________________.
arch <ARKH> [arx] verb
1 order...!; second person singular imperative form of erchi = to command, order
Sant Mathew 4: 3 Os mab Duw wyt, arch
i’r cerrig hyn fod yn fara
Saint Matthew 3: 4 If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be
bread
:_______________________________.
ărch-
(prefix)
1 arch-, main, principal
ărchdderwydd archdruid,
principal druid
ărchfărchnăd supermarket
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh arch < British *ark- < Latin *arc
< arch < Greek arkhi < arkhein (= to rule)
:_______________________________.
Arch.
1 abbreviation Archaeoleg Archaeology (as a field label in a dictionary)
:_______________________________.
archadeiladydd
<arkh-a-dei-LAA-didh> [arxadəɪˡlɑˑdɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL archadeiladwyr <arkh-a-dei-LAD-wir> [arxadəɪˡladwɪr]
1 master builder = self-employed builder who employs assistants
(In the list of subscribers to a memorial volume with the poetry of the Rhymni
poet Twynog (published in 1912), one of the subscribers in Pontlotyn is Mr. William Davies, Archadeiladydd.)
ETYMOLOGY: (arch-, prefix = arch-,
principal) + (adeiladydd = builder)
NOTE: (The Welsh Dictionary of Yr Acádemi Gymreig uses prifadeiladydd, with the prefix prif (= main, principal) instead of arch)
:_______________________________.
archaeoleg <ar-khei-OO-leg> [arxəɪˡoˑlɛg] feminine noun
1 archaeology
Abbreviation: (as a field label in a dictionary) Arch.
Ădrăn
Ărchăẹoleg Amguĕddfă Gĕnĕdlăẹthŏl
Cymru el Archaeology Department of the
national
● ARCHAEO- < English ARCHAEOLOGY,
+ Welsh suffix -EG (forms names of sciences, disciplines, languages); Late Late
Latin ARCHAEOLOGIA, < Late
Greek ARKHAIOLOGIA (= study of ancient
objects)
ARKHAIO- < ARKHAIOS old < ARKHÊ beginning; Latin -LOGIA < Greek -LOGIA
< LOGOS word < LEGEIN to speak
:_______________________________.
archangel, PLURAL: archangylion <ar-KH-angel, arkh-ang-ƏL-yon> [arˡxaŋɛl, arxaŋˡəljɔn] masculine noun
1 archangel
yr Ărchăngel Găbriel
the archangel Gabriel
● Late Latin ARCHANGELUS, < Late Greek tARKHANGELOS:
Greek (ARKH- = arch-, principal)
+ (ANGELOS = angel)
:_______________________________.
archdderwydd, PLURAL:
archdderwyddon ‹arkh DHE ruidh, arkh dhe RUI dhon› masculine noun
1 archdruid
Greek (ARKH- = arch-, principal)
+ soft mutation + (DERWYDD
= druïd)
:_______________________________.
archeb, PLURAL:
archebion ‹AR
kheb, ar KHEB yon› feminine noun
1 order
:_______________________________.
archebu ‹ar-khee-bi› verb
1 order = instruct (somebody) to supply (something)
Rhaid ei archebu wythnos ymlaen llaw
It has to be ordered a week beforehand
ffurflen archebu order form
2 order = ask to bring food
ROOT: ărchēb- (1)
THIRD PERSON SINGULAR PRESENT-FUTURE
CLASSICAL WELSH ărchēbă “orders / will
order”
COLLOQUIAL WELSH ărchēbĭff “will
order”
IMPERATIVE - SINGULAR
ărchēbă “order!”
IMPERATIVE - PLURAL
CLASSICAL WELSH ărchēbwch “order!”
COLLOQUIAL WELSH ărchēbwch “order!”
ETYMOLOGY: 1885 (archeb = order) + (-u, suffix to form verbs)
:_______________________________.
archesgob, PLURAL:
archesgobion ‹ar
KHE skob, ar khe SKOB yon› masculine
noun
1 archbishop
:_______________________________.
archfarchnad, PLURAL:
archfarchnadoedd ‹arkh VARKH nad, arkh varkh NA dodh› feminine noun
1 hypermarket
ETYMOLOGY: (arch- prefix = chief, main, principal) + soft mutation + (marchnad = market)
:_______________________________.
archwaeth ‹AR khweth› masculine
noun
1 appetite
2 difetha’ch archwaeth
spoil your appetite
ailfagu archwaeth regain one’s
appetite
3
codi archwaeth ar rywun to whet
somebody’s appetite
:_______________________________.
archwiliad, PLURAL: archwiliadau ‹ar KHWIL yad, ar khwil YA de› masculine
noun
1 investigation
:_______________________________.
arctig ‹ark -tig› adjective
1 arctic = of the North Pole
2 yr Arctig, the Arctic =
the region north of the Arctic Circle
Cefnfor yr Arctig the Arctic Ocean
helygen yr Arctig (Salix polaris)
3 arctic = coming from the North Pole or arctic region
(Meteorology) awyr arctig arctic air
4 arctic = characteristic of the weather of the North Pole, very
cold
ETYMOLOGY: English Arctic (= meaning
originally “situated under the constellation of the Great Bear) < Latin arcticus < Greek artikos (= of a bear, of bears)
Cf the Welsh word of Celtic origin arth
(= bear)
:_______________________________.
ardal ‹ar-dal› feminine noun
PLURAL ardaloedd
‹ar- da -lodh›
1 district, locality, zone
Mae ambell ddisgynnydd i Almaenwr o adeg
y rhyfel yn byw yn yr ardal hon
There are a few descendants of Germans from the war living in this area
2 district, locality, area where a certain language is spoken by a
majority
Rhaid gweithredu ar unwaith am fod yr
ardaloedd Cymraeg eu hiaith mewn perygl
We have to act at once because the Welsh-speaking areas are in danger
3 district = an area of land with set boundaries for the purposes of
administration
ardal warchod conservation area,
area in which certain building regulations are in force to preserve the its
character
4 district distinguished by a distinctive geographical feature
Ardal y Llynnoedd translation of the
English name ‘The Lake District’, a name from the 1880s for an area of
north-west England with many lakes; historically part of the Welsh territory of
Cumbria (until the year 1000 approximately)
5 district = sub-division of a town or city with or without
recognised boundaries
yr ardal Iddewig the Jewish quarter
yr Ardal Ladinaidd the Latin Quarter, southern side of the river Seine in
Paris where traditionally artists and students live
6 district = sub-division of a county with or without recognised
boundaries
yn ardal Tregaron in the Tregaron area (of the county of Ceredigion)
7 mewn llawer ardal in
many districts, in many areas, in many places
Mewn llawer ardal yn awr y mae Cymraeg
yn iaith y rhieni, a Saesneg yn iaith y plant.
In many places now Welsh is the language of the parents and English the
language of the children
8 area, district = the people who live in an area or district
yr holl ardal the whole area, all
the area = everybody in the area
Yn y pentre preswyliai gwr o’r enw Harri
Harri - Harri Ddwywaith y gelwid ef gan yr holl ardal
In the village there lived a man called Harri Harri - he was called Harri
Ddwywaith (= twice over) by everybody in the area
9 ardal gweithiau alcam
stannery (“district (of) tinworks”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on, in front of,
facing) + soft mutation + (tâl =
forehead, place at the end)
:_______________________________.
Ardal-y-coed ‹ar-dal ə kooid› feminine
noun
1 place in
Merch hoff Mr Richard a Mrs Jane Morgan,
Garrison Grove, diweddar o Ardal-y-Coed, ger Dodgeville, Wis(consin), gynt o
Rhywlas ‹sic, = Rhiw-las›, plwyf Cilcenin ‹= Cilcennin›, Swydd Aberteifi. (page 234 Cyfaill
o’r Hen Wlad, 1873)
(she was) the dear daughter of Mr Richard and Mrs Jane Morgan, Garrison Grove,
late of Ardal-y-Coed, near Dodgeville, Wis(consin), formerly of Rhiw-las,
parish of Cilcennin, county of Aberteifi (= Cardiganshire)
ETYMOLOGY: “area (of) the woods” (ardal
= area) + (y = the) + (coed = wood, woods)
:_______________________________.
+ardd Soft-mutated form -
the radical form has initial g-.
See gardd =
:_______________________________.
ardd.
1 Abbreviation (in
a dictionary entry): = arddodiad, -iaid
:_______________________________.
ar ddangos <ar-DHANG-gos> [arˡðaŋgɔs] adverb
1 on show, on display =
placed (goods for sale, works of art etc) in a place to show them to the public
gya
ETYMOLOGY: (ar preposition = on) + soft mutation + (dangos, root of the
verb dangos = to show)
:_______________________________.
arddangos <ar-DHANG-gos> [arˡðaŋgɔs] (v)
1 show, display
ETYMOLOGY: (ar intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (dangos = to show)
:_______________________________.
arddangosfa, PLURAL:
arddangosféydd <ar-dhang-GOS-va,-ar-dhang-gos-VEIDH> [arðaŋˡgɔsva, arðaŋgɔsˡvəɪð] feminine noun
1 exhibition
:_______________________________.
arddegol <ar-DHEE-gol> [arˡðeˑgɔl] adjective
1 teenage
ETYMOLOGY: semi-calque on English ‘teenage’, from ar ddeg which appears in the age numbers 13 (tair ar ddeg oed ‘three on ten (of) age’ ) and 14 (pedair ar ddeg oed ‘four on ten (of)
age’ ), but refers, as in English ‘teen’, to ages between 13-19; + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
arddel <AR-dhel> [ˡarðɛl] verb
1 claim as one’s own
2 diarddel
(rhywun / rhywbeth) disown, repudiate (somebody, something)
gwrthod arddel (rhywun / rhywbeth)
disown, repudiate (somebody, something)
:_______________________________.
ar ddelw <ar DHEE-lu> [ar
ˡðeˑlʊ] preposition
1 in the image of
Genesis 9:6 A dywallto waed dyn,
trwy ddyn y tywelltir ei waed yntau, oherwydd ar ddelw DUW y gwnaeth efe ddyn.
Genesis 9:6 Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by
man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.
ETYMOLOGY:
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (delwedd = image)
:_______________________________.
ardderchog ‹ar-DHER-khog› [arˡðɛrxɔg] adjective
1 excellent, splendid,
tiptop
cael hwyl ardderchog have a fantastic time, have a really good time, have a great time
2 (exclamation) ardderchog! great! fantastic! champion! excellent!
3 ardderchog o (+ adjective) really
Mae'n bryd ardderchog o flasus, It’s a really
tasty meal
4 (adverb) yn ardderchog excellently
Gei di weld y gweithith y plan yn
ardderchog You’ll see that the paln will work excellently
ETYMOLOGY:
(ar- intensifying
suffix) + soft mutation + (derch) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives).
The element derch (from Celtic < Indoeuropean *derk) (= to see) is the same as “drych” in drych (= mirror), edrych (= to look).
Irish has dearc (= look)
:_______________________________.
ar ddeudro <ar DHEI-dro> [ar ˡðəɪdrɔ]
adverb
1 the second time, with the second try (“on two turns”)
Fe wnaeth e hi ar ddeudro Hi managed
it the second time
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = two ) + soft
mutation + (deudro = twice).
:_______________________________.
+arddio Soft-mutated form
- the radical form has initial g-.
See garddio =
:_______________________________.
arddlunio Soft-mutated form - the radical form has initial g-.
See garddlunio =
:_______________________________.
arddluniwr Soft-mutated form - the radical form has initial g-.
See garddluniwr =
:_______________________________.
ar ddrwg <ar DHRUUG> [ar ˡðruːg]
1 up to no good
bod ar ddrwg be up to no good, be
bent on mischief
mynd ar ddrwg go to do some mischief
Exodus 32:22 A dywedodd Aaron, Nac enynned digofaint fy arglwydd: ti a
adwaenost y bobl, mai ar ddrwg y maent.
Exodus 32:22 And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou
knowest the people, that they are set on mischief.
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + soft mutation
+ (drwg = evil)
NOTE: also: ar eich drwg
:_______________________________.
ar ddu a gwyn <ar DHII a GWIN> [ar ˡðiː
a ˡgwɪn] prepositional phrase
1 in black and white
:_______________________________.
arddun <AR-dhin> [ˡarðɪn] adjective
1 (obsolete) fair, beautiful; magnificent, grand
ETYMOLOGY: According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru /
(1) -iûn- is related to the obsolete
verb uno (= to wish, to desire),
originally iuno.
This loss of the initial i is
to be seen in another obsolete word udd (=
lord), originally iudd, which
is to be seen in names from the early period such as udd as a final syllable Gruffudd,
Maredudd; and id- as
an initial syllable Idwal, Idnerth, etc
(2) A related word with the element iûn-
is eidduno (= to wish, desire).
Also Eiddun (a woman’s name), from
British *ad-iûn-, or with the
elements as they would appear in Welsh (add-
+ iun-), maybe with the sense
‘desirable, desired, wished-for’.
There is a written instance of the British name – it is found in an inscription
as Adiune on a stone built into the
modern parish church at Ystradgynlais. Presumably it represents the form “Adiunae” = (“(the stone) of Adiuna”).
It is said to date from the 400s or early 500s
(3) The meaning of arddun seems to
have been influenced by other words similar in form or sound suggesting
‘beauty’ or ‘grandeur’, such as ardd
(= high), hardd (= beautiful), addurn (= adornment).
:_______________________________.
arddunedd ‹ar-dhii-nedh› masculine noun
1 grandeur, magnificence, splendour
Tynnwyd llygaid Tomos a Gwen drachefn at
arddunedd y mynyddoed mawr,
lle teyrnasai’r Wyddfa
Tomos and Gwen’s eyes were drawn again to the magnificence of the great
mountains, where Yr Wyddfa (
Fry esgyn i’w aur-orsedd
Wna’r haul trwy borth arddunedd -
Teyrnasa mewn rhwysgfawredd
Ar forau Haf (Mynydau Hamddenol: Ail Lyfr Nathan Wyn. 1905. Tudalen 70)
Up yonder the sun rises to its throne of gold through the gate of splendour. It
reigns in ostentation on summer mornings
ETYMOLOGY: (arddun = beautiful;
magnificent) + (-edd suffix for
forming abstract nouns). First example according to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru /
:_______________________________.
arddwrn ‹AR dhurn› masculine
noun
1 wrist
band arddwrn pl. bandiau arddyrnau wristband (eg for
identifying hospital patients)
2 nes penelin nag arddwrn ‹nes pe NE lin nag AR dhurn› blood is thicker than water
(“the elbow is nearer (to the heart) than the wrist”)
In some districts arddwrn has been
mistaken for a soft-mutated form, and a radical form garddwrn is used
:_______________________________.
ar ddwy ‹ar dhui › adverb
1 (= ar ddwywaith) at the
second attempt (“on two (times)”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = two ) + soft
mutation + (dwy = two (times)).
:_______________________________.
+arddwr Soft-mutated form
- the radical form has initial g-.
See garddwr =
:_______________________________.
arddwriaeth Soft-mutated form - the radical form has initial g-.
See garddwriaeth =
:_______________________________.
arddwriaethol
Soft-mutated form - the radical form has initial g-.
See garddwriaethol =
:_______________________________.
ar ddwywaith ‹ar dhui -weth› adverb
1 at the second attempt
Fe gododd y sach ar ddwywaith He
lifted the sack the second time he tried
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = two ) + soft
mutation + (dwywaith = twice).
:_______________________________.
ar ddydd Gwener
‹ar dhiidh GWEE ner›
1 on a Friday, on Fridays; = every Friday
:_______________________________.
ar dennyn ‹ar
de-nin ›
1 on a leash
:_______________________________.
ar derfyn dydd
‹ar der-vin diidh › adverb
1 at close of day, at the end of the day
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + soft mutation
+ (terfyn = end) + (dydd = day)
:_______________________________.
ar dorr
‹ar DOR› adverb
1 cut, having been cut into
cosyn ar dor a cheese which one has
been cut into
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + (torr-
stem of verb torri = to cut, to
break, to get broken)
:_______________________________.
ar draul ‹ar DRAIL› preposition
1 at the expense of, at the cost of
2 ar
draul ei einioes at the cost
of his life
ar draul ei fywyd at the cost of his life
:_______________________________.
ar draws ‹ar DRAUS› (preposition)
1 across
2 siarad
ar draws pen a chlustiau talk
the hind legs off a donkey (“talk across
head and ears”)
:_______________________________.
ardreth ‹ar-dreth› feminine noun
PLURAL ardrethi
‹ar-dree-thi›
1 (obsolete) rent
2 (obsolete) income, revenue
ETYMOLOGY: (ar- = intensifying
prefix) + soft mutation + (treth =
tax)
:_______________________________.
ar droed ‹ar droid› adverbi
1
(rumour, piece of news) circulating, going round
mae rhyw si
ar droed bod... there’s a rumour going round that..., it’s rumoured that...
ma' rhyw newydd ar droed bod...
there’s news going round that...
:_______________________________.
Ardudwy ‹ar DI dui› feminine
noun
1 region in the north-west – a kántrev divided into two kúmmuds - Uwch
Arto ‘district above the river Artro’, and Is Artro ‘district below
the river Artro’
..
(delwedd 7377)
:_______________________________.
Ardwyn ‹AR-duin›
1 street name in
Porthtywyn /
ETYMOLOGY: “hillside”
(ar = on) + soft mutation + (twyn = mound, hill)
:_______________________________.
ardyfiant ‹ ar- dəv -yant›
m
PLURAL ardyfiannau ‹ ar-dəv- ya -ne›
1
excrescence = protruberance; outgrowth on a part of the body or an organ of the
body
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + soft mutation
+ (tyfiant = growth)
:_______________________________.
ardystio ‹ar-dəsr-yo› verb
1 certify
2 take the pledge = promise to abstain from alcohol
ardystio i fod yn llwyr-ymatalwr
take the pledge to be a teetotaller
Af adref gyda’m priod, ardystiaf nos
yfory, a chadwaf ef hyd fy medd
(Gwenith Gwyn / ap Tobit / 1913 tudalen 117)
I’ll go home with my wife, I’ll take the pledge tomorrow night, and I’ll keep
it until my grave
Dychwelasom yn ol i Granville, lle
nodedig am gyfleusterau crefyddol. Tranoeth, am 2, mewn Ysgoldŷ Cerrig ar Fryniau
y Cymry, cynhaliwyd cyfarfod Dirwestol. Cawd yno gyfarfod hynod o hwylus. Yr
oedd y rhan fwyaf o’r gynulleidfa wedi ardystio cyn hyny. Ardystiodd amrai y
pryd hwnw hefyd. Mewn Cyfarfod yn Granville, ychydig ddiwrnodiau cyn hyny,
ardystiodd 194 i fod yn Llwyr-ymattalwyr, a 23 yn Gymedrolwyr. (Y Cyfaill
o’r Hen Wlad yn America, Cyfrol 3, 1840, tudalen 140)
We returned to Granville, a notable place for religious facilities. The
following day, a temperance meeting was held at two in a stome schoolhouse on
the Welsh Hills. It was a remarkably
lively meeting. The majority of the
audience had taken the pledge beforehand. Some also took the pledge then too.
In a meeting in Granville, some days before that, 194 took the pledge to be
teetotal, and 23 to be moderate drinkers.
ETYMOLOGY: (ar- = intensifying
prefix) + soft mutation + (tystio =
to witness)
:_______________________________.
aredig ‹a RE dig› verb
1 to plough
:_______________________________.
ar ei ben ‹ar ii ben › adverb
1 directly; see ar eich pen
:_______________________________.
ar eich baw ‹ar əkh bau ›
1 (“on your dirt / shit”)
gadael (rhywun) ar ei faw to leave
(somebody) in the lurch, leave somebody to sort out his own problems, leave
somebody to get out of the predicament he has got himself into (“leave somebody
on his shit”)
:_______________________________.
ar eich cythlwng
‹ar əkh kəth -lung ›
1 hungry, starving
yr wyf (i) ar fy nghythlwng I’m
hungry
yr wyt (ti) ar dy gythlwng you’re
hungry
y mae (ef) ar ei gythlwng he’s hungry
y mae (hi) ar ei chythlwng she’s
hungry
yr ydym (ni) ar ein cythlwng we’re
hungry
yr ydych (chi) ar eich cythlwng
you’re hungry
y maent (hwy) ar eu cythlwng they’re
hungry
Ni byddai un ohonynt yn cael mynd ymáith
ar ei gythlwng
Not one of them would be
allowed to leave without having a bite to eat
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + (eich = your) + (cythlwng = hunger)
:_______________________________.
ar eich deudroed
‹ar əkh dei-droid› adverb
1 mynd ar eich deudroed
walk it, go by Shanks’s pony, walk because there is no other way of going – no
bike, car, horse, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = your) + (deudroed = two feet).
:_______________________________.
ar eich drwg ‹ar əkh druug›
1 up to no good
Mae’r brain ar ’u drwg heddiw eto
The crows are up to no good again today
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = your) + (eich = your) + (drwg = badness).
:_______________________________.
ar eich eistedd
‹ar əkh ei -stedh› adv
1 seated, sitting down
aros ar eich eistedd remain seated
2 said of something considered easy to do
gallu gwneud rhywbeth ar eich eistedd
do something with your hands tied behind your back, do it blindfold (“be able
to do something sitting down”)
”Gallaf wneud hyn ar f’eistedd,"
meddai gan wenu
“I can do this as easy as anything,” he said with a smile
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + (eich = your) + (eistedd = sit, sitting)
:_______________________________.
ar eich elw
1 bod gennych (rywbeth) ar
eich elw be to one’s name, have in one’s possession
ni + bod gennych ond (rywbeth) ar eich
elw have only (something) to one’s name
Nid oedd ganddo ond pumpunt ar ei elw
He had no more than five pounds to his name
2
bod ar eich elw be better off
Wedyn clywasom farn werthwr tai a thir
am y Mewnlifiad i’r Broydd Cymraeg. Mynnodd hwnnw ein bod ni’r Cymry ar ein helw
yn sylweddol o’i herwydd
After we heard the viewpoint of an estate agent to the Influx (of rich English
settlers) to the Welsh areas. He maintained that we the Welsh were far better
off because of it
3 bod ar eich elw o be
better off to the tune of, richer by (a specified amount)
Roeddwn i ar ’yn elw o fil o bunnau
I was one thousand pounds better off
ETYMOLOGY: ‘on your gain’ (ar = on)
+ (eich = your) + (elw = profit, gain)
ar eich golwg chi ‹ar əkh GOO-lug khi›
1 from the look of you, from your look
:_______________________________.
ar eich gorwedd ‹ar əkh GOR-wedh›
1 lying
2 (gravestone) lying flat, not standing
Yno bu maen ar ei orwedd ryw ddeng llath
o ddrws yr eglwys
There was a flat gravestone there about ten yards from the church door
3 syrthio ar eich gorwedd
fall flat on your back
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + (eich = your) + (gorwedd = lie, lying)
:_______________________________.
ar eich gwaethaf
‹ar əkh gwei -tha›
1 in spite of yourself
bod wedi eich denu at rywbeth ar eich
gwaethaf be irresistibly attracted to something (“be after your attracting
towards something on your worst”)
ETYMOLOGY: (ar = on) + (eich = your) + (gwaethaf = the worst)
:_______________________________.
ar eich hyd ‹ar əkh hiid›
1 “on your length”
bod ofn arnoch ar eich hyd be very
afraid (“be fear on you on your length” - from top to bottom, all your length)
:_______________________________.
ar eich pen ‹ar əkh pen› adverb
1 heb ddweud rhywbeth ar ei ben
in not so many words, without saying it outright, without spelling it out
“without saying something directly / on its head”
2 gwrthodiad ar ei ben
flat refusal
3 gwadu rhywbeth ar ei ben
completely deny something
:_______________________________.
ar eich pen eich
hun ‹ar əkh PEN əkh HIIN› adverb
1 on your own
2 by yourself, all by
yourself
Mae’n diffodd ar ei ben ei hun (piece of electrical equipment) It switches
itself off, It goes off by itself
:_______________________________.
ar eich ffordd
‹ar əkh fordh› adverb
1 on one’s way
Lawer bore roeddwn ar fy ffordd am wyth
o’r gloch
Many mornings I was on my way at eight o’ clock
:_______________________________.
ar eich llawn dwf
‹ar əkh lhaun duuv ›
1 fully grown (“on your full growth”)
:_______________________________.
ar eich tyfiant
‹ar i DƏV yant› prepositional
phrase
1 growing
:_______________________________.
areithio ‹ a- reith -yo› v
1 speak
= make a speech, make speeches; speechify
ETYMOLOGY: (areith- stem of araith = speech) (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)
:_______________________________.
areithiau ‹ a- reith -ye›
plural, feminine noun
1 speeches;
plural form of araith
ETYMOLOGY: (areith- stem of arai