A
Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_br_1735e.htm
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
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(delw
3219) |
∆
1580e A
| 1039e B
| 1735e BR
| 1018e C
| 1071e CE
| 1675e CI
| 1040e CR
| 1075e CY | 1020e D
| 1674e DI
| 1072e E | 1077e F
| 1021e G
| 1042e GW
| 1038e H
| 1676e HY,
I, J, K, | 1865e L | 1022e M
| 1677e MI
| 1047e N | 1600e O
| 1023e P
| 1073e PL
| 1026e R
| 1070e S
| 1024e T
| 1076e TR
| 1025e U,V | 1731e W,
X | 1586e Y,
Z |
brâc <BRAAK> [brɑːk]
PLURAL braciau,
brâcs <BRAK-yai, -ye, BRAAKS> [ˡbrakjaɪ, -jɛ, brɑːks]
1
brake
rhoi’r brâc put on the brake
gollwng y brâc release the brake
ETYMOLOGY: English brake 1700+ <
Dutch. Related to English break (=
fracture)
:_______________________________.
Brăcla <BRAK-la> [ˡbrakla]
1 locality in Pen-y-bont
ar Ōgwr (SS9279) 11% Welsh-speakers (2001)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9279
map
:_______________________________.
bractɥ <BRAK-ti> [ˡbraktɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL bractai <BRAK-tai> [ˡbraktaɪ]
1 malthouse, malting
2
brewery = place for making beer
3
brewery = brewery company
Heol y Bracty (or less correctly Heol y Bragdy) street in Caerfyrddin
/
ETYMOLOGY: (brag- stem of bragu = to malt, to brew) + soft
mutation + (tɥ = house) > brág-dɥ > bractɥ
NOTE: Also bragdɥ
:_______________________________.
brad <BRAAD> [braːd] masculine
noun
PLURAL bradau
<BRAA-dai, -de>
[ˡbraˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1 treachery, treason
uchel frad high treason
2
act of treachery
gweithred o frad act of treachery
3 Pant y Brad “treason
hollow”, geographical feature in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(pant = hollow) + (y = definite article) + (brad = treason)
This same name as a street name in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf):
Pant-y-brad (the elements of
settlement names are written together as a single word)
(though misspelt in the official form as “Pantybrad”)
See the chapter “Pant y Brad” on page 69 of Hanes Tonyrefail (The History of
Tonyrefail) / Thomas Morgan (Caer-dɥdd 1899) / at http://www.kimkat.org/catalunyacymru/catala/sion_prys_013_hanes_tonyrefail_01e_1288.htm
or
http://www.kimkat.org/catalunyacymru/catala/sion_prys_013_hanes_tonyrefail_01e.htm
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *brat-
< Celtic *mrat-
From the same British root: Cornish braz
(= plot, trap, pitfall, ambush), Breton barad
(= treason)
Irlandès: brath (= betrayal, spying;
perception, feeling)
:_______________________________.
bradu <BRAA-di> [ˡbraˑdɪ] verb
1 waste
bradu arian waste money
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bradu < ’fradu < afradu
This is (afrad = misfortune) + (-u = suffix).
The word afrad is af rad (af- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (rhad = grace).
1) The falling away of a pretonic first syllable is common in Welsh - afradu > ’fradu.
Compare Nadolig > ’Dolig (= Christmas), esgidiau > sgidie (= shoes)
2) The initial f [v] of ’fradu
has been misunderstood as being the soft mutation of [b] . This has resulted in a new radical form bradu
The exact same sequence is to be seen in northern Welsh blêr < ’flêr < aflêr (= untidy).
NOTE:
The change d > t at the beginning of the final
syllable is typical of this dialect
:_______________________________.
bradwr <BRAA-dur> [ˡbraˑdʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL bradwɥr <BRAD-wir>
[ˡbradwɪr]
1 traitor; North Wales traitor; rat, ratter, snitch, betrayer
carn-fradwr carn fradwr arrant traitor
troi'n fradwr turn traitor
troi'n fradwr i (rɥwun) turn traitor (on somebody), rat (on
somebody), betray (somebody)
2
North Wales scab, blackleg,
strikebreaker; person who works when his fellow workers are on strike
ETYMOLOGY: (brad-, stem of bradu = betray) + (-u suffix)
:_______________________________.
bradwriaeth <bra-DUR-yaith,
-yeth> [braˡdʊrjaiɵ,
-jɛɵ] feminine noun
1 treason, treachery
ETYMOLOGY: (bradwr = traitor) + (-i-aeth suffix)
:_______________________________.
bradwrus (bra-DUU-ris) [braˡduˑrɪs] adjective
1 treacherous
ETYMOLOGY: (bradwr = traitor) + (-us suffix)
:_______________________________.
bradychu <bra-DƏ-khi> [braˡdəxɪ] verb
1 betray
Byffŵn o Gymro a fradychodd ei
famwlad A Welsh buffon who betrayed his mother country
bradychu’r achos betray the cause
2
betray, give away = reveal, inadvertently reveal
ein gwefusau cochliw yn bradychu'r
ffaith ein bod wedi bwɥta llus
our red lips betraying the fact that we had eaten bilberries
3
North Wales scab (on one's fellow
workers)
bradychu ei gɥd-chwarelwɥr scab on his fellow quarrymen
ETYMOLOGY: bradychu < bredychu (brad = treachery) + (-ychu).
The vowel y caused the change a > e.
The modern form however has a owing
to the influence of brad (=
treachery), bradwr (= traitor)
:_______________________________.
braen <BRAIN> [braɪn] verb (adjective)
1 putrid, rotten
2
ceulfran curds; cottage cheese
ceul fraen (ceul- = penult form of caul
= curds) + soft mutation + ( braen =
rotten, putrid)
This is a word from South-west Wales, though in fact it has the form colfran < coulfraen
In older Welsh eu was ou, and this has been maintained in the south, though in the rest of the
country penult ou > eu,
non-penult ou > eu > au.
:_______________________________.
braenar <BRƏI-nar>
[ˡbrəinar] masculine noun
PLURAL braenarau (brəi-NAA-re) [ˡbrəinaˑrɛ]
1 fallow land = land
ploughed and left unsown in order to kill weeds
bod yn fraenar lie fallow
Mae’r tir yn fraenar eleni
2 cattle disease which causes them to
eat unusual objects, substances - soil, stones, drying clothes
3 unnatural hunger
Roedd y ddau fachgen wedi bwɥta fel petai branar arnɥn
nhw
The two boys ate as if there was “an unnatural hunger on them”
ETYMOLOGY: The element braen may be related to brɥn (= hill), and bron (= breast, hill).
But according to Joan Coramines (ZCP 25
1956 p49) “braenar, a
fallow field, coming from an older BRAKNA-RO < BRAKNO 'rotten', which comes
in turn from the IE root MRK- 'mire','humid thing'... braña, already
attested in the 8th century and usual in Galicia, Northern Portugal, Asturias
and Santander, means 'a swampy or boggy place, a humid meadow'. It reappears in
In other Celtic languages: Breton: breinar (= fallow land), Irish: branar
(= fallow land)
NOTE: A variant of braenar is branar [brâ-nar] .
It occurs in the place name Mynɥdd Branar (“highland of the fallow”), near Dolwen,
Baecolwɥn (
Another is brynar.
English-Welsh Dictionary, Rev. John Walters, Rector of Llandough,
Glamorganshire. (Volume 1: 3rd edition, 1828). Fallow, fallow-ground or fallow-field [in
Husbandry] Braenar (vulgò branar, brynar)
:_______________________________.
braenaru <brəi-NAA-ri>
[ˡbrəɪnaˑrɪ] verb
1 leave (land) fallow
2 braenaru'r tir ar gyfer pave the way for (“leave the land
fallow for”)
ETYMOLOGY: (braenar = fallow land ) + (-u suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________.
braf ‹BRAAV› [braːv] (adjective)
1 splendid
2 (weather) fine, sunny
3 cael lle braf get a cushy job (“get a fine place”)
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is
added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: “BRAVE, adj.
insignia, egregius, eminently fine; said also of a person in good health.”
:_______________________________.
brag ‹BRAAG› [braːg] masculine noun
PLURAL bragau <BRAA-gai, -ge> [ˡbraˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
1 malt = grain made ready for brewing
bractɥ malthouse, place to germinate grains; brewery
brag gwenith malt made from wheat
grain
bragwr (qv) maltster, brewer
bregɥn a grain of malt
cerwɥn frag / cerwɥni brag mash tub / mash tubs
cwrw brag barley-malt beer
gwneud brag to malt (vi)
odɥn frag malt kiln
troi’n frag (seeds) to malt
2 brag gwlɥb mash = mixture of mashed malt grains
and hot water from which malt is extracted mwɥdo brag to liquor malt
trwɥtho brag to liquor malt
3 dŵr brag liquid from
mash
4 clwɥd frag = hurdle for drying malt on
5 finegr brag = malt
vinegar
llaeth â brag malted milk
torth frag / torthau brag malt loaf
/ malt loaves
wisgi brag = malt whisky
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brag < British
< Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish brag
(= malt)
From the same Celtic root: Irish braich (=
malt)
Cf Latin marcor (= putrefaction)
:_______________________________.
bragu <BRAA-gi> [ˡbraˑgɪ] verb
1 brew
2 malt = produce malt
ETYMOLOGY: (brag = malt) + (-wr suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
bragwr <BRAA-gur>
[ˡbraˑgʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL bragwɥr <BRA-gwir} [ˡbragwɪr]
1
brewer
2 y bragwɥr the brewers, the brewery companies
ETYMOLOGY: (brag = malt) + (-wr agent suffix)
:_______________________________.
braich <BRAIKH>
[braɪx]
PLURAL: breichiau <BRƏIKH yai, -ye> [ˡbrəɪxjai, -jɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 arm
y fraich = the arm
2
fraich ym mraich <vraikh ə MRAIKH> [vraɪxəˡmraɪx] (adverb) arm in arm
3
nerth braich ac ysgwɥdd <nerth BRAIKH ag
Ə-skuidh> [nɛrθ
ˡbraɪx ag ˡəskʊɪð]
(adverb) with all one's might “(the) strength (of) arm and shoulder”
4
(South Wales) naill fraich =
one-armed
5 unfraich one-armed
un fraich (un = un) +
soft mutation + ( braich = arm)
:_______________________________.
Braid <BRAID> [braɪd] (feminine noun)
1 woman saint
2 Llansanffráid <lhan-san-FRAID> [ɬansanˡfraɪd] (place names - church of saint Braid)
:_______________________________.
braidd <BRAIDH> [braɪð] adverb
1 hardly, scarcely
braidd bɥth hardly ever
2
almost, nearly
braidd neb almost nobody (qv)
braidd dim almost nothing (qv)
3 rather, somewhat, kind of; braidd
yn + adjective
with bod –
Ma hi braidd yn oer allan heddiw
It’s fairly cold out today
Mae’n ymddangos braidd yn anhygoel
It seems hard to believe
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh braidd <
British; the equivalent word in Breton is bre
(= pain, difficulty, effort)
braidd yn hwɥr <braidh ən HUIR> [braɪð ən ˡhʊɪr] (adverb) rather late
(b) also after an adjective: oer braidd
fairly cold
3 o'r braidd hardly,
scarcely, barely
O’r braidd ’mod i’n eich nabod I
hardly know you
O’r braidd rw i’n eich nabod I
hardly know you
O’r braidd y medr hi ddarllen She’s
scarcely able to read, she can hardly read
O’r braidd ’mod i’n meddwl am un dim
arall I hardly think of anything else
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh braidd <
British.
The equivalent word in Breton is bre
(= pain, difficulty, effort) < *brez
:_______________________________.
braidd ddim
<braidh DHIM> [braɪð
ˡðɪm] pronom
1 hardly anything, hardly any
Does gen i braidd ddim ar ôl I’ve
got hardly any left
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd = hardly,
scarcely; almost, nearly) + (dim =
anything, nothing)
:_______________________________.
braidd
neb <braidh NEEB> [braɪð ˡneːb] pronom
1 hardly anyone
Ddaeth braidd neb hardly anybody
came
Fu yno braidd neb ddoe there was
hardly anybody there yesterday
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd = hardly,
scarcely; almost, nearly) + (neb =
somebody, nobody)
:_______________________________.
brain <BRAIN> [braɪn] (npl)
1 crows; see brân
:_______________________________.
braint, PLURAL: breintiau <BRAINT,
BREINT-yai, -ye> [braɪnt,
ˡbrəɪntjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 privilege
y fraint = the privilege
2 hawlio braint claim a
privilege
:_______________________________.
bran <BRAN> [bran] (masculine noun)
1 bran
:_______________________________.
brân, PLURAL: brain <BRAAN, BRAIN> [brɑːn,braɪn] (feminine noun)
1 crow
y frân = the crow
2
traed brain crows’ feet
Mae ganddo ysgrifen fel traed brain His writing is a scrawl (“he has
handwriting like crows’ feet”)
4
Tinddu medd y frân wrth y wɥlan the pot calling the kettle black
(“black-arse said the crow to the seagull”)
5 Gwyn y gwêl y frân ei chyw
“(it is) white that the crow sees her chick”
Mothers can never believe that their offspring may be less than honourable and
angelic; a mother believes her child can do no wrong
6 Mae hi’n ddigon oer
i rewi brain It’s freezing
cold (“cold enough to freeze crows” – ‘o turn into ice’ rhew = ice)
(South) Mae hi’n ddigon oer i sythu brain freezing cold (“cold enough to freeze crows” sythu = ‘straighten’ / ‘make rigid’ / ‘stiffen’ / freeze
stiff’ )
:_______________________________.
brandɥ <BRAN-di> [ˡbrandɪ] masculine noun
1 Epenthetic form of ebrandɥ (=
place where fodder is kept )
2 There is a street name Brandɥ in
:_______________________________.
brân dyddɥn, PLURAL: brain tyddɥn <braan-DƏ-dhin, brain-TƏ-dhin> [brɑːn
ˡdəðɪn, braɪn ˡtəðɪn] (feminine noun)
1 carrion crow (“smallholding crow”)
:_______________________________.
brân goesgoch,
PLURAL: brain coesgoch <braan GOIS-kokh, brain-KOIS-kokh> [brɑːn
ˡgɔɪskɔx, braɪn ˡkɔɪskɔx] (feminine noun)
1 chough (“redlegged crow”)
:_______________________________.
Branwen <BRAN-wen> [ˡbranwɛn] (feminine noun)
1 woman's name
2 second of the stories of the Mabinogi
:_______________________________.
..1 bras <BRAAS> [brɑːs] adjective
PLURAL breision
<BREIS-yon> [ˡbrəɪsjɔn]
1 (land) fertile, lush, fat
gwlad fras fertile country
Gwelem yr afon fawr yn dirwɥn drwɥ y dyffrɥn bras
We could see the big river meandering through the lush valley
2
(grassland) lush = luxuriant, abundant
symud i feɥsɥdd brasach move on to more profitable
areas
porféɥdd breision rich pastures, lush pastures, abundant grassland;
figurative meaning - wealthy situation
3
(salary) fat, big, plentiful
Enillent gyflogau breision o'r BBC
They were earning fat salaries from the BBC
4
replete, full
(Apocrypha)
Ecclesiasticus 35:6 Y mae offrwm y duwiol yn gwneuthur yr allor
yn fras, a'i arogl peraidd ef sy gerbron y Goruchaf.
(Apocrypha) Ecclesiasticus 35:6 The
offering of the righteous maketh the altar fat, and the sweet savour thereof is
before the most High.
bras o replete with, full of
I ffwrdd â ni drwɥ ddyffrɥn prydferth Conwɥ - dyffrɥn bras o hanes ein gwlad
Off we went through the beautiful valley of the Conwɥ - a valley replete with
the history of our country
5
bras amcan a rough estimate, an
approximation
ar fras amcan at a rough estimate,
at a rough guess
Bɥdd cost y daith, ar fras amcan, rywle rhwng £800 a £1,000 (wɥth gant o bunnau a mil o bunnau)
The price of the trip will be, at a rough guess, between £800 and £1,000
mesuriadau breision / mesuriadau bras rough dimensions, rough
measurements
braslun rough sketch, draft
syniad bras a rough idea, a
crude idea, an approximate idea, a broad idea
cyfieithiad bras rough
translation
6
(crop) fat
Tes Gorffennaf, ydau brasaf (saying)
heat of July, fat cereal crops
7
(harvest) fat, abundant
cael cynhaeaf bras reap a rich
harvest (also figurative: make oneself rich from some activity)
8
bɥd bras comfortable life
cael bɥd bras lead a comfortable life
9
South-west Wales (people) snooty,
haughty, person full of his / her own importance
Mae e’n un bras He’s full of his own
importance
Mae hi’n un fras She’s full of her
own importance
10
North Wales coarse, vulgar, rank
siarad yn fras talk in a vulgar
manner, speak coarsely, use bad language
geirfa fras coarse vocabulary
siarad bras use of vulgar
expressions
iaith fras coarse language, rude language, swearing
11
rough, broad, non-detailed, general, non-specific
disgrifiad bras rough description
12
yn fras superficially, in broad
outline, in rough detail
Wel dyna hi'r stori'n fras am hen
chwarel y pentra
Well that's the story in rough detail about the old village quarry
13
(powder, flour, gravel, etc) coarse = in larger particles than is usual, not
fine
blawd gwenith wedi ei falu'n fras
wheat flour coarsely milled
tywodɥn bras grain of gravel
graean bras shingle
14
(cloth) coarse, rough = not fine
brethɥn bras coarse cloth
barclod bras apron made of coarse
cloth
15
(wool, brush, etc) coarse = not fine
gwlân bras = coarse wool
brwsh bras = coarse brush
baco bras coarse tobacco
pren bras ei raen coarse-grained
wood
edau fras coarse thread
16
Fishing pysgodɥn bras coarse fish, freshwater fish
which is not a member of the salmon family; pysgota bras coarse fishing
17
obsolete (person, animal) stout, fat;
Found in epithets in medieval Welsh: Adda
Fras Stout Adam
Eseia 11:6 a'r blaidd a drig gyda'r oen,
a'r llewpart a orwedd gyda'r mɥn; y
llo hefɥd, a chenau y llew, a'r anifail bras,
fyddant ynghɥd, a bachgen bychan a'u harwain
Isaiah 11:6 The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall
lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling
together; and a little child shall lead them.
Dafɥdd Fras Fat David (modern Welsh would be Dafɥdd Dew)
18
gogor bras coarse sieve = sieve with
large holes
19
glo bras large coal, coal in big
lumps
20
(meat) fatty, having a lot of fat, not lean
cig bras fatty meat
asen fras rib with a lot of fat
ffrio sleisen o gig moch gwɥn a bras to fry a slice of white fatty
pork
21
(
22
map bras sketch map, rough map,
simplified map
23
as a plural noun (breision) =
fattened animals
Salmau 66:15 Offrymaf i ti boethoffrymau
breision, ynghŷd ag arogl-darth hyrddod; aberthaf ychen a bychod. Sela.
Psalms 66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the
incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
from the same British root: Cornish bras
(= big), Breton bras (= big);
Irish bras (a literary word; =
great, strong; swift) . The Celtic word was related to
Latin grossus (= big)
NOTE: breision (plural form): (bras) + (plural suffix -ion, which causes affection of the
preceding vowel a > ei
:_______________________________.
..2 bras <braas> [brɑːs] (masculine noun)
1 (bird) bunting
bras penddu (Emberiza melanocephela) black-headed bunting
:_______________________________.
brasgamu <bras-KA-mi> [brasˡkamɪ] (verb)
1 stride
:_______________________________.
braslun <BRAS-lin> [ˡbraslɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL brasluniau
<bras-LIN-yai, -ye> [brasˡlɪnjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 outline, sketch, draft, rough plan
2
braslun gyrfa (“sketch (of) career)
curriculum vitae, CV
ETYMOLOGY: (bras = rough, general,
not detailed) + soft mutation + (llun
= picture)
:_______________________________.
brat, PLURAL: bratiau <BRAT, BRAT-yai,
-ye> [ˡbrat,
ˡbratjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 apron
:_______________________________.
brath, PLURAL: brathau <BRAATH,
BRAA-thai, -e> [ˡbrɑːθ,
ˡbrɑˑθaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1 bite
2 gwaeth eich cyfarth na’ch
brath your bark is worse than your
bite; a person’s angry words are worse than any action he may do, a person can
be very angry but he won’t really carry out any threats he makes
(she) gwaeth ei chyfarth na’i brath
(he) gwaeth ei gyfarth na’i frath
(gwaeth = worse) + (eich = your) + (cyfarth = bark) + (na
= than) + (eich) + (brath = bite)
:_______________________________.
brathu <BRAA-thi> [ˡbrɑˑθɪ] (verb)
1 to bite
2
Cas gan
(“(it is) hateful with a cat the dog which may bite it”)
:_______________________________.
brau <BRAI> [braɪ] (adjective)
1 brittle
2 helygen frau
(helɥg
brau) (Salix fragilis
var fragilis)
crack willow or brittle willow
:_______________________________.
braw <BRAU> [braʊ] (masculine noun)
1 shock, fright
Daeth
arnynt fraw disymwyth A sudden
fright took them (“it-came on them a-fright sudden”).
:_______________________________.
brawd, PLURAL: brodɥr <BRAUD, BROO-dir> [braʊd, ˡbroˑdɪr] (masculine noun)
1 brother
2
Frodɥr! Brothers! soft mutation of brodɥr; This mutation indicates a vocative
use
Philipiaid 4:8 Yn ddiwethaf, frodyr, pa bethau bynnag sydd wir, pa bethau bynnag
sydd onest, pa bethau bynnag sydd gyfiawn, pa bethau bynnag sydd bur, pa bethau
bynnag sydd hawddgar, pa bethau bynnag sydd ganmoladwy, od oes un rhinwedd, ac
od oes dim clod, meddyliwch am y pethau hyn.
Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true,
whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are
pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if
there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.
:_______________________________.
brawd, PLURAL: brodiau <BRAUD, BROD-yai, -ye> [ˡbraʊd, ˡbrɔdjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1 (obsolete) judgement, verdict
Dydd Brawd Judgement Day
hyd Ddydd Brawd until Judgement Day
2
cymrodedd compromise, agreement
cymrodedd < *cymrawdedd < *cymfrawdedd
(cym- = together) + soft mutation +
(brawd = judgement, verdict) + (-edd suffix for forming abstract nouns)
3
difrod (modern Welsh) damage,
destruction; (obsolete meaning) neglect of law, contempt of law;
difrod < difrawd (di- prefix =
without) + soft mutation + (brawd =
judgement, verdict)
:_______________________________.
bratiaith ‹BRAT-yaith› [ˡbratjaɪθ]
feminine noun
1 debased language; shoddy
Welsh
y fratiaith = the debased language
ETYMOLOGY: “language (of) rag(s)”, i.e. “tattered language” (brat = rag)
+ (-iaith = language). Expression from the nineteenth century
:_______________________________.
bratiog <BRAT-YOG> [ˡbratjɔg] adjective
1 tattered, raggèd, scrappy, shoddy
2 imperfect, broken
mewn Cymraeg bratiog in broken Welsh
Roedd yn gallu siarad tipɥn o Saesneg bratiog He could speak a bit of broken English
ETYMOLOGY: (brat = rag) + (-iog, suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
brawddeg, PLURAL: brawddegau <BRAU-dheg,
brau-DHEE-ge> [ˡbraʊðɛg,
braʊˡðeˑgaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 sentence
y frawddeg = the sentence
:_______________________________.
brawychiaeth
<brau-ƏKH-yaith, -yeth> [braʊˡəxjaɪθ, -ɛθ] f
1
terrorism
gwrthfrawychiaeth antiterrorism
ETYMOLOGY: (brawych- stem of brawychu = terrorise) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
brawychu <brau-Ə-khi> [braʊˡəxɪ]
(verb with an object)
1
frighten, terrify
2
terrorise
ETYMOLOGY: (braw = fright, terror) +
(-ychu suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Brdd.
1 abbreviation = Barddoniaeth (= poetry)
:_______________________________.
bre <BREE> [breː] (masculine noun)
1 hill, promontory
2
as an element in place names:
Heulfre (House name or street name)
sunny hill
(heul, tonic syllable form of haul) + soft mutation + (bre = hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfre)
Moelfre (common hill name) bare hill
(moel = bare, denuded) + soft mutation + (bre = hill)
:_______________________________.
..1 brech
<BREEKH> [breːx] adjective
1 feminine form brɥch (= speckled, spotted).
Usually after a feminine noun, and so it becomes frech (there is soft
mutation of the initial consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine
singular noun)
tylluan frech (Strix aluco) tawny owl
)
:_______________________________.
..2 brech, PLURAL: brechau <BREEKH,
BREE-khai, -khe> [ˡbreːx,
ˡbreˑxaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1 pox
y frech = the pox
2 brech goch <breekh GOOKH> [breːx ˡgoːx] y frech goch =
measles (“red pox”)
3 brech y cŵn <breekh ə KUUN> [breːx ə ˡkuːn] the mange (“pox of the dogs”)
:_______________________________.
brechdan <BREKH-dan> [ˡbrɛxdan] feminine noun
PLURAL brechdanau
<brekh-DAA-nai, -ne> [brɛxˡdɑˑnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 slice of bread and butter, (
y frechdan = the slice of bread and
butter
2
sandwich = two slices of bread spread with butter or margarine with a filling
(eg jam, cheese, meat paste, lettuce and tomato, pickle, etc)
3
sandwich defined by its contents:
brechdan doddion bread and dripping
(“sandwich (of) dripping”)
brechdan fawd slice of bread with
butter spread on it with the thumb (“sandwich (of) thumb”)
brechdan gaws cheese sandwich
brechdan gig meat sandwich
brechdan jam bread and jam (bread
and butter with jam)
brechdan linsi two slices of
different bread (made of different grains) put together to make a sandwich
(“sandwich (of) linsey, linen warp with a wool or cotton filling ”)
brechdan surep syrup sandwich
brechdan wen buttered slice of white
bread
2 (
(
(
Mae o am ddangos ma fo ydi'r mistar yn
lle bod yn rhyw frechdan o beth fel Mr. Wyn, na feiddia fo ddangos i winadd i
neb."
He wants to show that HE’s boss instead of being a spineless old thing like
Mr. Wyn, who wouldn’t challenge anybody (“show his claws to anybody”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Old
Irish brechtán (= bread with butter)
NOTE: also (
:_______________________________.
brechdan agored
<BREKH-dan a-GOO-red> [ˡbrɛxdan aˡgoˑrɛd] (feminine noun)
1 open sandwich
:_______________________________.
brechdan gig
<BREKH-dan GIIG> [ˡbrɛxdanˡ giːg] (feminine noun)
1 meat sandwich
:_______________________________.
brechiad, PLURAL: brechiadau <BREKH-yad,
brekh-YAA-dai, -de> [ˡbrɛxjad,brɛxˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine noun)
1 immunisation jab, inoculation
:_______________________________.
brechlɥn <BREKH-lin> [ˡbrɛxlɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL brechlynnau
<brekh-LƏ-ne> [brɛxˡlənaɪ, -ɛ] 1 vaccine
brechlɥn geneuol oral vaccine
brechlɥn i’w lyncu oral vaccine (“for its swallowing”, to be swallowed)
brechlɥn trwɥ’r geg oral vaccine (“through the
mouth”)
brechlɥn triphlɥg triple vaccine
ETYMOLOGY: (brech = pox, smallpox )
+ soft mutation + ( llɥn = liquid)
:_______________________________.
brechu <BREE-khi> [ˡbreˑxɪ] (verb)
1 inoculate, vaccinate
brechu rhàg difftheria inoculate against diptheria
:_______________________________.
brecwast <BREC-wast> [ˡbrɛcwast] masculine noun
PLURAL <brek-WA-stai, e> [brɛkˡwastaɪ, -ɛ]
1 breakfast
2
brecwast Ffrengig continental
breakfast (“French breakfast”)
3
gwelɥ a brecwast bed and breakfast
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brecwast is from
English breakfast
“the occasion of breaking one’s overnight fast”
(to break) + (fast = time without food).
There are two possible explanations for the “w”.
(1) One is that it occurred in an English form taken into Welsh. This would seem to be more likely.
BREAKWAST, the common form of breakfast. (Parochial Account
of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 231 Collections
Historical and Archeological Relating to
Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
(2) The other is that the change to “w” occurred in Welsh,
with the English dialect form breakvast
/ brekvast > Welsh *brecfast
<BREK-vast> [ˡbrɛkvast] > brecwast. The consonant (<w> [v] replaces the consonant <v> [v], a change seen to occur in other words in Welsh – for
example, efallai, ’fallai (= perhaps) > south-eastern walla, wylla
Examples in English of breakvast:
..a/ Observations on
some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of
words now in use there; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect.
by James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution,
“The words nouth, knoweth; zin, sun; vrast, frost; die, day; Zalhardie,
Saturday; Zindei, Sunday, and a few others, indicate an origin West of the
Parret. There are, however, many words which with a trifling alteration in the
orthography, would suit, at the present time, the north-eastern portion of the
county; such are blauther, bladder, brekvast, breakfast; crwest, crust; smill, smell;”
..b/ Duplicity; Comedy, in five Acts. As performed at the Theatre-Royal,
Covent-Garden. T. Thomas Holcroft. (1811.
(Squire Turnbull and his daughter
speak in a south-western English manner, probably Somerset)
Sq[uire Turnbull]. How does thee like
Miss Turn[bull]. I knaw not It do zeem a strange place.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. A strange place!
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees—I do think it be.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Thee dost?
Miss Turn[bull]. Ees.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. An' zo do I—whereby, dost zee, I'll get out n't as
vast as I can—a pretty chace, as the man zaid that rode vifty miles a'ter a
wild goose.—
Miss Turn[bull]. Neea, zure—you wun't go zo zoon.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Wun't I ?—an' I stay in this town to-night, I'll eat
it vor breakvast
tomorrow.
:_______________________________.
brefu <BREE-vi> [ˡbreˑvɪ] (verb)
1 (cow) to low, to moo
2 (goat) to bleat
See the place name Llanddewi Brefi
:_______________________________.
breichiau <BREIKH-yai, -ye> [ˡbrəɪxjaɪ, -ɛ] (pl)
1 arms; see braich
:_______________________________.
breichled, PLURAL: breichledau <BREIKH-led,
breikh-LEE-dai, -de> [ˡbrəɪxlɛd,
brəɪxˡleˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1 bracelet
y freichled = the bracelet
breichled jad jade bracelet
:_______________________________.
Breiddin <BREI-dhin> [ˡbrəɪðɪn] (feminine noun)
1 hill in north-east
:_______________________________.
breinlen <BREIN-len> [ˡbrəɪnlɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL breinlenni
<brein-LE-ni> [brəɪnˡlɛnɪ]
1 charter = a document issued by the state for the incorporation of
a business (such as a bank), a city, a university, etc and which specifies its
characteristics, its purpose, and its rights
y freinlen = the charter
2
charter = fundamental principles of an organisation
Breinlen y Cenhedloedd Unedig The
United Nations Charter
3
Y Freinlen Fawr Magna Carta - the
'great charter' that the English barons obliged King John of England to sign in
1215 at Runnymede setting out the rights of barons, the church, and freemen
breinlen fawr magna carta = any law
establishing fundamental rights
4
gazette
Y Freinlen Gymroaidd (“The Cambrian
Gazette”) name of a paper printed in Aberystwɥth in 1836
ETYMOLOGY: (brein- stem of breinio = to grant a privilege) + soft
mutation + (llen = cloth, document)
:_______________________________.
breinryddid <brein-RƏ-dhid> [brəɪnˡrəðɪd] masculine noun
1 immunity = a privilege which grants immunity to a person
breinryddid diplomyddol diplomatic
immunity
ETYMOLOGY: (brein- stem of breinio = to grant a privilege) + soft
mutation + (rhyddid = freedom,
liberty)
:_______________________________.
breintiedig <brein-ti-EE-dig> [brəɪntɪˡeˑdɪg] adjective
1 privileged
lleiafrif bach breintiedig a small
privileged minority
ETYMOLOGY: (breint-i- = stem of breintio = to favour) + (-edig past participle suffix, passive)
:_______________________________.
breision <BREI-shon> [ˡbrəɪʃɔn] adjective
1 plural form of bras (=
abundant, fat)
2
as a plural noun, = fattened animals
Salmau 66:15 Offrymaf i ti boethoffrymau
breision, ynghyd ag arogl-darth hyrddod; aberthaf ychen a bychod. Sela.
Psalms 66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the
incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: (bras = abundant, fat) +
(plural suffix -ion, which causes
affection of the preceding vowel a
> ei
:_______________________________.
brenhinbren <bren-HIN-bren> [brɛnˡhɪnbrɛn] masculine noun
PLURAL breninbrennau
<bre-nin-BRE-nai, -e> [brɛnɪnˡbrɛnaɪ, -ɛ]
1 “king-tree, the tree which is king”
brenhinbren y goedwig the king of
the forest, the tree which is king of the forest, the oak
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penult form of brenin = king) + soft mutation + (pren= tree)
:_______________________________.
brenhindɥ <bren-HIN-di> [brɛnˡhɪndɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL brenhindai
<bren-HIN-dai> [brɛnˡhɪndaɪ]
1 royal house, palace
Daniel
Daniel
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penult form of brenin = king) + soft mutation + (tŷ = house)
:_______________________________.
brenhines, PLURAL: breninesau ‹bre NHI nes,
bre ni NE se› (feminine noun)
1 queen
y frenhines = the queen
:_______________________________.
brenhinllɥs ‹bre-nhin-lhis› feminine
noun
1 (Bible) palace
Daniel 8:2 Gwelais hefyd mewn
gweledigaeth, (a bu pan welais, mai yn Susan y brenhinllys, yr hwn sydd o fewn
talaith
Daniel 8:2 And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was
at Shushan in the palace, which is in the
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penultform of brenin = king) + soft mutaiton + (llɥs = court) > *brenhín-lɥs > brenhinllɥs
:_______________________________.
brenhinol ‹bre NHI nol› (adjective)
1 royal
2
llynges frenhinol royal navy
:_______________________________.
brenin, PLURAL: brenhinoedd ‹BRE nin, bre
NHI nodh› (masculine noun)
1 king
2 brenin yr anifeiliaid
the king of beasts, the king of the animals, the lion
:_______________________________.
breniniaethwr
‹bre-nin- yei -thur› m
masculine noun
PLURAL breniniaethwɥr ‹bre-nin- yeith -wir›
1 royalist = supporter of the monarchy as a political system
ETYMOLOGY: (breniniaeth-, < brenhiniaeth = monarchy) + (-wr suffix = 'man')
:_______________________________.
1 breast
y frest = the breast
:_______________________________.
bresychen, PLURAL: bresɥch ‹bre SƏ khen, BRE sikh› (feminine noun)
1 cabbage
y fresychen = the cabbage
:_______________________________.
brethɥn ‹BRE thin› (masculine noun)
1 cloth
:_______________________________.
brethɥn cartref ‹bre thin KAR tre› (masculine noun)
1 homespun cloth
:_______________________________.
breuddwɥd, PLURAL: breuddwɥdion <BREI-dhuid, brei-DHUID-yon> [ˡbrəɪðʊɪd,
brəɪˡðʊɪdjɔn] (feminine
noun)
1 dream
y freuddwɥd the dream
:_______________________________.
breuddwɥd gwrach <brei-dhuid GWRAAKH> [brəɪðʊɪd ˡgwrɑːx] (feminine noun)
1 wishful thinking ('dream of a witch')
From the fuller phrase
Breuddwyd gwrach yn ôl ei hewyllwys
= wishful thinking “(the) dream (of) (a) witch according-to her will”
Ai breuddwyd gwrach neu nod
realistig yw hyn? Is this wishful
thinking or a realistic goal?
:_______________________________.
Breuddwɥd Macsen Wledig
‹BREI dhuid MAK sen WLE dig› (masculine noun)
1 The Dream of Macsen Wledig (from the Tales of the Mabinogi)
:_______________________________.
Breuddwɥd Rhonabwɥ ‹BREI dhuid rho NA
bui› (masculine noun)
1 The Dream of Rhonabwy (from the Tales of the Mabinogi)
:_______________________________.
breuddwɥdio ‹brei DHUID yo› (verb)
1 to dream
breuddwɥdio am fod
yn feddyg dreaming
about being a doctor
Freuddwydiais i erioed y byddwn
ryw ddydd yn aelod o’r Orsedd I never dreamt that one day I’d be a member
of the Gorsedd
:_______________________________.
breuddwɥdiwr, PLURAL: breuddwɥdwɥr ‹brei DHUID yur, brei
DHUID wir› (masculine noun)
1 dreamer
:_______________________________.
breweddu ‹brə- wê -dhi› verb
1 (
:_______________________________.
bri ‹BRII› (masculine noun)
1 renown
2 Compare
difrifol (= serious) < (difrif = seriousness) + (-ol suffix)
mewn difrif in all seriousness (“in
+ seriousness”)
The word difrif is from difri, which formerly meant “dishonor / dishonour”.
(di = privative prefix, ‘without’) +
soft mutation + (bri = honor /
honour )
1) The final f is a later addition.
Most likely this is under the influence of many polysyllabic words with final ‹v› -f which is
lost colloquially. This -f is
retained however in the written language
Examples: cynta’ (= first), ola’ (= last), bydda’ (= I shall be), written in standard Welsh as cyntaf, olaf, byddaf
There are a couple of other words in Welsh with an inorganic f - these are
1/ hunllef (= nightmare),
2/ hɥf (= insolent)
These are more correctly hunlle, hɥ.
As with difri,
the -f has been ‘restored’ though in
fact it was never there in the first place..
Difri has equivalents in the two
other British languages: Cornish deffri
(= indeed), Breton devri (=
seriously)
:_______________________________.
Briafael ‹bri-a-vel› masculine noun
1 (obsolete) man's name
2 name of a Welsh evangelist or “saint” of the early Church.
3 *Llanfriafael (not attested, thus not genuine)
A likely Welsh form of the place name St. Briavels
(Gloucestershire) SS5504
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/521396
map
(delwedd 7495)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Briáfael < *Briafáil < *Brigho-vaghl < British *Brigo-magl-os,
as in modern Welsh bri (= respect,
esteem), corresponding to Irish brí
(= strength, valour); and the element mael
found in various male forenames (= great man, leader, chief), related to Latin magnus (= great)
NOTE: The short form of Briáfael is Brïog (first syllable Bri-, + diminutive suffix -og).
Briog occurs in Breton as Brieug
From this is derived Tyfrïog (ty- = your, ‘thy’, used in older Welsh
as a prefix to form hypochoristics) + (Brïog).
Tyfrïog occurs in the the place name
Llandyfrïog.
:_______________________________.
briallen ‹bri-a-lhen› feminine noun
PLURAL briallu
‹bri-a-lhi›
1 (Primula vulgaris) cowslip
y friallen = the cowslip
2
Maesbriallu (“field (of) primroses”,
primrose field)
Street name in
..a/ Caerffili (“Maes Briallu”)
..b/ Llansamlet,
ETYMOLOGY: (unknown)
NOTE: (
:_______________________________.
bric ‹brik› masculine noun
PLURAL brics, briciau ‹briks,
brik-ye›
1 brick
2
clai brics (masculine noun), brick
clay = clay for making bricks, containing clay and iron
3
gosod brics bricklaying (“laying
(of) bricks”)
4
ffwrn frics (feminine noun), plural ffyrnau brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
5
gwaith brics (masculine noun), plural
gweithiau brics
brickworks, a place for making bricks (“work / factory {of} bricks”)
6
odɥn frics (feminine noun), plural odynau brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
7
tŷ brics (masculine noun), plural
tai brics brick house, a house made
of bricks
wal frics (feminine noun), plural waliau
brics or welydd brics brick
wall, a wall made of bricks
ETYMOLOGY: from English brick <
French brique, from a Germanic word
related to English to break
:_______________________________.
bric-a-brac ‹brik -a-brak› masculine noun
1 bric-a-brac = small objects collected as ornaments, or for their
antiquarian character, or for sentimental reasons
Daeth i mewn â bocs llawn bric-a-brac o`r atig
She came in with a box full of bric-a-brac from the attic
ETYMOLOGY: from English bric-a-brac
< French bric à brac “at random”
:_______________________________.
bricét ‹bri -ket› masculine noun
PLURAL bricets
‹bri -kets›
1 briquette = type of fuel, small block of compressed coal dust
ETYMOLOGY: from English briquette
< French briquette
:_______________________________.
brici ‹bri -ki› masculine noun
PLURAL bricis
‹bri -kis›
1 colloquial, Englishism brickie, bricklayer (standard
Welsh = briciwr)
ETYMOLOGY: from English brickie,
diminutive form of bricklayer
:_______________________________.
bricio ‹brik -yo› verb with
an object
1 to brick = face with bricks (e.g. concrete wall)
2
to brick = line with bricks (e.g. kiln)
3
to brick up = fill with bricks; bricio
ffenestr = to brick up a window
ETYMOLOGY: (bric = brick) + (-io)
NOTE: In South Wales the usual form is brico
(In the South -o generally replaces
final -io)
:_______________________________.
bricsen, PLURAL: brics ‹BRIK sen, BRIKS›
(feminine noun)
1 brick
y fricsen = the brick
:_______________________________.
Bríd ‹briid› feminine noun
1 Irish goddess of fire, fertility, agriculture
2
The second patron saint of
:_______________________________.
brifo ‹BRI vo› (verb)
1 to hurt
:_______________________________.
brig, PLURAL: brigau ‹BRIIG, BRI ge›
(masculine noun)
1 top
2
ar frig ton on the crest of a wave
ar frig y don on the crest of the
wave
glo brig (“top coal”) surface coal
gwaith glo brig (“(a) work (of) surface coal”) open-cast coal mine,
(USA: strip mine, open pit mine)
2 brigog (adj) (qv - quod vidē
- which see) branchy
:_______________________________.
brigâd ‹bri-gaad› feminine noun
PLURAL brigadau
‹bri-gâ-de›
1 brigade = troops (such as a group of regiments) under a general
officer
y frigâd = the brigade
2
brigade = group of people organised for a specific task
brigâd dân fire brigade = squad of
firemen
ETYMOLOGY: brigâd < English brigade < French < Old Italian brigata (= troops) < brigare (= to fight)
:_______________________________.
brigâd dân ‹bri-gaad daan› feminine noun
PLURAL brigadau
tân ‹bri-gâ-de taan›
1 brigâd dân (Englandic:
fire brigade) = a squad of firemen
ETYMOLOGY: translation of Englandic ‘fire brigade’; (brigâd = brigade) + soft mutation + (tân = fire)
:_______________________________.
brigadɥdd ‹bri-gâ-didh› masculine noun
PLURAL brigadwɥr ‹bri-gad-wir›
1 (American: brigadier general) (Englandic: brigadier = (a) rank
between colonel and major general; (b) general officer who commands a brigade)
ETYMOLOGY: (brigâd = brigade) + (-ɥdd = suffix to indicate a person)
:_______________________________.
brigdrawst ‹brig -draust› m
PLURAL brigdrawstiau
‹brig- draust -ye›
1 catwalk, walkway; = pathway high above a stage, or connecting
buildings across a street
2
catwalk = platform along which models walk in a fashion show
Bu sêr rygbi Cymru yn cerdded y
brigdrawst yn sioe ffasiwn Tenovus yn Llanelli yn ystod yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol
The stars of Welsh rugby walked along the catwalk in the Tenovus fashion show
in the National Eisteddfod in Llanelli
ETYMOLOGY: ‘top beam’ (brig = top) +
soft mutation + (trawst = beam)
:_______________________________.
brigog ‹BRII-gog› (adj)
1 branchy, spreading
Salmau 37:35 Gwelais yr annuwiol yn gadarn, ac yn frigog fel y llawryf
gwyrdd.
Psalms 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like
a green bay tree.
o dan y gastanwydden frigog under the spreading chestnut tree
(Y) Prenbrigog SJ2664 “(the) spreading tree” name of a farm at Bwcle, Y
Fflint
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2664
2 (cereal) bearing many ears
3 (cattle) horned
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = topmost branches,
tree top) + (-og adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
brigwellt ‹brig-welht› m
PLURAL brigwelltydd
‹brig-WE-tidh›
1 hair grass
Brigwellt-y-coed farm name “(the) hair grass (by) the wood”
(Nant-y-caws, Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/208944
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = top,
crest) + soft mutation + (gwellt =
grass)
:_______________________________.
brigwɥn ‹brig -win› adjective
1 (wave) white-crested, white-topped
tonnau brigwɥn white-crested waves
Eifion Wyn – Telynegion Maes a Môr
Heibio'r greiglan dacw hi
Yn diflannu yn yr ewyn --
Clywais fref, a chlywais gri,
A bu'r don yn fwyfwy brigwyn.
Past the cliff there it is (here the
poem refers to a lamb which has fallen into the sea)
Disappearing in the foam
I heard a bleat, I heard a cry
And the sea was more and more white-crested
Yr Haul, 1807 uwch berw brigwyn y tônau
(= tonnau) above the white-crested
turmoil of the waves
Trysorfa y Plant 1827 ar y tônau (= tonnau) brigwyn on
the-crested waves
2
(beer) white-topped, with a white head, with foam on top
3
white-haired (from age)
4
(masculine noun) (North Wales) surf on a rough sea
Brigwyn – house name in Pen-y-bryn, Nefyn, county of Gwynedd
5
(masculine noun) (North Wales) a type of white mountain moss
Mae
hanner ddeheuol y
safle yn wlyb ac yn gorsiog, gyda hesg, brwyn a brigwyn.
The southern half of the site is wet and boggy, with sedge, rushes and
“brigwyn” moss
ETYMOLOGY: (brig = top, crest) +
soft mutation + (gwɥn = white)
:_______________________________.
brigɥn, PLURAL: brigau ‹BRI gin, BRI ge›
(masculine noun)
1 twig
Bydd y dail wedi’u trefnu bob yn ail ar y brigyn
The leaves are arranged alternately on the twig
:_______________________________.
brith ‹BRIITH› (adjective)
1 speckled
bara brith (“speckled bread”) Welsh spicy currant loaf
2
in names of certain birds
cnocell fraith fwɥaf (Dendrocopos major) lesser spotted
woodpecker
cnocell fraith leiaf (Dendrocopos
minor) lesser spotted woodpecker
:_______________________________.
brithdir ‹brith -dir› masculine noun
PLURAL brithdiroedd ‹brith- di -rodh›
1
land of uneven quality / medium quality / average quality; land with mixed
soils
2
clayey soil
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = mixed) + soft
mutation + (tir= land)
It is found as a place name thoughout Wales - see below
See below Brithdir i fuwch a
chrasdir i ddafad.
See in the rest of the dictionary Gwaelodybrithdir
:_______________________________.
Y Brithdir
‹ə brith -dir› -
1 SO1401farm and locality in Tredegar Newɥdd (in
the Rhymni valley,
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1401
map
2
SJ1902 lmansion near Llanfyllin in
the district of Trefaldwɥn
(
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1902
map
3
SH7718 locality near Dolgellau in the
district of Meirionnɥdd
(
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/450666
map
:_______________________________.
Brithdir ac Islaw'r-dref
‹brith-dir aag is laur dreev› -
1 SH7717 parish near
Dolgellau in the district of Meirionnɥdd (county of Gwɥnedd);
population 1961: 878; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 69%
ETYMOLOGY: (brithdir = mixed land) +
(ac = and, form of a used before a vowel) + (islaw'r dref = below the trêv)
:_______________________________.
Brithdir i fuwch
a chrasdir i ddafad ‹brith-dir i viukh a khras-dir i
dhâ-vad›
1 (a saying) 'wettish clayey soil for a cow, and dry soil for a
sheep'
Walter Davies / General
View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales / 1814:
Brithdir, such as the clayey soils of the flag-lias tract, are very productive
of cheese and butter; ‘brithdir i fuwch a
chrasdir i ddafad’, i.e. a rushy, strong soil for the cow, and a sharp dry
soil for the ewe
ETYMOLOGY: (brithdir = mixed land),
(buwch = cow), (crasdir = parched land), (dafad
= sheep)
:_______________________________.
brithedd ‹brî -thedh› masculine noun
1 speckledness
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled, mixed)
+ (-edd suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________.
brithfelɥn ‹brith- ve -lin› adjective
1 (horse) dapple bay
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled,
dappled) + soft mutation + (melɥn = yellow)
:_______________________________.
brithlas ‹brith -las› adjective
1 dapple-grey; with a grey skin marked with irregular spots
caseg frithlas = dapple-grey mare
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = dappled) + soft
mutation + (glas = grey / blue /
green)
:_______________________________.
brithlaw ‹brith -lau› masculine noun
1 drizzle
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (glaw = rain)
:_______________________________.
brithlen ‹brith -len› feminine noun
PLURAL brithlenni
‹brith-le-ni›
1 (A literary word) tapestry
(normally tápestri masculine noun)
y frithlen = the
tapestry
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (llen = cloth)
:_______________________________.
brithliw ‹brith -liu› adjective
1 variegated, motley; (
Yr oedd ganddo farf laes, frithliw
he had a long white-flecked beard
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (lliw = color / colour)
:_______________________________.
brithwaith <BRITH-waith> [ˡbrɪθwaɪθ] masculine noun
PLURAL brithweithiau
<brith-WEITH-yai, -e> [brɪθˡwəɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ]
also: mosäig masculine noun
1
mosaic = design made up of inlaid pieces of coloured glass or stone
ETYMOLOGY: (brith = speckled) + soft
mutation + (gwaith = work)
:_______________________________.
brithweithio
<brith-WEITH-yo> [brɪθˡwəɪθjɔ] verb
1 tessellate, make a mosaic
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-io = verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.
brithweithiol
<brith-WEITH-yol> [brɪθˡwəɪθjɔl] adjective
1 made with or from mosaic
llawr brithweithiol mosaic floor
2
mosaic = resembling a mosaic
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-iol = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________.
brithweithiwr
<brith-WEITH-yur> [brɪθˡwəɪθjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL brithweithwɥr <brith-WEITH-wir> [brɪθˡwəɪθwɪr]
1 mosaicist, person who makes mosaics
ETYMOLOGY: (brithwaith = mosaic) + (-i-wr = suffix for forming nouns to
indcate an agebt, 'man')
:_______________________________.
brithɥll, PLURAL