kimkat2802e A Welsh to
English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar
fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.
16-09-2020
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gwi-
1 Sometimes the g is a
soft mutation of c, and the radical form of the word is with cwi-
yn gwic (= quickly) < cwic
(= quick)
:_______________________________.
gwialen, gwiail <gwi-AA-len> [gwɪˡɑˑlɛn]
PLURAL: <GWI-ail (GWI-el)> gwiail [ˡgwiˑaɪl, ˡgwiˑɛl] (f)
1 rod = long thin straight stick
y wialen the rod
2 switch = rod, cane for goading an animal
3 rod = sceptre, emblem of authority; ceremonial
staff held by a monarch as a symbol of authority (USA: sceptre)
Bible, Psalm 110.2 teyrnwialen (=
sceptre); (teyrn = monarch) + soft mutation + (gwialen = scpetre)
4 rod = instrument of punishment
gwialen fedw a birch; birching rod
5 rod = slender pole for
fishing.
SEE gwialen
bysgota, gwialen enweirio
6
penis
gwialen march (South Wales) stallion's penis
gwialen gŵr man’s penis
7
(basketwork) osier
helygen wiail (helyg gwiail) (Salix viminalis)
osier willow or water willow
8 magic wand
trawodd y dewin y garreg â'i
wialen
the sorcerer struck the stone with his wand
NOTE: (South-east Wales) gialen, ialen, gielin (North-west Wales) gwialam (district of Dwyfor), gialam
(district of Penllyn), gialen, ialen
:_______________________________. gwialen a phastwn
1 literally: rod and club, rod and staff
llywodraethu drwy nerth gwialen a phastwn to govern / to rule by brute
force (“govern through (the) strength (of) rod and club / staff”)
Ym more amser, wele'r brenin ar ei orsedd
drwy'r unig hawl -
ei fod yn fab i'w dad, ac yn llywodraethu drwy nerth gwialen a phastwn
t47 Seneddwr ar Dramp Rhys J Davies 1935
At the dawn of time, (“see the king”) you have the king on his throne (“through
the only right”) through a sole right – that he is the son of his father, and
to ruling by brute force
ETYMOLOGY: (gwialen
= rod) + (a = and) + spirant mutation + (pastwn = cudgel, club,
staff)
:_______________________________.
gwialen bysgota,
gwiail pysgota <gwi-AA-len bə-SKO-ta,
GWII-ail pə-SKO-ta, GWII-el...> [gwɪˡɑˑlɛn
bəˡskɔta, ˡgwiˑaɪl / ˡgwiˑɛl pəˡskɔta] (f)
1
fishing rod
ETYMOLOGY: “rod (for) fishing” (gwialen = rod) + soft mutation + (pysgota
= to fish, to go fishing)
:_______________________________.
gwialen ddewinio (f) <gwi-AA-len dde-WIN-yo> [gwɪˡɑˑlɛn
ðɛˡwinjɔ]
PLURAL: gwialenni
/ gwiail dewinio <gwi-a-LE-ni / GWII-ail / GWII-el de-WIN-yo
> [gwɪaˡlɛnɪ / ˡgwiˑaɪl
/ ˡgwiˑɛl dɛˡwinjɔ)]
1 dowsing rod
ETYMOLOGY: “rod (of) fishing” (gwialen = rod) + soft mutation + (dewinio
= divine, prophesy, bewitch)
:_______________________________.
gwialen dryll (f)
<gwi-AA-len DRILH> [gwɪˡɑˑlɛn
drɪɬ]
PLURAL: gwialenni
/ gwiail dryllau <gwi-a-LE-ni / GWII-ail / GWII-el DRØLH-ai
/ DRØLH-e> [gwɪaˡlɛnɪ / ˡgwiˑaɪl
/ gwiˑɛl drəɬaɪ
/ drəɬɛ]
1 ramrod
ETYMOLOGY: “rod (of) (a) gun”, “gunstick” (gwialen = rod) + (dryll = gun)
NOTE: Not in Geiriadur yr Acádemi Gymraeg, which
has ffon wthio (“stick (for) pushing”)
:_______________________________.
gwialen enweirio
(f) <gwi-AA-len en-WEIR-yo> [gwɪˡɑˑlɛn
ɛnˡwəirjɔ]
PLURAL: gwialenni
/ gwiail genweirio <gwi-a-LE-ni / GWII-ail / GWII-el
gen-WEIR-yo> [gwɪaˡlɛnɪ
/ ˡgwiˑaɪl / gwiˑɛl gɛnˡwəirjɔ]
1
fishing rod
ETYMOLOGY: “rod (of) fishing” (gwialen
= rod) + soft mutation + (genweirio = to fish (with a fishing rod))
:_______________________________.
gwialen fedw (f) (f) <gwi-AA-len VEE-dw> [gwɪˡɑˑlɛn
ˡ ɑˑlɛn veˑdʊ]
PLURAL: gwialenni
/ gwiail bedw <gwi-a-LE-ni / GWII-ail / GWII-el BEE-du
> [gwɪaˡlɛnɪ / ˡgwiˑaɪl
/ gwiˑɛl beˑdʊ]
1 birch rod (used in
punishment)
Rhoi'r las onnen i ebol a'r wialen fedw i blentyn
Llafar Gwlad 10 1986
give the green ash (a rod from a sapling ash tree) to a colt and a birch rod to
the child
(said of ways to discipline through force)
ETYMOLOGY: “rod (of) birch” (gwialen = rod) + soft mutation + (bedw (attributive noun)
= birch; bedw (noun) = birch trees)
:_______________________________.
gwialenffust (f) <gwi-a-LEN-fust>
[gwɪaˡlɛnfɪst]
PLURAL: gwialenffustiau
<gwi-a-len-FIST-yai, -ye> [gwɪalɛnˡfɪstjaɪ
/ -jɛ]
1 flail = an implement used for threshing grain.
It has a wooden handle to which is attached a free-swinging metal bar or wooden
bar
In mid-Wales as lemffust
gwialenffust > (through apheresis) ’lenffust > (assimilation
of n to the following f) lemffust
ETYMOLOGY: “rod + flail” (gwialen = rod) + (ffust = flail)
:_______________________________.
gwialennod (f) <gwi-a-LEN-od>
[gwɪaˡlɛnɔd]
PLURAL: gwialenodiau
<gwi-a-len-OD-yai, -ye> [gwɪalɛnˡɔdjaɪ
/ -jɛ]
1 switch = application of a switch, blow with a
rod or cane
ETYMOLOGY: (gwialen
> gwialenn- = rod) + (-od suffix indicating a blow with some
implement)
:_______________________________.
gwialffust (f) <gwi-AL-fust>
[gwɪ ˡalfɪst]
PLURAL: gwialffustiau
<gwi-al-FIST-yai, -ye> [gwɪalˡfɪstjaɪ
/ -jɛ],
gwialffustau <gwi-al-FIST-ai,
-e> [gwɪalˡfɪstaɪ / -ɛ] 1 flail = an implement used for threshing grain.
It has a wooden handle to which is attached a free-swinging metal bar or wooden
bar
ETYMOLOGY: “rod + flail” (gwial-, root of gwialen = rod) + (ffust = flail)
NOTE: In South Wales as gielffust and ielffust
:_______________________________.
gwialgur (m) <gwi-AL-gir> [gwɪˡalgɪr]
PLURAL: gwialguriau
<gwi-al-GIR-yai, -ye> [gwɪalˡgɪrjaɪ
/ -jɛ],
1 gauntlet = military
punishment, in which an offender is made to remove clothing from his torso and
run between two rows of soldiers who beat him with birch rods or ropes
ETYMOLOGY: “rod + flail” (gwial-, root of gwialen = rod) + soft mutation + (cur
= beating)
:_______________________________.
gwiall (f) <GWII-alh> [gwiˑaɬ]
1 (North-east Wales - Dinbych, yr Wyddgrug) a
local form of bwyall (= axe)
:_______________________________.
gwiall (Gal·les del North-west Wales)
1 (North-west Wales) a local form of gwaëll (=
knitting needle)
:_______________________________.
gwib
<GWIIB> [ˡgwiːb] (f)
PLURAL: gwibiau <GWIB-yai,
-ye> [ˡgwɪbjaɪ / -jɛ],
1
rapid movement, sudden
movement, darting movement, dash, sprint, whizz
y wib the dash, the rapid movement
gwib gan medr a one-hundred meter dash, a
one-hundred meter sprint
2
seren wib shooting star
:_______________________________.
gwibdaith <GWIB-daith> [ˡgwɪbdaɪθ] (f)
PLURAL: gwibdeithiau
<gwib-DEITH-yai,
-ye> [gwɪbˡdəɪθjaɪ,
-jɛ]
1 excursion, outing; short two-way trip to a
place for sightseeing or relaxation
y wibdaith the excursion
Rydym hefyd wedi darparu gwibdaith i set
“Pobl y Cwm” i ddysgwyr y Sir
We have also provided / organised / arranged a trip to the set (of the TV
program / programme) “Pobl y Cwm” for learners (of Welsh) in this county
ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- [gwi:b] = stem of gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) + soft mutation + (taith = journey)
:_______________________________.
gwibddu (adj)
1 dusky, swarthy
2 Gwibddu stream name, Bleddfach
:_______________________________.
gwiber <GWII-ber> [ˡgwiˑbɛr] (f)
PLURAL: gwiberod
<gwi-BEE-rod> [ˡgwɪbeˑrɔd]
1
viper = poisonous snake of genus Viperae
y wiber the viper
Eseia 11:7 Y fuwch hefyd a’r arth a
borant ynghyd; eu llydnod a gydorweddant; y llew, fel yr ych, a bawr wellt
(11:8) A’r plentyn sugno a chwery wrth
dwll yr asb; ac ar ffau y wiber yr estyn yr hwn a ddiddyfnwyd ei law
Isaiah 11:7 And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie
down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. (11:8) And the sucking child shall
play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the
cockatrice’ den.
2 Vipera berus viper =
poisonous Northern Eurasian snake
3 scoundrel,
rogue, treacherous person
coleddu gwiber yn eich mynwes nourish a viper in your bosom (=
protect a person who turns out to be treacherous)
4 shrew; bad-tempered,
scolding woman
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh <
British < Latin vîpera (= viper);
Breton naer-wiber (= viper) (“(a)
snake (which is a) viper”);
Cf English [váipə(r)] viper
(= viper)
Cf English {wáivərn} wyvern (= mythological winged snake)
< (wyver) + (excrescent -n); < Norman wivre < Latin vîpera
:_______________________________.
gwiberaidd (adj)
1 viperous = pertaining to vipers
2 viperous = malignant, spiteful
:_______________________________.
gwiberlys
1 Echium vulgare, viper's bugloss, blueweed
:_______________________________.
gwibfaen <GWIB-vain> [ˡgwɪbvaɪn] (m)
PLURAL: gwibfeini
<gwib-VEI-ni> [gwɪbˡvəɪnɪ]
1
meteorite
ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- = stem of gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) +
soft mutation + (maen = stone)
:_______________________________.
gwibffordd <GWIB-fordh> [ˡgwɪbforð] (f)
PLURAL: gwibffyrdd
<GWIB-firdh> [ˡgwɪbfɪrð]
1 expressway = road similar to a motorway
y wibffordd the expressway
Gwibffordd y Gogledd North
Wales Expressway “(the) expressway (of) the North”
Mae rhaid creu gwibffyrdd modern rhwng y
de a’r gogledd
We have to create modern expressways between the north and the south
ETYMOLOGY: (gwib- stem of gwibio = flit, dart, zoom, whoosh) +
soft mutation + (ffordd = road); the
word is based on English expressway
:_______________________________.
gwib-hedeg
1 flutter
:_______________________________.
gwibio <GWIB-yo> [ˡgwɪbjɔ] (verb)
1 (vi), flit, dart, run to and fro, fly to
and fro, nip, shoot (= move nimbly and quickly); career = move rapidly zoom,
whoosh
Gwibiai'r adar mân drwy frigau’r berth The little birds flitted through
the branches of the hedge
2 wander, ramble
:_______________________________.
gwibiog (adj)
1 flitting, fleeting
2 unsettled, flighty
:_______________________________.
gwiblong (f)
PLURAL: gwiblongau
1 cruiser = warship to protect merchant ships, attack enemy ships
:_______________________________.
gwiblu <GWIB-li> [ˡgwɪblɪ] (m)
PLURAL: gwibluoedd
<gwib-LII-oidh
-odh> [gwɪbˡliˑɔɪð -ɔð] (South-east Wales)
1 vagrants, tramps
castell y gwiblu place of lodging for vagrants “(the) castle
(of) the vagrants”
ETYMOLOGY: “group which gads about” (gwib-
stem of gwibio = to wander, to gad
about; to flit, to dart,) + soft mutation + (llu = group of people)
However, this word (which seems a very unlikely word on the face of it),
appears first in William Owen Pughes Dictionary in 1800
gwiblu A band of vagrants, a strolling company,
along with
gwibli A state of wandering, or gadding. To this he adds
Castell gwibli, the castle of vagrancy, an appelation for such houses as
keep beds to receive strollers of various descriptions, who would not be
admitted into houses in general.
He tags this entry as Sil., that is Silurian, or south-eastern Welsh.
In fact, it probably is the place name Castell Weble (Weobly Castle) in the Gŵyr
Peninsula, rather than a word gwiblu.
John Hobson Matthews (Mab Cernyw) in 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) notes a
place called Crofft Castell y Gwiblu in Lecwydd:
CROFFT-CASTELL-Y-GWIBLU "Croft Castle Gwibley" (the croft of
the castle of the vagrant band.) A field in the parish of Leckwith (1760.)
In 'Addenda and corrigenda', in Volume 3 of Cardiff Records
(1901) he includes the following note:
Mr. J. S. Corbett writes thus to the Archivist, under date 10 August
1901:—"In the second volume of the 'Cardiff Records,' p. 211, it is stated
that a milkmaid was killed by a bull at Croft Castle Gwibley, Leckwith, in
1760. I remember being told when in the neighbourhood of the place, about 30
years ago, that bulls in the fields there were reputed to get very savage, and
that a person was once killed by one there. . . . . As to Castle Gwibley
itself, though there are some slight remains at the place, I do not think any
building of importance is likely to have existed there. There are no records or
notice of such in the Leckwith manorial documents, so far as I have observed.
Weobly Castle, in Gower, was formerly called Castle Gwebley and was at one time
(temp. Eliz.) owned by the Earls of Pembroke, also Lords of Leckwith;
but I cannot suggest any reason for giving the name to what was probably little
more than a cottage in Leckwith."
:_______________________________.
gwibwrn (m)
PLURAL: gwibyrnau
1 spinning round
pendro wibwrn (y bendro wibwrn)
gwyllt wibwrn / gwyllt wibwr
:_______________________________.
gwiced (f)
PLURAL: gwicedau
1 wicket gate
:_______________________________.
gwich <GWIIKH> [gwiːx] (f)
PLURAL: gwichiau
<GWIKH-ye> [ˡgwɪxjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
(mouse) squeak
y wich the squeak
gwich fain a shrill squeak
2
(wheel) squeak, creak
ETYMOLOGY: Imitation.
Breton has gwic’h (= wailing,
squeaking)
:_______________________________.
gwichal <GWII-khal> [ˡgwiˑxal] verb
South-west Wales
1 squeak
ETYMOLOGY: (gwich = squeak) + (-al suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwichen
1 See: gwichiedyn
:_______________________________.
gwichiad <GWIKH-yad> [ˡgwɪxjad]
PLURAL: gwichiadau <gwikh-YAA-dai, -de> [gwɪxˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
:_______________________________.
gwichiad <GWIKH-yad> [ˡgwɪxjad] (m)
PLURAL: gwichiaid <GWIKH-yaid> [ˡgwɪxjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1 periwinkle
casglu gwichiaid gather periwinkles
Pwllygwichiad ‹pulh-ə-GWIKH-yad› [ˌpʊɬ ə ˡgwɪxjad] “(the) pool
(of) the periwinkle”, “periwinkle pool” (pwll = pool) + (y =
definite article) + (gwichiad = periwinkle)
A former
farm in what is now the centre of Llandudno, said to be where the Woolworth’s
shop (2008-12-31) in Ffordd Mostyn / Mostyn Street now is, and the area towards
Rhodfa’r De / South Parade.
The farm was the birthplace of the artist Hugh Hughes (1790 – 1860, Great
Malvern, England)
2 gwichiaid dish of periwinkles
fried in pig lard and eggs, mixed together
3 gwichiad moch (m) gwichiaid moch (“periwinkle (of) pigs”)
whelk
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British <
Celtic, probably based on *weik (= to fold, to turn).
Folk etymology connects the word with gwichian (= to squeak, squeal),
this being the noise they are said to make when they are when plucked off a rock, or dropped live
into boiling water.
:_______________________________.
gwichian <GWIKH-yan> [ˡgwɪxjan] (verb)
1
to squeak
sialc yn gwichian ar fwrdd chalk squeaking on the blackboard
Yr oedd yr hen wagen yn gwichian ei chalon hi The old wagon was
squeaking merrily away
2 squeal
3 creak
4 wheeze
Roedd ei frest gaeth yn gwichian
fel megin His tight chest was
wheezing like a pair of bellows
NOTE: In South-east Wales: gwichal
:_______________________________.
gwichlyd (adj)
1 squeaky
esgidiau gwichlyd squeaky shoes;
llais gwichlyd squeaky voice;
olwyn wichlyd squeaky wheel
:_______________________________.
:_______________________________.
Gwidigadd
1 division ('cwmwd') of Cantref Mawr (Ystrad Tywi)
:_______________________________.
gwidman <GWID-man> [ˡgwɪdman] (m)
PLURAL: gwidmanod <gwid-MAA-nod> [gwɪdˡmɑˑnɔd] (South Wales)
1
widower
2 Cirsium vulgare spear thistle
NOTE: South-eastern form: gwitman
:_______________________________.
gwidw, gwidwod (South Wales) [ˡgwiˑdʊ,
gwɪˡduˑɔd]
1 widow
y widw the widow
2 pisho gwidw (" widow's piss ") weak tea (or beer)
NOTE: Maldwyn / Montgomeryshire widogod (= widows)
South-east Wales: gwitw, witw
:_______________________________.
gwifren bigog (f)
PLURAL: gwifrau
pigog
1 barbed wire
:______________________
gwifren-cwt-ieir <GWI-vren-kut-YEIR> [ˡgwɪvrɛn
kʊt jəɪr] (f)
1 chicken wire = wire with a hexagonal mesh (“wire (of) hen coop”)
also weiren cwt ieir
:_______________________________.
gwifren ddaear (f)
PLURAL: gwifrau
daear
1 (Electricity) earth wire
:_______________________________.
gwifren
uwch-ddaear (f)
PLURAL: gwifrau
uwch-ddaear
1 overhead wire
:_______________________________.
gwilad
(South Wales)
gwylio
1 See:
:_______________________________.
gwilgi
(South Wales)
1 See: gweilgi
Gwili
1 Afon Gwili= river in Caerfyrddin
SN5707
Abergwili
Cwmgwili
:_______________________________.
Gwili (m)
1 man's name
:_______________________________.
gwilihoban (North Wales)
1 gallivant, chase after (women)
:_______________________________.
gwilio
(South Wales)
1 See:
gwylio
1 See:
:_______________________________.
gwilni
(South Wales)
1 See:
gwylni
:_______________________________.
Gwilym (m)
1 man’s name =
William
Short forms: Gwìl, Cwìl
2
patronymic = “(son of) Gwilym”, with the loss of the link word ap = son (Dafydd Gwilym < Dafydd ap Gwilym)
3
surname, from the patronymic = “(descendant of) (the son of) Gwilym”
(anglicised form: Gwillim, Gwilliam, Williams)
4
in certain place names in the old genitive form (that is, with soft mutation Gwilym > Wilym)
..a/ Craigwilym place name in
Pen-tyrch (county of Caer-dydd) - name of a tenenment in the year 1666 (“(the)
rock (of) William”)
..b/ Rhydwilym (SN1124) locality in
the county of Caerfyrddin at Llandysilio (“(the) ford (of) William”)
..c/ Stad Pontwilym (“Pontwillim
Estate”), Aberhonddu (county of Powys) (“(the) bridge (of) William”)
Nouaddwilym (“Noyadd Wilym”), Llangoedmor
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/447774
ETYMOLOGY: < English William
(Dutch Willem, French Guillaume, German Wilhelm) (William was a
name introduced by the Normans, and was popular because it was the name of a
number of English monarchs (it corresponds to the modern English words will = intent, purpose, helm / helmet = protective headgear)
Nantwilym
gwimad
(South-east Wales)
1 See:
wyneb = cara
:_______________________________.
gwiman (South-east Wales)
1 See:
gwymon
:_______________________________.
gwimbyll (m)
PLURAL: gwymbillion
1 gimlet
:_______________________________.
gwimon (South-east
Wales)
1 See:
gwymon
:_______________________________.
gwin, gwinoedd [gwiːn,
ˡgwiˑnɔɪð,
ˡgwiˑnɔð] (m)
1
wine = fermented juice of
grapes (through a mixture of
grapes, water and sugar)
gwin coch red wine
gwin gwyn white wine
2 grapevine
gwinllan vineyard
tyfu gwin winegrowing
3 wine = fermented juice of other fruits or plants;
gwin afalau apple
wine
gwin blodau coed ysgaw elderflower
wine (used to treat colds or fever)
gwin blodau dant y llew (South-east
Wales) dandelion wine (considered to be a blood purifier)
gwin blodau ysgawen elderflower wine
(used to treat colds or fever)
gwin ceirios (South-east Wales) cherry wine (used for recuperating after an
illness)
gwin coch red wine
gwin dant y llew (South-east Wales)
dandelion wine (considered to be a blood purifier)
gwin eirin bach duon
gwin eirin ysgawen elderberry wine
gwin gwyn white wine
gwin haidd barley wine = strong
sweet beer
gwin mwyar duon blackberry wine
gwin pannas (South-east Wales)
parsnip wine (used for strengthening the nerves)
gwin riwbob rhubarb wine
gwin ysgaw elderberry
wine
4 gwin yr hen Gymry (facetious)
spring water (“the wine of the old Welsh people” i.e. Welsh people in olden
times)
5 (attributive) wine
casgen win wine cask
potel win wine bottle
6 (attributive) like wine, pleasant, sweet, fine;
awel win,
caeod win,
cywydd win
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh <
British < Latin vînum
From the same British root: Cornish gwin, Breton gwin
:_______________________________.
gwina (South-east Wales)
= gwyniau
1 See: gwyn = dolor
:_______________________________.
gwinab (South-east Wales)
1 See:
wyneb = cara
:_______________________________.
gwinad (South-east Wales)
1 See: gwynio = fer mal
:_______________________________.
gwinatu (South-east Wales)
1 See:
gwyniadu
:_______________________________.
gwinau ‹GWII-nai, GWII-ne› [ˡgwiˑnaɪ,
-ɛ] (adj)
1
chestnut brown
2 (hair) brown
gwallt gwinau brown hair
Sometimes written gwine [GWII-ne] to represent the colloquial
pronunciation
:_______________________________.
gwinbren (f)
PLURAL: gwinbrenni,
gwinbrennau (South Wales)
1 tiebeam
:_______________________________.
gwindai
1 see: gwindy
:_______________________________.
gwindllas
1 windlass
:_______________________________.
gwindy <GWIN-di> [ˡgwɪndɪ] (m)
PLURAL: gwindai
<GWIN-dai> [ˡgwɪndaɪ]
1
winehouse, place where wine is stored or sold
2 Place names Pontygwindy (county of Caerffili)
pont y gwindy (“(the) bridge (of) the wine
house”, or “bridge by the house called ‘Gwindy’”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
gwinecon (South-east Wales)
1 See: gwynegon
:_______________________________.
gwinecu
(South-east Wales)
See: gwynegu
:_______________________________.
gwinedd <GWII-nedh> [ˡgwiˑnɛð]
1
colloquial form of ewinedd (= finger nails, toe nails, cats
claws)
:_______________________________.
gwinegr
(‘gwineg’) <GWII-negr, GWII-neg> [ˡgwiˑnɛgr,
ˡgwiˑnɛg]
1
vinegar
:_______________________________.
gwineuedd <gwi-NEI-edh> [gwɪˡnˑɪnɛgr,
ˡgwiˑnɛg]
1 brownness
:_______________________________.
gwineugoch <gwi-NEU-gokh> [gwɪˡnɛɪgɔx] adjective
1
brown
gwenith gwineugoch (South-east
Wales) brown wheat
ETYMOLOGY: (gwineu-, penult form of gwinau = brown) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
:_______________________________.
gwinfa
1 winery = place for making wine
:_______________________________.
gwinfedd <GWIN-vedh> [ˡgwɪnvɛð]
1 colloquial form of ewinedd (= nail's
breadth)
:_______________________________.
gwingad
(South Wales)
1 See: gwingo
:_______________________________.
gwingafn (m)
PLURAL: gwingafnau
1 winevat
Marc 12:1 Ac efe a ddechreuodd ddywedyd wrthynt ar ddamhegion. Gŵr a
blannodd winllan, ac a ddododd gae o’i hamgylch, ac a gloddiodd le i’r
gwingafn, ac a adeiladodd dŵr, ac a’i gosododd hi allan i lafurwyr, ac a
aeth oddi cartref.
Mark 12:1 And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a
vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and
built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + soft mutation + (cafn
= vat)
:_______________________________.
gwingar adjective
1 fond of wine
Titus 1:7 Canys rhaid i esgob fod yn
ddiargyhoedd, fel goruchwyliwr Duw; nid yn gyndyn, nid yn ddicllon, nid yn
wingar, nid yn drawydd, nid yn budrelwa
Titus 1:7 For a bishop must be
blameless, as the steward of God; not selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to
wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives,
meaning ‘fond of’; cf caru = to
love)
:_______________________________.
gwingar <GWING-gar> [ˡgwɪŋgar] (adj)
1 fond of wine
Titus 1:7 Canys rhaid i esgob fod yn ddiargyhoedd, fel goruchwyliwr Duw; nid
yn gyndyn, nid yn ddicllon, nid yn wingar, nid yn drawydd, nid yn budrelwa
Titus 1:7 For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not
selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy
lucre
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + (-gar suffix for forming adjectives,
suggesting ‘fond of’, felt to be related to caru = to love)
:_______________________________.
gwingiad (m)
1 wriggle, wriggling, fidgeting, writhing, flinching
NOTE: Also gwingad
:_______________________________.
gwinglyd (adj)
1 fidgety, restless
:_______________________________.
gwingo (verb)
(South Wales)
gwingad
1 (vi), wriggle, writhe
:_______________________________.
gwingo yn erbyn
y symbylau
1 (Bible) (Acts 9.5) kick against the pricks
= hurt oneself by struggling in vain
Myfi yw Iesu, yr hwn wyt ti yn ei erlid: caled yw i ti wingo yn erbyn y
symbylau
:_______________________________.
gwingwr (m)
PLURAL: gwingwyr
1 wriggler, fidgeter, etc
:_______________________________.
gwinidog <gwi-NII-dog> [gwɪˡniˑdɔg]
1 A
colloquial form of gweinidog (= minister)
:_______________________________.
gwinio (South-east Wales)
1 See:
gwynio = fer mal
:_______________________________.
gwiniolen <gwin-YOO-len> [gwɪnˡjoˑlɛn] (f)
PLURAL: gwiniol
<GWIN-yol> [ˡgwɪnjɔl]
1 (South Wales) Acer campestre = field maple. The Northern form is cynhowlen. The standard name is Masarnen Leiaf
y winiolen the field maple
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently this was originally
gwenwialen ‘white rod’ (gwen
feminine form of gwyn = white) +
soft mutation + (gwialen = rod). (In
1707 and in 1753 it is noted that in south-east Wales the tree is called gwenwialen). Another possibility is
that the origin of the word is gwinwialen,
the first element being gwin (=
wine).
:_______________________________.
gwinllan <gwin-lhan> [ˡgwɪnɬan] (f)
PLURAL: gwinllannoedd,
gwinllannau <gwin-LHAN-oidh, -odh, -ai, -e> [gwɪnˡɬanɔɪð,
-ɔð, -aɪ, -aɪ, -ɛ]
1
vineyard, place planted with vines
y winllan the vineyard
2 North Wales wood, brake,
copse, coppice
gwinllan dew o ddrysau ger afon Dwyfor
a dense bramble brake near the river Dwyfor
gwinllan goed wood
Mi fuon ni’n chwarae mewn gwinllan goed
gerlláw yr hen gartref
We used to play in a wood by the old home
3 plantation;
gwinllan helyg = willow plantation
helygen y gwinllannoedd (Salix)
willow (“willow of the plantations”)
See: helygen
4 Place names: Y Winllan
.....(1) Tal-y-bont (county of Ceredigion),
.....(2) Llanddeiniolen (county of Gwynedd)
5 Y Winllan 1848-1965 Methodist
youth magazine
6 chapel
Dim ond am dymor byr, yn ifanc, y bu ef
yn gweithio’n y winllan. Wedi hynny ni thywyllodd le o
addoliad eto
He was an active member of the chapel for only a short period, when he was
young. After that he never set foot ever again in a chapel.
7 said of something put into the care of another
y winllan a roddwyd i’w ofal the
vineyard entrusted to his care
Cafodd gi defaid yn anrheg a bridiodd
sawl pencampwr ar ôl hyn. Roedd yn falch o weld ffrwyth blynyddoedd o fridio yn
deillio o’r winllan a roddwyd i’m gofal
He was given a sheep dog as a present and he bred many a champion after this.
He was proud to see the fruit of years of breeding which resulted from the
vineyard entrusted to his care
Sant Mathew 21.41 Hwy a ddywedasant
wrtho, Efe a ddifethas yn llwyr y dynion drwg hynny, ac a esyd y winllan i
lafurwyr eraill, y rhai a dalant iddo’r ffrwythau yn eu hamserau
St Matthew 21.41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men,
and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the
fruits in their seasons
Hosea
Hosea 2.15 And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of
Achor for a door of hope
8 vintage = grape harvest
Job 24:6 Medant eu hŷd yn y maes; a
gwinllan yr annuwiol a gasglant
Job 24:6 They reap every one his corn in the field: and they gather the vintage
of the wicked.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine, vine) +
soft mutation + (llan = yard) > *gwinlan > gwinllan; in some words the mutation is lost in such a combination
cf English {vinyə’d} vineyard; (vine) + (yard)
:_______________________________.
gwinllan Naboth
1 (neighbour's possession coveted by a rich
man)
1 Bren 21 : 1-10
:_______________________________.
gwinllannol <gwin-LHA-nol> [gwɪnˡɬanɔl]adjective
1
winegrowing
ardal winllannol winegrowing area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwinllann- < gwinllan = vineyard) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwinllannol (f)
1 winegrowing
:_______________________________.
gwinllannwr (f)
PLURAL: gwinllanwyr
<gwin-lhan-wir>
1 winegrower
:_______________________________.
gwinllanol (adj)
1 winegrowing
ardal winllannol winegrowing area
ETYMOLOGY: (gwinllann- < gwinllan = vinyard) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwinnin
(South Wales)
1 See:
gwynnyn
:_______________________________.
gwinrawn
See: gwinronyn
:_______________________________.
gwinronyn (m)
PLURAL: gwinrawn
1 grape (vitis vinifera)
:_______________________________.
gwinwr (m)
PLURAL: gwinwyr
1 vintner
:_______________________________.
gwinwryf (m)
1 wine-press
:_______________________________.
gwinwydden <gwin-wə-dhen> [ˡgwɪnwəðɛn] (f)
PLURAL: gwinwydd
<GWIN-widh> [ˡgwɪnwɪð]
1
Vitis vinifera = vine, grapevine
y winwydden the grapevine
2 gwinwydden ddu PLURAL: gwinwydd duon Tamus communis = black
bryony
3 gwinwydden wyllt
PLURAL: gwinwydd gwylltion Lonicrea
Periclymemum = honeysuckle
ETYMOLOGY: (gwinwydd = vines) + (-en singulative suffix); (gwin = wine) + soft mutation + (gwydd = trees)
:_______________________________.
gwinwyddiaeth (f)
1 viticulture = study of grapes
2 viticulture = grape-growing, wine making
:_______________________________.
gwinyddes
(South Wales)
VEGEU: gwniyddes
:_______________________________.
Gwion <GWII-on> [ˡgwiˑɔn]
1 man’s name
ETYMOLOGY: Eric Hamp in Ériu
29 (1978) pp. 152-153 suggests
that the Welsh name Gwion and the Irish name Fí derive from a Celtic word which
is also the origin of Old Irish fí = poison, venom.
:_______________________________.
gwipad (South-east Wales)
1 See: gwybedyn
:_______________________________.
gwir <GWIIR> [gwiːr] (m)
1 truth = the quality of being true
Y gwir a fyn y golau Truth will out
(“the truth will demand the light”)
2 truth = something which is true
:_______________________________.
(y) Gwir
Anrhydeddus
1 Translation of the English titile “The Right Honourable” given to
a) a judge of the English Appeal Court
b) Privy Councillor
c) certain ranks of the English nobility (count,
viscount, baron)
d) the mayor of certain large cities
:_______________________________.
gwir (adjective)
1 true
2 ydi’n wir isn’t it /
she / he? indeed it is / she is / he is
tag element after an afirmative statement, as an exclamation
Mae hi’n dda, ydi’n wir She’s good,
she really is
3 (before a noun) true, genuine
Beth yw’r wir stori am ddiflaniad sydyn
ei wraig?
What’s the true story behind the sudden disappearance of his wife?
gwir angen real necessity
Mae arnaf fi ei wir angen I really
need it (“there-is on me its true need”)
Byddwn yn gwario arian ar bethau nad
oedd eu gwir angen arnaf
I used to spend money on things I didn’t really need (“I spent money on things
that-not there-was their true need on-me”)
4 (before an adjective) truly
Mae’n wir ddrwg gen i I’m really sorry, I’m awfully sorry, I’m truly
sorry
:_______________________________.
gwir (m)
1
truth
nithio’r gwir o’r gau sort the truth
from lies (“winnow the truth from the false”)
Mae’r gwir yn y cwrw In vino veritas (“the truth is in the beer”)
Llawer gwir gorau ei gelu
Many things are best left unsaid (“many a truth best its hiding”)
Daw’r gwir ar glawr The truth will reveal itself
Y gwir a fyn y golau Truth
will out (“the ruth will demand the light”)
:_______________________________.
gwir (adj)
1 true
:_______________________________.
gwira (South-east Wales)
1 See:
gwyryf
:_______________________________.
gwir bob gair!
1 not a word of a lie!
it's only too true, never a truer word was spoken,
there's no denying it
TES-Y Beth sy'n bod arnom ni yng Ngwynedd? Mae nifer y Cymry Cymráeg
yn gostwng o gyfrifiad i gyfrifiad. Estroniaid yn dylifo mewn?
Gwir bob gair. Cymry'n dilorni eu hiaith? Peth gwirionedd yn hyn,
hefyd.(:REF)(REF:)(cym:) TES-Z
:_______________________________.
gwireb <GWII-reb> [ˡgwiˑrɛb] (f)
PLURAL: gwirebau,
gwirebion
1 truism, obvious truth, obvious fact
y wireb the truism
:_______________________________.
gwireddu <gwi-REE-dhi> [ˡgwɪreˑðɪ] (verb)
1 make (something) come true
cael ei wireddu come true
gwireddu breuddwyd realise a dream, make a dream come true
gwireddu breuddwyd realise an ambition
gwireddwyd yr hen broffwydoliaeth the old prophecy
came true, was realised
Bydd yr henair yn cael ei wireddu: Trech gwlad nag arglwydd
The old saying will be borne out (“will come true”) – [the people of a]
country [are] mightier than a lord
Nid yw'r gobeithion wedi eu gwireddu His hopes haven’t been fulfilled
-
:_______________________________.
gwireiddiad (m)
PLURAL: gwireiddiadau
1 verification
:_______________________________.
gwireiddio (verb with an object)
1 verify
:_______________________________.
gwir ei wala
1 true enough, quite true
:_______________________________.
gwirfodd <GWIR-vodh> [ˡgwɪrvɔð] (m)
1
consent
2
free will
o’ch gwirfodd voluntarily, of your
own free will
gwneud rhywbeth o’ch gwirfodd do
something of your own free will
ETYMOLOGY: (gwir = true ) + soft
mutation + (bodd = will)
:_______________________________.
gwirfoddol <gwir-VO-dhol> [gwɪrˡvoˑðɔl] (adj)
1 voluntary = done by free choice, and not as a
result of compulsion
rhodd
gwirfoddol
voluntary. donation
2 voluntary =
freely performing a service, doing work without having been obliged to, and
without expecting any payment for it
gweithiwr gwirfoddol voluntary worker
3 voluntary = (service) done without expecting payment
gwaith gwirfoddol
voluntary work
:_______________________________.
gwirfoddoli <gwir-vo-dhoo-li> [gwɪrvɔˡðoˑlɪ] verb
1
volunteer
gwirfoddoli i wneud rhywbeth
volunteer to do something
2
volunteer = (ironic) be pressured into offering to do sth against one’s will
ETYMOLOGY: (gwirfoddol = voluntary)
+ (-i suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwirfoddolwr <gwir-vo-DHOO-lur> [gwɪrvɔˡðoˑlʊr] (m)
PLURAL: gwirfoddolwyr <gwir-vo-DHOL-wir> [gwɪrvɔˡðɔlwɪr]
1 volunteer
2 volunteer = (ironic) person obliged to do a thing, but manipulated
so that it seems that he or she has agreed willingly
ETYMOLOGY: (gwirfoddol = voluntary) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
gwiriad (m)
PLURAL: gwiriadau
1 verification
:_______________________________.
gwirio (verb)
VARIANT: gwiro
(South Wales)
1 (verb with an object)
,verify
:_______________________________.
gwirion <GWIR-yon> [ˡgwɪrjɔn] (m)
PLURAL: gwirioniaid
<gwir-YON-yaid -yed> [gwɪrˡjɔnjaɪd,
gwɪrˡjɔnjɛd]
1 (South Wales) innocent
Gwyl y Gwirioniaid
1 gan y gwirion y ceir y gwir idiots
and simpletons come up with the truth
TES-Y Felly dyw'r hen bennill ddim ymhéll ohoni - ac efallai wedi'r cyfan, mai
gan y gwirion y ceir y gwir (:REF)Cymro 29 11 97(REF:)(cym:) TES-Z
1 (North Wales)
simple fool
VOC-Y a||0070|||a VOC-Z
:_______________________________.
gwirion (adj)
1 (South Wales) innocent
Z
1 (North Wales)
weak-minded, simple, daft
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh GWIRION < GWIRIAWN
[GWIR + IAWN] < British
from the same British root: Breton GWIRION = true, genuine
:_______________________________.
gwirion (adjective)
1 (South) innocent, naïve
2 (North) simple, idiotic
:.:
:_______________________________.
gwirion bost (North
Wales) (North Wales)
1 daft as a brush
1 mynd yn wirion bost go completely
mad
:_______________________________.
gwiriondeb (m)
1 (South Wales) innocence
:_______________________________.
gwirionedd (m) historically (f)
1 truth
2 gorau arf gwirionedd honesty is the best policy (“best weapon
truth”)
:_______________________________.
gwirioneddol <gwir-yo-NEE-dhol> [gwɪrjɔneˑðɔl] (adj)
1 true, real
:_______________________________.
gwirion gall
1 daft in the head
:_______________________________.
gwirion hen (North-west Wales)
1 in one's dotage, senile
:_______________________________.
gwirioni <gwi-ri-OO-ni> [gwɪrɪˡoˑnɪ] (verb) (Gal·les
de Nord)
1
to dote on
Nid yw pawb yn gwirioni yr un fath
It takes all sorts to make a world (“not everybody dotes (on things) in the
same way”)
:_______________________________.
gwirionwyllt (adj)
1
TES-Y yng nghanol ras wirionwyllt y Nadolig... yr holl siopa, yr holl wario,
yr holl baratoadau(:REF)Faner 13 12 91(REF:)(cym:) TES-Z
:_______________________________.
gwirionyn (m)
PLURAL: gwirioniaid
1
idiot, blockhead, dolt, fool, oaf, fool, cretin, numskull
ETYMOLOGY: (gwirion = stupid) + (-yn suffix to make a noun from an
adjective)
:_______________________________.
gwirionyn (m)
PLURAL: gwirioniaid
<gwir- yon
-yed>
1 idiot, blockhead, dolt, fool, oaf, fool, cretin, numskull
:_______________________________.
gwirod,
gwirodydd <GWII-rod,
gwi-ROO-didh> [ˡgwiˑrod, gwɪroˑdɪð] (m)
1
liquor, spirits
2 lefel wirod spirit
level
-
:_______________________________.
gwirod (m)
PLURAL: gwirodydd
<gwi-rô-didh]
1 liquor = alcoholic liquid
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish gwirez (= licor). Not found in Breton
Apparently related to English wort (= malt and warm water)
:_______________________________.
gwirsen (South-east Wales)
1 See:
cwirsen
??gwir y gair
how true
:_______________________________.
Gwir yw gwir, ac fe ddal dŵr
1 “the truth is the truth, and it holds water”, there is no faulting the truth,
you cannot fault the truth
Merthyr 1894
:_______________________________.
gwisg, gwisgoedd
<GWISK,
GWI-skoidh -odh> [gwɪsk,
ˡgwɪskɔɪð, -ɔð] (f)
1
dress
y wisg the dress
gwisg briodas, gwisgau priodas wedding
dress
gwisg nos, gwisgau nos night dress
gwisg alar, gwisgoedd galar mourning
clothes
gwisg nofio swimming costume,
swimming clothes
gwisg nos, gwisgoedd nos [gwɪsk
ˡnoːs, ˡgwɪskɔɪð ˡnoːs] nightdress, nightgown, nightie
gwisg wen surplice; white robe worn
by members of Gorsedd y Beirdd
gwenwisg surplice
gwisg ysgol school uniform
…mewn gwisg ysgol in school
uniform
cuddwisg disguise ‘hide-clothing’
(cudd-, root of cuddio = to hide) + soft mutation + (gwisg = dress)
…bod mewn cuddwisg be in disguise
ffugwisg disguise ‘false-clothing’
(ffug = false, fake) + soft mutation + (gwisg = dress)
durwisg armour (dur = steel ) + soft mutation + (gwisg = clothing)
gwisg ffansi fancy dress
Fe wneir y ddrama yng ngwisgoedd y cyfnod
The drama will be done in the dress / costumes of the period
2 husk (of cereals e.g. oats)
ceirch wedi tynnu eu gwisg dehulled oats
3 afterbirth (of animal)
y fuwch heb fwrw ei gwisg the cow (ahs not) expelled its afterbirth
4 dress = something likened to clothing
Ni fuasai unrhyw ddarlun ohono yn agos cyflawn heb sôn am ei Gymreictod. Nid
gwisg mae'n roddi amdano mohono. Mae'n rhan hanfodol ac anatod o wead ei
bersonoliaeth.
No picture of him would be anywhere near complete without mentioned his
Welshness. It’s not a garment he wraps around himself (“it-is-not a dress he
puts around himself nothing-of-it”). It’s an essential and intrinsic of the
weave of his personality.
llaeswisg,
urddwisg
:_______________________________.
gwisgi <GWI-ski> (adj)
PLURAL: gwisgïon
<gwi-SKI-on>
1 lively, nimble, sprightly
Gwraig dew oedd Mari’r Bont. ac eto welais i neb mor wisgi ar ei thraed
Mar’r Bont was a fat lady and yet I never saw anyone move in such a
sprightly manner (“so sprightly on their feet”)
dyn gwisgi a nible man
2 (nut) ripe
cnau gwisgi nuts
NOTE: South Wales: gwishgi
:_______________________________.
gwisgïo <gwi-SKII-o> [gwɪˡskiˑɔ] verb (North Wales)
1 (nut) become loose from husk
2 (nut) become ripe, be ripe
3 (nut) strip the covering from the shell, shell a nut
ETYMOLOGY: (gwisgi = ripe) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also with the loss of the first syllable ‘sgïo
:_______________________________.
gwisgïo (verb) (North Wales)
1 (nut) become loose from husk
2 (nut) become ripe, be ripe
3 (nut) strip the covering from the shell, shell a nut
gwisgïo’r cnau to shell the nuts
ETYMOLOGY: (gwisgi = ripe) + (-o suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: also with the loss of the first syllable ’sgïo
:_______________________________.
gwisgle
1 vestry, sacristy in church
:_______________________________.
gwisgo <GWI-sko> [ˡgwɪskɔ] (verb)
1
(verb without an object) to get dressed; to dress
chwaeth gwisgo dress sense
bwrdd gwisgo dressing table
2 (verb with an object) put on
gwisgo eich esgidiau put on your
shoes (“wear your shoes”)
3 gwisgo hosan o bob pâr
wear odd socks (“wear (a) sock of each pair”)
4 a gwisgo ynddo (piece
of clothing) hard-wearing (“and wearing in it”)
5
bwrdd gwisgo dressing table
6
ymwisgo get dressed, dress oneself (ym- = reflexive prefix ) + soft
mutation + (gwisgo = dress oneself)
gwisgo â phorffor dress in purple
Daniel 5:7 Gwaeddodd y brenin yn groch am
ddwyn i mewn yr astronomyddion, y Caldeaid, a'r brudwyr: a llefarodd y brenin,
a dywedodd wrth ddoethion Babilon, Pa ddyn bynnag a ddarlleno yr ysgrifen hon,
ac a ddangoso i mi ei dehongliad, efe a wisgir â phorffor, ac a gaiff gadwyn aur am ei wddf, a
chaiff lywodraethu yn drydydd yn y deyrnas.
Daniel 5:7 The king cried aloud to bring in
the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and
said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and show me
the interpretation thereof, shall
be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and
shall be the third ruler in the kingdom
7 gwisgo'r
bais a'r britshus (said of a dominant wife) be in charge, wear the trousers,
wear the breeches, run the show, run the shop “wear the petticoat and the
breeches” (Diarhebion
Merthyr 1895)
gwisgo yn grand dress up
wedi ei gwi ll dressed up and nowhere to go
8 (verb with an object) wear
9 ymwisgo get dressed, dress oneself (ym- =
reflexive prefix ) + soft mutation + (gwisgo = dress oneself)
:_______________________________.
gwisgo belt a
brêsus
1 play safe
:_______________________________.
gwisgo ei gap
1 'wearing its cap' - said of a cloud-covered
mountain top, and considered a sign of rain
:_______________________________.
@@gwiw [GWIU]
[gw
gwiw
<GWIU> [gwɪʊ] (adjective)
1 fitting, seemly
2 useful, profitable
nid gwiw / ’wiw it is useless, it is pointless, there’s no point
Nid gwiw wylo am yr hyn sydd ddiadfer
It’s no use crying over spilt milk (“It-is-not profitable crying for the thing
which-is irrecuperable”, it is useless to cry over what cannot be restored)
Cornish gwiw (= fitting, seemly, worthy)
Breton gwiv (= lively, merry)
Irish fíu (= fitting, seemly, worthy)
Gaulish personal name Visurix (= worthy king)
From Celtic uisu- < uesu- (= good)
:_______________________________.
gwiw (adj)
1 apt, fitting
Iesu, fy mhrynwr gwiw
1 ni wiw i mi = a) I mustn't, I dare not b) ? I can't
fiw i chi fethu = ?you can't fail
ni wiw (Tafarnau-bach)
no conve
there's no point?
wiw sefyll - ymlaen mae ennill (Llansanffraid)
1 gwiw gan + fod = I'm honoured to
nid gwiw it is useless, there’s no point
ni wiw it is useless, there’s no point
’wiw it is useless, there’s no point
Sayings with ni wiw / nid gwiw
Ni wiw edrych dannedd march rhodd Don't look a gift horse in the mouth
"it is not fitting to check the teeth of a gift horse" beggars can't
be choosers,
Nid gwiw wylo am yr hyn sydd ddiadfer It’s no use crying over spilt milk
(“It is useless crying over what is irrecuperable”)
:_______________________________.
gwiwer,
gwiwerod ‹GWII-wer, gwi-WEE-rod › [ˡgwiˑwɛr] , [gwiˡweˑrɔd] (f)
1
squirrel = rodent with bushy
tail living in trees
y wiwer = the squirrel
2 squirrel = hoarder,
'squirrel' (of a person who hoards, since the squirrel hoards for the winter,
burying nuts in different locations for retrieving at a later time)
3 gwiwer hedegog flying squirrel
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Latin VIIVERRA = ferret
from the same British root: Breton GWIÑVER
:_______________________________.
gwiwera (verb with an object)
1 store (like a squirrel), hoard, squirrel away
:_______________________________.
gwiwer goch (f)
PLURAL: gwiwerod
coch / cochion <gwi-wee-rod
koox, kox-jon>
1 scirius vulgaris red squirrel - the native squirrel of the island of Great
Britain, threatened with extinction by the loss of its habitats to the North
American squirrel, the grey squirrel
:_______________________________.
gwiwer lwyd (f)
PLURAL: gwiwerod
llwyd / llwydion <gwi-wee-rod
lhuid, lhuid-yon>
1 grey squirrel; an North American species introduced into the island of Great
Britain which has since taken over almost all of the territory of the native
red squirrel. This now survives only in a number of reduced pockets
:_______________________________.
gwiwlan <GWIU-lan> [ˡgwɪʊlan] adj
1 fair, beautiful
Llangynwyd wiwlan wedd (1859)
Llangynwyd of fair aspect
Verse on the gravestone in Llanbadarn Fawr churchyard, Ceredigion, of John
Pryse, and his mother Winifred Pryse
John Pryse…yr hwn a fu farw Medi 28ain, 1862, yn 43 ml[wydd] oed. Hefyd am
Winifred Pryse… yr hon a fu farw, Medi 24ain 1864, yn 71 ml. oed. (John Pryse,
who died September 18, 1862, at the age of 43. Also [in memory] of Winifred Pryse,
who died September 24 1864 at the age of 71. )
.
Pob gŵr a gwraig sy'n tramwy heibio
Gwelwch lle 'ry'm ni 'n dau'n gorphwyso;
Dan faen gwiwlan dyma'n gwely
Nes delo Crist i 'n hadgyfodi.
Every man and woman who goes by
See the place [in which] we two are at rest (“we two are resting”)
Under a fine stone this is our resting place (“our bed”)
Until Christ comes to resurrect us
:_______________________________.
gwiwlon (adj)
1 gentle, kindly
TES-Y Yn Mynwent Llanllechid, ar fedd Margaret Jane Lloyd, 'merch Cadben a
Mary Lloyd, Bangor'. Bu farw Tachwedd 9, 1858, yn 3 blwydd a chwe mis oed...
Gyfeillion gwiwlon, O gwelwch, - daethum
Drwy daith yr anialwch,
I'm eiddil, na omeddwch
Obenydd o lonydd lwch(:REF)t81 Englynion Beddau Dyffryn Ogwen, gan J Elwyn
Hughes 1979(REF:)(cym:) TES-Z
:_______________________________.
gwiwsain (adj)
1 euphonious
:_______________________________.
Gwjarât
1 Gujarat = state in North-west India
Sanskrit: Gujara
:_______________________________.
Gwjarateg
1 Gujarati = Indic language of Gujarati
:_______________________________.
gwlad, gwledydd ‹GWLAAD, GWLEE-didh
› [gwlaːd], [ˡgwleˑdɪð]
1
country
y wlad the country
gelyn pennaf y wlad public enemy
number one (“(the) main enemy (of) the country”)
2 yr hyfryd wlad the
pleasant land (= Palestine)
Daniel 8:9 Ac o un ohonynt y daeth allan
gorn bychan, ac a dyfodd yn rhagorol, tua’r deau, a thua’r dwyrain, a thua’r
hyfryd wlad.
Daniel 8:9 And out
of one of them came forth a little horn, which waxed exceeding great, toward
the south, and toward the east, and toward the pleasant land.
3 hoff wlad Duw God’s own
country (“(the) favorite country (of) God”)
4 dibynwlad dependency =
country dependent on another (dibyn-
< dibynnu = to depend) + soft
mutation + (gwlad = country)
5 gwlad eich geni the
country where you were born, your home country
6 mamwlad mother country, home country = (for a person living
in an adopted country) one’s country of origin
‘mother country’ (mam = mother) +
soft mutation + (gwlad = country)
7 gwlad sy’n llifeirio o
laeth â mêl a land flowing with milk and honey , a place of abundance and
contentment
Exodus 3:8 A mi a
ddisgynnais i’w gwaredu hwy o law yr Eifftiaid, ac i’w dwyn o’r wlad honno i
wlad dda a helaeth, i wlad yn llifeirio o laeth a mêl; i le y Canaaneaid, a’r
Hethiaid, a’r Amoriaid, a’r Pheresiaid, yr Hefiaid hefyd, a’r Jebusiaid.
Exodus
3:8 And I am come down to
deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that
land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey;
unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the
Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
Exodus 33:2 A mi a
anfonaf angel o’th flaen di, ac a yrraf allan y Canaanead, yr Amoriad, a’r
Hethiad, y Pheresiad, yr Hefiad, a’r Jebusiad: (33:3) I
wlad yn llifeirio o laeth â mel: oherwydd nid af fi i fyny yn dy blith; oblegid
pobl wargaled wyt: rhag i mi dy ddifa ar y ffordd.
Exodus 33:2 And I will
send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and
the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (33:3) Unto a land flowing with milk
and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a
stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.
8 hen yd y wlad country people, country
folk (“old corn (of) the countryside”)
9 Mae’n gywilydd gwlad It’s a downright disgrace (It’s a
disgrace (of) country”)
10 gwlad eich cychwyniad your country of
origin (“(the) country (of) your beginning”)
gwlad eich geni your country of birth, your country of origin (“(the)
country (of) your birth”)
gwlad eich genedigaeth your country of birth, your country of origin
(“(the) country (of) your birth”)
yng ngwlad
fy ngenedigaeth in the land of my birth
gwlad eich gwreiddiau your country of origin (“(the) country (of) your
roots”)
11 byw
ar dda’r wlad live of the fat of the land (“live on (the) good (of) the
land”)
12
newid gwlad emigrate (“change
country”)
13 gwlad dramor foreign
country
14 mynd i wlad y gwaddod die, kick the bucket (“go to the land of the
moles”)
15
edrych y wlad see how the land lies
(“check the country”)
16
llond gwlad o (“(the) fullness (of a
) country (of)” in expressing great quantity
llond gwlad o bethau da lots of good
things
17
eich gwlad chi your part of the
country, your part of the world
Adroddir un hanes amdano pan oedd ar
ymweliad â Llangynog, Sir Drefaldwyn. Mae yn debyg iddo amlygu i’r teulu lle yr
oedd ei fod yn dyfod o Sir Aberteifi... Wedi deall brodor o ba sir oedd Mr.
James, dywedodd y wraig, “Bu offeiriad o’ch gwlad chwi yn gweini yn y Llan yma
am 50 mlynedd.” t52 / Y Trydydd Byr-gofiant... / John Evans, Abermeurig
(1830-1917) / 1913
There’s a story told about him when he was visiting Llangynog, in the county of
Trefaldwyn. Apparently he explained to the family where he was staying that he
came from the county of Aberteifi... After knowing what county Mr. James was
from, the woman said “There was a clergyman from your part of the world who
held office in the parish church here for fifty years...”
Country names:
..a/ Gwlad
Belg Belgium
gwlad Belg < gwlad y Belg (“Belg-land”, “(the) country (of) the Belg”) (though probably based on Belg- first syllable of the English / Latin name Belgium < Belg member
of the Gaulish tribe called Belgae in Latin) and so (“Belgian-land”,
“(the) country (of) the Belgian”)
..b/ Gwlad
Groeg Greece
gwlad Groeg < gwlad y Groeg (“Greek-land”, “(the) country (of) the Greek
man”)
..c/ Gwlad
yr Iâ Iceland
“(the) country (of) the
ice”
..d/ Gwlad
y Cymro an epithet of Wales
“(the) country (of) the
Welshman”
..e/ Gwlad
y Sais an epithet of England
“(the) country (of) the
Englishman”
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Byth Bythoedd ‹gwlaad
bith BƏTH-oidh› [ˌgwlaːd bɪθ
ˡbəθɔɪð] , (f)
1 Never-Never Land
ETYMOLOGY: “Land (of) Never Ever” (gwlad
= land) + (byth bythoedd never ever)
:_______________________________.
gwladfa
‹GWLAD-va› [ˡgwladva] (f)
PLURAL: gwladféydd ‹gwlad-VEIDH › [gwladˡvəɪð]
1 colony = settlement
of people far from their homeland who maintain ties with the country of origin
y wladfa the colony
Y Wladfa [ə
ˡwladva] the Welsh settlement in Patagonia
Gwladfa Patagonia [ˡgwladva
pataˡgɔnia] the Welsh settlement in Patagonia
2 colony = people of a certain nationality living dispersed in a
city but considered as a group
y wladfa Americanaidd ym Mhrâg the
American colony in Prague
3 gwladfa gosb or gwladfa gosbi penal colony
4 Gwladféydd y Culfor
Straits Settlements = a former English colony made up of Singapore, Penang,
Malacca, Labuan and other islands
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country)+ (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a
place)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Falensia <gwlaad-va-LENS-ya> [gwlɑːd
vaˡlɛnsja] (f)
1
the Valencian Country
:_______________________________.
Gwladfaol <gwlad-VAA-ol> [ˡgwladvɑˑɔl] adjective
1 Patagonian; relating to Gwladfa
Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia established in 1865
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwladfa (Patagonia) = (Patagonian) settlement) + (-ol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwladfa Patagonia ‹GWLAD-va pa-ta-GON-ia› [ˡgwladva
pataˡgɔnia]
1 the Welsh settlement in Patagonia (founded in
1865)
Normally as smply: Y Wladfa
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) colony (of) Patagonia”)
:_______________________________.
Gwladfäwr <gwlad-vaa-ur> [gwladˡvɑˑʊr] (m)
PLURAL: Gwladfawyr
<gwlad-VAA-wir> [gwladˡvɑˑwɪr]
1 person
from Gwladfa Patagonia, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia established in 1865
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwladfa (Patagonia) =
(Patagonian) settlement) + (-wr suffix = man)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Groeg <gwlaad-GROIG> [ˡgwlɑːd
grɔɪg] (f)
1
Greece
:_______________________________.
Gwlad Hud <gwlaad-HIID> [gwlɑːd
ˡhiːd]
1
Wonderland
Alys yng Ngwlad Hud Alice in
Wonderland
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (hud = magic)
:_______________________________.
gwladol <GWLAA-dol> [ˡgwlɑˑdɔl] adjective
1
state, public = belonging to a state
2 in the case of Wales, state = belonging to the English state
archifdy gwladol state archive
eglwys wladol state church
Gwasanaeth Iechyd Gwladol National
Health Service (“state health service”)
incwm gwladol state income
ysgol wladol state school
ysgrifenydd gwladol secretary of
state (minister in charge of a government department)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwladus <GWLAA-dis> [ˡgwlɑˑdɪs] (f)
1
woman’s name; = (“ruler of a country”) .
English form - Gladys
:_______________________________.
gwladwen <GWLAD-wen> [ˡgwladwɛn] (f)
1
heaven, paradise
2
Gwladwen woman’s name (rare)
ETYMOLOGY: “white / blessed / fair land; paradise, heaven” (gwlad = country, land) + soft mutation
+ (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white / blessed / fair)
NOTE: Cf gwenwlad (= heaven,
paradise), with the same elements reversed
:_______________________________.
gwladwriaeth, gwladwriaethau <gwla-DUR-yaith
-yeth, gwla-dur-YEI-thai, -e> [gwlaˡdʊrjaɪθ
-jɛθ, gwladʊrˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (f)
1
state
y wladwriaeth the state
gwladwriaeth ragod buffer state
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Codiad Haul <GwLAAD ə KOD–yad HAIL> [ˡgwlɑːd
ə ˡkodjad ˡhaɪl]
1 The Land of the
Rising Sun
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (of) (the) rising (of the) sun” (gwlad = country, land) + (yr
= the) + (codiad haul = (the) rising
(of the) sun, sunrise)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y
Gân <gwlaad-ə-GAAN> [ˡgwlɑːd
ə ˡgɑːn] (f)
1
nickname for Wales (“The Land of Song) (from the high proportion of people
literate in musical notation, and the great esteem accorded to religious
congregational singing and to choral competitions, in the latter half of the
nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century)
2 Gwlad-y-gân street name
in Y Mynydd-bach, County of Abertawe
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (of) the song” + (gwlad
= country, land) + (y = the) + soft
mutation (cân = song)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Menyg
Gwynion <gwlaad ə
MEE-nig GWƏN-yon> [ˡgwlɑːd
ə ˡmeˑnɪg ˡgwənjɔn]
1
(“The Land of the White Gloves”) nickname for Wales, still in use - a name
applied in century 1800 alluding to the comparatively low rate of crime in
Wales. It was the custom to present the assize judge with a white pair of
gloves when there were no cases for trial.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (y definite article) + (menyg, PLURAL: of maneg = glove) + (gwynion,
PLURAL: of gwyn = white)
:_______________________________.
Gwlad yr
Haf <gwlaad ər
HAAV> [ˡgwlɑːd
ər ˡhɑːv]
1 Somerset, a
county in south-west England, on the opposite side of Môr Hafren (The Severn
Sea, The Bristol Channel) from South-east Wales
2 ‘The Summer Country’, ‘Summerland’, ‘The Land of Summer’, a name
given by Iolo Morganwg to what was the original home of the Welsh people.
According to Iolo, they had come to Britain under the leadership of Hu Gadarn.
Another name for this mythical homeland was Deffrobani, a metathasised form of
a name in Llyfr Taliesin (The Book of Taliesin, early 1300s) ‘deproffani ynys’,
taken from the Latin ‘Taprobanes insula’ mentioned by Isadore of Seville, and
referring to Ceylon, said at that time to be the first home of the human race
3 “Gwlad yr Hâf. The land of Summer. An
imaginary country. If a person’s whereabouts is not known, he is said to have
come from, or to have gone to, the land of the Summers. Gwlad yr Haf is the
Welsh name of Somerset-shire.” (WELSH PROVERBS, TRIADS AND TRUISMS
(1873-1890) collected from Llansanffráid ym Mechain by T G Jones, Cyffin)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) land (of) the
summer’ (gwlad = land) + (yr definite article) + (haf = summer)
(delwedd 7461)
Ynyswydrin = Glastonbury
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Sais <gwlaad
ə SAIS> [ˡgwlɑːd ə ˡsaɪs] (f)
1 (literary or humorous) England (“(the) land (of) the Englishman”, the
Englishman’s country)
Bûm yn byw yng Ngwlad y Sais am dros ddeng mlynedd I lived in England
for over ten years
:_______________________________.
Gwlad y Tylwyth Teg <gwaad ə
TƏ-luith-TEEG> [ˡgwlɑːd
ə ˡtəlʊɪθ ˡteːg] (f)
1 Fairyland, land of the
fairy folk
yng Ngwlad y Tylwyth Teg in
Fairyland
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (y = the) + (tylwyth teg = fairies, ‘fair family’)
:_______________________________.
gwlân
<GwLAAN> [gwlɑːn] (m)
PLURAL: gwlanoedd
<GWLAA-noidh -odh> [ˡgwlɑˑnɔɪð,
-ɔð]
1 wool =
hair of sheep used for making yarn (Scotland: oo)
2 wool = thread or yarn from the fleece of a sheep or other animals
chwalu gwlân tease or card wool
dillad gwlân
“woollies”, woolen / woollen clothing, woolen / woollen clothes
dilledyn gwlân “woollie”, woolen
jersey
y diwydiant gwlân the woolen /
woollen industry
ffatri wlân woolen / woollen mill
lliwiedig yn y gwlân dyed in the
wool = dyed before spinning into woolen yarn
MASNACH: y fasnach wlân the woolen /
woollen trade
masnachwr gwlân woolen / woollen
merchant, woolman
melin wlân woolen / woollen mill
nwyddau gwlân woolen / woollen goods
olew gwlân wool oil
saim gwlân wool fat
sypyn gwlân woolpack
4 wool = a material which is light like wool
5 wool = a material which is fibrous like wool
gwlân dur steel wool
6 fluff, down = pappus, downy tuft in place of a calyx in some
plants for dispersal of the seed in the breeze
gwlân ysgall thistle down (“wool
(of) thistle”)
Also gwlaniach ysgall thistle down
(“fluff (of) thistle”)
7 gwlân cotwm (cotton
made absorbent by removal of seeds and wax, bleached and sterilized) (American:
cotton, absorbent cotton) (Englandic: cotton wool)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwlân < British
< Celtic *wlanâ <
Indo-European *wel
From the same British root: Cornish gwlan
(= wool) , Breton gloan (= wool)
From the same Indo-european root:
Latin lâna (= wool) (as in English lanolin),
Greek linos;
Germanic languages: English wool, German Wolle (= wool), Old Norse ull
(= wool).
The corresponding word in Latin is vellus
(= fleece)
:_______________________________.
gwlanen,
gwlanennau <GWLAA-nen, gwla-NE-nai,
-ne> [ˡgwlɑˑnɛn,
gwlaˡnɛnaɪ, -ɛ] (f)
1
flannel
y wlanen the flannel
London, 1825. Observations on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly
with a glossary of words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces,
exemplifying the dialect. By James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the
Metropolitan Library Institution, London.
Vlan'nin. s[ubstantive]. Flannel
:_______________________________.
gwlaniach <GWLAN-yakh> [ˡgwlanjax] (m)
1 fine wool
2 scraps of wool
3 fluff, down = pappus, downy tuft in place of a calyx in some
plants for dispersal of the seed in the breeze
gwlaniach ysgall thistle down
(“fluff (of) thistle”)
3 wool waste
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlân = wool) + (-i-ach = diminutive suffix added to
PLURAL: nouns or collective nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwlanog <GWLAA-nog> [ˡgwlɑˑnɔg] (adjective)
1
woolen (Englandic: woollen)
2
helygen wlanog (helyg gwlanog) (Salix lanata) woolly
willow
helygen wlanog hirddail (Salix lapponum)
downy willow
:_______________________________.
gwledd <GWLEEDH> [ˡgwleːð] (f)
PLURAL: gwleddoedd
<GWLEE-dhoidh
-odh> [ˡgwleˑðɔɪð
-ɔð]
1 feast, banquet (colloquial: spread)
y wledd the feast
gwledd briodas wedding feast
cynnal gwledd hold a feast
rhoi gwledd give a feast, hold a
feast
a splendid and abundant meal,
2
feast = exquisite enjoyment
3
spiritual feast
y wledd nefol heavenly bliss
4
gloddest (m) revelling
Arfon, Gwynedd: gwleddast gloddest is probably from < *glwddest < *gwleddest (gwledd =
feast) + (-est = suffix)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwledd < British
*wlid < Celtic *wlid-â
From the same British root: Breton gloez,
found in the dialect of Gwened as gloé
(= banquet)
From the same Celtic root: Irish fleá
<f’l’aa> [f’l’ɑː] (=feast, festival) < fleadh;
Also the Gaulish name Vlido-riks
(banquet + king)
:_______________________________.
gwledda <GWLEE-dha> [ˡgwleˑða] (verb)
1
to feast
:_______________________________.
Gwledig Prydain <GwLEE-dig
PRƏ-den> [ˡgwleˑdɪg
ˡprədaɪn / ˡprədɛn]
(m)
1
ruler of Brittania (head of the Roman army in the Roman province of Brittania)
(See Macsen Wledig)
:_______________________________.
gwledydd <GWLEE-didh> [ˡgwleˑdɪð]
(PLURAL: noun)
1
countries: see gwlad
:_______________________________.
gwleidydd,
gwleidyddion <GWLEI-didh, gwlei-DƏDH-yon> [ˡgwləɪdɪð,
gwləɪˡdəðjɔn] (m)
1
politician
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlad = country) + (-ydd suffix) a
> ei though the influence of the y in the final syllable
:_______________________________.
gwleidyddiaeth <gwlei-DƏDH-yaith
-yeth> [gwləɪˡdəðjaɪθ
- jɛθ] (f)
1
politics
ETYMOLOGY: (gwladydd- < gwelidydd = politician, statesman) + (-i-aeth noun
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwleidyddol <gw-lei-DƏ-dhol> [gwləɪˡdƏðɔl] adjective
1
political
2
cyflawni hunanddistryw gwleidyddol
commit politicial suicide
ETYMOLOGY: (gwleidydd = politician)
+ (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwli <guu-li> [ˡguˑlɪ] (f)
PLURAL: gwlis <GUU-lis> [ˡguˑlɪs]
South-east
Wales
1 back lane between two terraces
Roedd y plant yn chwarae yn y gwli
The children were playing in the back lane
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwli < English gully < gullet < Middle English
golet < Old French goulet < Latin gula (= throat)
NOTE: Also: gyli <GƏ-li> [ˡgəlɪ] from the standard
English pronunciation gully
The two forms are in use in Cambrian English gwli, gyli
:_______________________________.
gwlith, gwlithoedd <GWLIITH,
GWLII-thoidh -odh> [gwliːθ,
ˡgwliˑθɔɪð,
ˡgwliˑθɔð] (m)
1
dew
:_______________________________.
gwlithfalwen <gwlith-VAL-wen> [gwlɪθˡvalwɛn] (f)
PLURAL: gwlithfalwod
<gwlith-VAL-wod> [ˡgwlɪθvalwɔd]
1
slug
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlith= dew) + soft
mutation + ( malwen = snail or slug)
:_______________________________.
gwlithog <GWLI-thog> [ˡgwliˑθɔg] (adjective)
1
dewy
:_______________________________.
gwlithyn <GWLII-thin> [ˡgwliˑθɪn] (m)
1 dewdrop
:_______________________________.
gwlyb <GWLIIB> [gwliːb] (adjective)
1
wet
2 gwlyb siwps <gwliib SHUPS> [ˡgwliːb
ˡʃʊps]
sopping wet
:_______________________________.
gwlychfa <GWLəKH-va> [ˡgwləxva] f
1
soaking, drenching
cael gwlychfa get a soaking, get
soaked, get drenched
cael gwlychfa at eich croen get
soaked to the skin
bod yn wlychfa o chwys be soaked in
sweat, be drowning in sweat
ETYMOLOGY: (gwlych- stem of gwlychu = to soak) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating an
action)
NOTE: colloquial form g’lychfa / glychfa
:_______________________________.
gwlychu <GWLƏ-khi> [ˡgwləxɪ] (verb)
1
to wet
2 gwlychu pig / gwlychu’ch
pig wet your whistle, have a drink (“wet your beak”)
:_______________________________.
gwm swigod <gum-SWII-god> [gʊm ˡswiˑgɔd] (m)
1 bubble gum
ETYMOLOGY: “gum (of) bubbles” (gwm =
gum) + (swigod = bubbles, < yswigod, PLURAL: of yswigen (= bubble))
:_______________________________.
gwn <GUN> [gʊn] (verb)
1 (from gwybod = to know)
I know
Wn i ddim I don’t know
2 ddim am wn i not as far
as I know
Odi e wedi cael fflat newydd? Ddim am wn
i Has he got a new flat? Not as far as I know
“no, for the-thing-that I know” ddim am
wn i < ddim am a wn i (ddim = not) + (am = around, for) + (a = the-thing-that) + soft mutation + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)
3 ddim hyd y gwn i not as
far as I know
“no, as-far-as that I know”) (hyd =
as far as, length) + (y = preverbal
particle) + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)
:_______________________________.
gwn <GUN> [gʊn] (m)
PLURAL:
gynnau <GƏ-nai,
-ne> [gʊn], [ˡgənaɪ, -nɛ]
1
gun
o flaen gwn at gunpoint (“in front
(of) (a ) gun”)
2 clec gwn gunshot
Dyna glec gwn A shot rang out, there
was the sound of a gunshot (“See-there (the) bang (of a) gun”)
3
yn ffroen gwn at gunpoint (“in nose
(of) gun”)
4 gwn dŵr PLURAL: gynnau dŵr (USA: squirt gun)
(Englandic: water pistol)
5
gwn gwrth-derfysg riot gun
gwn rhag terfysg riot gun
:_______________________________.
gwnaeth <GWNAITH> [gwnaɪθ] (verb)
NOTE: Colloquially: naath (usually
spelt nath)
1
made, did; third person singular of the preterite gwneud (= to do)
2
a wnaeth who did, who made; which
did, which made. Gwnaeth = third
person singular of the preterite gwneud
(= to do)
Pa beth a wnaeth ef? > Be’ naath e? What did he do? ((“it is”)
what thing that he did?”)
:_______________________________.
gwnaf <GWNAAV> [gwnɑːv]
1 I shall do
Colloquially gwnaf fi > gna i, na i
2
(used to confirm an action stated in a previous verb)
Colloquially gwnaf > gnaf
Ond os bydd rhyw air ar y meddwl
i, mi deydai o’n (= mi’i deuda i o’n) ddigon rhydd a dilol, gnaf neno dyn.
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910) t69
But if there is some word on my mind I’ll say it quite frankly and freely, by
Jove I shall
:_______________________________.
gwnaiff <GWNAIF> [gwnaɪf] (verb)
1 (she / he / it) will do, will make. Third person singular of the
present-future tense of gwneud (=
make / do)
cymryd hynny a wnaiff e (container,
receptacle) take as much as it can hold
:_______________________________.
gwndwn <GUNdun> [ˡgʊndʊn]
(m)
1
form of gwyndwn (qv) (= layland, hay
meadow) < gwyndon (gwyn = white) +
soft mutation + (ton = meadow) (The standard form gwyndwn shows a
change of final o > w)
..a/ (Y) Gwndwn name of a farm
SN1832 1km south of Crymych (county of Penfro)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=209276
……………………………………..
..b/ Penygwndwn (“(the) end (of) the
meadow”)
In Blaenau Ffestiniog SH7045 (county of Gwynedd), there are “Penygwndwn
Bungalows” (which in Welsh would be Tai
Penygwndwn) and “Penygwndwn Estate” (which in Welsh would be Stad Penygwndwn)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=310924
Blaenauffestiniog
……………………………………..
..c/ (Y) Gwndwn farm SN4737 north of
New Inn, county of Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=213747
……………………………………..
..d/ (Y) Gwndwn farm S01623 near Y
Bwlch (Brycheiniog), Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/739388
……………………………………..
..e/ (Y) Gwndwn farm SN1740 Bridell
(county of Penfro)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=216477
……………………………………..
..f/ (Y) Gwndwn-gwyn farm SM9027 by
Pontyrhafod (county of Penfro)
(“the white meadow”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/520739
……………………………………..
..g/ Gwndwn-wal farm SO1129 by
Llanfihangel Tal-y-llyn (county of Powys)
gwndwn y wal (“(the) meadow (by) the wall”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1129
……………………………………..
..h/ Pengwndwn farm SN0235 by
(county of Penfro)
pen y gwndwn (“(the) end / edge (of ) the meadow”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/476779
……………………………………..
..i/ Tyngwndwn farm SN5362 by
Rhosyrhafod ( “ Cross Inn ” ) SN5464 (county of Ceredigion)
tyn (= tyddyn) y gwndwn (“(the) smallholding (by) the meadow”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5362
……………………………………..
..j/ Tyngwndwn farm SN5973
north-east of Llanddeiniol (county of Ceredigion)
tyn (= tyddyn) y gwndwn (“(the) smallholding (by) the meadow”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN5873
:_______________________________.
gwnêl <GWNEEL> [gwneːl] (verb)
1 Third person singular present subjunctive
form, equivalent to gwnelo
A wnêl mad, mad a ddyly (archaic
Welsh) One good turn deserves another (“the-person-who may-do good, (it-is)
good that-he deserves”)
:_______________________________.
gwnelo <GWNEEL-o> [ˡgwneˑlɔ] (verb)
1 Third person singular present subjunctive
form,
ni + bod a wnelo ddim oll â have nothing at all to do with
Nid oedd a wnelo’r gorseddau
hyn ddim oll â’r Eisteddfod
These gorsedd
(association of bards) meetings had nothing at all to do with the Eisteddfod
(literary and siniging competition)
:_______________________________.
..1 gwneud <GWNEID>
[ˡgwnƏɪd] (verb)
1
(verb with an object) make = create, manufacture
2 to do
cael gan rywun wneud rhywbeth get
somebody to do something
gwneud fel arall do otherwise
3 gwneud tro pedol (verb) make a U turn
4 cael gwneud eich gwallt
have a hair do
5 Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud
I hardly know what to do
6 (money)
ARIAN: gwneud arian mawr make a fortune (“make big money”)
ELW: gwneud elw (o...) make a profit
(out of...)
FFORTIWN: fortune = riches
gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune
(“make your fortune”)
7 gwneud clust fel hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears (“make (the)
ear like (a) sow in barley”)
8 gwneud yn unol â’ch
dymuniadau comply with your wishes (“do in unison with your wishes”)
9 Gwnewch le! Make way!
Gangway!
8 gwneud heddwch make peace
9 gwneud rhywbeth ar her
do something for a dare (“do something on challenge”)
10
(in describing seasons)
gwneud gwanwyn cynnar be an early
spring,
gwneud gaeaf hynod o galed be an
exceptionally hard winter
11 (in certain weather expressions)
gwneud glaw trwm rain heavily
Mae’n siŵr o wneud tywydd eira It’s
bound to snow (“it’s sure of making weather (of) snow”)
12 hanner gwneud pethau
do things by halves = do in an incomplete way
13 ei wneud e do it =
have sex
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel cwningen She
fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like a rabbit”)
Mae hi’n ei wneud e fel dŵr She
fucks like a bunny rabbit (“she does it like water”)
14 ceisio gwneud yr amhosib’
try to do the impossible
15 gwneud arwydd ar rywun i
wneud rhywbeth signal to somebody to do something (“make a sign on somebody
to do something”)
16 gwneud (rhywbeth) yn
(rhywbeth) change (something) into (something)
Dyma i chwi engraifft arall, sef enw’r
nant a elwir yn Hawnant neu Hownant; y mae rhai o’r bobl sydd yn medru
ysgrifennu yn ei gwneyd yn Hoffnant, a Blaenhoffnant a welir uwch ben drws
gwesty yn y Cwm. (Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys/ Cymru / Cyfrol
XI. RHIF 63. Hydref 15fed, 1896)
Here’s another example for you, namely the stream called Hawnant or Hownant; some people who
can write change it into Hoffnant, and Blaenhoffnant is to be seen above the
door of the hotel in the valley.
17
used to emphasise a verb - I continued > “(it is) continue (that) I did”
Daeth Arfon Griffiths yn un swydd i
Benmachno i chwilio amdano er mwyn ei gael i arwyddo i Dîm Pêl-droed Wrecsam.
Ond gwrthod arwyddo a wnaeth, ac fe fu hynny o fantais mawr i dîm Machno.
Arfon Griffiths came specially to Penmachno i look for him to get him to sign
for Wrecsam Football Team. But he refused to sign, and thsi was of great
benefit for the Machno team
Sometimes omitted ; here a wnai (=
that he would do, that he used to do) is understood:
Arferai Ifan yrru’r bws ysgol i
Benmachno. Byddem yn tynnu arno o gefn y bws nes y byddai wedi gwylltio’n
gacwn. Stopio’r bws wedyn wrth y tro i Benmachno a’n hel i ffwrdd i gerdded
adref. Ifan used to drive the school bus to Penmachno. We’d mock him from
the back of the bus until he was hopping mad. He’d stop the bus then at the
Penmachno turn and make us get out and walk home
18 GWNEUD + noun (many of these phrases also appear in other
sections in this entry – weather, money, etc)
a/
ACHWYNIAD = complaint
gwneud achwyniad ( yn erbyn) present / lodge a complaint (against)
ARIAN = money
gwneud arian mawr make a fortune
(“make big money”)
gwneud arian sydyn get rich quick
c/
CLUST = ear
gwneud clust hwch mewn haidd prick up your ears (“make (the) ear (of) (a)
sow in barley”)
CYFIAWNDER = justice
gwneud cyfiawnder â’r dasg rise to
the occasion, be up to the job (“do justice to the task”)
d/
DRWG = harm
gwneud drwg i to harm (somebody)
e/
ELW = profit
gwneud elw (o...) make a profit (out
of...)
f/
FFORTIWN: fortune = riches
gwneud eich ffortiwn make a fortune
(“make your fortune”)
g/
GAEAF = winter
gwneud gaeaf hynod o galed be an
exceptionally hard winter
GLAW = rain
gwneud glaw trwm rain heavily
GWANWYN = spring
gwneud gwanwyn cynnar be an early
spring
h/
HEDDWCH = peace
gwneud heddwch make peace
l/
LLE = place
gwneud lle to make way
Gwnewch le! Make way! Gangway!
p/
PENYD = penance
gwneud penyd do penance
gwneud penyd yn y carchar do a stretch
in prison, serve a prison sentence
r/
RHUTHRIAD / RHUTHRAD = rush
gwneud rhuthrad ar storm (a
building), take (a building) by a violent assault (“make an incursion on”)
y/
YMDRECH = effort
gwneud ymdrech i wneud (rhywbeth)
attempt to do (something) (“make an effort...”)
YMGAIS = attempt
gwneud ymgais i wneud (rhywbeth)
attempt to do (something) (“make an attempt...”)
:_______________________________.
..2 gwneud <GWNEID>
[ˡgwnƏɪd] adjective
1 artificial,
invented, made-up, synthetic
lliwiad gwneud artifical colo(u)ring
lledr gwneud = synthetic leather
blodyn gwneud artificial flower
porthladd gwneud artifical harbour
sidan gwneud artificial silk
2 perl gwneud cultivated
pearl, cultured pearl
3 (sentiments) false, artificial, not natural, feigned
chwerthin gwneud = feigned laughter,
forced laughter
sirioldeb gwneud feigned
cheerfulness
4 (word) coined, invented; not formed in a way considered usual
gair gwneud invented word
iaith wneud artificial language
5 manufactured, processed
bwydydd gwneud processed foods
6 maufactured, made-up, false, untrue, fictional
stori wneud a manufactured story
7 gwneud osgo mynd
make as if to go (“make (a) posture (of) going”)
8 (clock time)
Faint wnaiff hi o’r gloch, meddwch chi?
What time do you reckon it is?
ETYMOLOGY: gwneud = done, made; stem
of the verbnoun gwneud = to do, to
make, used as a past participle
:_______________________________.
gwneud amdanoch ei hun
1 kill oneself, top oneself, do oneself in, commit suicide
ETYMOLOGY: (gwneud = do) + (amdanoch = about you, for you) + (eich hun of yourself)
:_______________________________.
gwneud diwedd
arnoch eich hun
1 put an end to one’s life, commit suicide kill oneself
ETYMOLOGY: “make (an) end on yourself”) (gwneud
= do, make) + (diwedd = end) + (arnoch = on you) + (eich hun of yourself)
:_______________________________.
gwneud eich
diwedd chi
1 put an end to one’s life, commit suicide kill oneself
ETYMOLOGY: “make your end of you”) (gwneud
= do, make) + (eich = your) + (diwedd = end) + (vos = of you)
:_______________________________.
gwneud y tro <gwneid-ə-TROO> [gwnəɪd
ə ˡtroː]
1 suit, do = fit the purpose, fit the bill, be useful
though not entirely adequate
gwneud y tro i’r dim do nicely
wnaiff mo’r tro it won’t do, it’s no
good
Fe wnaiff y bocs ’ma’r tro yn iawn
This box will do me fine
2 gwneud y tro i make do
with
Bu raid i’r car hwnnw wneud y tro i mi
am bedair blynedd I had to make do with that car for four years, that car
had to do me for four years
Fe wnaiff hwn y tro i mi This’ll do
me, this will suit my purpose
ETYMOLOGY: (gwneud = to do, to make)
+ (y definite article, the) + ( tro = turn)
:_______________________________.
gwnewch yr un
fath â mi <GWNEUKH-ər-iin-VAATH-a-MII> [ˡgwnɛʊx
ər iːn vɑːθ a miː] -
1 (Game) (USA: follow the leader) (Englandic: follow my leader)
ETYMOLOGY: “do the same sort as me” (gwnewch
= you (PLURAL:) do) + (yr un = the
same) + soft mutation + (math =
sort) + (â mi = as me)
:_______________________________.
gwniadur, gwniaduron <gun-YAA-dir,
gun-ya-DII-ron> [gʊnˡjɑˑdɪr,
gʊnjaˡdiˑrɔn] (masculine or (f))
1
thimble
y gwniadur / yr wniadur the thimble
:_______________________________.
gwniadwaith <gun-YAD-waith> [gʊnˡjadwaɪθ] (m)
1 sewing
:_______________________________.
gwnidog <gu-NII-dog> [gʊˡniˑdɔg]
1 A
colloquial form of gweinidog (= minister)
:_______________________________.
Gwninger ‹ gu-NI-nger› [gʊˡnɪŋɛr]
1 Y
Gwninger SH8156 a farm by Capelgarmon (county of Conwy, north-west
Wales)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH8156
(delwedd 9457)
ETYMOLOGY: y gwninger “the rabbit warren” (y definite article) +
soft mutation + (cwninger rabbit warren)
Cwninger < Middle English conynger
(modern English place names as coneygar)
< Old French coniniere / coniliere
< Latin cunicularium < cunîculus (= rabbit)
See cwninger
:_______________________________.
gwnïo <gu-NII-o> [gʊˡniˑɔ]
(verb)
1 to sew
:_______________________________.
gwobr, gwobrau (f)
1 prize
y wobr the prize
2 heavenly reward, salvation
Mathew 5:12 Byddwch lawen a hyfryd;
canys mawr yw eich gwobr yn y nefoedd
Matthew 2:12 Rejoice and be exceeding glad; for great is your reward in heaven
:_______________________________.
gworlod <GWOR-lod> [ˡgwɔrlɔd] (f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay
meadow)
……………………………
Worlodyrawel (“Worlod yr Awel”)
House name in Llanddewi
Ysgyryd (“(the) hay meadow (of) the breeze”, breezy hay meadow)
……………………………
Penyworlod SO3626 Farm near
Rowlestone, Herefordshire pen y worlod / pen y weirglodd “(the) end /
top / head (of) the hay-meadow”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1187649
map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/448719
map
……………………………
Penyworlod SO3626 Farm in Herefordshire, in Dyffryn Euas / Ewyas Valley near Capel-y-ffin, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/273211
……………………………
Penyworlod SO0840 Farm by
Crucadarn, Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/559572
map
……………………………
Penyworlod Farm in Llanfair ym
Muallt
……………………………
Penyworlod Farm in Y Pandy / Llanwytherin (Englished as
“Llanvetherine”), Y Fenni
……………………………
Gworlod Glan y Pant
D.D. 19. Deed Poll, dated 25 January 1676-7, being a release, in consideration
of ^^50, of a mortgage for £40 by way of a demise (granted on 6 February 1661-2
by Phillipp Powell late of Lanigon, co. Brecon, deceased, to George Delahay of
the same place, feltmaker, of the undermentioned property for 1000 years at the
yearly rent of 12s.) to Thomas Pritchard, the elder, of the parish of Clifford,
co. Hereford, yeoman, and Johan his wife, the daughter and heiress of said
Phillipp Powell, of the following property : — The house wherein Phillip
Powell, deceased, lately dwelt, with appurtenance, together with five closes of
land connnonly called Kae yr grosse, Tyr y ffa, Pedware kaver, Glan y pant,
Gworlod glan y pant, containing by estimation
Calendar of Deeds
and Documents Volume 1, The Coleman Deeds, Francis Green, 1921
……………………………
:_______________________________.
y gŵr drwg (m)
1
the devil (“the evil man”)
2 ceirios y gŵr drwg (Atropa belladona) deadly nightshade
(“(the) cherries (of) the evil man / the devil”)
:_______________________________.
gŵr, gwŷr (m)
1
man
gŵr llys courtier
2 (especially South Wales)
gwŷr = inhabitants of a specified place;
gwŷr Rhymni = the people of
Rhymni, the inhabitants of Rhymni
iaith gwŷr Morgannwg the dialect of the people of (the region of)
Morgannwg
Campau Gwŷr Rhufain Gesta Romanorum
3 (South-east) gwyr tramor foreigners
4 gŵr neu was (qv)
“man or lad” (Welsh Laws) man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of
a person’s innocence - from an old court procedure where an accused person is
acquitted if enough people can be found who will swear to his innocence); man
of distinction; (South-east Wales) gẃrnewas
, gwrnewâs man, youth (gŵr = man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation + (gwas
= lad)
6
arwr hero (ar- intensive suffix) + soft mutation + (gŵr = man)
7
gwy^r y peisha bäch (= gwy^r y peisiau
bach) (“(the) men (of) the short petticoats”, i.e. kilts)
South-east Wales name for the Highland Regiment from Scotland, used by the
English government in intervening in industrial pursuits in the nineteenth
century in Wales
:_______________________________.
gwr.
1 abbreviation (in a dictionary entry)
..1/ gwreiddiol original
..2/ gwreiddyn root
:_______________________________.
gwrach, gwrachod <GWRAAKH, GWRAA-khod> [ˡgwrɑːx,
ˡgwrɑˑxɔd] (f)
1
witch
y wrach the witch
:_______________________________.
gwrachen <GWRAA-khen> [ˡgwrɑˑxɛn] (f)
1
witch
y wrachen the witch
2 siani wrachen (North Wales) centipede
(“Jane (the) witch”) (Siani = Jane) + soft mutation + (gwrachen =
witch)
:_______________________________.
gwragedd <GWRAA-gedh> [ˡgwrɑˑgɛð]
(PLURAL:
noun)
1
women; PLURAL: of gwraig
:_______________________________.
gwraidd,
gwreiddiau <GWRAIDH.-GWREIDH-yai,
-ye> [gwraɪð, ˡgwrəɪðjaɪ,
-ɛ] (m)
1
root
2 gosod y fwyell ar wraidd y drwg strike at the root of the evil
(“place the axe on the root of the evil”)
3 gwlad eich gwreiddiau your country of
origin (“(the) country (of) your roots”)
:_______________________________.
gwraig, gwragedd <GWRAIG> <GWRAA-gedh> [ˡgwraɪg] [ˡgwrɑˑgɛð] (f)
1
woman
y wraig the woman
2 gwreig-gasäwr mysoginist,
man who hates women
Also casäwr gwragedd
:_______________________________.
gwraig briod,
gwragedd priod <gwraig BRII-od, GWRA-gedh
PRII-od> [ˡgwraɪg briˑod,
gwra gɛð priˑɔd] (f)
1
married woman
:_______________________________.
gwrando (ar) (verb) <GWRAN-do> [ˡgwran
dɔ]
1
to listen to
:_______________________________.
gwrando’n astud <gwran-don A-stid> (verb)
1 to listen carefully
:_______________________________.
gŵr-bonheddig,
PLURAL: gwŷr-bonheddig
<guur-bo-NHEE-ddig, gwiir-NHEE-ddig>
1 gentleman
byw fel gŵr bonheddig live
the life of Riley (“live like a gentleman”)
:_______________________________.
gŵr busnes
1 businessman
ETYMOLOGY:-direct-translation-from-English-”businessman ”
:_______________________________.
gwrcath,
gwrcathod <GUR-kath, gur-KAA-thod> [ˡgʊrkaθ,
gʊrkɑˑθɔd] (m)
1
tomcat, male cat
:_______________________________.
y gŵr
drwg <ə-guur-DRUUG> [ˡə
gʊʊr drʊʊg] (m)
1
the devil (“the evil man”)
2 ceirios y gŵr drwg (Atropa belladona) deadly nightshade
(“(the) cherries (of) the evil man / the devil”)
:_______________________________.
Gwrecsam ‹GWREK-sam› (f)
1 Wrexham (town in the north-east) though Wrecsam
is now used in contemporary Welsh. Considered to be a pedantic spelling. In
use in writing (magazines, books) in the 1800s.
ETYMOLOGY: English Wrexham > Welsh Wrecsam > Gwrecsam. Words beginning with w are generally soft mutated forms with radical gw-. An initial g was added to give it a radical form. .
:_______________________________.
gwreica <GWREI-ka> [ˡgwrƏɪka] (verb)
1 look for a wife (especially referring to an old
man)
2 cathreica (tomcat) seek a female
< cathwreica (cath = cat) + soft mutation + (gwreica =
seek a wife)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwreig- < gwraig =
woman) + (-ha suffix for forming verbs from nouns, usually PLURAL: nouns)
> *gwréig-ha > gwreica (g-h > c)
:_______________________________.
gwreichionen <gwreikh-YOO-nen> [ˡgwrəɪxjoˑnɛn](f)
PLURAL: gwreichion <GWREIKH-yon> [ˡgwrəɪxjɔn]
1
spark = tiny piece of burning material which flies out from a fire, scintilla
y wreichionen the spark
2 spark = tiny piece of burning material produced by friction, as of
metal hitting stone
3 spark = flash of light from an electrical discharge
4 (figurative) spark = beginning (of a movement, etc)
Agorwyd yr ysgol Gymraeg gyntaf yn 1949.
Mae’r gwreichionyn a welwyd yn Llanelli dros hanner can mlynedd yn ôl yn fflam
sy’n dal i losgi heddiw.
The first Welsh-language school was opened in 1949. The spark that was seen in
Llanelli over fifty years ago is a flame which continues to burn to this day
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwreichionen (gwreichion = sparks) + (-en singulative suffix) ; < gwrychion < British
from the same British root: Cornish gwrikhon
= sparks, Breton gwrac’h = sparks
NOTE: There is also a masculine form gwreichionyn
. Colloquially, the Englishism sbarc
is used; (f), PLURAL: sbarcs
:_______________________________.
gwreiddiau <GWREIDH-yai, -ye> [ˡgwrəɪðjaɪ,
-ɛ] (PLURAL: noun)
1
roots; PLURAL: of gwreiddyn
:_______________________________.
gwreiddiol <GWREIDH-yol> [ˡgwrəɪðjɔl] (adjective)
1 original
Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gwr.
2 pechod gwreiddiol original sin
:_______________________________.
gwreiddyn,
gwreiddiau <GWREI-dhin, GWREIDH-yai,
-ye> [ˡgwrəɪðɪn,
gwrəɪðjaɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1 root
Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gwr.
:_______________________________.
gwreig-gasäwr <gwreig-ka-SAA-ur> [gwrəɪgkaˡsɑˑʊr] (m)
PLURAL: gwreig-gasäwyr <gwreig-ka-SAA-wir>
1
mysoginist, man who hates women [gwrəɪgkaˡsɑˑwɪr]
Also casäwr
gwragedd
ETYMOLOGY: (gwreig- = prefixed form
of gwraig = woman) + soft mutation + (casäwr = hater, person who hates )
:_______________________________.
gwrêng <GWREENG> [gwreːŋ]
(m)
PLURAL: gwrengod,
gwrengiaid <GWRENG-od, GWRENG-yaid, -yed> [ˡgwrɛŋod,
gwrɛŋjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 (the) common people,
commoners
gŵr a bonedd high and low, people
of every social condition, everybody (“commoners and gentry”).
cael eich parchu gan wreng a bonheddig
be respected by all
Salmau 49:2 Yn gystal gwreng a
bonheddig, cyfoethog a thlawd ynghyd
Psalm 49:2 Both low and high, rich and poor, together.
Esaia 2:9 A’r gwrêng sydd yn ymgrymu,
a’r bonheddig yn ymostwng: am hynny na faddau iddynt.
Isaiah 2:9 And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself:
therefore forgive them not.
ETYMOLOGY: gwrêng < gwreang, probably gwre’ang < *gwrieang / *gwrie’ang < *gwrieuang
“young man” (gŵr = home) + (ieuang, now ieuanc = young)
:_______________________________.
gwres <GWREES> [gwreːs] (m)
1
heat
:_______________________________.
gwresog <GWRE-sog> [ˡgwrɛsɔg] (adjective)
1
warm (welcome, etc)
)
:_______________________________.
gwresogi <gwre-SOO-gi> [gwrɛˡsoˑgɪ] (verb)
1
to heat, heat up
:_______________________________.
gwresogydd <gwre-SOO-gidh> [ˡgwrɛsoˑgɪð] (m)
PLURAL: gwresogyddion
<gwre-so-GƏDH-yon> [gwrɛsoˡgəðjɔn]
1 heater
ETYMOLOGY: (gwresog-, stem of the
verb gwresogi) + (-ydd noun suffix
for indicating a device or an agent)
:_______________________________.
gwrferch <GUR-verkh> [ˡgʊrvɛrx] (f)
PLURAL: gwrferched <gur-VER-khed> [gʊrˡvɛrxɛd]
1 virago, amazon; mannish
woman
yr wrferch the virago
ETYMOLOGY: (“man-woman”, a woman who is like a man) (gŵr = man) + soft mutation + (merch = woman)
:_______________________________.
Gwrgenau <gur-GEE-nai> [gʊrˡgeˑnaɪ]
1 man’s name
ETYMOLOGY: Gwrgenau / Gorgenau < Gworgenau (gwor-
intensifying prefix, ‘over’) + soft mutation + (cenau = cub, whelp)
:_______________________________.
gwrglo <GUR-glo> [ˡgʊrglɔ]
(f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay meadow) :_______________________________.
gwrglod <GUR-glod> [ˡgʊrglɔd] (f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay
meadow)
:_______________________________.
gŵr gradd <guur GRAADH> [gʊʊr ˡgrɑːð] (m)
PLURAL: gwyr gradd <gwiir GRAADH> [gwiːr ˡgrɑːð]
1 graduate of a university
Osbert Henry Fynes-Clinton (1869-1941), mab rheithor Barlow Moor ger
Didsbury, Manceinion, gŵr gradd o Rydychen, athro Ffrangeg yng Ngholeg Prifysgol
Gogledd Cymru, Bangor, ac awdur “The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor
District”(1913)
Osbert Henry Fynes-Clinton (1869-1941), son of the rector at Barlow Moor near
Didsbury, Manchester, a graduate of Oxford, professor of French in University
College of North Wales, Bangor and author of “The Welsh Vocabulary of the
Bangor District” (1913)
ETYMOLOGY: “graduated man” (gŵr =
man) + (gradd = graduated, stem used as a past participle of graddio
= to graduate)
:_______________________________.
gwrhewcri <gur-HEU-kri> [ˡgʊrhɛʊkrɪ] (m)
1 joking, jocularity
gwrhewcri a ffraethineb ymgom cyfeillion
the jocularity and wit of a conversation between friends
ETYMOLOGY:
..1/ (gwrhëwc, variant of gorhëwg = lively) + (-ri suffix).
..2/ gorhëwg (= lively)
is (gor- intensifying prefix,
‘super-’) + (ewyg = desire) > gorewyg
> gorhewyg, with an intrusive ‘h’ between the two elements, > gorhew’g /
gorhewg
..3/ The word gwrhecri has an
unusual form; it is possibly an imitation of gwrhydi (= bravery, courage)
This is probably (gŵr = man) +
(hydr - obsolete in modern Welsh - =
brave, strong) + (-i = suffix for
forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwrhewcru <gur-HEU-kri> [ˡgʊrhɛʊkrɪ] verb
1 (South Wales) to joke
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrhewcr-, from the noun
gwrhewcri = fun, joking) + (-u = suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwrhyd <GUR-hid> [ˡgʊrhɪd] m
PLURAL: gwrhydau
<gur-HƏ-dai, -e> [gʊrˡhədaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 Variant spelling of gwryd (=fathom)
2 Found in place names
Nant Gwryd SO2206 nant y gwryd “(the) stream (of) the fathom”.
Possibly refers to a deep stream
Y Gwryd SO2206 Farm north-west of Cymtyleri
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/680094
Y Gwryd.
Formerly this was Y Gwryd Mawr (“greater Gwryd”), and nearby was Y Gwryd Bach
(“lesser Gwryd”)
Twyn Gwryd SO2207 twyn y Gwryd “(the) hill (at) Gwryd (farm)”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/508500
map
The Ordnance Survey map spells the farm as Gwrhyd (with an ‘h’), and the
hill as Twyn Gwryd.
ETYMOLOGY: “man-length” (gwr- < gŵr
= man) + (-hyd = length) > gwrhyd > gwryd
(loss of the h is usual when it is at the head of the final syllable
after a consonant. See h)
NOTE: Although gwryd is a more correct spelling, gwrhyd is
accepted as a variant spelling
:_______________________________.
gwrhydau <gur-HƏ-dai, -e> [gʊrˡhədaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 PLURAL: of gwryd (= fathom)
:_______________________________.
gwrhydri <gur-HƏ-dri> [ˡgʊrhədrɪ] (m)
1 courage, bravery, heroism
2 feat, exploit
gwneud gwrhydri show great prowess,
perform a winning deed
cyflawni gwrhydri perform exploits
Yr oedd y ddau frawd wrth eu bodd gyda’r
gwaith o yrru’r ychain i farchnadoedd Lloegr. Dychwelent adref gan ymffrostio
yn y gwrhydri a fyddent wedi ei gyflawni ar eu taith.
The two brothers loved the work of driving the cattle to the markets of
England. The would return home boasting of their exploits (“of the prowess
committed”) on their journey.
ETYMOLOGY: (1) probably (gwr = man)
+ (hydr = strong, brave) + (-i = suffix for forming abstract
nouns); (2) if not, it is gwrhydi
< gworhydri (gwor- = intensifying prefix) + (hydr = strong, brave) + (-i
= suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwrial <GUR-yal> [ˡgʊrjal] (m)
1 (obsolete) battle
2 (obsolete) prowess,
bravery, valour
3 Gwrial (obsolete) man’s
name (= manly bravery)
Equivalent to the Irish name Feargal,
with the same oroign in Common Celtic
ETYMOLOGY: (gŵr = man) + soft
mutation + (gâl = strength); gwr-ghal > gwr-ial.
The element gâl occurs as an element
in other compound words
..1/ anial (= desert, desolate
place) < British (*ande-gal-)
..2/ arial (= passion, courage) <
British (ar = in front of;
intensifier) + (gâl = strength)
..3/ dial (= to get revenge; (noun)
revenge),
..4/ galanas (= hatred; massacre;
destruction)
..5/ gelyn (= enemy)
..6/ Morial (obsolete forename)
(“great boldness”) (mawr, mor- = big, great)
:_______________________________.
Gwrin <GUU-rin> [ˡguˑrɪn] (m)
1 man’s name
2 SH7803 locality and parish
in the county of Powys, near Machynlleth
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Gwrin < Gwryn < Gwrynt < Gwrghynt
< British; equivalent to modern Welsh (gŵr
= man) + soft mutation + (gynt =
people) (from Latin gens, gent- = family;
race)
:_______________________________.
gwrlod <GUR-lod> [ˡgʊrlɔd] (f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay
meadow)
:_______________________________.
gwrlodd <GUR-lodh> [ˡgʊrlɔð] (f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay
meadow)
:_______________________________.
Y Gwrlodde <ə gur-LOO-dhe> [ə
ˡgʊrloˑðɛ] (m)
1 Farm SO1631, near Pengenffordd, Brycheiniog, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=208278
ETYMOLOGY: gwrlodd, gwrlodde, a southern form of gweirglodd, gweirgloddau (= hay-meadow, hay-meadows).
See gweirglodd
:_______________________________.
gŵr
neu was <guur-nei-WAAS> [ˡguːr nəɪ
wɑːs] (m)
PLURAL: gwyrnagweision
<GWIIR-na-GWEI-shon> [ˡgwiːr na
ˡgwəiʃɔn] masculine
1 gŵr neu was (Welsh Laws)
man who is elegible to be a compurgator (testifier of a person’s innocence -
from an old court procedure where an accused person is acquitted if enough people
can be found who will swear to his innocence); man of distinction
2 (South-east Wales) gẃrnewas
, gwrnewâs man, youth
PLURAL: gwrnegwishon o gwrnegwishwn ‘men, menfolk’ as a group
distinct from ‘women, womenfolk’ (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / Dictionary of the
University of Wales: in Cwm Ogwr the word is pronounced gwrnawääs)
ETYMOLOGY: “man or lad” (gŵr =
man) + (neu = or) + soft mutation +
(gwas = lad)
:_______________________________.
gwrogi <gu-ROO-gi> [ˡgʊroˑgɪ] (verb)
1 gwrogi i rywun pay homage to
ETYMOLOGY: gwrogi < gwriogi (gwriog = pertaining to a man) + (-i suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwrolwaith <GWROL-waith> [ˡgwrolwaɪθ] (m)
PLURAL: gwrolweithiau <gwrol-WEITH-yai, -ye> [gwrolˡwƏɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 brave deed
wedi iddo gyflawni ei wrolwaith after doing his brave deed
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrol = valient, brave) + soft
mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________.
gŵr priod,
gwyr priod <guur PRII-od, gwiir PRII-od> [guːr
ˡpriˑɔd,
gwiːr ˡpriˑɔd] (m)
1
married man
:_______________________________.
gwrtharwr <gurth-AA-rur> [gʊrθˡɑˑrʊr] (m)
PLURAL: gwrtharwyr
<gurth-ar-wir> [gʊrθˡarwɪr]
1 anti-hero
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- prefix = contra,
anti) + (arwr = hero)
:_______________________________.
gwrtharwrol <gurth-a-RUU-rol> [gʊrθarˡuˑrɔl]adjective
1
unheroic
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- prefix = contra,
anti) + (arwrol = heroic)
:_______________________________.
gwrthbleidiol <gurth-BLEID-yol> [gʊrθˡbləɪdjɔl]adj)
1
opposition
grŵp gwrthbleidiol mwyaf largest opposition group
Cadeirir y pwyllgorau hyn gan Aelodau Gwrthbleidiol These committees will be chaired by
opposition members
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrthbleid- < gwrthblaid = partit de l’opposició) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwrthbrofadwy <gurth-bro-va-dui> [gʊrθbrɔvˡɑˑdʊɪ] adjective
1 refutable
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrthbrof-, a stem of
the verb gwrthbrofi = refute) + (-adwy, suffix for forming adjectives, =
‘possible’)
:_______________________________.
gwrthbrofi <gurth-BROO-vi> [gʊrθˡbroˑvɪ] verb
1 (verb with an object) disprove, refute
scorch a rumour??
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against)
+ soft mutation + (profi = to prove)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdal <GURTH-dal> [ˡgʊrθdal] (m)
PLURAL: gwrthdaliadau
<gurth-dal-YAA-dai,
-e> [gʊrθdalˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 ‘counter-payment’
galwad wrthdal (f) galwadau gwrthdal
(American: collect call) (Englandic: reversed-charge call)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth = counter-, against) + soft mutation + (tâl = payment)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdaro <gurth-DAA-ro> [gʊrθˡdɑˑrɔ] verb
1 ar lwybr gwrthdaro on a
collison course (“on(a) path (of) colliding”)
2 gwrthdaro collide, hit
each other
3 gwrthdaro â (rhywbeth) collide with (something),
hit (something)
4 (colours) clash (as a noun)
5 (rivals, combatants) clash
gwrthdaro rhwng aelodau teulu cyfoethog
a clash between the members of a rich family
6 conflict gwrthdaro
rhyngwladol international conflict
7 gwrthdrawiad (m) gwrthdrawiadau
collision, clash, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against)
+ soft mutation + (taro = hit,
strike)
:_______________________________.
gwrthddalen <gurth-DHAA-len> [gʊrθˡðɑˑlɛn] (f)
PLURAL: gwrthddalennau
<gurth-dha-LE-nai,
-e> [gʊrθðaˡlɛnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 counterfoil = the part of a check kept as a record
of a payment
yr wrthddalen the counterfoil
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth = counter-, against) + soft mutation + (dalen = leaf, sheet, page)
:_______________________________.
gwrth-derfysg <gurth-DER-visk> [gʊrθˡdɛrvɪsk] (m)
1
gwn gwrth-derfysg riot gun
dryll gwrth-derfysg riot gun
ETYMOLOGY: gwrth- = anti-, contra-,
against ) + soft mutation + ( terfysg
= riot)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdrawiad <gurth-DRAU-yad> [gʊrθˡdraʊjad] (m)
PLURAL: gwrthdrawiadau
<gurth-drau-YAA-dai,
-e> [gʊrθdraʊˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 crash, collision
gwrthdrawiad penben head-on
collision (“collision head (and) head”)
mynd i wrthdrawiad â collide with
(“go to collision with”)
2 confrontation = state of conflict between adverseries
3 clash = disagreement
4 conflict = situation involving two or more parties, one of which
attmpts to gain dominance
Penywaun. Y mae yr addoldy hwn yn mhlwyf
Llanfihangel Llantarnam, tua haner y ffordd o’r Casnewydd i Bontypool... Mae yr
eglwys hon, fel pob un o’r eglwysi ar gyffiniau y Cymry a’r Saeson, wedi
dyoddef mesur mawr o anfantais oddiwrth felldith Babel – cymysgedd ieithoedd,
er’s mwy na deng mlynedd ar hugain. Mae y gwasanaeth yn awr yn cael ei ddwyn yn
mlaen agos, os nad yn gyfan gwbl, yn yr iaith Saesonaeg. Ni fu eglwys Penywaun
ar unrhyw gyfnod o’i hanes yn lluosog iawn. Os bu rhif yr aelodau ar rai adegau
yn gant, ni buont un amser uwchlaw hyny; ac wedi cychwyniad yr achos yn Elim, a
ffurfiad eglwys Annibynol yng Nghwmbran, cyfyngwyd yn fawr ar derfynau yr achos
yn Mhenywaun. Etto, gan fod poblogaeth yr ardal wedi lluosogi yn ddirfawr yn y
pum’ mlynedd ar hugain diweddaf, a’u bod yn debyg o luosogi yn fawr etto mewn
blynyddau dyfydol, mae yma ddigon o faes i bob un o’r tri achos; ac y mae y
rhwystr a barai gwrthdrawiad
y ddwy iaith agos wedi llwyr ddiflanu, trwy fod yr iaith Saesonaeg bellach wedi
mynd yn unig iaith yr ardal (Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes
Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru “History of the Independent Churches of Wales”)
Pen-y-waun. This church is in the parish of Llanfihangel Llantarnam, halfway
between Casnewydd (Newport) and Pont-y-pŵl... This church, as every one of
the churches on the boundaries of the Welsh and the English, has suffered a
great measure of disadvantage from the curse of Babel – a mixture of languages,
for more than thirty years. The service is now carried on almost wholly – if
not completely – in the English language. The church of Pen-y-waun has never
been very numerous at any time in its history. If the number of members on some
occasions was one hundred, they were never at any time above that; and after
the commencement of the cause in Elim, and the setting up of an Independent
church in Cwm-brân, the boundaries of the cause in Pen-y-waun were greatly
constrained. On the other hand, since the population of the area has increased
enormously in the last twenty-five years, and is likely to increase greatly
again in future years, there is enough scope for each one of the three causes;
and the hurdle which the clash of the two languages caused has almost
disappeared completely, since the English language has now become the only
language of the area.
Rees, T & Thomas, J, 1873, Hanes Eglwysi Annibynol Cymru / “History
of the Independent Churches of Wales”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth, prefix = against)
+ soft mutation + ( trawiad = impact)
:_______________________________.
gwrthdynnu <gurth-DƏ-ni> [gʊrθˡdənɪ] verb
1
gwrthdynnu sylw distract attention
gwrthdynnu’ch sylw distract your
attention
gwrthdynnu sylw oddiwrth rywbeth
distract attention from something
2
(verb with an object) (Physics) repel
tynnu a gwrthdynnu attract and repel
3
(verb without an object) retract
4
(verb without an object) draw back
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = contra, against
) + soft mutation + ( tynnu = pull)
:_______________________________.
gwrtheb <GUR-theb> [ˡgʊrθɛb] masculine and (f)
1 obsolete answer
y gwrtheb / yr wrtheb the answer
2 contradiction, paradox
Y mae rhyw wrtheb ryfedd yn agwedd y
bobl hyn...
There’s a certain odd contradiction in the attitude of these people
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth prefix = against)
+ (heb-, verb = to say)
:_______________________________.
gwrthebu <gur-THEE-bi> [gʊrˡθeˑbɪ] verb
1 obsolete answer
2 obsolete contradict
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrtheb = answer) + (-u, suffix for forming verbs) ; there
is an equivalent in Cornish gorthebi
(= to answer)
:_______________________________.
gwrthfrawychiaeth <gurth-vrau-əKH-yaith -yeth> [gʊrθvraʊˡəxjaɪθ,
gʊrθvraʊˡəxjɛθ] (m)
1
antiterrorism
ETYMOLOGY: ( gwrth, prefix = against
) + soft mutation + ( brawychiaeth =
terrorism)
:_______________________________.
gwrthgyferbyniad <gurth-gə-ver-BəN-yad> [ˡgʊrθgəvɛrbənjad] (m)
PLURAL: gwrthgyferbyniadau
<gurth-gəv-er-bən-YAA-de> [gʊrθgəvɛrbənˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 contrast
ETYMOLOGY: ( gwrth, prefix =
against, counter- ) + soft mutation + (cyferbyniad
= contrast, comparació)
:_______________________________.
gwrthgyferbyniol <gurth-gəv-er-BəN-yol> [gʊrθgəvɛrˡbənjɔl]adjective
1 contrasted, contrasting; showing up the difference
between
2 diametrically opposite
mynd i gyfeiriad gwrthgyferbyniol i go in the opposite
direction to
3 Abbreviation (in a dictionary entry): gthg.
= gwrthgyferbyniol contrasting,
standing in contrast
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against;
counter-) + soft mutation + (cyferbyniol
= opposite, contrary)
:_______________________________.
gwrthgyferbynnu (verb)
1 contrast, counterpose, compare
2 Abbreviation (in a dictionary
entry): gthg. = gwrthgyferbynier compare it with..., contrast it with
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against;
counter-) + soft mutation + (cyferbynnu
= to contrast, to compare)
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwrthgyferbynnu <gurth-gə-ver-bə-ni> [gʊrθgəvɛrˡbənɪ]
:_______________________________.
gwrthod <GUR-thod> [ˡgʊrθɔd] (verb)
1
to refuse
2 gwrthod arddel (rhywun /
rhywbeth) disown, repudiate
:_______________________________.
gwrthodiad,
gwrthodiadau <gur-THOD-yad,
gur-thod-YAA-dai -de> [gʊrˡθɔdjad,
gʊrθɔdˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1
refusal
gwrthodiad ar ei ben flat refusal
(“a refusal on its head”)
:_______________________________.
gwrthsafiad <gurth-SAV-yad> [gʊrθˡsavjad] (m)
1
resistance
gwrthsafiad goddefol passive
resistance
gwrthsafiad di-drais passive resistance
:_______________________________.
gwrthsefyll <gurth-SEE-vilh> [gʊrθˡseˑvɪɬ] (verb)
1 (verb with an object) withstand = resist, oppose with
determination, stand up to
:_______________________________.
gwrthstaen <GURTH-stain> [ˡgʊrθstaɪn] adjective
1 stain resistant
dur gwrthstaen stainless steel
ETYMOLOGY: (gwrth- = against) + (staen = stain)
:_______________________________.
gwrthwyneb <gurth-UI-neb> [gʊrθˡʊɪnɛb]
(m)
1
opposite
2 i’r gwrthwyneb far from it, quite the
contrary
:_______________________________.
gwrthwynebiad <gurth-ui-NEB-yad> [gʊrθʊɪˡnɛbjad] (m)
1
oppostion
cwrdd â gwrthwynebiad run up
against opposition (“meet opposition”)
:_______________________________.
gwrthwynebydd,
gwrthwynebwyr <gurth-wi-NEE-bidh,
gurth-wi-NEB-wir> [gʊrθwɪˡneˑbɪð,
gʊrθwɪˡnɛbwɪr] (m)
1
opponent
2 ni + arbed dim (ar
wrthwynebydd) not pull your punches (with an opponent) (“not + save
anything on an opponent”)
:_______________________________.
gwrych ‹GWRIIKH› (m)
PLURAL: gwrychoedd‹GWRƏKH-oidh
› (North Wales)
1 hedge
llwyd y gwrych hedge accentor, hedge sparrow (“brown (bird) (of) the
hedge”)
plygu gwrych build a hedge (“fold a hedge”)
clawdd gwrych hedgebank (“bank (of) hedge”)
Gwrychbedw (“Gwrych Bedw”) farm name
y gwrych bedw “the birch hedge”, unless it is gwrych y bedw “(the)
hedge (by) the birch trees”,
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1048
map
2 bristles
3 hackles = hairs on a dog’s neck
4 gwrych root of the verb gwrychu (= to bristle), used as a past
particple
ar wrych 1 (person) in a bad mood 2 (hair) dishevelled
5 coetrych (South ales) quickset hedge
coetrych < *coed-gh’rych / *coed-gh’rych (coed = wood)
+ soft mutation + (gwrych = hedge)
:_______________________________.
Ə gwrychu ‹GWRƏKH-i› (verb)
1 (hair of a dog) bristle, bristle up = stand
:_______________________________.
gwryd <GU-rid> [ˡgʊrɪd] m
PLURAL: gwrhydau
<gur-HƏ-dai, -e> [gʊrˡhədaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 fathom
Yr
Actau 27:28 Ac wedi iddynt blymio, hwy a’i cawsant yn ugain gwryd:
ac wedi myned ychydig pellach, a phlymio drachefn, hwy a’i cawsant yn bymtheg gwryd.
Acts of the Apostles
27:28 And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms: and when they had gone a little
further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms.
2 Found
in place names
..a/ Nant Gwryd SO2206 nant y gwryd “(the) stream (of) the
fathom”. Possibly refers to a deep stream
Y Gwryd SO2206 Farm north-west of Cymtyleri
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/680094
Y Gwryd.
Formerly this was Y Gwryd Mawr (“greater Gwryd”), and nearby was Y Gwryd Bach
(“lesser Gwryd”)
Twyn Gwryd SO2207 twyn y Gwryd “(the) hill (at) Gwryd (farm)”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/508500
map
The Ordnance Survey map spells the farm as Gwrhyd (with an ‘h’), and the
hill as Twyn Gwryd.
....................................................
..b/ SN7308 Y Gwryd. A farm near Cwmllynfell (“Gwrhyd”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/326080
SN7208 Cefn Gwryd (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (“Cefn Gwrhyd”)
cefn y Gwryd “(the) ridge (by) Y Gwryd (farm)”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/805911
Cefn Gwryd
....................................................
..c/ Y Gwryd Farm south of Pentre (Powys) (“Gwrhyd”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/647380
Y Gwryd
....................................................
..d/ Y Gwryd-mawr Farm near Treleddyd-fawr (county of Penfro)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/502587
map
....................................................
ETYMOLOGY: “man length” (gwr- < gŵr
= man) + (-hyd = length) > gwrhyd > gwryd
(loss of the h is usual when it is at the head of the final syllable
after a consonant. See h)
NOTE: Although gwryd is a more correct spelling, gwrhyd is
accepted as a variant spelling
:_______________________________.
Gwrygon ‹DIN-lhe GuRƏ-gon> [ˡdɪnɬɛ ˡgwrəgɔn]
1 modern Welsh form of the name *vrikon-,
the basis of the Latin name Uriconium forWroxeter. (or Viroconium
Cornoviorum)
Dinlle Gwrygon ‹DIN-lhe GuRƏ-gon> [ˡdɪnɬɛ ˡgwrəgɔn] The Iron Age
hillfort on The Wrekin,
Shropshire. This may
have been the tribal capital of the Cornovii; the Romans built the
nearby town to which they gave the same name as the former hillfort.
Caerwrygon, Wroxeter ‹kair GuRƏ-gon> [kaɪrˡgwrəgɔn]
(Called Cair Guricon circa 800 AD)
(delwedd 7413)
ETYMOLOGY: Gwyrygon, from a British (personal?) name *vrikon-.
NOTE: Dinlle Gwrygon is the name given for The Wrekin in The Welsh
Academy English-Welsh Dictionary.
:_______________________________.
gwst <GUST> [gʊst] (m)
PLURAL: gystion
<GəST-yon> [ˡgəstjɔn]
1 pain
2 in the names of many illnesses or
complaints:
cymalwst gout = inflamation of the big
toe from uric acid deposited in the joint (“joint pain” cymal = joint, articulation)
ergydwst concussion (“impact pain”, ergyd
= blow, impact)
3 Hywst <Hə-ust> [ˡhəʊst] (obsolete) man’s
name (hy- = intensifying prefix) +
soft mutation + ( gwst = heat, burn;
pain)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *gust
(= disappear, die) < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish guais
(= danger)
:_______________________________.
gwta <GU-ta> [ˡgʊta] adjective
1 Soft mutated form (c > g) of cwta
= short; bob-tailed; without a tail (a) Groesgwta
/ Groes Gwta house name ‘the short
cross’ (b) hwch ddu gwta (“sow +
black + tail-less”) a black sow with no tail supposed to chase people in the
dark on Nos Galan Gaeaf (Hallowe’en)
(in the above names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an
adjective which follows a (f)) (c) Clipiodd
ei fwstas yn gwta He cut his moustache short
NOTE: (1) cwta also has a feminine
form cota; after a (f) both gwta and gota occur (iâr gota = a
tailless hen); (2) besides y gwta (=
hare) there is also y gota (= hare)
:_______________________________.
gwter <GU-ter> [ˡgʊtɛr]
1 soft-mutated form of cwter (f) (= stream, ditch, gutter)
:_______________________________.
Y Gwter-fawr <ə GU–ter-VAUR> [ˡə
gʊ–tɛr ˡvaʊr]
1 former name (1800s;
then usually spelt Gwter Fawr) of the village of Brynaman SN7114 (county of
Caerfyrddin)
Pwll y Gwter a former coal mine
here, opened in 1855 (“(the) pit (of) the gutter”)
In ‘Wild Wales’ by George Borrow (1862) the author, an Englishman of Cornish
origin, recounts his trip eight years earlier in 1854. He had stopped by the a
fulling mill on the Lleidiach stream and struck up a conversation in Welsh with
a “decent looking man engaged in sawing a piece of wood by the roadside.”
The man mistakes him for a Northern Welshman, which Borrow does not contradict.
At the close of the conversation the man asks:
Welshman: “Where are you going tonight?”
Borrow: “To Gutter Vawr”
Welshman: “Well, then, you had better not loiter, Gutter Vawr is a long way off
over the mountain. It will be dark, I am afraid, long before you get to Gutter
Vawr. Good evening David! I am glad to have seen you, for I have long wished to
see a man from the north country. Good evening! you will find plenty of good
ale at Gutter Vawr.”
ETYMOLOGY: (“the big gutter”) (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (cwter
= gutter) + soft mutation + (mawr =
big)
:_______________________________.
gwthiad <GUTH-yad> [ˡgʊθjad] (m)
PLURAL: gwthiadau
<guth-YAA-dai -de> [gʊθˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 push, push, thrust
rhoi gwthiad i (rywbeth) give
(something) a push / a shove
ETYMOLOGY: (gwth-, stem of gwthio = to push) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwthio <GUTH-yo> [ˡgʊθjɔ] (verb)
1 to push
2 gwthio (ymosodiad) yn ei ôl
repel (an attack)
3 gwthio eich pig i mewn (i
rywbeth) stick your nose into something (“push your nose...”)
:_______________________________.
Gwy <GUI> [ˡgʊɪ] (f)
1
river name (English name: Wye)
:_______________________________.
gwy <GUI> [gʊɪ] (m)
1 water, fluid (an invented word, not in general use)
2 river
It was used in the form -wy as a
river-name suffix
around 1800-1900.
The great number of river names ending in -wy
(Conwy, Mynwy, Elwy, Ebwy, etc) and the existence of a river with the
name Gwy led to the belief of a
‘primitive word’ gwy meaning
‘water’. Many river names were ‘corrected’ in the last century, and the
supposed suffix was ‘restored’ to names which had supposedly lost it.
Nowadays these invented forms have largely disappeared, though traces remain in
minor place names (house names and street names)
..a/
Aman (river in the county of Caerfyrddin, south-west Wales) >
Amanwy
Parc Amanwy, Rhydaman (is
this from the name of a local poet who took the name of the river as a
pseudonym?)
..b/
Ewenni (SS9177) (river in the county of Bro Morgannwg, south-east Wales) > Ewynwy
..c/
Gorci / Orci > Orchwy (stream in the county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf, south-east Wales)
There is a street called Heol Orchwy in Treorci (county of Rhondda Cynon
Taf)
..d/
Llyfni (county of Gwynedd, north-west Wales) SH4852 > Llyfnwy.
There is a street in Tal-y-sarn called Maesllyfnwy “Maes Llyfnwy”
(“(the) field (on the bank of the river) Llyfni”)
..e/
Llynfi (SS 8983) (river in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east Wales) (historically Llynfi) > Llyfnwy
..f/ Mersi > Merswy (River Mersey, name of the river on the estuary of which
Liverpool, England is situated)
..g/
Ogwr > Ogwy (river in the county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, south-east Wales)
There is a street called Heol Ogwy
(“Ogwy Street”) in Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(delwedd 7452)
Possible
too we can include the river name “Towy”, in Welsh Tywi. The form with
‘o’ is possibly a local form in Welsh > Towi. (The spelling Towy may
be older than the 1800s).
South-west of Llanymddyfri (“Llandovery”) there is a house SN7432 called Glan-Towy
(properly Glantywi, and if the ‘o’ form is a genuine Welsh form, Glantowi
as a spelling of localised pronunciation)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/520948
Glantywi, “Glan-Towy”
One famous example of –wy is the Welsh name for the river Chubut in
Patagonia - Camwy (cam = crooked, winding) + (-wy = water, river)
2
bachwy bay
Not in general use. First instance in 1852. Created from (bach = bend) + soft mutation + (gwy, a word supposedly meaning “water” )
:_______________________________.
gwyach, gwyachod <GUI-akh, gui-AA-khod> [ˡgʊɪax,
gʊɪɑˑxɔd] (f)
1
grebe (waterbird)
yr wyach the grebe
:_______________________________.
gwyach gorniog <gui-akh GORN-yog> [ˡgʊɪax
gornjɔg] (f)
PLURAL: gwyachog
corniog <gui-AA-khod-KORN-yog> [ˡgʊɪɑˑxod
kornjɔg]
1
(Podiceps auritus) Slavonian Grebe
(USA: horned grebe)
ETYMOLOGY: (“horned grebe”) (gwyach
= grebe) + (corniog = horned)
:_______________________________.
gwybedog,
gwybedogion <gwə-BEE-dog, gwə-be-DOG-yon> [ˡgwəbeˑdog,
gwəbɛdɔgjɔn] (m)
1
(bird) flycatcher
ETYMOLOGY: (gwybed = flies) + (-og adjectival suffix) > gwybedog
(= connected in some way to flies)
Probably from a form such as *aderyn gwybedog (“bird
of-flies”)> gwybedog
:_______________________________.
gwybedyn, gwybed <gwə-BEE-din, GWə-bed> [gwəˡbeˑdɪn,
ˡgwəbɛd] (m)
1 gnat
2 fly
gwybedyn y tŷ / gwybedyn tŷ house fly
NOTE: south-east gwybed > gwibed > gwideb / gwitab
:_______________________________.
gwybod [ˡgʊɪbɔd
/ ˡgʊbɔd] (verb)
1
to know
NOTE:
Root: gwy-, gwydd- (01) Present
Indicative: 1 gwn, gwyddom; 2 gwyddost, gwyddoch, 3 gwyr, gwyddant Impersonal: gwybyddys (02) Future: 1 gwybyddaf, gwybyddwn; 2 gwybyddi, gwybyddwch, 3 gwybydd, gwybyddant Impersonal: gwybyddir
Colloquially, the periphrastic form is used
..1 byddaf yn gwybod, bywddwn... 2 byddi..., byddwch... 3 bydd..., byddant... (03) Imperfect Indicative: 1 gwyddwn, gwyddem; 2 gwyddit,
gwyddech; 3 gwyddai, gwyddent;
Impersonal: gwyddid (04) Past
Indicative: 1 gwybûm, gwybuom; 2 gwybuost, gwybuoch; 3 gwybu, gwybuont / gwybuant; Impersonal:
gwybuwyd (05) Pluperfect Indicative:
1 gwybuaswn, gwybuasem; 2 gwybuasit, gwybuasech; 3 gwybuasai, gwybuasent; Impersonal: gwybuesid (06) Present Subjunctive:
..1 gwypwyf, gwypom; 2 gwypych, gwypoch, 3 gwypo, gwypont Impersonal: gwyper
or alternatively
gwybyddwyf, gwybyddom; 2 gwybyddych, gwybyddoch, 3 gwybyddo, gwybyddont Impersonal: gwybydder (07) Imperfect Subjunctive
..1 gwypwn, gwypem; 2 gwypit, gwypech, 3 gwypai, gwypent Impersonal: gwypid
or alternatively
gwybydden, gwybyddem; 2 gwybyddit, gwybyddech, 3 gwybyddai, gwybyddent Impersonal: gwybyddid (08) Imperative: 1 -, gwybyddwn; 1 gwybydd, gwybyddwch; 3 gwyped
/ gwybydded; gwypent / gwybyddent; Impersonal: 1 -, gwybydder
2 ’Fynnwn i ddim i neb wybod
amdano
I wouldn’t want anybody to find out about it
3 gwybod yn sicr bod... know for a fact that...
mi wn yn sicr ei bod e wedi siarad â hi
I know for a fact that he spoke to her
4 Bron na wn i beth i’w wneud I hardly know what to do
5 gwybod ei hyd a’i led
have somebody sized up (“know his length and his width”)
6 Rw i eto heb wybod pam
I still don’t know why (“I am still without knowing why”)
7 rhoi gwybod (am rywbeth) i
intimate (something) to, inform... of (something)
8 gwybyddwch fod...
(imperatiu) know that, understand that
9
gwybotgar curious = keen to know
gwybotgar < gwybód-gar (gwybod = to
know ) + (-gar suffix for forming
adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru
= to love)
10
gwyddost ti you know
wyddost ti you know
Reduced to wsti, sti
11
a wyddost ti do you know?
sti be < a wyddost ti beth do you know what? (question to highlight
information in the following sentence)
12
mae y cwbl yno sydd eisiau ei wybod
everything you need to know is there
ETYMOLOGY: gwybod < *gwy’fod
< *gwyddfod (gwydd- element now obsolete = to see,to discover)
+ soft mutation + (bod = be, being)
From the same British root: Cornish godhvoz (= to know), Breton gouzout,
gout (= to know)
gwydd is related to
..a/ Irish fios (= knowledge)
..b/ Sanskrit veda (= knowledge), (veda = I know)
..c/ Latin vid-êre (= to see)
..d/ Greek id-ón < fid-ón
..e/ (Germanic languages) Old English witan (= to know); modern English wit
(ability to use humorous ingenious language), wits (= mental ability);
German wissen (= to know), Norwegian vite (= to know),
:_______________________________.
gwybodaeth <gui-BOO-daith -eth> [gʊɪˡboˑdaɪθ
-ɛθ] (m)
1 knowledge
2 gwybodaeth o (rywbeth) knowledge of
(something)
Mae ei gwybodaeth o Gatalaneg o fudd mawr iddi
Her knowledge of Catalan is a great advantage for her
:_______________________________.
gwybotgar <gui-BOT-gar> [gʊɪˡbɔtgar] adjective
1
gwybotgar curious = keen to know
ETYMOLOGY: gwybotgar < gwybód-gar (gwybod = to know ) + (-gar
suffix for forming adjectives, meaning ‘fond of’, cf caru = to love)
:_______________________________.
gwybydd <GUI-bidh> [ˡgʊɪbɪð] verb
1 know...! (second person singular imperative of gwybod= to know)
Daniel 6:15 Yna y gwŷr hynny a
ddaethant ynghyd at y brenin, ac a ddywedasant wrth y brenin, Gwybydd, frenin,
mai cyfraith y Mediaid a’r Persiaid yw, na newidier un gorchymyn na deddf a
osodo y brenin.
Daniel 6:15 Then these men assembled unto the king, and said unto the king,
Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians is, That no decree nor
statute which the king establisheth may be changed.
:_______________________________.
gwybyddwch <gui-Bə-dhukh> [gʊɪˡbəðʊx] (verb)
1 gwybyddwch fod... (imperatiu) (second
person PLURAL:) know that, understand that (gwybod = to know)
:_______________________________.
gwych <GWIIKH> [gwiːx] (adjective)
1
splendid
syniad gwych splendid idea,
brainwave (USA: brainstorm)
:_______________________________.
gwychfawr <GWəKH-vaur> [ˡgwəxvaʊr] adjective
1
splendid
adeiladau gwychfawr splendid
buildings
ETYMOLOGY: (gwych- penult form of gwych = splendid) + soft mutation + (mawr = gran)
:_______________________________.
gwydd (=g
ydd)
<GWIIDH> [gwiːð] adjective PLURAL: form
1 wood, trees
See gwydden (= tree) ‹GWƏ-dhen› [ˡgwəðɛn]
:_______________________________.
gwydd (=gydd)
<GWIIDH> [gwiːð] adjective
1
wild
2
(land) uncultivated, overgrown, wild
3
gwythwch (m) (obsolete) wild boar (gwydd
= wild) + (hwch = pig; modern Welsh it
is a (f), meaning ‘sow’) (dd-h > th)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwydd (g-wydd)
< gw-wydd < British <
Celtic < Indoeuropean *wei-d
Indoeuropean *wei-d is the same root
which gave Celtic *widhu > Welsh gwydd (= tree)
Words corresponding to Welsh gwydd (= wild) are :
Breton gouez (= wild)
Irish: fia (= deer; wilderness)
The sense development would have been (pertaining to the forest, of the wood)
> (wild)
The same sequence is seen in Latin (silva
= wood) > salvâticus ( = of the
wood) > Old French sauvage
English savage
Also Latin salvâticus ( = of the
wood) > Catalan salvatge (= wild)
:_______________________________.
gŵydd, gwyddau <GUIDH> [ˡgʊið] <GUI-dhai,
-e> [ˡgʊiðaɪ,
-ɛ] (m)
1
goose
:_______________________________.
Gwyddel,
Gwyddelod <GUI-dhel, gui-DHEE-lod> [ˡgʊɪðɛl,
gʊɪˡðeˑlɔd] (m)
1
Irishman
tri brawd o
Wyddelod three Irish
brothers
Cytiau Gwyddelod “Irishmen’s huts”. Remains of Bronze Age or Iron Age round
dwellings in various places in West Wales.
The reference to Irishmen is from the popular imagination. Although there was
extensive Irish settlement in coastal West Wales, and probably inland too, for
hundreds of years, the huts were in existence many centuries before this.
The name is possibly due to some old (lost) tale which attributed them to Irish
people, or some circumstance which connected them with the Irish settlers in
these western areas.
………………………………..
Cytiau’r Gwyddelod SH2182 « The Irishmen’s Huts », west of
Caergybi (Ynys Môn), between the farms of Y Tŷ-mawr and Y Goferydd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=344273
map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/83150
Cytiau’r Gwyddelod
………………………………..
Cytiau’r Gwyddelod SH2380 « The Irishmen’s Huts », at Porth
Dafarch (Ynys Môn)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=342471
map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/895457
Cytiau’r Gwyddelod
………………………………..
Cytiau’r Gwyddelod SH2280 « The Irishmen’s Huts », north-east
of Penrhosfeilw (Ynys Môn),
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=342472
map
………………………………..
Cytiau’r Gwyddelod SH6145 « The Irishmen’s Huts », Nantmor,
Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/369601
………………………………..
:_______________________________.
Gwyddeleg <GUI-dhel, gui-DHEE-leg> [gʊɪˡðeˑlɛg] ((f), adjective)
1
Irish (language)
:_______________________________.
Gwyddeles,
Gwyddelesau <gui-DHEE-les,
gui-dhe-LE-se> [gʊɪˡðeˑlɛs,
gʊɪðɛˡlɛsaɪ,
gʊɪðɛˡlɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 (f) Irishwoman
y Wyddeles the Irishwoman
:_______________________________.
Gwyddelig <gui-DHEE-lig> [gʊɪˡðeˑlɪg] (adjective)
1
Irish (people, country; not language)
:_______________________________.
gwydden ‹GWƏ-dhen› [ˡgwəðɛn] (f)
PLURAL: gwŷdd
‹gwiidh› [gwiːð]
1 obsolete tree, shrub; occurs as a final element in the names of
some trees
y wydden the tree
Genesis 21:14 Yna y cododd Abrham y
fore, ac a gymerodd fara, a chostrel o ddwfr, ac a’i rhoddes at Agar, gan osod
ar ei hysgwydd hi hynny, a’r bachgen hefyd, ac efe a’i gollyngodd hi ymaith; a
hi a aeth, ac a grwydrodd yn anialwch Beerseba. (21:15) A darfu’r dwfr yn y gostel; a hi a fwriodd
y bachgen dan un o’r gwydd
Genesis 21:14 And Abraham
rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave
it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away:
and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. (21:15) And the
water was spent in the bottle, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs
In Archaeologia Britannica (1707) Edward Lhuyd notes: “gwydd, trees... This is
still used in Caernarvonshire and Meiryonydd”
2 county of Dinbych hedge
3 obsolete timber, wood
(material)
gwyddbwyll (qv) = chess (but
originally a different board game) (“wood-sense”)
4 gwŷdd (qv) =
weaver’s loom (originally = “wooden frame”)
5 North Wales gwŷdd (qv) = plough (originally =
“wooden frame”)
6 -wydden, -wydd in some
compounds, especially in names of trees or shrubs
cadwydd ‹kad-widh› brambles, bramble brake, place full of
brambles (cad = intensifying prefix; this prefix is derived from cad
= battle) + soft mutation + (gwydd = trees, bushes); Welsh < British.
From the same British root: Cornish kazwedh, as in the Cornish place
name Porthkazwedh, English “Cadgwith”)
..1/ derwydd oak trees
..2/ ffawydden beech tree, ffawydd beech trees
..3/ mafonwydd raspberry canes
..4/ marchgastanwydden horse
chestnut tree, marchgastanwydd horse
chestnut trees (marchgastan = horse
chestnut) + soft mutation + (gwydden
= tree)
..5/ myrtwydden myrtle tree, myrtwydd myrtle trees
..6/ pinwydden pine tree, pinwydd pine trees
..7/ sycamorwydden ‹si-ka-mor- WƏ
-dhen› [ˌsɪkamɔrˡwəðɛn] sycamore tree sycamorwydd
‹si-ka- MOR -widh› [ˌsɪkaˡmɔrwɪð] sycamore trees
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic *widhu
Cf English wood < Old English wudu< widu, from the same Indo-European root:
From the same British root: Cornish gwedhenn,
gwedh (= tree), Breton gwezenn
(= tree)
In the Hibernian Celtic languages: Irish fiodh
(= wood, i.e. the material)
Scottish fiodh (= wood, i.e. the
material)
:_______________________________.
gwyddfa <GUIDH-va> [ˡgʊiðva] (m)
1 (place names) tumulus, mound,
hillock
Yr Wyddfa [ər ˡʊiðva] name of the
highest mountain in Wales (English name: Snowdon)
Trewyddfa [trɛˡʊiðva] place in
Abertawe / Swansea
either:
tre’r wyddfa “(the) trêv / farmstead (by) the burial mound” (tref =
trêv) + (definite article yr) + soft mutation + (gwyddfa = burial
mound)
or:
tre’r Wyddfa “(the) trêv / farmstead (by) (the place called) Yr Wyddfa
(the burial mound)” (tref = trêv) + (Yr Wyddfa = the burial
mound)
Yr Wyddfa (definite article yr) + soft mutation + (gwyddfa =
burial mound)
or:
tre Wyddfa “(the) trêv / farmstead (by) (the place called) Gwyddfa
([the] burial mound)” (tref = trêv) + soft mutation + (Gwyddfa =
burial mound)
:_______________________________.
Gwyddgrug <GUIDH-grig> [ˡguiðgrɪg]
1 locality in the county of Caerfyrddin (Dyfed) (SN4635)
ETYMOLOGY: “tumulus, mound, tomb” See the previous entry
:_______________________________.
gwyddgrug <GUIDH-grig> [ˡgʊiðgrɪg] (m)
1 (place names) tumulus, mound,
hillock
Occurs in some place names:
..a/ Cefnwyrgrug SN8196 by Aberhosan
(district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) < cefn yr wyddgrug “(the) hill (of) the tumulus”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=266813
map, Cefnwyrgrug
..b/ Gwyddgrug (SN4635) at
Llanfihangel ar Arth (county of Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1176201
Gwyddgrug
..c/ Y Wyddgrug (=Y 
yddgrug) at Madrun SH6673, near
Abergwyngregyn (county of Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/151498
Madrun, map
..d/ Y Wyddgrug (=Y yddgrug) at Ffordun SJ2200 (district of
Maldwyn, county of Powys)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2200
Ffordun. Map.
..e/ Yr Wyddgrug SJ2363 town in the
county of Y Fflint (English name: Mold)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2363
Yr Wyddgrug. Map.
..............................................................
(delwedd 7429)
ETYMOLOGY: gwydd, a form of gwedd (= form, aspect, shape; face;
?tomb) + soft mutation + ( crug =
tumulus, hillock)
NOTE: In some places [ˡgwɪðgrɪg] , with the
diphthong [ui] reinterpreted as semiconsonant w + [ɪ]
:_______________________________.
gwyddoniadur <gwi-dhon-YAA-dir> [gwɪðɔnˡjɑˑdɪr] (m)
PLURAL: gwyddoniaduron
<gwi-dhon-ya-DII-ron> [ˡgwɪðɔnjadiˑrɔn]
1 encyclopaedia
2 bod yn wyddoniadur ar ddwy
droed be a walking encyclopaedia (“be an encyclopedia on two feet”)
ETYMOLOGY: word coined in 1852 (gwyddon
= scholar) + (-i-adur, suffix
indicating a tool or book)
:_______________________________.
gwyddoniaeth <gui-DHON-yaith -yeth> [gʊɪˡðɔnjaɪθ,
gʊɪˡðɔnjɛθ] (f)
1
science
:_______________________________.
gwyddonol <gui-DHOO-nol> [gʊɪˡðoˑnɔl]
(adjective)
1 scientific
2 ffug-wyddonol
pseudo-scientific
:_______________________________.
gwyddor, gwyddorau <GUI-dhor, gui-DHOO-re> [ˡgʊɪðɔr, gʊɪðoˑraɪ,
gʊɪðoˑraɪ,
-ɛ] (f)
1 alphabet; science
y wyddor the science
2
Gwyddor Ty Domestic Science
ETYMOLOGY: The Welsh word gwyddor is
from Latin abecêdârium (= alphabet)
Latin abecedārium
> British *ab’kēdār-
> Early Welsh *afgwyddawr
> agwyddawr (loss of the
consonant f [v] )
> agwyddor (aw reduced to o in the
final syllable)
> egwyddor (a becomes e)
> gwyddor (e dropped)
The word was confused with the Welsh word of Celtic origin gwydd- (= know, knowing, knowledge), and so the PLURAL: form (gwyddorau) can also mean ‘science’.
Egwyddor is used in modern Welsh in
the sense of ‘principle’.
:_______________________________.
gwyddost <GUI-dhost> [ˡgʊɪðɔst] verb
1 (from the verb gwybod = to
know) you know
Oni wyddost ti mai trwy wneud hynny yr
aeth o’i gof?
Don’t you know that by doing that he went mad?
:_______________________________.
Gwydir <GWII-dir> [ˡgwiˑdɪr] (f)
1 name of a mansion (“plas”) in the parish of Llanrhychwyn, Gwynedd (near
Llan-rwst in the valley of the river Conwy). (The University of Wales list of
place-name spellings recommends the historical form Gwedir, though it is seldom used if at all. Gwydir is the
generally used form in Welsh. On English maps the Welsh misspelling “Gwydyr” is
often found)
2 Bro Gwydir “(the) area
(of) Gwydir”, Gwydir Country.
There is a primary school in Llan-rwst called Ysgol
Bro Gwydir “(the) school (of) Bro Gwydir”
NOTE:
..a/ There is a street in Cambridge, England, named after the mansion – Gwydir
Street. Here it has acquired and English pronunciation <GWAI-də> [ˡgwaɪdə], that is, rhyming
with the English word ‘cider’.
b../ There is a Gwydir River in the northern part of the state of New South
Wales, Australia
INCORRECT ETYMOLOGIES: (the real etymology at the foot of this entry)
There are websites which try to explain this name (and others), and they note
that that a local ‘Welsh-speaker’ has been consulted as if this is some
authentication of an offered derivation. However, the fact that somebody speaks
Welsh is no guarantee of a sensible explanation any more than asking an
“English-speaker” to explain the meaning of London, or Litchfield, or Dover
(all British in origin in fact).
There is a fascination with place names in Welsh popular culture, and popular
etymology is a part of Welsh tradition (as in the tales of the Mabinogi dating
from around 1100, and the wanderngs or the Twrch Trwyth which are used to
explain ‘porcine’ place names in Wales). But it is naïve to think that Welsh is
a simple language and every Welsh-speaker is knowledgable enough to be able to
explain every aspect of it.
The usual explanations are:
..1/ “gwy tir” “watery
land”. See the entry for gwy – this is an invented word (early 1800s)
for ‘fluid’ whose meaning was later expanded to mean water in order to explain
place names which contained this syllable.
If such a word were to be genuine, then one could suppose (gwy = water)
+ soft mutation + (tir = land) > Gwydir, and at least it
results in the current form of the name
But apart from this, it just does not have the pattern of a Welsh place name. Dŵr
/ dwfr is water in Welsh, yet there is no such name in Wales as *Dyfrdir
to suggest ‘watery land’.
..2/ There was also a fascination with ancient battles – which village and
hamlet could resist a suggestion that an important battle took place nearby at
some remote early time? Many place names have been interpreted in the light of
these imaginary early battles. ‘Gwaed’ (blood) is seen to be present, or
imagined to be present, in some place names. Besides battles, there are
sometimes other ingenious explanatons for the presence of ‘blood’ in a place
name.
Another explanation is that Gwydir is “gwaed-dir”, supposedly “bloody
land”, but in fact meaning “blood land”: (gwaed = blood) + soft mutation
+ (tir = land).
Unfortunately for this explanation, the combination would not result in
“gwaed-dir” but “gwaetir”.
For example, the prefix cyd- (= together) and tir (= land) has
resulted not in cyd-dir but cytir (= common land; a word found in
place names).
Gwaetir would be pronounced <gwei-tir> [ˡgwəɪtɪr] though again it
is an unlikely combination for a place name.
..3/ The third popular explanation is that it simply means ‘glass’. This in
Welsh is gwydr <gwidr> [gwɪdr] (from British vitr-,
from Latin vitr- / vitrum = glass).
Colloquially it would become disyllabic, with an echo vowel breaking up the
final consonant cluster gwydyr <gwi-dir> [ˡgwɪdɪr]. Although
Gwydir / gwydyr would have the same pronunciation in South Wales, in the north
a distinction is still maintained between y and i, so it would not be the same
word exactly, though close enough.
Osbert Henry Fynes-Clinton
(1869-1941) notes the pronunciation of gwydr (= glass) as gwydyr in his
Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District (1913).
To explain why a house should be called simply ‘glass’, a story came about that
Gwydir was the first dwelling in the district to have glazed windows.
Other valient attempts at explaining the name are
also wide of the mark as one great flaw in these interpretations is that
earlier forms of the name are not looked at. Other suggestions put forward are
Gwyndir “white land” (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (tir =
land),
Gwydd-dir “wild land”, (gwŷdd = wild) + soft mutation + (tir
= land), and
Gwyrdir “sloping land”, “crooked land” (gŵyr = crooked, bent, askew, slanting) + soft mutation + (tir = land).
An interesting page on the Cambridge Online website juggles with all these
suggested derivations
http://www.colc.co.uk/cambridge/gwydir/name.htm
In fact the name was satisfactorily explained many decades ago.
ETYMOLOGY: ‘lowland’. The usual form of this word is godir < gwodir
(gwo- prefix = under, below,
lower) + soft mutation + (tir =
land).
The contrasting form is gorthir < gworthir ‘upland, highland’ (gwor- prefix = on) + spirant mutation +
(tir = land). (A Pocket Dictionary
Welsh-English, William Richards (1861): Gorthir, n. upper country)
Neither godir or gorthir are current Welsh words.
In the case of Gwydir, the development from *gwodir has been
different
Welsh gwydir < gwedir < *gwadir < *gwodir (gwo- prefix = under, below, lower) +
soft mutation + (tir = land).
..a/ The change gwo- to gwa- occurs in other words in Welsh (gwahardd = forbid, gwahodd = invite).
..b/ The change gwa- to gwe- occurs because of vowel affection -
an y or i in the following
syllable causes a to become e, a usual feature of Welsh. In a
manuscript from the year 1640 it can be seen that the form of the name at that time
was Gwedir
Another example of gwo- > gwa- > gwe- is gwegil (= the nape
of the neck)
..c/ The later change of e to y is unusual Gwedir > Gwydir,
though not unique
The letter y in Welsh is ambiguous, and could represent the obscure vowel [ə],
or a short or long i [i, ii], depending on its position within a word.
In Gwydir it must represent the obscure vowel <gwə-dir> [ˡgwədɪr]..
Compare the colloquial form ynnill for ennill (= to win), or
“Myrthirtidfil” for Merthytudful – examples of the chane e > y in
a tonic syllable
..d/ The change of Gwydir <gwə-dir> [ˡgwədɪr]. > Gwydyr
<gwi-dir> [ˡgwiˑdɪr]
shows a phenomenon in Welsh where the obscure Welsh after gw- in a tonic
syllable tends to become i or y
Probably the influence of common words such as gwynt, gwyntoedd <gwint, GWƏNT-oidh> [gwɪnt, ˡgwəntɔɪð]
(= wind, winds) where colloquially the PLURAL: form gwynto’dd
[ˡgwəntɔð]
has become gwynto’dd [ˡgwɪntɔð], maintaining
the vowel of the singular form.
..e/ Gwydir > Gwydyr is either a change of the following vowel to
imitate the preceding vowel (y + i) > (y + y), or the influence of gwydyr
(colloquial for gwydr = glass)
The same compound form as gwydir (*gwodir) is found in the
modern Irish word fothair (= wooded
hollow; steep slope toward a precipice; mountain pasture) < (fo = under) + spirant mutation + (tir = land), and fothair is also
common in Scottish place names
NOTE: The spelling Gwydyr is preferred by the Comisiwn Coedwigaeth / Forestry
Commission
Coedwig Gwydyr Gwydyr Forest, instead of Coedwig Gwydir
.
:_______________________________.
gwydn
(‘gwydyn’) <GWIDN,
GWII-din> [ˡgwɪdn, ˡgwiˑdɪn] (adjective)
1
tough
2 helygen wydn (helyg gwydn) (Salix caprea) goat willow
See: helygen grynddail fwyaf
:_______________________________.
gwydr (gwydyr),
gwydrau <GWIDR,
GWII-dir,GWƏ-drai –e, GWI-drai, -e> [ˡgwɪdr,
ˡgwiˑdɪr,
ˡgwədraɪ, -ɛ, ˡgwɪdraɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1
glass
2 “chimney” = chimney of a lamp, a glass tube around flame of a lamp
:_______________________________.
gwydrach <GWƏ-drakh / GWI-drakh> [ˡgwədrax
/ ˡgwɪdrax] PLURAL: noun
1 small pieces of broken glass, fragments of glass, glass fragments
ETYMOLOGY: (gwydr- < gwydr
= glass) + (-ach PLURAL: diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwydraid,
gwydreidiau <GWƏ-draid, GWI-dred, gwə-DREID-yai,
-ye> [ˡgwədraɪd, ˡgwɪdrɛd,
gwəˡdrəɪdjaɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1
glassful
ETYMOLOGY: (gwydr- < gwydr
= glass) + (-aid suffix denoting
capacity)
:_______________________________.
gwydrin <GWƏ-drin> [ˡgwƏdrɪn] adjective
1 (obsolete) woad = (attribute) of
woad, where woad grows
2 Ynys Wydrin Glastonbury (England) apparently “woad island”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwydr = woad) + (-in suffix for forming adjectives)
The word gwydr is from Latin vitrum
(= glass; woad (Isatis tinctora), plant with a dye for colouring glass)
The suffix -in is found after metals
(heyernin of iron, ariannin of silver, eurin of gold; and
in the case of vegetation, there is derwin = abundant in oaks)
English woad < Old English waad is related to Latin vitrum (= glass)
Wikipedia 2008-11-03: Isatis tinctoria. Julius Casar tells us (in de Bello Gallico) that the
Britanni used to mark their bodies with vitrum; this has often been
assumed to mean that they painted or tattoed themselves with woad. However vitrum
does not translate to "woad", but probably more likely refers to a
type of blue-green glass which was common at the time.
:_______________________________.
Gwydris <GUI-dris> [ˡgʊɪdrɪs] (f)
1 (SO5719) Goodrich, a village in England on the western bank of the river
Wye (Gwy) 6km south-west of
Ross-on-Wye (Y Rhosan ar Wy in Welsh); halfway between Ross and the Welsh town of Trefynwy (“Monmouth”)
Castell Gwydris Goodrich Castle, a
ruined castle from the 1200’s
ETYMOLOGY: From the English place name “Goodrich”, from the name of the castle,
in Latin
Castellum Godrici (Godric’s
Castle) after Godric of Mappestone, the builder of the first castle, a timber
construction, on the site. He was an English thane and landowner, and in the
1086 Domesday Book he is said to be a tenant of a certain Howel (a Welsh name,
i.e. Hywel). It was possibly built in the late 1080s.
:_______________________________.
gwydroad,
gwydroadau <gwir-DROO-ad,
gwir-dro-AA-de> [gwɪrˡdroˑad,
gwɪrdrɔˡɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1
perversion
gwyrdroad rhywiol sexual perversion
:_______________________________.
gwydroedig <guir-dro-EE-dig> [ˡgʊɪrdrɔeˑdɪg] (adj)
1
perverted
:_______________________________.
gwyfyn, gwyfynod <GWI-vin,
gwi-VI-nod> [ˡgwɪ vɪn, gwɪ vɪ
nɔd] (m)
1
moth
:_______________________________.
gwyl <GUIL> [ˡgʊɪl] (f)
PLURAL: gwyliau
1
festival = celebration
yr wyl the festival
2
feast-day = saint’s day festival
3
gwyliau (USA: vacation) (Englandic:
holiday, vacation), break from work or study for recreation, rest or travel
gwyliau tramor holidays abroad,
foreign holidays
4
cadw gwyl observe a festival
5
Y Gwyliau Christmastide
6
gwyliau (USA: vacation time)
(Englandic: holidays) = part of year when normal activity stops
gwyliau tramor (USA: vacation
abroad) (Englandic: foreign holidays, holidays abroad)
gwyliau ysgol (USA: school vacation)
(Englandic: school holidays)
7
Gwyl, and also Prifwyl, are used to refer to the national eisteddfod; usually with
the definite article. The national eisteddfod = yr Wyl (“the festival”), y
Brifwyl (“the main festival”)
8
obsolete vigil, watch, guard
this sense is the origin of the following expression (still in use):
cadw gwyl bentan stay at home, not go out (“keep a fireside vigil”)
9
noswyl eve = eve of a festival or
religious feast (for fasting, praying)
Noswyl Calan Mai Eve of May Day,
Walpurgis Night (April 30) (“(the) eve (of the) calend (of) May”)
Noswyl Galan New Year’s Eve (31
December) (“(the) eve (of the) calend”)
Noswyl Ifan Midsummer’s Eve (23
June) (“(the) eve (of) John”)
Noswyl Nadolig Christmas Eve (24
December) (“(the) eve (of) Christmas”)
ETYMOLOGY: gwyl < *wyl < *wyghl < British *vigl-
< Latin víg’lia < vígilia (= watch before a religious
festival);
Also from British: Cornish goel (=
feastday), Breton gouel (=
feastday).
Irish féile (= feastday, festival)
is also from Latin vígilia (Lá Fhéile Pádraig = Saint Patrick’s
Day) (“(the) day (of the) festival (of) Pádraig”)
:_______________________________.
Gwylan (f)
1 female name
Perhaps from a poem entitled Gwylan by Eifion Wyn (Eliseus Williams,
Porthmadog; 1867-1926)
in Telynegion Maes a Môr (1906) (“verses (of) field and sea”, i.e. land and
sea)
Yn ymyl y môr y mae caban, / By the sea there is a cabin
Un caban yn ymyl y môr; / One (single) cabin by the sea
Ei gerrig yn llyfn ac yn wynion, / Its stones are smooth and white
A'r gwmon yn bêr wrth ei
ddôr: / And the seaweed is sweet by the door
Ac yno mae merch elwir Gwylan — / And in that place there is a girl whoi is called
Gwylan
Ieuengaf a thecaf ei thad;
/ The youngest and the fairest (one) of her father
Gwylanod y môr ei llateion, / The gulls of the sea are her love messengers
Ac erwau y môr ei hystad / And the acres
of the sea are her estate
:_______________________________.
gwylan,
gwylannod, gwylain <GUI-lan, gui-LAA-nod,
GUI-lain> [ˡgʊɪlan,
gʊɪlɑˑnɔd,
gʊɪlaɪn] (f)
Less correctly: <GWII-lan, gwi-LAA-nod,
GWII-lain> [ˡgwiˑlan, gwɪlɑˑnɔd,
gwɪlaɪn]
1
gull, seagull
yr wylan the gull
(less correctly: y
wylan)
gwylan benddu (Larus ridibundus)
black-headed gull
2 Tinddu medd y frân wrth y wylan
the pot calling the kettle black (“black-arse said the crow to the seagull”)
3 place names:
Gwylain “seagulls” name of a house in Bangor (Gwynedd)
Yr Wylan Title of the papur bro (Welsh-language
community newspaper) in Porthmadog (covering also Tremadog,
Penrhyndeudraeth and Beddgelert)
Yr Wylan Name of a restaurant in Porthmadog
Closyrwylan Street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) “(the) close (of) the
seagull”, “seagull close” (spelt as “Clos yr Wylan”)
Cwrtyrwylan House in Dinbych y Pysgod / Tenby (Sir Benfro) “(the) court
(of) the seagull”, “seagull court” (spelt as “Cwrt yr Wylan”)
Aelwydyrwylan House in Dinbych y Pysgod / Tenby (Sir Benfro) “(the)
hearth (of) the seagull”, “seagull hearth” (spelt as “Aelwyd yr
Wylan”)
Sŵnyrwylan house in Y Ceinewydd (Ceredigion) “(the) sound (of) the
seagull” (spelt as “Sŵn yr Wylan”)
Graigyrwylan Street in Caerffili “(the) rock / crag (of) the seagull”,
“seagull crag” (spelt as “Graig yr Wylan”)
Craigyrwylan house name in Cwm-y-glo, Gwynedd (spelt as “Craig yr
Wylan”)
Street name Wernywylan (“(the) moor (of) the seagull”) (the expected
form would be gwern yr wylan)
..a/ Llandudno, county of Conwy SH7881 (spelt as “Wern y Wylan”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/863426
..b/ Cricieth, county of Gwynedd SH5083 (spelt as “Wern y Wylan”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5038
..c/ Morfanefyn, county
of Gwynedd SH2840 (spelt as “Wern y Wylan”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1427465
..d/ Street name / hamlet east of
Llanddona, Ynys Môn / Anglesey SH5679 (spelt as “Wern y Wylan”; on Google Map as “Wern y Wylan Court”)
Also a
house here built by the Liberal politician Sir Harry Verney in the early
20th century.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/950350
He was the son of Sir Edmund Verney, 3rd Baronet,
who had unsuccessfully stood for election to the London Parliament for the
constituency of Anglesey in 1874, and became M.P. for Buckingham (1885-1886,
1889-1891). He was a memnber of The Isle of Anglesey County Council (as well as
London County Council) and was appointed chairman of the Quarter Sessions in
Anglesey (1887-1890), and was a JP and Deputy Lieutenant in Anglesey.
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Harry Calvert Williams
Verney, 4th Baronet (1881-1974) was also a Liberal M.P. for Buckingham
(1910-1018).
4 Yr Wylan
Poem by Siôn Phylip (1543-1620), Ardudwy region of Gwynedd
Gwylan deg ar lan dŵr / Fair seagull at the water’s edge
Loywblu gofl,
abl o gyflwr / Of a
bright-feathered breast, in rich circumstances “well-off of circumstance”
NOTE: Also an incorrect pronunciation where <ui> has become <wi>
y wylan, as in the street name Wernywylan
:_______________________________.
gwylan y penwaig <GWI-lan-ə-PEN-waig> [ˡgwɪlan
ə ˡpɛnwaɪg]
(f)
PLURAL: gwylanod
y penwaig <gwi-LAA-nod
ə PEN-waig> [gwɪˡlɑˑnod
ə ˡpɛnwaɪg]
1 (Larus argentatus)
herring gull
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) gull (of) the herrings” (gwylan
= gull) + (y definite article) + (penwaig, PLURAL: of pennog = herring)
:_______________________________.
Gwyl Ddewi <guil
DHEU-i> [ˡgʊɪl ˡðɛʊɪ] (f)
1
Saint David’s Day, March 1
:_______________________________.
gwyl ddrama,
gwyliau drama <guil
DHRA-ma, guil-yai, -ye DRA-ma> [ˡgʊɪl
ˡðrama, ˡgʊɪljaɪ, -ɛ ˡdrama] (f)
1
drama festival
yr wyl ddrama the drama festival
:_______________________________.
gwylfa <GUIL-va> [ˡgʊɪlva] (f)
PLURAL: gwyllféydd,
gwylfâu <guil-VEIDH,
guil-VAI> [gʊɪlˡvəɪð, gʊɪlˡvaɪ]
1 lookout place, viewing
place, watchtower, observation post, vantage point
Yr Wylfa, y Wylfa
.......................................................
Craig yr Wylfa SN6088 “(the) cliff (of) the lookout” in Y Borth,
Ceredigion
Ysgol Craig yr Wylfa name of the primary school in Y Borth
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1170421
Craig yr Wylfa
.......................................................
Penyrwylfa place in Brynffordd, county of Y Fflint “(the) top (of) Yr
Wylfa”
.......................................................
Trwynyrwylfa “(the) point / headland (of) Yr Wylfa”, or “(the) point /
headland (of) the lookout”. A farm in Penmaen-mawr, county of Conwy
.......................................................
Trwyn yr Wylfa SH3224 “(the) point / headland (of) Yr Wylfa”, or “(the)
point / headland (of) the lookout”. By Bwlchtocyn, Gwynedd.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/27143
.......................................................
Bronwylfa SH4457 Farm by Llandwrog, Gwynedd (“Bron Wylfa”)
bron yr wylfa “(the) hill (of) Yr Wylfa”, “(the) hill (of) the lookout”.
.......................................................
Bronwylfa SJ2848 Farm (?) near Y Bers, Wrecsam (“Bronwylfa”)
bron yr wylfa “(the) hill (of) Yr Wylfa”, “(the) hill (of) the lookout”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2848
.......................................................
Yr Wylfa SN9497 Farm and hill in Powys, north-west of Carno
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9497
map
.......................................................
Yr Wylfa SN7399 Farm and hill in Powys, north-east of Derwen-las, by
Machynlleth
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN7399
map
.......................................................
Yr Wylfa SJ0741 Hill in the county of Dinbych, east of Cynwyd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=307287
.......................................................
Foel Wylfa SJ1933 Hill in the county of Powys, east of Tregeiriog
foel yr wylfa “(the) hill (of) Yr Wylfa”, “(the) hill (of) the lookout” (with
the soft-mutated form foel unusually here, as if it were the radical
form, instead of moel)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/732335
.......................................................
Gwylfa SH3343 Hill west of Llithfaen, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=309161
.......................................................
Pen yr Wylfa SH3594 Headland in Ynys Môn
Atomfa’r Wylfa SH3593 A nuclear power station by the headland
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3594
2 a period of time in which a person is on the lookout for any danger that
might arise
cadw gwylfa keep watch
gwylfa angor anchor watch
gwylfa dan y dec watch below
prif swyddog y wylfa officer of the watch
3 watch = a division of the night
gwylfa fach dogwatch – one of two early morning watches on board a ship,
from 4-6 or 6-8
ETYMOLOGY: “place of vigilance”, and “act of vigilance” (gwyl- a stem of
the verb gwylio = to watch) + (-fa suffix = place; activity)
:_______________________________.
gwyliau <GUIL-yai,
-ye> [ˡgʊɪljaɪ,
-ɛ]
(PLURAL:
noun)
1
holidays; see gwyl;
2
In the South, Y Gwyliau (locally Y Gwila <ə
GWII-la> [ˡgwɪla] = Christmastide,
the twelve days of Christmas
:_______________________________.
Gwyl Ifan <guil
II-van> [gʊɪl
ˡiˑvan] (f)
1
Midsummer’s Day (June 24); the feast of Saint John the Baptist, and a quarter
day
Noswyl Ifan Midsummer’s Eve (23
June)
Hen Wyl Ifan Old Midsummer’s Day (5
July)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish Gwoil
Iowann (= Midsummer’s Day)
Breton Gouel Yann (= Midsummer’s
Day)
:_______________________________.
gwylio <GWIL-yo> [ˡgwɪljɔ]
(verb)
1
to watch
:_______________________________.
gwyll <GWILH> [gwɪɬ] (m)
1
darkness
:_______________________________.
Gwyl Lafur <guil
LAA-vir> [ˡgʊɪl
ˡlɑˑvɪr] (f)
1
Labour Day (first of May)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyl = feastday, holiday)
+ soft mutation + (llafur = labor/
labour)
:_______________________________.
gwyllt <GWILHT> [gwɪɬt] (adjective)
1
wild
2 Aeth yn daro gwyllt All
hell broke loose, blows fell thick and fast (“it became wild hitting”)
3
as a second element in some compound words
..1 cocwyllt randy (coc = cock, penis ) + soft mutation + (gwyllt = wild, out of control)
..2/ ffrochwyllt furious, fierce,
wild, broiling
sŵn y rhaeadr ffrochwyllt the
sound of the broiling waterfall
ffrochwyllt < ffrychwyllt < rhychwyllt < rhywyllt
(= furious) (rhy- prefix = very,
greatly, extremely; the same as the adverb rhy
= too, overly) + soft mutaiton + (gwyllt
= furious).
The ‘ch’ is not easy to explain; it may be due to the influence of words such
as chwyrnu (= to snarl), chwyl (= turn, rotation)
4 car gwyllt (obsolete) bicycle
In the days of long ago, when bicycles
were an object of awe and wonder to the youth of Carnarvon, we never called
them by any other name other than ceffyl haearn or car gwyllt
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961), University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea
for the Vulgar Tongue
“wild sled” (car = sled) + (gwyllt = wild)
5
tân gwyllt firewok or fireworks
tanen wyllt firework
NOTE: In North Wales gwyllt has a long vowel: <GWIILHT> [gwiːɬt]
:_______________________________.
gwylltfil <GWƏLHT-vil> [ˡgʊəltvɪl] (f)
PLURAL: gwylltfilod [gʊəltˡviˑlɔd]
1 (Bible 1620) wild beast
Yr Efengyl yn ôl Sant Marc 1:13 Ac efe a fu yno yn y diffeithwch ddeugain
niwrnod yn ei demtio gan Satan: ac yr oedd efe gyda’r gwylltfilod: a’r angylion
a weiniasant iddo.
Saint Mark’s Gospel 1:13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted
of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. (gwyllt- < gwyllt = (adj) wild) + soft mutation + (mil = animal)
:_______________________________.
gwylmabsant <guil-MAB-sant> [gʊɪlˡmabsant] (f)
PLURAL: gwylmabsantau [gʊɪlmabˡsantaɪ, -ɛ]
1 parish feastday, parish
festival, parish wake = the day of the parish saint, dedication festival,
celebration of the patron saint (‘feastday of the little saint’, mab = son, used
here as a diminutive) (formerly a time
of wild revelry and merrymaking)
yr wylmabsant the parish feast day
2 gwely glabsant makeshift bed (“bed (of) (a) parish wake”) < gwely
gwylmabsant
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyl =
festival, celebration) + (mabsant = saint, diminutive form of the word sant
through prefixing mab, literally ‘son’)
NOTE: colloquial forms: glabsant, glasbant
:_______________________________.
gwylmabsanta <guil-mab-SAN-ta> [gʊɪlmabˡsanta] (verb)
1 celebrate the festival of a patron saint of a
parish
2 engage in wild revelry
ETYMOLOGY: (gwylmabsant = parish feast,
parish festival, parish wake) + (-a suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
gwylog, gwylogod
<GUI-log,
gui-LO-god> [ˡgʊɪlog, gʊɪˡloˑgɔd] (f)
1 guillemot
yr wylog the guillemot
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwyl-y-Geni- <guil-ə-GEE-ni> [ˡgʊɪl
ə geˑnɪ]
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwyl-y-Glaniad- <guil-ə-GLAN-yad> [ˡgʊɪl
ə glanjad]
:_______________________________.
Gwyl y Geni (f)
1 Christmas, the Nativity (“(the) festival (of) the birth”)
Mis Rhagfyr 1907 oedd hi, ar drothwy
Gwyl y Geni...
It was December 1907, just before Christmas
:_______________________________.
Gwyl y Glaniad (f)
1 (Patagonian Welsh) anniversary of the landing of the first Welsh
pioneers in Porth Madryn, Patagonia (28 July 1865) (“festival (of) the
landing”). In recent years, also celebrated on this date in Y Bala by the
Patagonian Welsh who are living in Wales
:_______________________________.
gwymon <GUI-mon> [ˡgʊɪmɔn] (m)
1 seaweed
:_______________________________.
gwyn (m)
PLURAL: gwyniau
1
(North Wales) desire, satisfaction, craving
gweld eich gwyn (ar rywbeth) = take
a fancy to (something) (Sefyllfa: Mae’r gof ar fin dychwelyd i’w efail)
Well ‘i mi roi’r troed gora
mlaen’ ebe Huw, ’swybod ar y ddaear na fydd o wedi gweld i wyn ar rwbath
os bydd o acw o mlaen i. Mae o’n meddwl fod pawb yn lladron, a lleidar weiddith
lleidar gynta wyddoch
Plant y Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910)
(Situation: The smith is about to go back to his smithy) “I’d better put my
best foot forward,” said Huw. There’s no knowing whether he’ll take a fancy to
something if he’s down there before me. He thinks that everybody is a thief,
but a thief is always the first to accuse others of thieving (“a thief shouts
thief first”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white) (with the
influence of gŵyn (= desire))
:_______________________________.
Gwyn <GWIN> [gwɪn] (m)
1
man’s name; in origin, the first element of names such as Gwynoro, Gwynlliw,
etc
:_______________________________.
gwyn 1 <GWIN> [gwɪn] (adjective)
feminine form: gwen / wen
PLURAL: form: gwynion
1 white
2 flower names
pabi gwyn (“white poppy”)
This is another name for cysglys or cwsglys (Papaver somniferum) Opium
Poppy
3 white = colour of tin
saer gwyn tinman, tin worker
gof gwyn tinsmith (“white smith”)
4 (y) Maes-gwyn house
name, street name ‘the white field’
5 helygen
wen (helyg gwynion) (Salix alba)
white willow
6 gwen- First element in place names
based on a (m) (apparently the vowel y
has opened out into e, though
inexplicably)
Gwenddwr (village in Powys) (dŵr
= water, stream)
Gwendraeth (river in county of
Caerfyrddin) (traeth = seaside beach, river beach)
7 merfog gwyn (m), merfogiaid gwyn
/ gwynion (Blicca bjoerkna) silver bream
8 hywyn white; very white,
sparkling
Hywyn = saint to whom Aberdaron
parish church is dedicated (hy- =
intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (
gwyn = white)
9 place names – after names of buildings (refers usually to limewash)
Hafod-wen white summer farm
Tŷ-gwyn white house
10
migwyn (North Wales) bog moss
“bog-white” migwyn < mig’wyn < mignwyn (mign = bog) +
soft mutation + ( gwyn = white)
11
croenwyn white-skinned
pobl groenwyn white people (croen = skin) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white)
12
in names expressing the idea of heaven, paradise
gwladwen heaven, paradise “white / blessed
/ fair land” (gwlad = country, land)
+ soft mutation + (gwen, feminine
form of gwyn = white / blessed /
fair )
gwenwlad heaven, paradise (the same
elements reversed)
gwynfa heaven, paradise
man gwyn man draw the grass is always greener on the other side of the
fence (“(there is) (a) heavenly place (in the) place yonder”)
That is, people imagine that a better place or situation than there current one
exists, but usually this is wishful thinking – a new place too will have its
shortcomings, new circumstances will not be as perfect as imagined
gwynfan fair place; paradise (gwynn-, penult syllable form of gwyn = white, fair) + soft mutation + (man = place)
Street name
..a/ Gwynfan Rhosllannerchrugog, county of Wrecsam
..b/ Gwynfan Nant-y-caws, county of Caerfyrddin
..c/ “Gwynfan Place”, Merthyrtudful (the Welsh name for this street would be
simply “Gwynfan” as in the two examples above)
gwenfro <GWEN-vro> [ˡgwɛnvrɔ] (f) (obsolete) fair land; paradise
13 Gwyn y gwêl y frân ei chyw
“(it is) white that the crow sees her chick”
Mothers can never believe that their offspring may be less than honourable and
angelic
14 formation of adjectives
(noun) + soft mutation + (gwyn). The noun may be either masculine or feminine
pen (m) (= head)
penwyn “white-headed” white-haired, fair-haired
ael (f) (= brow)
aelwyn “white-headed” white-haired, fair-haired
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwyn- <GWIN>
-(masculine-noun)-
-man’s-name;-in-origin, the-first-element-of-names-such-as-Gwynoro,
Gwynlliw, etc [ˡgwɪn]
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwyn <GWIIN> [gwiːn]
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwyn- <GWIN>
-(adjective)
-white [ˡgwɪn]
:_______________________________.
gwyniau <GWəN-ye> [ˡgwənjaɪ,
-ɛ]
:_______________________________.
ªªª
gwyndai <GWIN-dai>
:_______________________________.
gwyndeg <GWƏN-deg> [ˡgwəndɛg]
adj
Feminine form: gwendeg <GWEN-deg> [ˡgwɛndɛg]
1 fair, handsome
2
male name .
Gwyndeg - A son of Seithenin, of the land of Maes Gwyddno,
inundated by the sea and now under the waters of Bae Ceredigion. Father of
Cynyr of Caer Gawch, and grandfather of Dewi Sant / Saint David.
Gwyndeg In a poem called Teulu Cybi Sant, a Gwyndeg is mentioned
as one of Saint Cybi’s “teulu” (family), a dozen seafaring saints from Ynys Môn
/ Anglesey
On 26 March 1792 an “Evan
Gwyndeg” (= Ifan Gwyndeg) of Llanfihangel yn Nhywyn, Ynys Môn, a
shoemaker, was fined sixpence after being found guilty of riot and assault
ETYMOLOGY: gwyndeg (gwyn = white) + soft
mutation + (teg = fair, beautiful)
NOTE: Geiriadur yr Acádemi Gymréig / The Welsh Academy Dictionary (1995)
(page xxiv) notes that in polysyllables where one might expect wy to be [wə]
(that is, in the tonic syllable), in practice it has become [wi], and “this is
invariably so in the south”.
Gwyndeg (“G
ndeg” > “G
ndeg”)
:_______________________________.
..1 gwyndir <GWƏN-dir,
GUIN-dir> [ˡgwəndɪr,
ˡgwɪndɪr] (m)
PLURAL:
gwyndiroedd
<gwən-DIIR-oidh,
-odh> [gwənˡdiˑrɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 (obsolete) fair land,
blessèd land, bountiful land
2
white land
3
Y Gwyndir farm in Gwyddelwern (Sir
Ddinbych)
4
Hendregwyndir SO2104 farm by Abertyleri (Blaenau Gwent)
In Maynardville, Union County, Tennessee, U.S.A., there is a « Gwyndir
Drive », which is in all likelihood a Welsh name. Nearby in Union County
was the Welsh settlement of Brynffynnon (modern Welsh spelling, also found as
Brynffynon, an older inaccurate spelling in Welsh), from 1856 onwards.
See « The Welsh in East Tennessee » http://caloncymreig.tnhillbillie.net/content/view/76/32/
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white; holy) +
soft mutation + (tir = land)
gwyndir (“gndir” > “g
ndir”)
:_______________________________.
Gwyndodeg <gwən-DOO-deg,
gwin-DOO-deg> [gwənˡdoˑdɛg,
gwɪnˡdoˑdɛg] ((f), adjective)
1
the dialect of Gwynedd
y Wyndodeg the dialect of Gwynedd
(delwedd 7423)
:_______________________________.
gwyndon <GWƏN-don, GWIN-don> [ˡgwəndɔn, ˡgwɪndɔn] (m)
1 meadow
Pantygwyndon Name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw)
‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911)
“PANT-Y-GWYNDON (the hollow of the white leyland.) A tenement in the parish of Pentyrch and lordship of Miscyn (1666.)”
(These place names are Pen-tyrch, Meisgyn)
ETYMOLOGY: gwyndon (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (ton =
meadow)
The standard form is gwyndwn (with change of final o > w)
:_______________________________.
gwyndwn <GWƏN-don, GWIN-don> [ˡgwəndɔn, ˡgwɪndɔn] (m)
PLURAL: gwyndynnydd
<gwən-DƏN-idh, gwin-DƏN-idh> [gwənˡdənɪð, gwɪnˡdənɪð] (m)
1 meadow
From gwyndon (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (ton =
meadow) (The standard form gwyndwn shows a change of final o >
w)
NOTE: a variant is
..1/ gwndwn <GUN-dun> [ˡgʊndʊn]
Also in the south-east there are
..2/ gwyndon <GWIN-don> [ˡgwɪndɔn]
..3/ gwndon <GUN-don> [ˡgʊndɔn]
Examples:
..a/ gwndwn
Penygwndwn (“(the) end (of) the meadow”)
In Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd), there are “Penygwndwn Bungalows”
(Welsh name: ?Tai Penygwndwn) and “Penygwndwn Estate” (Welsh name: ?Stad
Penygwndwn)
..b/ gwyndon
Pantygwyndon Name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) ‘Cardiff
Records’ (1889-1911)
“PANT-Y-GWYNDON (the hollow of the white leyland.) A tenement in the parish
of Pentyrch and lordship of Miscyn (1666.)” (These place names are
Pen-tyrch, Meisgyn)
:_______________________________.
..1 gwyndy <GWƏN-di, GUIN-di> [ˡgwəndɪ,
ˡgwɪndɪ] (m) (m)
PLURAL:
gwyndai
<GWƏN-dai,
GUIN-dai> [ˡgwəndaɪ,
ˡgwɪndaɪ]
1 (obsolete) church, holy
house
2
(house name) white house
3
Heol Gwyndy street in Pentre-chwyth
(county of Abertawe) (official name: Gwyndy Road)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white; holy) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
gwyndy : “gndy” <GWƏN-di> [ˡgwəndɪ] > “gndy”) <GUIN-di> [ˡgwɪndɪ]
:_______________________________.
..2 gwyndy (m)
PLURAL: gwyndai
1
(place names) may sometimes be a form of gwindy
= wine house, wine store
ETYMOLOGY: (gwin = wine) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
Gwynedd <GUI-nedh, GWII-nedh> [ˡgʊɪnɛð,
ˡgwiˑnɛð]
1 (m) man’s name
2 (f) woman’s name
ETYMOLOGY: from the name of the region (now a county, since 1974) in the
north-west
:_______________________________.
Gwynedd <GUI-nedh, GWI-nedh> [ˡgʊɪnɛð,
ˡgwɪnɛð] (f)
1 medieval territory in north-west Wales; Latin name: Vênedotia
2 county in the north-west since 1974-1996 (conglomeration of the
old counties of Sir Fôn, Sir Gaernarfon, Sir Feirionydd)
3 county in the north-west since 1996 (smaller in size - with the
detachment of Sir Fôn which became a county in its own right, and part of the
eastern fringe included in the new county of Conwy)
economi’r Wynedd wledig the economy
of rural Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh G
nedd
(consonant + vocal) < G
nedd
(diphthong) < *G
nedd
< British wêned-; (British ê always gives the diphthong wy in modern Welsh, and the initial
consonant w > gw – consonant g + consonant w – in
modern Welsh)
Possibly the same as Old Irish féni
(= Irish people) < fían (= band
of warriors) (modern Irish fiann,
genitive féinne) (= wandering band
of warrior hunters; band of warriors)
< *wen- (= fight, desire)
cf Latin Venus (= love), venâri (= to hunt), vênâtor (= hunter)
NOTE: Tudalen 62, Yr Iaith Gymraeg – Ei Horgraff a’i Chystrawen, D Tecwyn
Evans, Lerpwl 1911: “Arfer pob ‘e’ hir
yn Latin oedd troi’n wy yn Gymraeg. Felly y daeth ‘rhwyf’ o ‘rêmus’; ‘rhwyd’ o
‘rète’; ‘dwys’ o ‘dênsus’; ‘eglwys’ o ‘ecclêsia’; ‘cannwyll’ o ‘candêla’;
‘gwenwyn’ o ‘venênum’; ‘Gwynedd’ o ‘Vênedotia’... Gŵynedd... nid Gwynedd:
y ferch addfwyn o Wynedd...”
It was usual for every long ‘e’ in Latin to become ‘wy’ in Welsh. Thus ‘rhwyf’
(= oar) from ‘rêmus’; ‘rhwyd’ (= net) from ‘rête’; ‘dwys’ (dense) from
‘dênsus’; ‘eglwys’ (= church) from ‘ecclêsia’; ‘cannwyll’ (= candle) from
‘candêla’; ‘gwenwyn’ (poison) from ‘venênum’; ‘Gwynedd’ from ‘Vênedotia’...
Gwynedd (diphthong) ... not Gwynedd (consonant + vowel) : “y ferch addfwyn o
Wynedd...” the gentle girl from Gwynedd...”
(delwedd 7092)
NOTE: Page 46 / A Welsh
Grammar - Historical and Comparative / John Morris-Jones (1864-1929) / 1913: The following words may be mentioned as those most
commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling diphthong in cer
n
‘vat’, disgl,
‘look, expect’, Gnedd
‘Venedotia’, G
ndid,
id., morn
‘maiden’, tern
‘ fervent’; it is the rising diphthong in oher
dd
‘because of’, cych
n,
‘rise, start’, erchn
‘protector, [bed]-side’, deddd
‘happy’
(delwedd 7364)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddaidd <gui-, gwi-NEE-dhaidh, -dhedh> [ˡgʊɪneˑðaɪð,
ˡgwɪneˑðaɪð, -ɛð] adjective
1 of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-aidd suffix for
forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddig <gui-NEE-dhig,
gwi-NEE-dhig> [ˡgʊɪneˑðɪg,
ˡgwɪneˑðɪg] adjective
1 of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-ig suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddig <gui-NEE-dhig,
gwi-NEE-dhig> [ˡgʊɪneˑðɪg,
ˡgwɪneˑðɪg] (m)
PLURAL: Gwyneddigion
<gui-ne-DHIG-yon, gwi-ne-DHIG-yon> [gʊɪnɛˡðɪgjɔn,
gwɪnɛˡðɪgjɔn]
1 obsolete man or woman from
Gwynedd, person from Gwynedd, Venedotian
2 Cymdeithas y Gwyneddigion
‘association (of) the Venedotians’, 1770-1843, society of Northern Welshmen
living in London which promoted Welsh culture, publishing early manuscripts and
reviving the Eisteddfod
ETYMOLOGY: = Gwyneddig (adjective)
Gwynedd Is Conwy
<GWI-nedh
iis KOO-nui> [ˡgwɪnɛð
iːs koˑnʊɪ]
1 (medieval Wales) country in the north-west
(Gwynedd above the river Conwy)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddol <gui-NEE-dhol,
gwi-NEE-dhol> [ˡgʊɪneˑðɔl,
ˡgwɪneˑðɔl] adjective
1 of Gwynedd, belonging to Gwynedd, Venedotian
hynodrwydd Gwyneddol yw swnio “z” fel
“s”
a Venedotian peculiarity / a peculiarity of Gwynedd is to pronounce “z” as “s”
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-ol suffix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwynedd Uwch
Conwy <iukh
KOO-nui> [ɪʊx ˡkoˑnʊɪ] (f)
1
(medieval Wales) country in the north-west (Gwynedd below the river Conwy)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddwr <gui-nee-dhur,
gwi-nee-dhur> [gʊɪˡneˑðʊr,
ˡgwɪˡneˑðʊr]
(m)
PLURAL: Gwyneddwyr <gui-nedh-wir,
gwi-nedh-wir> [gʊɪˡnɛðwɪr,
gwɪˡnɛðwɪr]
1 Venedotian, man from Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-ig suffix = ‘man’)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddwraig (m)
PLURAL: Gwyneddwragedd <gwi-NEDH-reg> <gwi-nedh-WRA-gedh> [ˡgwɪnɛðrɛg] [ˡgwɪnɛðwragɛð]
:_______________________________.
Gwyneddwraig (m)
PLURAL: Gwyneddwragedd <gwi-NEDH-reg> <gwi-nedh-WRAA-gedh> [ˡgwɪnɛðrɛg] [ˡgwɪnɛðwr ɑˑgɛð]
1 Venedotian, woman from Gwynedd
y Wyneddwraig the woman from Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY: (Gwynedd = name of region
/ county) + (-wraig suffix =
‘woman’)
:_______________________________.
Gwyneth [ˡgwəneθ,
ˡgwɪnɛθ] (f)
1
woman’s name
:_______________________________.
gwynegon [ˡgwəneɑgɔn]
1
South-east: gwynegon
:_______________________________.
gwynfa <GWəN-va, GWIN-va> [ˡgwənva,
ˡgwɪnva] (m)
1 fair place; paradise
:_______________________________.
gwynfaen <GWƏN-vain, GWIN-vain> [ˡgwənvaɪn, ˡgwɪnvaɪn] (m)
1 white stone
Gwynfaen SS5799 Farm by Casllwchwr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=179537
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white) + soft mutation + (maen = stone)
:_______________________________.
gwynfan <GWəN-van, GWIN-van> [ˡgwənvan,
ˡgwɪnvan] (m)
1 fair place; paradise
Street name in the following places:
..a/ Rhosllannerchrugog, county of Wrecsam
..b/ Nant-y-caws, county
of Caerfyrddin
..c/ “Gwynfan Place”,
Merthyrtudful (the Welsh name for this street would be simply “Gwynfan” as in
the two examples above)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynn- / gwyn-, penult
syllable form of gwyn = white, fair)
+ soft mutation + (man place)
:_______________________________.
gwynfardd <GWəN-vardd> [ˡgwənvardd] (m)
1 druid = highest order in Congress
of Bards (Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydein)
ETYMOLOGY: “blessed bard” (gwyn <ə> [ə] , penult form of
gwyn <i> [ɪ] ) + soft
mutation + (bardd = bard, poet)
:_______________________________.
Gwynfe
It occurs in a street name Heol Gwynfe
in the Llwchwr Uchaf area of Casllwchwr in the county of Abertawe / Swansea,
and also in Ffair-fach in the county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen.
:_______________________________.
Gwynfor <GWƏN-vor, GWIN-vor> [ˡgwənvɔr, ˡgwɪnvɔr] (m)
1
man’s name (gwyn = white, mawr = great)
:_______________________________.
gwynfryn <GWəN-vrin,
GWIN-vrin> [ˡgwənvrɪn,
ˡgwɪnvrɪn] (m)
1 white hill
ETYMOLOGY: “blessed bard” (gwyn- <ə> [ə] , penult form of
gwyn <i> [ɪ] ) + soft
mutation + (bryn = hill)
:_______________________________.
Y Gwynfryn <ə GWəN-vrin, ə GWIN-vrin> [ə
ˡgwənvrɪn, ə ˡgwɪnvrɪn]
1 locality in Wrecsam Maelor (SJ2552)
Former name Pentre’r-bais
2 the Welsh name for the hill on
which the Tower of London stands
For the Tower itself the Dictionary of the Welsh Academy has Y Tŵr Gwyn (“the white tower”),
and Tŵr Llundain
Aethpwyd â phen Bendigeidfran i’w chladdu yn y Gwynfryn yn Llundain
The head of Bendigeidfran was taken to be buried in the White Hill
3 Pentregwynfryn locality in Llanbedr (county of Gwynedd) (“the
village of Y Gwynfryn”)
:_______________________________.
Gwynfryn
1 man’s name (from a place name)
ETYMOLOGY: See gwynfryn above
:_______________________________.
gwynfydedig <gwən-və-DEE-dig> [gwənvəˡdeˑdɪg] adj
1
blessèd; happy, joyful, blissful
pobl wynfydedig blissful people
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynfyd- stem of gwynfydu = make happy, gladden; bless)
+ (-edig suffix for forming a past participle
adjective)
:_______________________________.
gwynfydedigrwydd <gwən-və-de-DIG-ruidh> [gwənvədɛˡdɪgrʊɪð] m
1
beatitude, blessedness
gwynfydedigrwydd y saint the
beatitude of the saints
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynfydedig
= joyful, blessèd) (-rwydd suffix
for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________.
Gwynfynydd <gwən-VƏ-nidh> [gwənˡvənɪð] adj
1
SH7328 hill in Dolgellau
Moel Gwynfynydd SH7328 (
Gwynfynydd SH7328 Name of a farm here
Cloddfa Aur Gwynfynydd SH7328 Gwynfynydd Gold Mine
Mwynglawdd Aur Gwynfynydd SH7328 Gwynfynydd Gold Mine
Pont Gwynfynydd a bridge here over Afon Gain
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/74826
2 farm in Caer-sws SO0393
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO0393
map
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynn- / gwyn-, penult
syllable form of gwyn = white, fair)
+ soft mutation + (mynydd = high ground, hill, mountain )
:_______________________________.
gwyngollen <gwin-GO-lhen> [gwɪŋˡgoɬɛn] PLURAL: gwyngyll <GWING-gilh> [ˡgwɪŋgɪɬ]
1 white hazel (used for walking sticks, fishing rods, hurdles, and in the
framework of wattle and daub walls
2 place names:
..a/ Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll
(This is “the Llanfair
which is at Pwllgwyngyll”, the name of a medieval township
here.)
Pwllgwyngyll is (“(the) pool (of) (the) white hazels”
In the village there is a street called Y
Gwyngyll (the white hazels)
..b/ Prysg-gwyngyll
“PRYSG-GWYNGYLL – the white hazel
underwood
p. 265 Collections Historical And
Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders Volume XXIII 1889
A History of the Parish of Llanbrynmair /
Richard Williams FRHS
Chapter XII A Glossary of Local Names”
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn = white) + soft
mutation + (collen = hazel)
In Irish there is an equivalent form fionncholl
(= witch hazel)
:_______________________________.
gwyngyll <GWING-gilh> [ˡgwɪŋgɪɬ]
1 white hazels: See gwyngollen
:_______________________________.
Gwyngyll <GWING-gïlh> [ˡgwɪŋgïɬ]
1 name of an electoral
ward on the island of Môn / Anglesey
Ward Gwyngyll
2 Y Gwyngyll name of a former
children’s home in the village of Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll
3 Pwllgwyngwyll Name of a
medieval township on the island of Môn / Anglesey (“whirlpool by the place
called Gwyngyll (= white hazels”)”)
The church dedicated to Mary (Llanfair) situated in this township was
distinguished from others in Wales by the addition of the name of the township
– Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll
According to Samuel Lewis ‘A Topographical Dictionary of Wales’, third edition
1849)
“LLANVAIR-PWLLGWYNGYLL
(LLAN-FAIR-PWLL-GWYNGYLL), a parish, in the union of Bangor and Beaumaris,
hundred of Tyndaethwy, county of Anglesey, North Wales,
:_______________________________.
gwyniad <GWəN-yad,
GWIN-yad> [ˡgwənjad,
gwɪnjad] (m)
PLURAL: gwyniaid
<GWəN-yaid, -yed;
GWIN-yai, -yed> [ˡgwənjaɪd,
-jɛd, ˡgwɪnjaɪd,
-jɛd]
1 gwyniaid
penfain Thymallinae
2 gwyniaid whitefish;
Coregoninae subfamily of Salmonidae family.
3 (Binomial name: Coregonus clupeoides
pennantii)
gwyniad Llyn
Tegid (m), gwyniaid
Llyn Tegid (Binomial name: Coregonus clupeoides pennantii) gwyniad (the
Welsh name is usually used in English to refer to this particular fish), a
white freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid, a lake at Bala, a survival from the
Ice Age.
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn- = penult form of gwyn = white) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwyniad Llyn
Tegid <GWəN-yad / GWIN-yad lhin TEE-gid> [ˡgwənjad
/ ˡgwɪnjad ɬɪn teˑgɪd] (m)
PLURAL: gwyniaid
Llyn Tegid <GWəN-yai, -yed; GWIN-yai, -yed lhin TEE-gid> [ˡgwənjaɪd,
-jɛd, ˡgwɪnjaɪd,
-jɛd ɬɪn ˡteˑgɪd]
1 gwyniad (Binomial name: Coregonus clupeoides pennantii) gwyniad = a white
freshwater fish, found in Llyn Tegid, a lake at Y Bala, a survival from the Ice
Age. The Welsh name gwyniad is used in English to refer to this
particular fish from Llyn Tegid.
Also referred to in
English as a whiting, but this is less precise when it refers to Coregonus clupeoides pennantii
Additional information
from Wikipedia: Gwyniad:
a member of the salmon family (Salmonidae). The gwyniad is sometimes
considered to be a subspecies or population of Coregonus lavaretus, the
common whitefish, of continental Europe. It is very common in Russian Arctic
lakes, where it is known as sig (Russian: сиг).
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyn- = penult form of gwyn = white) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwynion <GWƏ-nyon> [ˡgwənjɔn]
1 PLURAL: form of gwyn
(= white)
The PLURAL: forms of adjectives are not now in
general use. They survive in certain fixed expressions and in place names.
“BEDWGWYNION – the white birches
p. 261 Collections Historical And
Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders Volume XXIII 1889
A History of the Parish of Llanbrynmair /
Richard Williams FRHS
Chapter XII A Glossary of Local Names”
:_______________________________.
Gwynionydd <gwə-ni-OO-nidh> [gwənɪˡoˑnɪð]
1 (medieval Wales)
division of the kantrev of Is Aeron, south-west Wales
:_______________________________.
Gwynllŵg <gwən-LHUUG> [gwənˡɬuːg] (f)
1
(medieval Wales) division of Morgannwg, south-east Wales
ETYMOLOGY: Gwynllŵg < Gwynllyŵg < Gwynllyw-wg
= territory of Gwynllyw (Gwynllyw
= male forename) + (-wg territorial suffix. Cf Morgannwg / Glamorgan;
Seisyllwg)
:_______________________________.
Gwynno <GWƏ-no> [ˡgwənɔ]
1 name of a male saint of
the Celtic Church.
...(1) One of the three saints to whom the church at Llantrisant is dedicated (llan
y tri sant - (the) church (of) the three saints) - Illtud, Gwynno and
Tyfodwg
...(2) One of the five saints to whom the church at Llanpumsaint (SN4129)
(county of Caerfyrddin, south-west Wales) is dedicated (llan y pum saint -
(the) church (of) the five saints) – Ceitho, Celynen, Gwyn, Gwynno, and
Gwynoro)
2 street name Llys Gwynno,
Creigiau, county of Caer-dydd (“court (of) Gwynno”) (Postcode: CF15 9EU)
3 Daearwynno (qv) A farm
by Llanwynno church ST0295 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(“(the) land (belonging
to the church dedicated to) Gwynno”
(daear = land) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)
4 Llanwynno (the) church
(of) Gwynno (SO0395) locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east
Wales)
(“(the) church
(dedicated to) Gwynno”
(llan = church) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)
5 Maenorwynno Former name of Y Faenor SO0410 near Merthyrtudful (“(the)
tract (of) Gwynno”)
(“(the) grange
(belonging to) (the church of) Gwynno”
(maenor = grange, estate) + (Gwynno
= saint’s name)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/307513
(“The Geograph British Isles
project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and
information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
6 Currently used as a man’s given name
(a revival of the saint’s name)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently Gwynn- (first element of a compound name beginning
with Gwynn-, Gwyn-; gwyn =
white, fair, holy) + (-o diminutive
suffix)
Cornish Gwinnow
:_______________________________.
gwynnog adjective
1
(obsolete) windy
The modern word is gwyntog
2
(obsolete) windy = exposed to the wind
3
Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University of Wales Dictionary (page 1778) includes
the place name Hafodwynnog as an
example of this word, suggesting that it means “windy hafod, windy summer pasture,
windy summer residence”.
It is found as Hafodwnnog in
..a/ Ffostrasol, Ceredigion
..b/ Llansanffráid, Ceredigion
..c/ Uwchygarreg, Machynlleth
Place-name specialist Professor Melville Richards (1910-1973) however took this to be wynnog “of lambs”, from oen
/ wyn (= lamb / lambs). See wynnog
ETYMOLOGY: gwynnog < gwyntog (gwynt- = wind) + (-og
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
Gwynnog <GWə-nog> [ˡgwənɔg] adjective
1
saint’s name
2 Llanwnnog ‹lhan-U-nog› , originally Llanwynnog
“church (of) Gwynnog” (llan =
church) + soft mutation + (Gwynnog).
(SO0293) village in
Powys (Sir Drefaldwyn division)
A Topographical Dictionary of
Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849
LLANWNNOG (LLAN-WYNNOG), a parish, in the union of Newtown and
Llanidloes, Lower division of the hundred of Llanidloes, county of Montgomery,
North Wales, 6½ miles (W. by N.) from Newtown; containing 1716 inhabitants. Its
name is derived from the dedication of its church to St. Gwynnog, an eminent
member of the congregation of Catwg, who flourished about the middle of the
sixth century, and was canonized after his decease.
3 Tywynnog ‹tə-Wə-nog› Diminutive form of Gwynnog
Botwnnog (SH2631) village in Gwynedd (bod +
Tywynnog) > Bod-dywynnog (“church (of) Tywynnog”) > Botywynnog > Bot’wynnog > Botwnnog
ETYMOLOGY: The saint’s name is (gwyn,
gwynn- = white; pure; holy) + (suffix –og)
The change of [wi] in the penult syllable to [u] occurs in other words in Welsh
:_______________________________.
@@Gwynoro [gwə-NOO-ro]
Gwynoro <gwə-NOO-ro> [gwəˡnoˑrɔ] (m)
1
man’s name
:_______________________________.
gwynt, gwyntoedd / gwyntoedd <GWINT,
GWƏN-toidh, -todh, GWIN-toidh, -todh> [gwɪnt,
ˡgwəntɔɪð, -ɔð, ˡgwɪntɔɪð, -ɔð] (m)
1
wind
(animal) bod dan y gwynt (“be under the wind”)
be downwind of you, be in the wind which comes from behind the hunter (animal)
bod o du’r gwynt i (“be of the direction
of the wind to”)
be upwind of, be in a position
where the wind moves from a hunted animal towards the hunter
bod rhyngoch chi â’r gwynt (“be between
you and the wind”)
be downwind, be in the wind comes from the direction of the hunter
Roedd y carw rhyngof fi â’r gwynt
The deer was downwind of me (“the deer was between me and the wind”)
2 breath
dal dy wynt! save your breath!
3 (South Wales) smell
Mae gwynt (rhywbeth) ar <GWINT (RHIU-beth) ar> [ˡgwɪnt
(ˡhrɪʊbɛθ)
ar]
it smells of (something), (“there is a smell / a wind of (something) on”)
4 (South Wales) smell (= unpleasant smell)
gwynt drwg bad smell
Mae gwynt drwg ar ei anadl He’s got
bad breath, his breath smells (“there’s a bad smell on his breath”)
gwynt cas nasty smell, bad smell
Mae gwynt cas ar ei anadl (“there’s
a nasty smell on his breath”)
5 pwyso ar wynt rhywun pressurise somebody (“weigh on the wind /
breath of somebody”)
pwyso ar wynt tyst pressurise a witness
6 hwylio yn agos i’r gwynt / hwylio yn agos at y gwynt sail
close to the wind; (figuratively) undertake a difficult course, take a risk,
lay oneself open to disaster
7 hel
gwynt i sachau try to do the impossible (“gather wind into sacks”)
8 gosod gwynt o dan adenydd
(rhywun) give an impulse to somebody (in some enterprise) (“put wind under
the wings of (someone)”)
9 Names of houses and streets
..1/ Sŵn-y-gwynt (“(the) sound
(of) the wind”)
….a/ street name in Y Fflint (“Swn y Gwynt”)
….b/ street name in Rhostrehwfa, Llangefni (county of Môn) (“Swn y Gwynt”)
Cf Llais yr Awel / Llaisyrawel (“(the) sound / voice (of)
the wind”) house name
Crud-y-gwynt house name and street
name (“(the) cradle (of) the wind”) (crud
= cradle) + (y = the) + (gwynt = wind)
Gwynt-y-môr (“(the) wind (of)
the sea”, sea wind)
(gwynt = cradle) + (y = the) + (môr = wind)
Farm in Engedi, Ynys Môn
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/976974
10 gweld pa ffordd y mae’r gwynt yn chwythu see how things are / see
how things stand, see how the land lies
11 cael gwynt rhywun ynghylch rhywbeth sound somebody out, find out
somebody’s opinion about something
12 Dyna ganpunt arall i ganlyn y gwynt (of money spent or wasted)
That’s another hundred pounds spent, That’s another hundred pounds down the
drain, That’s another hundred pounds I’ll never see again (“There’s another
hundred pounds to follow the wind”)
13
Mae si yn y gwynt bod... There’s a
rumour in the wind that..., It’s rumoured that...
NOTE: Geiriadur yr Acádemi Gymréig / The Welsh Academy Dictionary (1995)
(page xxiv) notes that in polysyllables where one might expect wy to be [wə]
(that is, in the tonic syllable), in practice it has become [wi], and “this is
invariably so in the south”.
gwyntoedd (“g
ntoedd” > “g
ntoedd”)
:_______________________________.
gwyntio <GWəNT-yo> [ˡgwəntjɔ]
verb
1
(South Wales), (North-east Wales) (verb with an object) smell = detect the
smell of
2
smell, sniff = examine by smelling
Roedd y ci’n gwyntio’r llawr The dog
was sniffing the ground
(verb without an object)
3 smell = give off a
smell
gwynto yn gas smell bad, stink
gwynto fel tail = smell like manure
4
stink out, pong out = cause a place to smell
Ma fe’n gwynto’r lle i gyd It’s
stinking the place out (“it stinks all the place”)
Ma’n gwynto saith ‘ewl (South) (= Mae’n
gwyntio saith heol) It stinks to high heaven (“it stinks out seven
streets”)
5
cause a draught to blow
gwynto’i wyneb cool one’s face in a draught
6 fan, winnow
7 fart, break wind
8 breathe
9 blow = be stormy (district of Meirionydd) Mae’n gwyntio yn gadarn It’s blowing
hard
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynt = wind) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: (South Wales) gwynto <GWƏN-to, GWIN-to> [ˡgwəntɔ,
ˡgwɪntɔ] (in the south the ending -io generally becomes -o)
:_______________________________.
gwyntog <GWƏN-tog, GWIN-tog> [ˡgwəntog,
ˡgwɪntɔg] (adjective)
1
windy
ETYMOLOGY: (gwynt = wind) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwynto, gwynto <GWəN-to> [ˡgwəntɔ,
ˡgwɪntɔ] verb
1
southern form of gwyntio
NOTE: (South Wales) gwynto (in the south the ending -io generally becomes -o)
:_______________________________.
Gŵyr <GUIR> [gʊɪr] (f)
1 (medieval Wales) division (cantref , “kántrev”) of Ystrad Tywi,
south-west Wales
Penrhyn Gŵyr the peninsula of the kántrev of Gŵyr, in English as
“Gower Peninsula”
Tre-gŵyr town by the peninsula (English: Gowerton. The name
Gowerton was that of the railway station; the Welsh name is a translation of
the English name)
(delwedd 7361)
:_______________________________.
gwyr <GUIR> [gʊɪr] (verb)
1
he / she / it knows
2
Fe’n unig a wyr Only he knows,
No-one knows but him
:_______________________________.
gwyrdd <GWIRDH> [gwɪrð] (adjective)
gwerdd / werdd
gwyrddion
1 green
2 glaswyrdd aquamarine =
blue tinged with green”blue green, green which is bluish” (glas = blue) + soft mutation + (gwyrdd = green)
3 names of birds
..1/ cnocell werdd (Picus viridus)
green woodpecker
4 yr Ynys Werdd Ireland
(“the green island”)
5 helygen werdd (Salix x
rubra) green-leaved willow
:_______________________________.
gwyrddaidd <GWəRDH-aidh
-edh> [ˡgwərðaɪð, gwərðɛð] adjective
1
greenish
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd- <ə> [ə] , < gyrdd <i> [ɪ] = green) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
gwyrddlas <GWəRDH-las> [ˡgwərðlas] adjective
feminine form: gwerddlas <GWERDH-las> [ˡgwɛrðlas]
PLURAL:
form gwyrddleision <gwərdh-LEI-shon> [gwərðˡləɪʃɔn]
1 green, greenish
Lefeticus 13:49 Os gwyrddlas neu
goch fydd yr anafod yn y dilledyn, neu yn y croen, neu yn yr ystof, neu yn yr
anwe, neu mewn dim o groen; pla’r gwahanglwyf yw efe; a dangoser ef i’r
offeiriad
Leveticus 13:49 And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in
the skin, either in the warp or in the woof, or anything of skin; it is a
plague of leprosy and shall be showed unto the priest
2 blue-green, a colour between green and blue in the spectrum
algâu gwyrddlas blue-green
algae, cyanbacteria
“Mae algâu gwyrddlas yn wenwynig” yw’r neges ar arwyddion o
gwmpas y llyn
“Blue-green algae are poisonous” is the message on signs around the lake
3 verdant = covered
with green vegetation, in green leaves
Safai yr eglwys honno ar
lecyn tawel, gwyrddlas
That church stood on a quiet, verdant spot
cae gwyrddlas
a green field
coed gwyrddlas
a green wood
Brenhinoedd-2 16:2 Mab ugain mlwydd oedd
Ahas pan ddechreuodd efe deyrnasu... (16:4) Ac efe a aberthodd ac a arogldarthodd yn yr uchelfeydd, ac ar y
bryniau, a than pob pren gwyrddlas
Kings-2 16:2 Twenty years old Ahaz when he began to reign... 16:4 And he
sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under
every green tree.
4 green =
inexperienced, immature, unsophisticated
Dyna’r ardal lle bu yn gweithio fel
athrawes wyrddlas
5 helygen
werddlas (helyg gwyrddleision)
(Salix alba var. caerulea) cricket-bat willow
See: helygen las
That’s the area where she worked as a green (= inexperienced) teacher
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd = green) + soft
mutation + (glas = blue, green)
Breton gurlaz lizard (“green
[animal]”)
NOTE: also gwyrdd las
:_______________________________.
gwyrddni <GWƏRDH-ni> [ˡgwərðnɪ]
(m)
1 greenness
gwyrddni’r tir yn y gwanwyn the
greenness of the land in the spring
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrdd = green) + (-ni suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
gwyrdroëdig (adjective)
1
perverted
:_______________________________.
gwyrfa <GWəR-va> [ˡgwərva] (f)
1 (South Wales) colloquial form of göoerfa (= cool place, shady place)
In Rugos (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) there is a farm called Y Wyrfa Uchaf SN9106 (SN 91940 06200)
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/918184
y wyrfa < yr öoerfa.
:_______________________________.
Gwyrfai <GUIR-vai> [ˡgʊɪrvaɪ]
1 Afon Gwyrfai
river in Arfon (Gwynedd)
2 Owain Gwyrfai Owen Williams (1790-1874) poet, born in Y Waun-fawr
(county of Gwynedd)
See Hen Arweinwyr Eisteddfodau / Daniel Williams / Llyfrau Pawb 12 / 1944
3 former administrative district
(until 1974), a rural district in the county of Caernarfon
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyr = curve) + soft
mutation + (bai = curve)
:_______________________________.
gwyrgam <GUIR-gam> [ˡgʊɪrgam] adjective
1 crooked, bent, leaning to one
side; not vertical, not perpendicular, not erect
adfeilion aflêr yr hen wrychoedd gŵyrgeimion
the untidy remains of the old bent hedges
2 Mae’n fingul, mae’n fongam, mae’n wargul, mae’n wyrgam
It is narrow-edged, it is bandy-leggèd (= one of the bases is out of position),
it is narrow-humped, it is leaning to one side
Description of a
bridge by Edward Richard, Ystradmeuirg 1803 (Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru /
University of Wales Dictionary t300)
2 deceptive, less than honest, untruthful
ETYMOLOGY: (gŵyr =
crooked, bent, askew, slanting) + soft mutation + (cam = crooked, bent)
:_______________________________.
gwyrgamu ‹guir-GAM-i› [gʊɪrˡgamɪ] (verb)
1 lean to one side, incline
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyrgam =
askew, slanting) + (-u adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwyrglodd <GWƏR-glodh> [ˡgwərlɔð] (f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay
meadow)
:_______________________________.
gwyriad, gwyriadau <GUIR-yad,
guir-YAA-dai - de> [ˡgʊɪrjad,
gwɪrˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (m)
1 deviation
gwyriad rhywiol sexual deviation
:_______________________________.
gwyr
gradd <gwiir-GRAADH> [ˡgwiːr
grɑːð]
:_______________________________.
gwyrnagweision- <gwiir-na-GWEI-shon> <GURne-was> <gur-ne-WAAS> [ˡgwiːrnagwəɪʃɔn] [ˡgʊrnɛwas] [ˡgʊrnɛwɑːs]
:_______________________________.
gwyrlad <GWƏR-lad> [ˡgwərlad] (f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay
meadow)
:_______________________________.
gwyrlod <GWƏR-lod> [ˡgwərlɔd] (f)
1 (South Wales) a variant
form of gweirglodd (qv) (= hay
meadow)
:_______________________________.
Y Gwyrlodydd <ə gwər-LOO-didh> [ə
ˡgwərloˑdɪð] (m)
1 Farm SO3432 south of Newton, Herefordshire, England. On some Ordnace Survey
maps as Gwyrlodydd; recent maps seem to have “Gworlodith”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=209160 map
ETYMOLOGY: PLURAL: of gwyrlod, a southern form of gweirglodd (=
hay-meadow, hay-meadows).
See gweirglodd
:_______________________________.
gwyros <GUI-ros> [ˡgʊɪrɔs] (m)
1 privet, privet hedge
gwalchwyfyn y gwyros privet
hawk-moth
ETYMOLOGY: The first element is apparently (gwyr = crooked, slanting); + (-os
= PLURAL: suffix)
NOTE: Also cwyros, because the
initial g was thought to be the soft
mutation of c
:_______________________________.
gwyrosydd <gui-RO-sidh> [ˡgʊɪrɔsɪð] (m)
1 privet hedges.
See gwyros
:_______________________________.
Gwyrosydd <gui-RO-sidh> [ˡgʊɪrɔsɪð]
1 Caergwyrosydd Spurious name for Ystumllwynarth (in English,
Oystermouth) in the county of Abertawe.
Occurs in a list of Welsh names (as Caer
Gwyrosydd) in the article “Seisnigo Enwau Cymréig” (“Englishing Welsh
Names”) / Emrys ap Iwan / Y Geninen / Rhif 1 / Ionawr, 1897
(Article via Google at kimkat1814k)
2 Gwyrosydd Bardic name
of the poet Daniel James (1847-1920), of Tre-boeth, county of Abertawe. He
wrote the words to the hymn Calon Lân
(“pure heart”).
In Tre-boeth there is a street named Heol
Gwyrosydd
ETYMOLOGY: Could the name be (Gwyros) + (-ydd suffix denoting a
territory, as in Eifionydd, Maelienydd), with Gwyros being based
on the kántrev name Gŵyr?
Gwyros could conceivably be an invented name “the promontory of Gŵyr”,
(Gŵyr name of the kántrev) + soft mutation + (rhos =
promontory; upland, moorland).
:_______________________________.
Gwyr Rhyddon
Llantrisant <gwiir-HRə-dhon
lhan-TRII-sant> [gwiːr
ˡhrəðɔn ɬanˡtrɪsant]
1
nickname for people of Llantrisant “the freemen of Llantrisant” (i.e. in
contrast to bondsmen)
NOTE: (gwyr = men, PLURAL: of gŵr = man) + (rhyddion, the PLURAL: form of rhydd
= free)
(Rhyddon is the southern form of rhyddion.
In the south, a semiconsonantal i at the head of the final syllable is
generally lost; thus the suffix -ion
loses the initial semiconsonant to become -on)
:_______________________________.
gwyrth,
gwyrthiau <GWIRTH,
GWƏRTH-yai, -ye> [gwɪrθ,
ˡgwərθjaɪ, -ɛ] (f)
1
miracle
y wyrth the miracle
:_______________________________.
gwyryf (gwyry’)
<GWII-riv, GWII-ri> [ˡgwiˑrɪv,
ˡgwiˑrɪ] (f)
PLURAL: gwyryfon <gwə-RƏV-on>
gwyryf, y ºwyryf virgin, the virgin
1 virgin = girl or woman who has not had sexual intercourse
2 virgin = a female animal that has never mated
3 (m) (obsolete) unmarried man
4 virgin = woman who has taken a religious vow of chastity in order to dedicate
herself to a deity; nun
5 Mair Wyry the Virgin Mary
genedigaeth wyryf virgin birth
6 yr Wyryf Virgo
7 (facetious) virgin = person unfamiliar with some activity, ignorant of the
rules of some game or procedure; novice
8 Llangwyryfon < Llan y gwyryfon (church of the nuns)
A local form is Llangwrddon
llan y gwyryfon > llan gwyryfon (loss of the linking definite article)
llan y gwyryfon > llan gwyryddon (change of f > dd; cf Caer-dydd,
originally Car-dyf. The Englsih name Cardiff is from this earlier
form)
llan gwyryddon > llan gwryddon (change of pretonic wy [ui] > w
[u])
llan gwryddon > llan gwr’ddon (loss of penultimate syllable,
and the prepenultimate syllable is now the penultimate and so the accented
syllable)
ADJECTIVE:
6 virgin
7 pure, untainted
8 virgin = uncultivated
tir gwyry = prairie
9 (butter) unsalted
ymenyn gwyryf unsalted butter
A spoken form is 'menyn gwyrdd, as if “green butter”
Ceredigion: menyn gwyran
South-east: menyn gwira
10 virgin = (vegetables oil) obtained directly by the first pressing of fruits,
leaves, or seeds of plants without applying heat
olew olewydd gwyryf virgin olive oil
ETYMOLOGY:
GWYRYFON < GWYRyON cf LLE, LLEFyDD; LLW, LLYFON
Cornish gwerghes (= virgin)
Breton gwerc'hez < (gwerc'h, equivalent to the Old Welsh
form gwyrgh) + (-ez, suffix to indicate a female)
The development of the word would seem to be:
Welsh gwyry’ < gwyryf < gwyrf < gwyrw < gwyrgh- < virg- < Latin virgo
1. Latin virgo > British virg- > gwyrgh- (v becomes Welsh gw; i becomes Welsh y; g – a
voiced velar plosive – becomes a voiced velar fricative
after ‘r’)
Cf gwyrdd (= green) < latin vir'd- < virid- (= green)
2. gwyrgh- > gwyrw- the
gh becomes consonantal w – other words in Welsh show the same
change
Cf an example of gh > w is lurg- (= way; equivalent to Irish lorg = way) > llwrgh
> llwrw (obsolete in modern Welsh
except in a couple of set phrases)
Breton conserves the old ‘gh’ - lerc'h
(= way).
3. gwyrw > gwyrf consonant w becomes f [f] – other words in Welsh show the
same change, especially in informal Welsh
dwywawl (obsolete) > dwyfol
(standard) (= devoted)
cawod (= shower) A dialect form is cafod
delw = imatge; A dialect form is (delf) > delff
gloywon (= the clear part of a
liquid after precipitation) A dialect form is gloefon
tywod (= sand) A dialect form is: tyfod
gorwedd (= lie down) A dialect form
is gorfedd
4. gwyrf > gwyryf the monosyllable becomes a bisyllable
with an echo vowel breaking up the final consonant cluster - – other words in
Welsh show the same change (eg. baraf, a colloquial pronunciation of barf
= beard)
5. gwyryf > gwyry’ loss of the final f – a typical
feature of polysyllabic words ending in f [v]
cwrwf (obsolete) > modern Welsh cwrw (= beer)
cyntaf (standard Welsh) (= first)
> cyntaf (colloquial form)
olaf (standard Welsh) (= last) > ola (colloquial form)
NOTE: A dialect form is gwerydd (Some Points of Similarity in the
Phonology of Welsh and Breton; T H Parry-Williams; 1913; Paris. Page 21) (In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd
is quite common, especially in the dial[ect]s…)
Probably *gwyryf > *gwyrydd >
gwerydd
(delwedd 7367)
In the word (sylw) the
final (w) was once non-syllabic, §75, and the (y) of the old
monosyllabic form remains in the present pronunciation (sylw); but it
becomes (y) {[ə]} regularly in (sylwi). For a similar reason (gwyry)
‘virgin’ is sounded (gwyry)
John Morris-Jones, Welsh Grammar 1921, section 118
:_______________________________.
gwyryfdy <gwə-RƏV-di> [gwəˡrəvdɪ] (f)
PLURAL: gwyryfdai
<gwə-RƏV-dai> [gwəˡrəvdaɪ]
1 (obsolete) nunnery
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyryf- , penult form of
gwyryf = virgin) + soft mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
gwys <GUIS> [gʊɪs] (f)
1 (obsolete) sow
2 (district of Maldwyn, county of
Powys) pig
3 place names:
Nant Gwys, tributary of the Twrch river in Cwm Twrch, Ystalyfera (county
of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) SN7813 http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/396920
Confluence of the Gwys Fawr and Gwys Fach streams
Gwystre SO0065 village in Powys
< Gwystref (gwys = sow, pig) + (tref = trêv, village)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=238888
4 (North Wales) gis gis! call
to a pig
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
Còrnic gwis (= sow, pig), Breton gwiz (= sow)
:_______________________________.
gwystl <GUISTl> [gʊɪstl] (m)
PLURAL: gwystlon
<GUIST-lon> [ˡgʊɪstlɔn]
1 pledge, pawn = thing or
person left in another’s keeping as security until some obligation has been
carried out
2
pledge, surety, bond, collateral; thing deposited as a pledge that a loan will
be repaid
Eseciel 18:7 Na gorthrymu neb, ond a
roddes ei wystl i’r dyledwr yn ei ôl
Ezekiel 18:7 And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his
pledge
3
condition of being collateral
bod yng ngwystl be in pledge
cael yng ngwystl receive as a pledge
cymryd yng ngwystl take as a pledge
dodi yng ngwystl put in pledge, hand
over as a pledge
rhoi yng ngwystl put in pledge, hand
over as a pledge
Amos 2:8 Ac ar ddillad wedi eu rhoi yng
gwystl y gorweddant wrth bob allor; a gwin y dirwyol a yfant yn nhy eu duw
Amos 2:8 And they lay themselves down upon clothes laid to pledge by every
altar, and they drink the wine of the condemned in the house of their god.
Deuteronomium 24:6 Na chymeryd neb faen
isaf nac uchaf i felin ar wystl; canys y mae yn cymeryd dyn yng ngwystl
Deuteronomy 24:6 No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge:
for he taketh a man’s life to pledge.
4 ar wystl = yng ngwystl
Ecsodws 22:26 Os cymeri ddiledyn dy
gymydog ar wystl, dyro ef adref iddo erbyn machludo haul
Exodus 22:26 If thou at all take thy neighbour’s raiment to pledge, thou shalt
deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down
5 cymryd ar wystl
take as security for a loan
Job 24:3 Y maent yn gyrru asynnod yr
amddifad ymaith; maent yn cymryd ych y wraig weddw ar wystl
Job 24:3 They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow’s ox
for a pledge.
6 hostage
7
‘hostage’ in forenames from the British period
Arwystl (= pledge, surety, bond), (ar- = intensifying prefix)
Cyngwystl (cyn- = dog, warrior)
Gwrwystl (gŵr = man)
Tangwystl (tân? = fire)
Tudwystl (tud = people)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwystl < British
From the same British root: Cornish gwystel
(= pledge, pawn; hostage), Breton gouestl
(= pledge, pawn; hostage).
1 Gaulish had the name Con-geistl-
(equivalent to the Welsh name Cyngwystl (cyn- = dog, warrior)
2 From the same Celtic root: Irish giall
(= hostage, human pledge)
3 German die Geisel <gáizəl> [ˡgáɪzəl] (= hostage)
Cf the English name Gilbert < Old French Guillebert ultimately from
Germanic ‘Gisil-berht’ (hostage + bright’) (if not Gilbert < will- + berht,
bright will),
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gwystl < British
From the same British root: Cornish gwistl,
Breton gouestl
Gaulish had con-geistl- (= Welsh Cyngwystl)
:_______________________________.
gwystlo <GUIST-lo> [ˡgʊɪstlɔ] (verb)
1
to pawn
:_______________________________.
gwystlwr <GUIST-lur> [ˡgʊɪstlʊr] (m)
PLURAL: gwystlwyr
<GUISTL-wir> [ˡgʊɪstlwɪr]
1 pawnbroker
ETYMOLOGY: (gwystl-, stem of the
verb gwystlo = to pawn) + (-wr ‘man’)
-
:_______________________________.
gwyth <GUITH> [gʊɪθ] (m)
PLURAL: gwythi,
gwythau, gwythiau <GUI-thi,
GUI-thai -the, GUITH-yai, -ye> [ˡgʊɪθɪ,
gʊɪθaɪ, -ɛ, gʊɪθjaɪ, -ɛ]
NOTE: (South Wales) 
> w in
the tonic syllable in many words; hence gwthi
.
Cf cmpo
(to fall) > cwmpo, and gbod
(= to know) > gwbod
1 vein, sinew
2 seam
gwythi glo coal seams
3 (pronounced gwthi) gristle in meat
4 (obsolete) stream
5 vein in a leaf, or rib (a larger vein
on a leaf)
6 cwlwm
gwythi cramp (“knot of tendons / muscles”)
Cododd cwlwm gwythi arno He got
cramp (“a knot of muscles rose on him”)
7 (South Wales) (person) esgudwyth irritable
(esgud = quick) + soft mutation + (gwyth = vein)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gth
< *g
th
< British wêtt- < Celtic.
In the other British languages: Cornish gwithi (= veins), Breton gwazh
(= stream)
In the Hibernian branch of Celtic: Irish féith
(= vein) < *weiti-
British wêtt- corresponds to
Latin vitta (= tape), related to
Latin viêre (= to plait)
Used in English, vitta (1) (Biology) stripe of colour, (2)
(Botany) tubelike cavity with oil in the fruits of certain plants such as
parsley
:_______________________________.
gwythïen,
gwythiennau <gwi-THII-en, gwi-thi-E-nai,
-e> [gwɪˡθiˑɛn, gwɪθɪˡɛnaɪ,
-ɛ] (f)
1
vein
y wythien the vein
:_______________________________.
Gwythur <GWII-thir> [ˡgwiˑθɪr] (m)
1
(obsolete) man’s name; from Latin Victor.
Survives as a surname in the Penfro / Pembroke area (“Gwyther”)
:_______________________________.
gwythwch <GWə-thukh> [ˡgwəθʊx] (m)
1 (obsolete) wild
boar
2
occurs in place-names:
..a/ Nant Gwythwch (Cemais, county of Penfro)
(“(the) stream / valley
(of the) wild boar”)
(nant = valley in older Welsh, stream in modern Welsh) + (Gwythwch
“(stream) (of the) wild boar”)
..b/ Blaengwythwch, Carregcennen, Llandeilo (county of Caerfyrddin)
(“source (of the)
Gwythwch (stream)”
(blaen = source
of a stream) + (Gwythwch “(stream) (of the) wild boar”)
..c/ (possibly) Cilgwythwch, Llan-rug (SH5363) (county of Gwynedd)
(“source (of the)
Gwythwch (stream)”
(cil = source of
a stream; nook) + (Gwythwch “(stream) (of the) wild boar”)
ETYMOLOGY: (gwydd = wild) + (hwch = pig; in modern Welsh hwch is
a (f), meaning ‘sow’) > gwydd-hwch > gwyth-’wch / gwythwch
(dd-h > th)
:_______________________________.
gwywiad <GWIU-yad> [ˡgwɪʊjad] (m)
PLURAL: gwywiadau <gwiu-YAA-dai, -e> [gwɪʊˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 atrophy, withering,
fading
ETYMOLOGY: (gwyw- stem of gwywo = to fade, to wither, to atrophy)
+(-i-ad abstract noun-forming
suffix)
:_______________________________.
gwywo <GWIU-wo> [ˡgwɪʊwɔ] (verb)
1
fade
:_______________________________.
gyda, gydag
(preposition) (gydag before a vowel)
1 with
2 gyda
chyfaill
(preposition) with a friend
3
gyda llaw
(adverb) by the way
4
gyda phleser
(adverb) with pleasure
5 gyda chryn drafferth with great difficulty
6 (South Wales) mynd gyda (1)
accompany (2) go out with (a sexual partner)
7 gyda phob parch i chi with
all due respect (“with every respect to you”)
8
gyda’ch cennad by your leave, with
your permission
gyda chennad with permission
9 used with superlative adjectives to form phrases equivalent to
English ‘one of the best’ (gyda’r gorau),
‘one of the most expensive’ (gyda’r
drutaf) etc
diemwnt gyda’r harddaf one of the
most beautiful diamonds
10 gyda’r clod uchaf
summa cum laude (“with the highest praise”)
11 (South) affected parts of body
Mae pen tost gyda fi I’ve got a
headache
Mae gwddwg tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
Mae llwnc tost gyda fi I’ve got a
sore throat
12 gydag amser with the passage
of time, over time (“with time”)
(delwedd 7366)
:_______________________________.
gyda golwg ar
1 with reference to, as
regards
ETYMOLOGY: (“with (a) view on”) (gyda
= with) + (golwg = view) + (ar = on)
:_______________________________.
g
ydd 2 <GWIIDH> [ˡgwiːð] (m)
1 originally = “wooden frame” See gwydden
= tree
2 North Wales plough
PLURAL: gwyddion
A fuller form is gwydd aredig
(“plough / wooden frame (of) ploughing”)
Generally the word for ‘plough’ is aradr
3 weaver’s loom
PLURAL: gwyddiau
gwydd dŵr water-powered loom
gwydd llaw hand loom
gwydd mawr big loom
gwydd pŵer power loom
ETYMOLOGY: See gwydden
:_______________________________.
gyddfau
(PLURAL: noun)
1
necks, throats; see gwddf
:_______________________________.
gyddf-ddu adjective
1 black-throated, black-necked;
gwyach yddf-ddu black-necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis
trochydd gyddf-ddu black-throated
diver Gavia arctica
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (du = black)
:_______________________________.
gyddfdorch (f)
PLURAL: gyddfdorchau
1
torque = necklace made of twisted metal, usually gold, worn by the ancient
Celts and Germans
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (torch = torque, neckalce of twisted
gold, etc)
:_______________________________.
gyddfgam adjective
1 wrynecked, with a twisted neck
aderyn gyddfgam (bird) wryneck
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-,
penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (cam = twisted)
:_______________________________.
gyddf-goch adjective
1 red-throated, red-necked; gwyach
yddfgoch red-necked grebe
ETYMOLOGY: (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf = neck) + soft mutation + (coch = red)
See corhedydd gyddf-goch / gwyach
gyddf-goch / llydandroed gyddf-goch
:_______________________________.
gyddfir adjective
1 long-necked
ETYMOLOGY: gyddfir < gyddf-hir (gyddf-, penult form of gwddf
= neck) + (hir = long)
:_______________________________.
gyfeillion
1 soft-mutated form of cyfeillion = friends. See cyfaill
2 also used as a vocative form
Gyfeillion! Friends!
Pnawn da, gyfeillion! Good
afternoon, friends. (On local radio in Y Wladfa (the Welsh settlement in
Argentina), Tegai Roberts presented a weekly hour-long programme of Welsh
music, which I herad in 1975. This was the greeting at the beginning of the
programme, and the only Welsh words which were permitted, apart from the song
titles)
Croeso, gyfeillion! Welcome,
friends!
Amser cau, gyfeillion! Time,
gentlemen, please! (Announcement by a pub landlord that it is time for
customers to leave the premises) (“time (of) closing, friends”)
:_______________________________.
gyferbyn
1 opposite, facing
2 (preposition) gyferbyn â opposite
bron gyferbyn â almost opposite
yn union gyferbyn â directly opposite
NOTE: (South Wales) goddereb < godderbyn < gyferbyn
Also goddyreb with the vowel reduction e
> y
ETYMOLOGY: cyferbyn
(adjective) = opposite. There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in
adverbial phrases, inthis case c > g, hence gyferbyn
:_______________________________.
Y Gyffin (f)
1 SH7776 locality in the
county of Conwy (a suburb in the south side of the town of Conwy)
Ysgol Gyffin name
of a primary school in Conwy
2 a parish at
this place
ETYMOLOGY: “the boundary, the frontier” (y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (cyffin
= boundary, frontier)
:_______________________________.
Y Gyffin (f)
1 SH7776 locality in the county
of Conwy (a suburb in the south side of the town of Conwy)
Ysgol Gyffin name
of a primary school in Conwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH7776
2 a parish at
this place
ETYMOLOGY: “the boundary, the frontier” (y
= definite article) + soft mutation + (cyffin
= boundary, frontier)
:_______________________________.
gyfod- verb
1 soft-mutated form (c > g) of cyfod-, stem of the verb cyfodi
= raise, lift; arise, get up. In modern Welsh the verb is codi
Croniclau-2 30:14 A hwy a
gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant ymaith yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant
ymaith allorau yr arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwynt i afon Cidron
Chronicles-2 30:14 And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem,
and all the altar for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook
Kidron
:_______________________________.
Y Gyfylchi <ə
gə-VƏL-khi> [ə
gəˡvəlxɪ] (f)
There are two places in Wales with this name:
1 SS8095 In the south-east, by Pont-rhyd-y-fen in
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan county:
Y Gyfylchi (= the fort), Bwlch y Gyfylchi (= the pass of Y
Gyfylchi), Craig y Gyfylchi (= the rock of Y Gyfylchi), Capel y Gyfylchi
SS8195 (= the chapel of Y Gyfylchi)
There was also Twnel y Gyfylchi (“Gyfylchi Tunnel”) on the South Wales Mineral
Railway, later called the Twnel y Ton-mawr (“Ton-mawr Tunnel”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/845238
adfail y Capel / ruins of the Chapel
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/773709
adfail y Capel / ruins of the Chapel (“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
2 In the south-east, in the
county of Mynwy / Monmouth, between Llaneuddogwy and Tryleg:
Y Gyfylchi
3 Also, in the north-west there is Dwygyfylchi <dui gə-VƏL-khi> [dʊɪgəˡvəlxɪ]
Village (SH7377) in Conwy,
between Penmaen-mawr and Penmaen-bach
Thers is mention of the place in the 1500s as y ddwy gyfylchi “the two
forts” (y definite article) + soft mutation + (dwy = two) + soft
mutation + (cyfylchi = fort)
(delwedd 7012)
ETYMOLOGY: “the fort” (y = definite
article) + soft mutation + (cyfylchi
= fort);
cyfylchi is from (cyfylch- < cyfwlch
= complete, perfect; circle) + (-i noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
Y Gyfylchi <ə
gə-VƏL-khi> [ə
gəˡvəlxɪ] (f)
There are two places in Wales with this name:
1 SS8095 In the south-east, by Pont-rhyd-y-fen in
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan county:
Y Gyfylchi (= the fort), Bwlch y Gyfylchi (= the pass of Y
Gyfylchi), Craig y Gyfylchi (= the rock of Y Gyfylchi), Capel y Gyfylchi
SS8195 (= the chapel of Y Gyfylchi)
There was also Twnel y Gyfylchi (“Gyfylchi Tunnel”) on the South Wales Mineral
Railway, later called the Twnel y Ton-mawr (“Ton-mawr Tunnel”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/845238
adfail y Capel / ruins of the Chapel
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/773709
adfail y Capel / ruins of the Chapel
(“The Geograph British Isles
project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and
information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
2 In the south-east, in the
county of Mynwy / Monmouth, between Llaneuddogwy and Tryleg:
Y Gyfylchi
3 Also, in the north-west there is Dwygyfylchi <dui gə-VƏL-khi> [dʊɪgəˡvəlxɪ]
Village (SH7377) in Conwy,
between Penmaen-mawr and Penmaen-bach
This is dwy gyfylch “two forts”. There is mention of the place in
the 1500s with a preceding definite article:
y ddwy gyfylchi “the two forts”
(y definite article) + soft mutation + (dwy
= two) + soft mutation + (cyfylchi = fort)
(delwedd 7012)
ETYMOLOGY: “the fort” (y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (cyfylchi
= fort);
cyfylchi is from (cyfylch- < cyfwlch
= complete, perfect; circle) + (-i noun suffix)
:_______________________________.
Y Gyfynys ‹ə
gəv Ə nis› (f)
1 SH6079 farm name, Ynys Môn, north
of Llan-faes
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6078
ETYMOLOGY: (y definite
article) + soft mutation + (cyfynys = ?two meadows)
:_______________________________.
@@gylf gylf <GILV> [gɪlf] (m)
PLURAL: gylfau
<GəL-vai,
-e> [ˡgəlvaɪ, -ɛ]
1 obsolete beak. Modern Welsh has gylfin (= beak) (qv)
2
the British root is to be seen in the town name “Reculver”, a town in
South-east England of British and Roman origin (Latin name: Regulbium, British
name *Regulbion) “big beak”, apparently referring to a promontory, from (ro intensifying prefix, corresponding
to modern Welsh rhy- (intensifying
prefix), rhy (noun = too much,
adverb = too much, too)) + (gulbi- =
beak)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh gylf < British *gulbi-
cf English gouge, year 1440+ <
French gouge < Late Latin gulbia
(= chisel) < Celtic
Modern French has gouge (= gouge, hollow chisel)
:_______________________________.
gylfin <GəL-vin> [ˡgəlvɪn] (m)
PLURAL: gylfinod
<gəl-VII-nod> [gəlˡviˑnɔd]
1 bill, beak
Genesis 8:11 A’r golomen a ddaeth ato ef
ar brynhawn; ac wele ddeilen olewydden yn ei gylfin hi, wedi ei thynnu
Genesis 8:11 And the dove came in to him in the evening; and, lo, in her mouth
was an olive leaf pluckt off
2
See also gylb (obsolete form =
beak), and the bird names gylfinbraff,
gylfindew, gylfingroes, gylfinir
ETYMOLOGY: gylfin < British *gulbin- < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish gelvin
(= beak)
From the same Celtic root: Irish guilbneán
(= little beak)
NOTE: also with the pronunciations cylfin
<KƏL-vin> [ˡkəlvɪn]
and
cilfin <KIL-vin> [ˡkɪlvɪn]
:_______________________________.
gylfinaid <gəl-VII-ned> [gəlˡviˑnaɪd
-ɛd] (m)
PLURAL: gylfineidiau
<gəl-vi-NEID-yai,
-ye> [gəlvɪnˡəɪdjaɪ,
- ɛ]
1 beakful
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + (-aid, suffix = contents, -ful)
NOTE: North-west Wales glyfiniad <glə-VI-nyad> [ˡgləvɪnjad] , In this region
aid > iad. Also with the loss of -i
- glyfinad <glə-VII-nad> [gləˡviˑnad] , and with a change of accent and the loss of a syllable glyfniad <GLəV-nyad> [ˡgləvnjad]
:_______________________________.
gylfinbraff <gəl-VIN-braf> [gəlˡvɪnbraf] (m)
PLURAL: gylfinbraffau
<gəl-vin-BRA-fai
-fe> [gəlvɪnˡbrafaɪ, -ɛ]
1 Coccothraustes coccothraustes hawfinch
ETYMOLOGY: see the preceding etymology
:_______________________________.
gylfinbraff <gəl-VIN-braf> [gəlˡvɪnbraf] adjective
1 having a stout bill
2 morwennol ylfinbraff Gelochelidon nilotica gull-billed tern
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft
mutation + (praff = stout)
:_______________________________.
gylfindew <gəl-VIN-deu> [gəlˡvɪndɛʊ] adjective
1 having a thick bill
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft
mutation + (tew = thick, fat)
:_______________________________.
gylfingroes <gəl-VIN-grois> [gəlˡvɪŋgroɪs] adjective
1 with a crossed bill
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft
mutation + (croes = crossed)
:_______________________________.
gylfingroes <gəl-VIN-grois> [gəlˡvɪŋgroɪs] adjective
1 with a crossed bill
ETYMOLOGY: (gylfin = beak) + soft
mutation + (croes = crossed)
:_______________________________.
gylfingroes <gəl-VIN-grois> [gəlˡvɪŋgroɪs] (m)
PLURAL: gylfingroesau
<gəl-vin-GROI-se> [gəlˡvɪŋgroɪsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1 (Ornithology) Loxia curvirostra crossbill
(delwedd 7371)
ETYMOLOGY: see the preceding entry
:_______________________________.
gylfinir <gəl-VII-nir> [gəlˡviˑnɪr] (m)
PLURAL: gylfinirod
<gəl-vi-NII-rod> [gəlvɪˡniˑrɔd]
1 Numenius arquata = curlew
Heol Gylfinir “heol y gylfinir”
“(the) street (of) the curlew”)
Street name in Y Barri (county of Bro Morgannwg)
2 coegylfinir (Numenius phaeopus) whimbrel, lesser curlew (coeg = empty, blind; pseudo- ) + soft
mutation + (gylfinir = curlew)
ETYMOLOGY: “long beak” gylfinir <
gylfinhir < (gylfin = beak) + (hir =
long)
NOTE: North-west Wales glifirin and glinifir
:_______________________________.
gymaint adverb
1 so much (= so often) Pam mae e gymaint ar ei ben ei hunan?
Why is he alone so much?
y naill gymaint â’r llall one as
much as the other, equally
Rwy i’n hoffi’r naill gymaint â’r llall
I like them both equally, I like one as much as the other
ETYMOLOGY: There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases,
hence cymaint > gymaint (c > g)
:_______________________________.
gymanfa <kə-MAN-va> [kəˡmanva] (f)
1 soft-mutated form of cymanfa (= assembly)
y gymanfa the
assembly
cymanfa
ganu, cymanfaoedd canu <kə-MAN-va
GAA-ni, kə-man-VAA-oidh, -odh, KAA-ni> [kəˡmanva ˡgɑˑnɪ, kəmanˡvɑˑɔɪð,
-ɔð, ˡkɑˑnɪ] hymn-singing festival
y gymanfa ganu the hymn-singing festival
In the United States a cymanfa
ganu is referred to in English by non-Welsh-speaking Welsh descendants in
the soft-mutated form, gymanfa ganu, resulting in the unfortunately
incorrect title of the organisation promoting this kind of event as the WNGGA,
the Welsh National Gymanfa Ganu Association, when it should be the WNCGA, the
Welsh National Cymanfa Ganu Association.
http://www.wngga.org/
(2008-12-06)
“The Welsh National Gymanfa Ganu
Association, North American Welsh cultural organization. Promotion of
everything Welsh, particularly the Gymanfa Ganu (Guhmonva Gonee) or Welsh
Singing Festival.”
:_______________________________.
Gymro
1 (epithet) = the Welshman; Welsh
speaker
Gerallt Gymro Gerald the Welshman,
translation of “Giraldus Cambrensis”, (Gerald of Wales), the name used by the
Latin writer Gerald de Barri (c1146-1223), a Welshman of a mixed Norman-settler
and native-Welsh background
Siôn ap Rhys Gymro in Aberhonddu in the year 1538
Dafydd Gymro name of an individual
in the year
ETYMOLOGY: Gymro soft mutation of Cymro (= Welshman) (epithets had soft
mutation of the first consonant)
:_______________________________.
Gymru (f)
1 soft-mutated form of Cymru
= Wales
Croeso i Gymru = Welcome to Wales
gwlanen Gymru Welsh flannel
:_______________________________.
gynau -
1 gowns - PLURAL: form of gwn
:_______________________________.
gynddeiriog adjective
1 soft-mutated form of cynddeiriog
= rabid
2
intensifier = very, exceptionally
bod yn hoff gynddeiriog o be
extremely fond of
:_______________________________.
gynt adverb
1 formerly, before, earlier
2
Gynt... Once upon a time
(conventional phrase for beginning a fairy tale, etc) (Also: Unwaith..., Un
tro..., Ers talwm..., Ers llawer dydd..., Ryw dro...”)
3
quicker, sooner
:_______________________________.
gynt (f)
1 obsolete people, tribe
2 in certain names from the British period - Gwrin, Bleddyn
ETYMOLOGY: gynt < Latin gent-em < gens (= family; race)
:_______________________________.
gyntaf adv
1 first = for the first time
pan ddaeth tatws i Ewrop gyntaf when
potatoes first came to Europe
fe’i cyhoeddwyd gyntaf yn 1975 it
was first printed in 1975
2
gyntaf erióed for the first time
ever, for the first time in my life
yno brofes i fango ginta erioed
there I tasted a mango for the first time ever
3
gweld golau dydd gyntaf first see
the light of day (= be born)
4
first = before
pwy fu farw gyntaf - y gŵr neu’r
wraig? who died firdt - the man or the woman?
ETYMOLOGY: cyntaf (= first) with
soft mutation to indicate its adverbial function
:_______________________________.
gynted fyth ag y gellir adv)
1 as soon as possible, as soon as you possibly can
ETYMOLOGY: (cynted = as
soon) + (fyth, soft-mutated form of byth = ever) + (ag y =
that) + (gellir = it can be (done)) There is soft mutation of an initial
consonant in adverbial phrases - hence cynted > gynted
:_______________________________.
gyr verb
1 (past participle) driven;
wrought
metel gyr wrought metal
2
(literary Welsh) he / she / it will drive (third person singular present of
gyrru) (colloquially this is gyrriff
or gyrrith)
:_______________________________.
gyr- verb
1 stem of gyrru (= to drive) before a consonant
gyrwyr drivers (here w is a consonant)
:_______________________________.
gyr, gyrroedd (m)
1 flock, herd
[ˡgɪr, gə rɔð] [ˡgɪr]
-(masculine-noun)-
-driver
:_______________________________.
gyr, gyrroedd (m)
1 flock, herd
:_______________________________.
gyredig adjective
1
driven
siafft yredig driven shaft
trydan-yredig electricity driven,
electrically operated
ETYMOLOGY: (gyr-, stem of gyrru = to drive) + (-edig past passive suffix)
:_______________________________.
gyrfa, gyrfaoedd (f)
1
career
yr yrfa the career
:_______________________________.
Gyrn Goch <girn GOOKH> [gɪrn ˡgoːx]
1 See Gurn Goch
:_______________________________.
Y Gyrnos <ə
GƏR-nos> [ˡgərnɔs]
1
place name
..a/ In Merthyrtudful, there
is a district marked on the Ordnance Survey map as “Gurnos” (i.e. Y Gurnos);
the farm to the north-west which gave its name to the district is marked
“Gyrnos Fm”, i.e. Y Gyrnos, which is the local form of Y Gurnos (the
reduction of a pretonic vowel or diphthong to the obscure vowel [ə] is a
common feature of Welsh)
..b/ farm SO0543 west of Erwd, Powys
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/674036
ETYMOLOGY:
“small mounds” (definite article y) + soft mutation + (cyrnos, a
variant of curnos = small mounds)
Curnos is (curn = heap, mound)
+ (-os PLURAL: diminutive suffix). After the definite article there is
soft mutation of the initial consonant of words PLURAL:ised with –os if
the base word is a (f) – i.e. it acts as though a feminine singular noun
curn (= mound), y gurn (= the mound), y gurnos (= the
mounds)
In some names as Gernos, though this might be an anglicised form
SN3545, Llangynog, Ceredigion
“Gernos Mountain” (From Welsh Mynydd y Gernos?). Nearby SN3645, to the
south-east, is “Gernos Farm” (Y Gernos).
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN3545
:_______________________________.
Y Gyrnos PLURAL:
1 In place names.
“the small heaps, the small mounds, the little mounds, the burial mounds, the
tumuli”
A form of Y Gurnos
See curnos and curn
:_______________________________.
y Gyrn Goch <girn GOOKH> [gɪrn ˡgoːx]
1 See Gurn Goch
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
y Gyrnosfa <GƏR-nos-va> [gərˡnɔsva]
1 street name in
Ystradgynlais
ETYMOLOGY: “place of small mounds” (gyrnos,
variant of gurnos = small mounds) + (-fa suffix = place); or if the name is based on the neighbouring
locality below Ystradgynlais of Y Gurnos (or colloquially Y Gyrnos), “place of
Y Gyrnos”, “place where somebody from Y Gyrnos lives”
:_______________________________.
gyrr- verb
1 stem of gyrru (= to drive) before a vowel
gyrrwr driver (here w is a vowel)
:_______________________________.
gyrru <GƏ-ri> [ˡgərɪ] (verb)
1
to drive (a vehicle)
2 drive (cattle), (as a cattle drover)
3 gyrru byddin ar ffo
to rout an army (“drive an army fleeing”)
4 gyrru
(ymosodiad) yn ei ôl repel (an attack)
5 (North) gyrru rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“drive /
send between people”)
Cf (South) hala rhwng pobl stir up trouble between people (“send between
people”)
6 gyrru ofn ar frighten
gyrru braw ar frighten
gyrru dychryn ar frighten
gyrru ar oppress
gyrru ar y gweision br hard on the farmhands
gyrru ar y ci a redo exploit a willing worker, be more
demanding on a compliant worker than on other
Câi rhai'r enw o fod yn well
gweithiwr na'i gilydd neu'n bobl barotach
eu cymwynas. Y duedd, ac mae hyn yn wir heddiw yn enwedig mewn
gwaith gwirfoddol, oedd achub mantais ar y bobl hynny, gan
'yrru ar y ci a redo' ym Môn
:_______________________________.
gyrrwr, gyrwyr <GƏ-rur, GƏR-wir> [ˡgərʊr,
ˡgərwɪr] (m)
1
driver
prentis gyrrwr learner driver
gyrrwr fan van driver
gyrrwr bws, gyrwyr bysiau bus driver
gyrrwr car car driver
gyrrwr crên crane driver
gyrrwr lori truck driver, teamster (Englandic: lorry driver)
gyrrwr tacsi taxi driver
gyrrwr tram tram driver
gyrrwr trên train driver
ETYMOLOGY: originally “to drive
cattle”, but has come to mean “to drive a vehilce” in imitation of the sense
decevelopment in English. In colloquial Welsh, dreifio, drifo are used
(from English “to drive (a vehicle”) (gyrr- penult form of gyr
= herd) + (-u verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
gyrwyr
(PLURAL: noun)
1 drivers; PLURAL: of gyrrwr
:_______________________________.
gystal ad(verb)
1 so well, as well
gystal â neb as well as anyone, with the best of them
gystal os nad gwell na... as well as if not better than...
Gallai Marged rwyfo cwch gystal os nad gwell nag unrhyw ddyn
Marged could row a boat as well as, if not better then, a man
ETYMOLOGY: gystal = soft
mutation of cystal (= as well). Adverbial phrases have soft mutation of
the initial consonant of the first word
:_______________________________.
gythrel
1 soft mutation of cythrel, colloquial form of cythraul (= devil)
2
damned, bloody, goddam
yr ast gythrel that goddam bitch
:_______________________________.
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_gw_1042e.htm 09-08-2012
Diweddariad:
29-07-2020
Diweddariad blaenorol: 09-08-2012
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