kimkat1020e A Welsh to English Dictionary in scroll-down format. Geiriadur Cymraeg a Saesneg ar fformat sgrolio-i-lawr.

12-10-2020

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0003g_delw_baneri_cymru_catalonia_050111
 (delwedd 0003)

 

 

 

 

 

Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
El Web de Gal
·les i Catalunya
The Wales-Catalonia Website

Y Gwe-eiriadur
An Internet dictionary of Welsh for speakers of English

D

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a-7000_kimkat1356k
Beth sy’n newydd?


 

A close up of text on a white background

Description automatically generated(delwedd 4666)

...

 

 

 A
 

 AR

 B

 BR

 C

 CE

 CI

 

 CR
 

 CY

 D

 DI

 E

 F

bbb7000_kimkat1021e_G G

 

 GW
 

 GWI

 H

 I, J, K

 L

 M

 MI

 

 N
 

 O

 P

 PL, Q

 R

 S

 T

 

 TR
 

 U, V

 W, X

 Y, Z      

 

 

 

 


D, d <DII> [diː] feminine noun

1 ) fourth letter of the twenty-six letter Roman alphabet
...1
a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e, 6 f, 7 g, 8 h, 9 i, 10 j, 11 k, 12 l, 13 m, 14 n, 15 o, 16 p, 17 q, 18 r, 19 s, 20 t, 21 u, 22 v, 23 w, 24 x, 25 y, 26 z

2
) fifth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1
a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

:_______________________________.

d
1
intrusive d:
In some words in the colloquial language, in the sequence n+r, a d inserts itself.

Cf similar examples in other languages:

(a) Catalan divendres (= Friday) < die’-ven’ris < dies veneris (day of Venus),
Also in French vendredi (= Friday) < Latin ven’ris dies < veneris dies (day of Venus) (i.e. the same Latin expression but in reverse)

(b) Catalan tendre (= tender) < Latin tener;
French tendre (= tender) < Latin tener

IN WELSH:

(1) ANRAS

(an = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gras = grace) > an ras anras (obsolete, = devil, demon) > andras > andros (with a change in the final vowel).

In modern Welsh, andros is used in the North, meaning ‘great’ (andros o ffwl = great idiot) or intensifying an interrogative (pam andros...? = why the hell...?)

(2) EWINREW

ewinrew (= numbness in fingers from the cold) > windrew (ewin = fingernails) + soft mutation + (rhew = ice)

(3) CEFNRAFF

cefnraff (= backband of a horse’s harness) > cenraff > cendraff (cefn = back) + soft mutation + (rhaff = rope)

(4) CEFNROS

cefnros (cefn = back, hill) + soft mutation + (rhos + moorland, upland) > cenros > cendros > Y Gendros (place name, county of Abertawe)

(5) CYNRON

cynron (= maggots) is colloquially in
South Wales cyndron, cindron; cynrhoni (= be infested with maggots) cyndroni, cindroni

(6) HENRYD
 (hen = old) + soft mutation + (rhyd = ford) > hen ryd Henryd > Hendryd (place name) (“old ford”) > Hendryd (Pentre-bach, Ceredigion)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/503005

(7) HENRI

Henri (man’s name = Henry) > Hendri

(8) GLANRHYMNI

According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), Glanrhymni (locally Lanrymni) was also called Landrymni, though it is not clear if it was so called in Welsh or if it is a variant which developed among English speakers.

Nowadays the place is a suburb of Caer-dydd, known as Llanrhymni, with an erroneous llan (= church) having replaced glan / lan (= riverbank).

John Hobson Mathews: “Lanrumney, recte Glanrhymny (the bank of the Rhymny.)
A manor in the parishes of Rumney and Saint Mellon in Monmouthshire, and Llanedern, Glamorgan (1653) It is also called the manor of "Wentloog alias Keynsham." Lanrumney (often sounded Landrumney) is also the name of the mansion, which is on the river’s bank in the parish of Saint Mellon”

In this same context (n-r), the intrusive consonant th also occurs <th> [
θ]

Penrhyn (qv) (name of various farms) < Penrhyn;

cynthron (= maggots) < cynron,
cynthroni (= be infested with maggots) < cynrhoni

 

2 d < t
A final ‘d’ in certain loans from English corresponds to a final “t” in the original English word
ased (= asset)

barcud (= red kite) (Old Welsh bargh + Old English kit-)
bwced (= bucket)
bwled (= bullet)
concrid (= concrete)
criced (sport) (= cricket)
curad (= curate)
paced (= packet)
piced (= picket)
poced (= pocket)
roced (= rocket)
siaced
(= jacket)

stryd (=street)
ticed (= ticket)
wiced (= wicket (in cricket)

Cf g < c in borrowings from English, at the end of a word

clog = English cloak

3 d < dd

In some words, a final dd becomes d

athrod (= slanderous remark) < *athrawd < *athrawdd
(athr- = prefix) + soft mutation + (rhawdd- speaking)

gweirglodd (= hay meadow) > (South Wales) gwerlod
[ˡgwɛrlɔd], gwrglod [ˡgʊrglɔd], gwrlod [ˡgʊrlɔd], gwyrlod [ˡgwərlɔd], gwyrlad [ˡgwərlad]

machlud (= (sun) to set) < ymachlud < ymachludd
(ym-, reflexive prefix) + (achludd).
The element achludd < British < Latin occlûdere = to close, (ob- intensifying prefix) + (claudere = to close)

 
In some words, dd afer an n becomes d

n-dd > n-d
(An example of calediad – the cancelling of a soft mutation)

Examples of n-dd > n-d are

..a/ cynddeiriog (raging mad) > cyndeiriog (a common colloquial form)

..b/ cynddrwg (= so bad, as bad) > cyndrwg (South Wales)

..c/ iawndda
(= excellent) > iawnda, iownda (South-east Wales)

..d/ Ieuan Ddu (= black-haired Ieuan) > Ieuan Du

..e/ Llanddwyn (village name, Ynys Môn) > Llandwyn (a varant form)

..f/
Llanymddyfri > Llan’ddyfri > Llan’dyfri (town in the county of Caerfyrddin, from which form the English give the town the name Llandovery)

5 d + soft mutation + d
>
d-dd
> t


Examples with the suffix –dyn (= man)
-d + dyn 
> -d-ddyn
> -tyn

a.. cardotyn (= beggar) < “cardod-ddyn” < (cardod = charity, alms) + (-ddyn)

b.. diniweityn (= a naïve man, an innocent) < “diniwéid-ddyn” < (diniwed = (adj) innocent, naïve) + (-ddyn)

c.. diotyn (= a drunk) < “diód-ddyn” (diod = drink) + (-ddyn)

d.. tlotyn (= poor man, pauper) < “tlód-ddyn” < “tláwd-ddyn”  (tlawd = (adj) poor) + (-ddyn)

e.. ynfytyn (= madman) < “ynfýd-ddyn” (ynfyd = (adj) mad) + (-ddyn)

Certain verbs:

-d + -ha (suffix to form verbs from nouns)
> -ta

cardod (= charity, alms) > *cardod-ha > cardota (= beg for alms)

diod (= drink) > *diod-ha > diota (= to drink alcoholic drinks; be in the habit of drinking too much alcohol)

pysgod (= fish) > *pysgod-ha > pysgota (= to fish)

:_______________________________.

d
1 initial
<d>
[d] in Welsh > English <t> [t]
..a/ Dafydd (= David) > English “Taffy”
..b/ Dinbych y Pysgod (name of a town) > English “Tenby”
..c/ Dintarn Tintern (name of an abbey)

The reason may be that the ‘d’ was heavily aspirated, and the voicing of the consonant was not as distinctive; as a result it was understood as a ‘t’ by English speakers

:_______________________________.

da (1a) <DAA>
[dɑː] (adjective)
1
good
da chi <DAA-khi>
[ˡdɑˑxɪ] (phrase) for God’s sake
mae’n dda gennyf <main DHAA GE-ni>
[maɪn ˡðɑː ˡgɛnɪ] (phrase) I’m glad
da i ddim good for nothing, useless

2
a da iawn hynny
and thank God for that (“and very good that”)

3
ddaw e ddim i ddiwedd da (said of someone whose behaviour is bad) he’ll come to a bad end (“he won’t come to a good end”) (= ni ddaw e... in spoken Welsh, the negative particle ni is omitted; any sot mutation is retained, and the the negative particle ddim is added)

4
nid oes da heb beth drwg ynddo
(“there is no good without some bad in it”)
good is not always perfectly good

5
gweld y rhagor rhwng da a drwg
diferenciate between good and bad (“see the difference between good and bad”)

6 os da y cofiaf if I remember rightly (“if good / well I remember”)              

7
mynd yn dda i suit, look good on
Mae’r dei ’na’n mynd yn dda i chi That tie suits you, that tie looks good on you

8
Da iawn fe! Good for him!

9
cas cadw da healthy outward appearance, (man, animal), good condition
(“condition (of) good keeping”) (cas = case, condition) + (cadw = to keep, keeping) + (da = good)
mewn cas cadw da in good condition; in good repair, in good working order

10
Mae’n dda arno fe He’s doing well for himself (“it’s good on him”)

11
dda gen i < ni dda gennyf I don’t like (“(“it is) not good with me”)
Dda gen i mo’i golwg (ni dda gennyf fi ddim o’i golwg) I don’t like the way she looks (“[it is] not good with me anything of her appearance”)

12
Mae golwg dda arno He looks good (“there is (a) good appearance on him”)

:_______________________________.

da (1b) <DAA>
[dɑː]
PLURAL daoedd <DAA-oidh, -odh>
[ˡdɑˑɔɪð, -ɔð]
1 good, goodness
Nid oes da heb beth drwg ynddo
Too much of a good thing is a bad thing (“There is no good without some bad in it”)

Mawr dda iddyn nhw! The best of luck to them! (“great good to them!)

byw ar dda’r wlad live of the fat of the land (“live on (the) good (of) the land”)

2
a good thing
Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n dda i rywun (“there was never a bad thing that wasn’t a good thing for someone”) It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good, there’s always profit to be had from a misfortune by someone somewhere

Cf. Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n ddaioni i rywun (“there was never a bad thing that wasn’t a good thing for someone”) It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good

3 cattle = cows;
da blithion milch cows, cows giving milk
da byw livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, horses, poultry, etc)
.....Comisiwn Cig a Da Byw Meat and Livestock Commission
da corniog horned cattle
da duon Cymréig Welsh black cattle
da Ffrisia Frisian cattle
da godro milch cows
da Gernsi Guernsey cattle
da Henffordd Hereford cattle
da Jersi Jersey cattle
Damona goddess = Celtic goddess of cattle
da pluog poultry (“featherd goods”)
.....gwerthwr da pluog poulterer
da sychion (North Wales) dry cattle
da hesbion (South Wales) (Colloquially da (h)esbon) dry cows
da tew fatstock

See also gwartheg (used in North Wales for “cattle”)

3 (obsolete) goods, possessions

4 good = praise, complimentary remarks
Am ei dad, nid oedd llawer o dda i'w ddweyd. Dyn meddw, cwerylgar, ydoedd
As for his father, her wasn’t much good to say about him. he was a drnkar and a quarrelsome man

ETYMOLOGY: da (= adjective good) > da (= noun goods) > da (= cattle)

Cf Catalan bo, bé (= adjective good) > bens (= noun goods)

Cf English good (adjective) > goods (= noun merchandise)

Cf Latin bonus (= adjective good), bona vacantia (= unclaimed goods )

:_______________________________.

da <DA>
[dɑ] verb
1 In north-western forms of standard colloquial dyn ni / dych chi / dyn nhw,
which in the north have become den ni / dech chi / den nhw.

These ‘e forms are north-eastern; the north-west has e > a in a final syllable, hence
dan ni / dach chi / dan nhw

(1) da ni / da chi / da nhw more closely indicate the pronunciation (since the ‘n’ and ‘ch’ are not geminated consonants – they are not prolonged, as for example in English “ten nights”).

(2) The corresponding literary forms are
ydym ni = we are
ydych chwi = you are
ydynt hwy = they are

NOTE: All these colloquial forms are also written with a preceding apostrophe to indicate the loss of the initial y-; with the added advantage of indicating that this is not the word da <DAA>
[dɑː] = good, and that being from a disyllabic word the final vowel must be short <DA> [dɑ]

’da ni / ’da chi / ’da nhw;
’dan ni / ’dach chi / ’dan nhw;
’dyn ni / ’dych chi / ’dyn nhw

Be ’da chi’n feddwl ohono fo?
What do you think of him?

:_______________________________.

“daar” <DAAR>
[dɑːr]
1 daear > (monosyllabic form ) daer > daar

Southern form of daear (= earth)
Usually spelt dâr / da’r
See aa

:_______________________________.

“däär” <DÄÄR>
[dæːr]
1 daear > (monosyllabic form ) daer > däär
South-eastern form of daear (= earth)
Usually spelt dêr / dæth
See aa / daar

:_______________________________.

“daath” <DAATH>
[dɑːθ]
1 southern form of daeth (= she / he came)
Usually spelt dâth / da’th
See aa

:_______________________________.

“dääth” <DäÄTH>
[dæːθ]
1 south-eastern form of daeth (= she / he came)
Usually spelt dêth / dæth
See aa / daath

:_______________________________.

dàb <DAB>
[dab] (m)
1
in the expression pŵr-dàb (qv) poor thing, poor fellow, poor woman, poor boy, poor girl (expression of pity towards a person); Cambrian English (South Wales): poor dab

A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: DAB, s[ubstantive]. a chit, an insignificant person, a proficient in any feat or exercise : also a slight blow.

:_______________________________.

dablan <DA-blan>
[ˡdablan] (verb)
1
dabble

:_______________________________.

da bo chi
<daa BOO khi>
[dɑˑˡboː xɪ]
1
goodbye

ETYMOLOGY: da bo chi < da bo i chi ‘may it be good to you’
(da = good) + (bo = may it be) + (i = to) + (chi = you)

:_______________________________.

da bo ti
<daa BOO thi>
[dɑˑˡboː tɪ]
1
goodbye

ETYMOLOGY: da bo ti < da bo i ti (= may it be good to you)
(da = good) + (bo = may it be) + (i = to) + (ti = you)


:_______________________________.

dach chi <DA-khi>
[ˡdaxɪ] (verb)
1
you are (North-west)

:_______________________________.

dacw <DA-ku>
[ˡdakʊ] (adverb)
1
that over there is (the barn, etc), over there there’s.... yonder is...
Dacw dŷ tafarn, cawn ni tamaid i’w futa acw efallai
Over yonder there is a pub, maybe we’ll get a bite to eat there

:_______________________________.

dàd <DAD>
[dad] (masculine noun)
1
dad, daddy. Also dat, dada, data, dadi

:_______________________________.

dad-, dat- <DAD, DAT>
[dad, dat] (prefix) negative sense

blino = get tired, dad flino dadflino = rest, relax

:_______________________________.

da-da <DAA-daa>
[ˡdɑˑdɑˑ] (plural noun)
1
sweets

:_______________________________.

dadansoddi <da-dan-SOO-dhi>
[dadanˡsoˑðɪ] (verb)
1
analyse

:_______________________________.

dadansoddiad <da-dan-SODH-yad>
[dadanˡsɔðjad] masculine noun
PLURAL dadansoddiadau <da-dan-sodh-YAA-dai, -de>
[dadansɔðˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]

1
analysis = analysis of components

2
analysis = (sentence) examination of gramatical structure

3
decomposition

ETYMOLOGY: (dadansoddi- = stem of dadansoddi = analyse) + (-ad suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

dadbacio <dad-BAK-yo>
[dadˡbakjɔ]
1
unpack (a case)

:_______________________________.

dadebru <dad-E-bri>
[dadˡɛbrɪ] (verb)
1
come round = recover from a faint

:_______________________________.

dadelfennu <dad-el-VE-ni>
[dadɛlˡvɛnɪ] (verb)
1
decompose, break down = come apart into constituent elements

:_______________________________.

dadeni <dad-EE-ni>
[dadˡeˑnɪ] (masculine noun)
1
rebirth, renaissance

:_______________________________.

dadfachu <dad-VAA-khi>
[dadˡvɑˑxɪ] (verb)
1
unhook

:_______________________________.

dadi <DAA-di>
[ˡdɑˑdɪ] (masculine noun)
1
daddy

:_______________________________.

dadl <DA-dl>
[ˡdadl] feminine noun
PLURAL dadleuon <dad-LEI-on>
[dadˡləɪɔn]
1
discussion, debate, argument

Fe ddichon fod gwirionedd yn ei haeriadau, ond nid ydynt yn cyfrannu yn y modd lleiaf i'r ddadl
There may be some truth in his assertions, but they don’t contribute in the least to the debate

chwalu dadl destroy an argument, tear an argument to pieces

er mwyn dadl for argument’s sake

dadl frys PLURAL dadleuon brys emergency debate

2
argument = dispute, row, disagreement

y ddadl ynglyn â... the dispute about

3
pegwn y ddadl the crux of the matter

4
Mae dadl ar y ddwy ochr There is something to be said for both sides of the argument ("there is (favorable) argument on the two sides")

5
dadl yn erbyn an argument against

Ma gin i filoedd o ddadleuon yn erbyn rhyfel I have thousands of arguments against the war
rhoi'r dadleuon yn erbyn
play the devil's advocate, give the opposing view (“put the arguments against”)

6
debate in a parliament, council

Nid oedd ansawdd y dadleuon yn uchel iawn
The standard of the debates was not very high

7
argument, justification; a point or series of points used to support or criticise a proposal

Y ddadl dros symud popeth i'r Mynyddbychan yw fod yn yr ysbyty enfawr hwnnw fwy fyth o arbenigedd pe bai angen
The argument for moving everything to Mynyddbychan is that in that enormous hospital there is even more expertise if needed

9
torri dadl settle an argument (“break an argument”)

10
mynd yn ddadl rhwng... (ynghylch rhywbeth) begin to argue (about something) (“become an argument between...”)

Aeth yn ddadl rhyngddynt ynghylch â’r pennaeth newydd
they began to argue about the new boss

Aeth yn dipyn o ddadl rhwng Siân â Gwenno Siân and Gwenno began to argue
("it became a bit of an argument between Siân and Gwenno")

11
dadl hallt stormy debate, heated debate, intense debate

12
dadl boeth stormy debate, heated debate, intense debate

mynd yn ddal boeth rhwng... (said of a dispute becoming heated)

Mi aeth hi'n ddadl boeth rhyngddon nhw
They began to argue fiercely ("it became a hot argument between them")

13
cynhadledd = conference
(cynnadl = debate, prefix cyn- = together, + dadl = debate) + (-edd, suffix)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh dadl < daddl < British < Celtic < IE *dhê- (= to break)

From the same British root: Breton: dael = dispute
From the same Celtic root: Irish: dáil = debate, assembly

:_______________________________.

dadlaith <DAD-laith, -leth>
[ˡdadlaɪθ, -ɛθ] (verb)
1
(South Wales) to thaw

Colloquially dadleth / dadlath

:_______________________________.

dadlau <DAD-lai, -le>
[ˡdadlaɪ, -ɛ] (verb)
1
to debate

:_______________________________.

dadleudy <dad-LEI-di>
[dadˡləɪdɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL dadleudai <dad-LEI-dai>
[dadˡləɪdaɪ]
1
court of law

(1) Matthew 27:27 Yna milwyr y rhaglaw a gymerasant yr Iesu i’r dadleudy, ac a gynullasant ato yr holl fyddin
Matthew 27:27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall, and gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers.

(2) Ioan 18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu oddi wrth Caiaffas i’r dadleudy; a’r bore ydoedd hi; ac nid aethant hwy i mewn i’r dadleudy, rhag eu halogi; eithr fel y gallent fwyta’r pasg
John 18:28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

(3) Ioan 18:33 Yna Peilat a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a alwodd yr Iesu, ac a ddywedodd wrtho, Ai ti yw Brenin yr Iddewon?
John 18:33 Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?

(4) Ioan 19:9 Ac a aeth drachefn i’r dadleudy, ac a ddywedodd wrth yr Iesu, O ba le yr wyt ti? Ond ni roes yr Iesu ateb iddo
John 19:9 And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.

(5) Yr Actau 23:35 Mi a’th wrandaf, eb efe, pan ddelo dy gyhuddwr hefyd. Ac efe a orchmynnodd ei gadw ef yn nadleudy Herod
Acts 23:35 I will hear thee, said he, when thine accusers are also come. And he commanded him to be kept in Herod’s judgment hall.

2
Y Dadleudy A former courthouse building in Caerffili dating from 1373/4. By the 1600s it was a private residence, and in the 1900s a doctor’s surgery. It is now a tavern known as “The Court House / Y Dadleudy”.

ETYMOLOGY: ‘house of contention / pleading / lawsuit’
(dadleu- penult form of the verb-noun dadlau = contention / pleading / lawsuit)
+ soft mutation + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

dadleuol <dad-LEI-ol>
[dadˡləɪɔl] adjective
1
debatable, polemical, controversial

Mae’r trigolion yn protestio yn erbyn y cynllun dadleuol i godi llosgydd gwastraff ar gyrion y dre

The inhabitants are protesting against the controversial plan to build a waste incinerator on the town’s outskirts

cynllun dadleuol i gau swyddfa bost y pentref
a contoversial plan to close the village’s post office
penderfyiad dadleuol a controversial decision
mae’n well osgoi pynciau dadleuol am y tro it’s better to avoid controversial topics for the time being

ETYMOLOGY: (dadleu = penult form of the verbnoun dadlau = to debate) + (-ol suffix for forming adjective)

:_______________________________.

dadmer <DAD-mer>
[ˡdadmɛr] (verb)
1
to thaw

:_______________________________.

dadweinio <dad-WEIN-yo>
[dadˡwəɪnjɔ] verb
1
to unsheathe, to take out of a sheath, to draw (a sword, etc)

ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gweinio = to sheathe, to put in a sheath)

:_______________________________.

dadwystlo <dad-UIST-lo>
[dadˡʊɪstlɔ] verb
1
redeem (something pawned)

Dadwystlodd ei fodrwy briodas
He redeemed his wedding ring from pawn

ETYMOLOGY: literally ‘un-pawn’ (dad, negative prefix) + soft mutation + (gwystlo = to pawn)

:_______________________________.

daear <DEI-ar>
[ˡdəɪar] (feminine noun)
1
earth

2
ar dir a daear Ceredigion on the soil of Ceredigion

Mae hen ddihareb i’r perwyl fod pob ceiliog yn gawr ar ei esgynlawr ei hun, a buaswn innau yn medru eich annerch chwi yn hyfach yr ochr arall i afon Teifi, ar dir a daear Ceredigion, yng ngwlad fy ngenedigaeth. (Enwau Lleoedd / John Rhys/ Cymru Cyfrol XI. RHIF 63. Hydref 15fed, 1896)
There’s an old saying to the effect that every rooster is a giant on its own perch, and I would be able to address you in a bolder manner on the other side of the river Teifi, in Ceredigion (“on the ground and land of Ceredigion”), in the land of my birth (John Rhys, in a speech given in 1896 in the county of Caerfyrddin – the Teifi river forms the boundary between the two counties)

3 plymio i’r ddaear (plane) crash (“plummet to the ground”)

4 Y peth mwyaf naturiol ar y ddaear iddi oedd ceisio helpu mewn argyfwng
It was the most natural thing in the world for her to try and help in a crisis

5 un o ragorolion y ddaear a prince among men

Un o ddynion rhagorol y ddaear yw eich tad Your father is a prince among men / is one of the world’s finest men / is one of the finest men in the world
:_______________________________.

daeardor
<dei-AR-dor> [dəɪˡardɔr] masculine noun
PLURAL daeardorion <dei-a-DOR-yon>
[dəɪaˡdɔrjɔn]
1 (Geology) cleft, fissure

ETYMOLOGY: (daear = land ) + soft mutation + (tor = break, rupture)

:_______________________________.

daeardrig <dei-AR-drig>
[dəɪˡardrɪg] adjective
1
daeardrig earth-dwelling

ETYMOLOGY: (daear = earth) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit )

:_______________________________.

daeardy <dei-AR-di>
[dəɪˡardɪ] (m)
PLURAL daeardai <dei-AR-dai>
[dəɪˡardaɪ]
1
underground vault, dungeon

ETYMOLOGY: (daear = earth) + soft mutation + (trig-, stem of trigo = to inhabit )

NOTE: Is this possibly the origin of the name Dardy (Y Dardy?) SO2018, a hamlet near Crucywel / Crickhowell?

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1101970 Dardy

(South-eastern Welsh daer / dâr, standard daear, = earth) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house) > daerdy, dardy. Cf Daearwynno
Cf also maerdy > mardy
:_______________________________.

daeareg <dei-AA-reg>
[dəɪˡɑˑrɛg] (feminine noun)
1
geology

ETYMOLOGY: (daear = earth) + (-eg suffix used in names of sciences)
:_______________________________.

daearfochyn <dei-ar-VOO-khin>
[dəɪarˡvoˑxɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL daearfoch <dei-AR-vokch>
[dəɪˡarvɔx]
1
badger (a literary form. The usual expression is mochyn daear)

2 (Bible) ‘badger’. The animal referred to in the Welsh and English translations of the Bible is some animal which was not in fact a badger, which is not found in the Bible lands. The Hebrew word is “tachash” and is the equivalent of Arabic “duchash”, which is a dolphin, or a seal. Some Bible translations in English have seal skin, others porpoise skin, instead of badger skin.

Eseciel 16:10 Mi a’th wisgais hefyd â gwaith edau a nodwydd, rhoddais i ti hefyd esgidiau o groen daearfoch, a gwregysais di â lliain main, a gorchuddiais di â sidan
Ezekiel 16:10 I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with badgers’ skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered thee with silk.

Numeri 4:10 A godasant ef a’i holl ddodrefn mewn gorchudd o groen daearfoch, a gosodant ef ar drosol
Numbers 4:10 And they shall put it and all the vessels thereof within a covering of badgers’ skins, and shall put it upon a bar.

ETYMOLOGY: ‘earth pig’, that is, a pig-like animal which lives in an earth
(daear = earth) + soft mutation + (mochyn = pig)

NOTE: The usual expression is mochyn daear “pig (that lives in an) earth”

:_______________________________.

daearu <dei-AA-ri>
[dəɪˡɑˑrɪ] (verb)
1
daearu
(rhywun) bury someone

ETYMOLOGY: “to earth” (daear = earth) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

Daearwynno <DEI-ar WƏ-no>
[ˡdəɪar ˡwənɔ]
1
A farm by Llanwynno church ST0296 (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/109579 ST0296 map; Daearwynno

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/340261 ST0295 map; Eglwys Wynno

(The local form is probably <däär-wə-no> “Däärwynno”, because in the south-east daear > daer (as in English ‘dire’) > daar (as in English ‘dark’) > däär (as in English ‘dare’).
It is marked on English-language maps as Darwonno (= Da’r Wynno / Daer Wynno), which shows some influence from the local form)

ETYMOLOGY: “(the) land (belonging to the church dedicated to) Gwynno”
(daear = land) + soft mutation + (Gwynno = saint’s name)

:_______________________________.

daearyddiaeth <dei-a-RƏDH-yaith, -yeth>
[dəɪaˡrəðjaɪθ, -ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1
geography

ETYMOLOGY: (daearydd = geographer) + (-i-aeth suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

daeth, "daath" <daith, daath>
[daɪθ, dɑːθ] (verb)
1
he / she / it came

:_______________________________.

daethpwyd <DEITH-puid>
[ˡdəɪθpʊɪd] verb
1
(daethpwyd â) it has been brought, it was brought

An alterative form is dowd â
Dowd ag achos Dafi Jones o flaen y seiet
Dafi Jones’s case was brought before the chapel committee

:_______________________________.

Daethwy <DEITH-ui>
[ˡdəɪθʊɪ] m

1 a people who lived on Ynys Môn, and whose name is preserved in the name of one of the two kúmmuds of the kántrev of Rhosyr:

..a/ Dindaethwy – “(the) hillfort (of) (the) Daethwy (people)”,

and in the village name

..b/ Porthaethwy “(the) ferrying-place (of) (the) Daethwy (people)”

Porthaethwy < porth ’aethwy < porth Ddaethwy

 7379_porthaethwy_090204

(delwedd 7379)

:_______________________________.

dafad <DAA-vad>
[ˡdɑˑvad] feminine noun
PLURAL defaid <DEE-vaid, -ed>
[ˡdeˑvaɪd, -ɛd]
1
sheep = animal of the genus Ovis which provides wool and meat
dafad gorniog a horned sheep

2
(religion) church member (ie one of the pastor’s flock)

3
Mae dafad ddu ym mhob praidd There’s a black sheep in every family ("in every flock")

4
mor hywedd â dafad wedi ei chneifio "as docile as a shorn sheep"

5
Fe wyr hen ddafad y fan y mae porfa
Experienced people know how it’s done ("an old sheep knows where the pasture is")

6
Fe wyr hen ddafad o ble daw storom

Experienced people know where problems will arise ("an old sheep knows where the storm will come from")

7
cyfrif defaid count sheep - counting sheep jumping over a gate is supposed to
induce sleep

Yr oeddwn yn dal yn methu cysgu ar ôl oriau o gyfri llond corlannau o ddefaid yn
neidio dros y giât

I was still unable to sleep after counting foldsful of sheep jumping the gate

8
defaid y praidd sheep of the flock (expression in the Bible, = ‘sheep’)

Mathew 26:31 Yna y dywedodd yr Iesu wrthynt, Chwychwi oll a rwystrir heno o’m plegid i; canys ysgrifenedig yw, Trawaf y bugail, a defaid y praidd a wasgerir
Matthew 26:31 Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad.

9
golch defaid sheep dip, sheep wash

10
marchnad ddefaid sheep market

11
blaidd mewn croen dafad a wolf in sheep’s clothing (a menace in disguise, a malicious person who acts as if he or she means well) (“a wolf in a sheepskin”)

bod yn flaidd mewn croen dafad be a sheep in wolf's clothing

Mathew 7:15 Ymogelwch rhag gau broffwydi, y rhai a ddeuant atoch yng ngwisgoedd defaid, ond oddi mewn bleiddiaid rheibus ydynt hwy
Matthew 7:15 Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.

12 ci defaid sheepdog, dog trained to round up sheep

13
ffermwr defaid sheep farmer

14
cig dafad mutton

15
saim dafad mutton fat

16
hen ddafad yng nghnu oen bach ("an old sheep in the fleece of a little lamb") mutton dressed up as lamb, an old person trying to hide his or her age by imitating young people’s clothing styles

17
cnu’r ddafad farw = clothing which has belonged to somebody who has died ("(the) fleece (of) the dead sheep")

18
North Wales defaid Dafydd Jos ("(the) sheep (of) David Jones") = waves (in the sea)

19
dafad swci pet sheep

20
dafad gorniog horned sheep

21
dafad fynydd mountain sheep, highland sheep

22
dafad Seisnig English sheep; lowland sheep, bigger than Welsh highland sheep

23
dafad libert sheep which grazes in the ‘libert’, area of mountain pasture

24
libert defaid mountain land for sheep grazing

25
district of Caerffili lloffion y ddafad ("gleanings (of) the sheep") mushrooms

26
North Wales neidr ddefaid ("snake (of) (some) sheep"), or neidr ddafad ("snake (of) (a) sheep") Anguis fragilis slowworm

27
yr oen yn dysgu’r ddafad i bori ("the lamb teaching the sheep how to graze") said of the inexperienced presuming to know better than experienced people, children who think they know better than the parents; ‘teaching one’s grandmother to suck eggs’

28
dwl fel defaid as daft as sheep

29
See defeity (feity), dafaty sheepcot

30
peisgwellt y defaid Festuca ovina sheep’s fescue

31
wart; see dafaden (= wart)

32 Place names: Pantydefaid “(the) hollow (of) the sheep / sheep hollow”
34 pen dafad a fool “(head (of) sheep)”

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *damat- (sheep, tame animal) < Celtic
From the same British root:
(1) Cornish davaz (= sheep),
(2) Breton dañvad (= sheep),

From the same Indoeuropean root:
(1) Latin domitus (= domesticated, tamed) < domâre (= to domesticate, to tame);
(2) Germanic: German zahm [tsaam] (= tame), and the English word tame itself

NOTE:
(1) South-east Wales defaid > defid <DE-vad>
[ˡdɛvɪd],
cf Tonyrefail <ton-ər-EE-vail> [tɔn ər ˡreˑvaɪl] (village name) > Tonrefil <ton-REE-vil> [tɔnˡreˑvɪl],
eraill
(others) > erill

(2) Studies in Welsh Phonology / Samuel J. Evans / 1909 / t19 “In Anglesey and Carnarvonshire dafad is regularly pronounced dafod.”

The change of final a > o is found in other words in Welsh.

:_______________________________.

dafad ddyflwydd, defaid dyflwydd <DAA-vad DHƏ-vluidh>
[ˡdɑˑvad ˡðəvlʊɪð] (feminine noun)
1
two-year old sheep

:_______________________________.

dafaden, dafadennau <da-VAA-den, da-va-DE-ne>
[daˡvɑˑdɛn,davaˡdɛnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
wart

:_______________________________.

dafadennog <da-va-DE-nog>
[davaˡdɛnɔg] adjective
1
warty
llyffant dafadennog "warty toad" common toad

ETYMOLOGY: (dafadenn- < dafaden = wart) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

dáffodil, daffodiliau <da-FO-dil, da-fo-DIL-yai, -ye>
[daˡfɔdɪl, dafɔˡdɪljaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
(narcissus pseudonarcissus) daffodil; see cenhinen Bedr

:_______________________________.

Dafi <DAA-vi>
[ˡdɑˑvɪ] (masculine noun)
1
Davey; diminutive of Dafydd

:_______________________________.

dafn (“dafan”), dafnau <DA-vn, DAA-van, DAV-ne>
[davn, ˡdɑˑvan,ˡdavnaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
drop (of water)

:_______________________________.

Dafydd <DAA-vidh>
[ˡdɑˑvɪð] (masculine noun)
1
David

:_______________________________.

Dafydd ap Gwilym <DAA-vidh ap GWII-lim>
[ˡdɑˑvɪð ap ˡgwiˑlɪm] (masculine noun)
1
medieval poet, fl 1320-1370

:_______________________________.

dagrau <DA-grai, -e>
[ˡdagraɪ, -ɛ]
1
tears; plural form of deigryn = tear

:_______________________________.

Dai <DAI>
[daɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
(South Wales) diminutive form of Dafydd

:_______________________________.

dail <DAIL>
[daɪl] (plural noun) leaves; plural of deilen = leaf

:_______________________________.

Daio <DAI-o>
[ˡdaɪɔ] masculine noun
South-east Wales
1
pet form of Dafydd = David

According to John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), there was land called Tir Daio Wil in the parish of Llanedern (county of Caer-dydd) in the year 1702
“TIR-DAIO-WIL (David William’s land) In Llanedern parish (1702)”
(“(the) land (of) Dafydd / Daio, (son of) Wil / Wiliam”)

:_______________________________.

daioni <dai-OO-ni>
[daɪˡnɪ] masculine noun
1 goodness, good
ei daioni tuag ati hi a phawb his kindness towards her and others

2 a good thing, a good deed
deuddrwg ni wna ddaioni Two wrongs don’t make a right (“two bad things don’t make a good thing”)

(deuddrwg = two bad deeds) + (ni = not) + soft mutation + (gwna = does, makes) + soft mutation + (daiao = good, goodness)

peth creulon yw’r gosb eithaf - ac ar ben hyn, deuddrwg ni wna ddaioni
the death penalty is cruel, and over and above this two wrongs don't make a right...

Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n ddaioni i rywun (“there was never a bad thing that wasn’t a good thing for someone”) It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good

Also: Ni fu erioed ddrwg na fu’n dda i rywun (“there was never a bad thing that wasn’t good for someone”) It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good

3 Duw a phob daioni (motto) God and everything that is good
 

ETYMOLOGY: (da = good) + (suffix -oni). Cf haelioni (= generosity) < hael (= generous)

:_______________________________.

dal <DAL>
[dal] (verb)
1
to catch
esgidiau dala adar
/ esgidiau dal adar sneakers, light shoes (“shoes (for) catching birds”)

2
hold
dal fel llew yn rhywbeth hang onto something like grim death (“hold on like a lion”)

3 dal ati stick at it, continue to do (something)
dal ati hyd y diwedd to stick it out, stick with it to the end (“keep at it until the end”)

4
catch (bus, aeroplane)
dal y trên catch the train
Cael a chael fu hi iddo ddal y bws He only just caught the bus

5
dal dan rywun plead someone’s cause (“hold under someone”)

6
dal eich golygon ar (qv) stare at (“hold your sights on”)


7 dal eich tir (qv) hold your ground

8
dal (ci) ar dennyn hold a dog on a leash

9
dal eich trwyn hold your nose (because of a bad smell)

10 dal blawd wyneb put on a bold face

11 dal y slac yn dynn have a cushy job (“hold the slack (a loose rope) tight”)

12
pedal dal (piano) loud pedal (“sustaining pedal”)

:_______________________________.

Y Dalar
<ə DAA-lar>
[ə ˡdɑˑlar]
1
street name in Machynlleth (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: (“the headland / cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge)

 

:_______________________________.

 

Dalar Goch  <DAA-lar GOOKH> [ˡdɑˑlar ˡgo:x]

1 field name, Pen-y-garth Isaf. Llanfair, Meirionydd

ETYMOLOGY: dalar goch < y dalar goch (“the red headland / cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) + soft mutation + (coch = red)

 

:_______________________________.

 

Dalar Hir  <DAA-lar HIIR> [ˡdɑˑlar ˡhi:r]

1 field name, Pen-y-garth Isaf. Llanfair, Meirionydd

ETYMOLOGY: dalar hir < y dalar hir (“the long headland / cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) + (hir = long)
:_______________________________.

Dalar-las
<DAA-lar LAAS>
[ˡdɑˑlar ˡlɑːs]
1
street name in
….a/ Glanconwy, Baecolwyn (county of Conwy)
….b/ Llanfachreth, Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY:
dalar las < y dalar las (“the green headland / cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) + soft mutation + (glas = green)

:_______________________________.

Dalar-wen
<DAA-lar WEN>
[ˡdɑˑlar ˡwɛn]
1
street name in Dinbych (“Dalar Wen”)

ETYMOLOGY:
dalar wen < y dalar wen (“the white headland / cross-ridge (in a ploughed field)”)
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (talar = cross-ridge) + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn = white)

:_______________________________.

dal eich golygon ar
<dal əkh go-LƏ-gon ar >
[ˡdal əxˡ gɔˡləgɔn ar]
1 stare at

ETYMOLOGY: (“hold your sights on”)
(dal = hold) + (eich = your) + (golygon = sights, plural de golwg = sight) + (ar = on)

:_______________________________.

dal eich tir
<dal əkh TIIR>
[dal əx tiːr]
1 hold your ground, stand your ground, maintain your ground, stand firm; = not yield
Dal dy dir (slogan used by the movement Cymuned) – has the metaphoric meaning of “hold your ground, stand firm” as well as the literal meaning of “keep your territory”

ETYMOLOGY: (“hold your land”)
(dal = hold) + (eich = your) + (tir = land)

:_______________________________.

dalen, dalennau <DAA-len, da-LE-nai, -ne>
[ˡdɑˑlɛn, daˡlɛnaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
page of a manuscript
y ddalen the page

tudalen (nm) a page (TU = side, DALEN = page)
y tudalen the page; but often y dudalen, perhaps from assuming that -en is the feminine suffix found in many other nouns)
:_______________________________.

dalennog <da-LE-nog>
[daˡlɛnɔg] adjective
1 laminated
2 metel dalennog sheet metal

ETYMOLOGY: (dalenn- (penult form of dalen = leaf, page)) + (-og suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

dalfa
<DAL-va>
[ˡdalva] feminine noun
PLURAL dalféydd
<dal-VEIDH> [dalˡvəɪð]
y ddalfa the pound, police cell, etc

1
pound, place to contain animals

2
police cell

3
arrest, detention, capture

yn y ddalfa in custody, detained

mynd â rhywun i’r ddalfa take somebody into custody

marwolaethau hunanachosedig yn y ddalfa self-inflicted deaths in custody

sarjant dalfa
custody sergeant (police sergeant based in the cell block of a police station whose task is to confirm that the arrest and detention of a detainee / an arrestee is lawful, and who give or refuse authorisation for the further detention of the prisoner. Continued detenion allows further evidence to be obtained, or breath analysers to be used with drunk drivers, etc. Once an individual is detained, the custody sergeant looks after the welfare of the prisoner, ensuring that his or her rights are respected, arranging solicitors, calling medical assistance, etc.)

4
catch (of fish)
Mae’r tywydd wedi bod yn dda a’r pysgotwyr wedi cael dalfa dda heddiw
The weather has been fine and the fishermen have had a good catch today

cael dalfa wael have a poor catch

5
dalfa deg a fair cop = recognition to a policeman that one has been caught fairly because an offence was being committed

Gyrru adre'n feddw yr oedd e, a dyma heddwas yn rhoi arwydd iddo aros
Wel, dyma hi, meddai'r gyrrwr wrtho'i hun, dalfa deg

He was driving home drunk, and a policeman signalled to him to stop. Well, that's it, said the driver to himself, it's a fair cop

6 trap = drainage trap,
curved section in a drain allowing water to flow out but preventing odours and noxious gases from a sewer from escaping into the atmosphere, and for catching items that may fall into the drain (e.g. wedding rings in a sink or toilet)
Rhaid cadw pob pibell wastraff, dalfa a gwli yn ddirwystr
All waste pipes, traps and gullies must be kept free of blockages

dalfa P
P trap = a u-shaped piece of pipe under a sink or toilet with a connecting pipe with a 90 turn, contimuning on the level
 http://www.pronto.com/mpm/Brasstech-3013-Group-II-Premium-10305419278-CG

dalfa S S trap = a u-shaped piece of pipe under a sink or in a toilet with a connecting pipe with a 180 turn, leading downwards
 http://www.homeclick.com/web/catalog/product_detail.aspx?pid=247524&cid=247524307/15:H:pronto

ETYMOLOGY: (dal , stem of dal = to catch, to hold) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating an action)

:_______________________________.

dali <DAA-li>
[ˡdɑˑlɪ] verb
1
you will catch; from dal = to catch

cerdd yn ddistaw ati (= yr iâr), mi dali hi mewn munud
walk carefully towards it (the hen) and you’ll catch it in seconds ("in a minute")

NOTE: (dal, stem of dal = to catch, to hold) + (-i second person singular present termination). In literary Welsh there is vowel affection (deli), but in the spoken language this in general no longer occurs before this final -i - thus dali

:_______________________________.

daliant <DAL-yant>
[ˡdaljant] masculine noun
1
suspension (of fine particles in a liquid)

mewn daliant
in suspension

Sut y gellir gwahanu’r gronynnau mewn daliant o’r hylif?
How might the grains in suspension be separated from the liquid?

:_______________________________.

daliant <DAL-yant>
[ˡdaljant] verb, third-person plural present-future indicative of dal (= to catch)
Fe’u daliant yn eu crafangau miniog a’u lladd
They catch them in their sharp claws and kill them

:_______________________________.

dall, deillion <DALH, DEILH-yon>
[daɬ, ˡdəɪɬjɔn] (adjective)
1
blind
bod yn ddall o’ch geni be born blind, be blind from birth (“be blind from your being-born”)
bod wedi’ch geni’n ddall be born blind, be blind from birth (“be after your being-born blind”)

bod mor ddall â’r garreg be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as the stone”)

2 y deillion = blind people

3
Dalla’ o bawb na fynn weld
None so blind as those who will not see
(“(the) blindest of everybody (is) the-one-who-not wants seeing / who insists on not seeing”)

4 chwarae mwgwd y dall play blind man’s buff (“play (the) blindfold (of) the blnd man”)
5 (noun) blind person
y dall yn tywys y dall the blind leading the blind (“the blind man leading the blind man”)

6 bod yn ddall bost be as blind as a bat (“be gatepost blind, as blind as a gatepost”)
bod mor ddall â’r nos be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as the night”)
bod mor ddall â’r garreg be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as the stone”)
bod mor ddall â thwrch daear be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as a mole” / “earth-pig”)
bod mor ddall â’r wadd be as blind as a bat (“be as blind as the mole”)
bod mor ddall â’r wal be as blind as a mole (“be as blind as the wall”)

mynd yn ddall i rywbeth rush blindly into (some venture), do something without thinking of the consequences (“go blindly to something”)

oed dall blind date

7 blind = hidden
cornel ddall blind corner; bend in a street around the corner of a building which cannot be fully seen
tro dall blind bend; bend in a road which cannot be fully seen

:_______________________________.

dallt <DAALHT>
[dɑːɬt] (v)
1
(North Wales) < deall to understand

dw i’m yn dallt (North Wales) = ni ydwyf fi yn deall I don’t understand

7367_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_119_dodrefn_090203

(delwedd 7367)

:_______________________________.

dal y llygoden a’i bwyta <DAL ə lhə-GOO-den ai BUI-ta>
[ˡdal ə ɬəˡgoˑdɛn aɪ ˡbʊɪta]
1
live from hand to mouth, live in poverty, be unable to provide for future needs

ETYMOLOGY: (‘catch the mouse and eat it’)
(dal = catch) + (y llygoden = the mouse) + (a’i = and its) + (bwyta = eating, to eat)

:_______________________________.

damcaniaeth, damcaniaethau <dam-KAN-yaith, -yeth, dam-kan-YEITH-ai, -e>
[damˡkanjaɪθ, -jɛθ, damkanˡjəɪθaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
theory
y ddamcaniaeth the theory

ETYMOLOGY: (damcan- stem of damcanu = theorize) + (-i-aeth, suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

damcanu <dam-KAA-ni>
[damˡkɑˑnɪ]
1
theorize, conjecture

ETYMOLOGY: (dam- = around), substituting the prefix am of amcanu (= to intend, to aim, to estimate).

Earliest example in William Owen-Pughe’s dictionary of 1794.

The prefix dam is British do-ambi- (to + around), equivalent to Welsh do (obsolete, = to) and am (= around). It is found in some words which have been documented over the centuries, though these are now mostly obsolete, except for damsang (= to trample)

:_______________________________.

dameg, damhegion <DA-meg, dam-HEG-yon>
[ˡdamɛg,damˡhɛgjɔn] (feminine noun)
1
parable

2 (gweld rhybeth) trwy ddrych mewn dameg (see something) through a glass darkly = (see) something imperfectly, not get a clear picture of something (in the English expression “glass” = looking glass, mirror)

(The expression is from the words of the Apostle Paul in Corinthians-1 / Corinthiaid-1)
13:11 pan oeddwn fachgen, fel bachgen y llefarwn, fel bachgen y deallwn, fel bachgen y meddyliwn: ond pan euthum yn ŵr, mi a rois heibio bethau bachgennaidd. (13:12) canys gweled yr ydym yn awr hon trwy ddrych, mewn dameg; ond yna, wyneb yn wyneb: yn awr yr adwaen o ran; ond yna yr adnabyddaf megis y’m hadwaenir. (13:13) Yr awr hon y mae yn aros ffydd, gobaith, cariad, y tri hyn; a’r mwyaf o’r rhai hyn ywn cariad.

13:11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things. (13:12) For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. (13:13) And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.

dameg parable, allusion, enigma, dark saying
mewn dameg parabolically, allegorically, darkly

:_______________________________.

damwain, damweiniau <DAM-wain, -wen, dam-WEIN-yai, -ye>
[ˡdamwaɪn ˡdamwɛn, damˡwəɪnjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
accident
y ddamwain = the accident
Uned Ddamweiniau ac Achosion Brys Accident and Emergency Unit (section of a hospital) (“unit (of) accidents and urgent cases”)
:_______________________________.

damweiniol <dam-WEIN-yol>
[damˡwəɪnjɔl] adjective
1
accidental
difrod damweiniol accidental damage

ETYMOLOGY: (damwein- penult form of damwain = accident) + (-iol, suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

Dan.
1
abbreviation of Llyfr Daniel, the Book of Daniel

:_______________________________.

dan <DAN>
[dan]

(South Wales) <DAN> (preposition) under (mainly South Wales)
(1) - dana i (South Wales) <DA-nai>
[ˡdanaɪ] (preposition) (first person singular) under me
(1) - danon ni (South Wales) <DAA-no-ni>
[ˡdɑˑnɔnɪ] (first person plural) under us

(2) - danat ti (South Wales) <DAA-na-ti>
[ˡdɑˑnatɪ] (second person singular) under you
(2) - danoch chi (South Wales) <DAA-no-khi>
[ˡdɑˑnɔxɪ] (preposition) (second person plural) under you

(3) - dani hi (South Wales) <DAA-ni-hi>
[ˡdɑˑnɪhɪ] (preposition) (third person singular feminine) (she) under her
(3) - dano fe (South Wales) <DAA-no-ve>
[ˡdɑˑnɔvɛ] (preposition) (third person singular masculine) (ell) under her
(3) - danyn nhw (South Wales) <DAA-ni-nu>
[ˡdanɪnʊ] (preposition) (third person plural) under them

1
dan do
<dan DOO>
[dan ˡdoː] inside the house (‘under roof’)

2
dan ei sang
<dan i SANG>
[dan ɪ ˡsaŋ] choc-a-bloc, packed, crammed (building, full of people)

3
dan reolaeth
<dan re-OO-laith, -leth>
[dan rɛˡoˑlaɪθ, -ɛθ] under control

4
dal dan rywun plead someone’s cause (“hold under someone”)

5
Mae dan ddwylath o bridd He’s dead and buried, He’s six foot under, He’s pushing up the daisies (“he’s under two yards of earth”)

6
dan yr amgylchiadau all things considered, considering the circumstances, in view of the situation

7
bod dan ddedfryd marwolaeth be under sentence of death

8 claddu dan yr hen drefn eat heartily (“bury under / according to the old system”)

9 dan ei sang (qv)

10 dan ei gofal (qv)

11 dan gwmwl (qv)

12 dan gysgod (qv)

13 dan lenni’r nos (qv)

14 dan rith (qv)

15 dan y fwyell (qv)

16 dan un (qv)

17 place names: Dan-lan, Danyderi, Dan-y-graig (qv)

18 dani (qv)

:_______________________________.

danas <DAA-nas>
[ˡdɑˑnas] masculine noun
PLURAL danasod <da-NA-sod>
[daˡnasɔd]
1
(Dama dama) fallow deer (deer originally from the Mediterranean area with flattened antlers and in summer a reddish coat with white spots)

2 bwch danas plural bychod danas roebuck, male of fallow deer.
Also bwch y danas, bwchadanas

3
gafr ddanas plural geifr danas roe hind, female of fallow deer

ETYMOLOGY: The fallow deer is a species that was an introduced to the island of Britain by the Norman invaders, and danas is probably some form of Old French dain (= hind, female deer).

In modern French it is daim
..a/ fallow deer;
..b/ male deer, buck

:_______________________________.

Daneg <DAA-neg>
[ˡdɑˑnɛg] (f, adj)
1
Danish

siarad Daneg to speak Danish

Daneg eich iaith Danish-speaking

:_______________________________.

dan ei gofal
<dan i GOO-val>
[dan ɪ ˡgoˑval]
1
(South Wales) bod dan ei gofal be pregnant

A glywsoch chi am ferch Shôn Dan...? Mae dan ei gofal mydde nhwy (Gardd y Gweithiwr, Blwyddyn 1860)
Have you heard about Shôn Dan’s daughter? She’s pregnant, they say

ETYMOLOGY: (dan= under) + (ei = her) + (gofal = care)

:_______________________________.

dan ei sang <dan i SANG>
[dan ɪ ˡsaŋ] adjective
1
filled to capacity, full to bursting, chock-a-block, packed out, full to the seams,
at bursting point, full up, crammed

bod dan ei sang o... be full up with...
Roedd yr amgueddfa dan ei sang o dwristiaid The museum was chock-a-block with tourists

ETYMOLOGY: (dan= under) + (ei = his / her / its) + (sang = trampling; sangu = to trample)

:_______________________________.

danfon <DAN-von>
[ˡdanvɔn] (verb)
1
send

Onis danfonir, dychweler at yr anfonydd (“if-not-it / is-sent / let-it-be-returned / to / the / sender”)
If undelivered, please return to sender


2
fan ddanfon delivery van

:_______________________________.

danfoniad, danfoniadau <dan-VON-yad, dan-von-YAA-dai -e>
[danˡvɔnjad, danvɔnˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
sending, despatch

2
Danfoniad am ddim Carriage paid; Delivery free

:_______________________________.

Danfonir am ddim <dan-VOO-nir am DHIM>
[danˡvoˑnɪr am ˡðɪm]
1
“We deliver free of charge”; “Free home deliveries”

ETYMOLOGY: (“it-is-sent for nothing”)

:_______________________________.

Danfonir i’r cartref <dan-VOO-nir ir KAR-trev>
[danˡvoˑnɪr ɪr ˡkartrɛv]
1
“Home deliveries”

ETYMOLOGY: (“it-is-sent to the home”)

:_______________________________.

dangos <DANG-gos>
[ˡdaŋgɔs] (verb)
1
show

2
show = point out

Allech chi ddangos imi’r ffordd i’r orsaf?
Could you show me the way to the station?

3 eich dangos eich hun show off, boast (“show yourself”)

On’d yw hi’n hoff o ddangos ei hun? Isn’t she a show off? She really likes to show off, doesn’t she? (“isn’t she fond of showing herself”)

4
dangos y faner show the flag = put in an appearance, make your presence noted at some gathering or event

5 dangos eich rhuddin show your mettle, show what you’re made of

NOTE: In the North dan|gos has become dangos
<DANG-gos>
[ˡdaŋgɔs] > dangos <DA-ngos> [ˡdaŋɔs]

7320_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_269_dangos_090127
(delwedd 7320)

:_______________________________.

dangosol <da-NGO-sol>
[daˡŋɔsɔl] (adjective)
1 (Grammar) demonstrative
Abbreviation = dangosol

:_______________________________.

dan gwmwl
<dan GU-mul> [dan ˡgʊmʊl]
1
“under a cloud”

yr haul yn mynd o dan gwmwl
..a/ (sun) disappear behind a cloud
.b/ (figurative) (sun) stop shining; said of misfortune, end of happiness

Cyrhaedodd y newydd ei bod wedi marw y noson gynt. Aeth yr haul o dan gwmwl
The news arrived that she had died the previous night. The sun stopped shining

2 bod dan gwmwl = be under a cloud, under reproach or suspicion, in disgrace

ETYMOLOGY: “under (a) cloud” (dan = under) + soft mutation + (cwmwl = cloud)

:_______________________________.

dan gysgod
<dan GƏ-skod>
[dan ˡgəskɔd]
1 (adverb) under shelter

2
(preposition) under the shelter of, sheltered by

mynd i lawr dibyn serth dan gysgod Craig y Widdon
go down a steep descent sheltered by Craig y Widdon (craig = crag, rock)

:_______________________________.

danheddog <da-NHEE-dhog>
[daˡnheˑðɔg] (adj)
1
toothed

2
mân-ddanheddog
fine-toothed
mân ddanheddog (mân = small, fine ) + soft mutation + (danheddog = toothed)

helygen fân-ddanheddog (PLURAL: helyg mân-ddanheddog) (Salix breviserrata) finely-toothed willow

danhogen <dan-HOO-nog> [danˡhoˑgɛn] (f)
PLURAL: dannog <DA-nog>
[ˡdanɔg] (f)
1
(Stachys) betony

There are five species on the island of Britain: Wood Betony (Stachys Officinalis or Stachys Betonica); the Marsh Stachys (Stachys palustris); the true Woundwort (Stachys Germanica), the Field Stachys (Stachys arvensis) and the Hedge Stachys (Stachys sylvatica).

danhogen y coed PLURAL: dannog y coed (Stachys officinalis) (wikipedia): commonly known as Purple Betony, Betaine (fr), Betonie (ger), Bishopwort, Lousewort, Wild hop, Wood betony (Do not confuse with true Wood Betony (Pedicularis canadensis)), or Bishop's wort... The word stachys comes from the Greek, meaning "an ear of grain," and refers to the fact that the inflorescence is often a spike.

There is a street in Y Barri (Bro Morgannwg) called Dannog-y-coed (‘wood betonies’), on street maps as ‘Dannog y Coed’

7017_Stachys_officinalis_danhogen-y-coed_120925

(delwedd 7017) 

ETYMOLOGY: ‘toothed (plant)’ (from the toothed leaves growing at the base of the plant)

(dant = tooth) + (-og adjectival suffix) > *dantog > dannog (adjectives in -og applied to plants and animals were also used as nouns)

(*dantog = toothed plant) + (-en diminutive suffix)  > *dantogen > danhogen (nt > nh)
:_______________________________.

dani
<DAA-ni> [ˡdɑˑnɪ] prep
1
under her / it, from the preposition dan = under

2 “under it” – probably referring to an instrument of punishment – a stick, a cane, a whip, etc

Pwy sydd dani heddiw? Who’s in for it today? Who’s going to get it today? Who’s today’s victim?
Who's getting it in the neck today then?

:_______________________________.

Daniel <DAN-yel>
[ˡdanjɛl] (masculine noun)
1
Daniel

:_______________________________.

Dan-lan
<dan-LAN>
[danˡlan]
1
“Danlan Road”, “Danlan Park” street names in Pen-bre (county of Caerfyrddin) (in Welsh these would be Heol Dan-lan, Parc Dan-lan)

ETYMOLOGY: dan lan “below the hill” (dan= below) + (y definite article) + (lan = hill)
In place names, the linking definite article is often dropped Dan-y-lan > Dan-lan

:_______________________________.

dan lenni’r nos
<dan LE-nir NOOS>
[ˡdan ˡlɛnɪr ˡnoːs]
1
under cover of night

ETYMOLOGY: “under (the) curtains (of) the night”
(dan= under) + soft mutation + (llenni = curtains, plural of llen = curtain) + (y = the) + (nos = night)

:_______________________________.

dannedd <DA-nedh>
[ˡdanɛð] (plural noun)
1
teeth - plural of dant

:_______________________________.

dannodd <DA-nodh>
[ˡdanɔð] (f)

(col·loquial pronunciation)
1
toothache
y ddanodd
toothache

See dannoedd
:_______________________________.

dannoedd <DA-noidh>
[ˡdanɔɪð] (f)
1
toothache
y ddanoedd
toothache
Mae’r ddannoedd arna i I’ve got toothache (“the toothache is on me”)

Colloquially dannoedd > danno’dd / dannodd <DA-nodh>
[ˡdanɔð]

:_______________________________.

dan ni <da-ni>
[ˡdanɪ] (verb)
1
we are (North Wales)

:_______________________________.

dan rith
<dan-RIITH>
[ˡdan ˡriːθ]
1
in the guise of, disguised as

dan rith bugail disguised as a shepherd

ETYMOLOGY: ‘under (the) appearance (of)’

(dan= under) + soft mutation + (rhith = appearance)


:_______________________________.

dant, dannedd <DANT, DA-nedh>
[dant, ˡdanɛð] (masculine noun)
1
tooth

tynnu’r dŵr o’ch dannedd make your mouth water (“draw water / saliva from your teeth”)

Roedd arogleuon y madarch yn ffrïo yn tynnu dŵr o ’nannedd
The smell of the mushrooms frying was making my mouth water

2
gefel ddannedd (Dentistry) forceps
(“pincers (of) teeth”) (gefel = tongs) + soft mutation + (dannedd teeth, plural of dant = tooth)

:_______________________________.

danteithfwyd, danteithfwydydd <dan-TEITH-vuid, dan-teith-VUI-didh>
[danˡtəɪθvʊɪd, dantəɪθˡvʊɪdɪð] (masculine noun)
1
appetising morsel

:_______________________________.

Dan-twyn
<dan-TUIN>
[dan ˡtʊɪn]
1
“Dantwyn Road” street name in Pontarddulais (county of Abertawe) (in Welsh this would be Heol Dan-twyn )

ETYMOLOGY: dan twyn < dan y twyn “below the hill” (dan= below) + (y definite article) + (twyn = hill)
In place names, the linking definite article is often dropped Dan-y-twyn > Dan-twyn

:_______________________________.

dant y llew <dant ə LHEU>
[dant ə ˡɬɛʊ] (masculine noun)
1
dandelion (Yorkshire English: piss-bed)

:_______________________________.

dan un
<dan IIN>
[dan ˡiːn]
1
(North-east Wales) while you're at it, at the same time

Waeth iti brynu un i mi dan un
You may as well buy me one while you're at it

ETYMOLOGY: “while same” (dan = under, while) + (un = one, same)

:_______________________________.

Dan-y bryn <dan ə BRIN> [dan ə ˡbrɪn]
1
street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
 (spelt as “Dan y Bryn”). Curiousky, not far from here, by Heol Gwscwm, there is a street called “Tan-y-bryn”

ETYMOLOGY: dan y bryn “(the place) below the hill”

(dan = under, below) + (y definite article) + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

Danyderi
<dan ə DEE-ri> [ˌdan ə ˡdeˑrɪ]
1 Street name in
..a/ Aber-dâr Heol Danyderi (“Danyderi Street”)
..b/ Bromerthyr (Merthyr Vale) Rhestr Danyderi (“Danyderi Terrace”)
..c/ Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr Danyderi (“Dan y Deri”)
..d/ Y Fenni (county of Mynwy) Danyderi (“Dan y Deri”)

ETYMOLOGY: dan y deri “below the oak trees” (dan= below) + (y definite article) + (deri = oak trees, plural of dâr = oak tree)

:_______________________________.

dan y fwyell <dan ə VUI-elh>
[dan ə ˡvʊɪɛɬ]
1
(expenditure, services) under the axe, threatened with being restricted, (project) threatened with termination

ETYMOLOGY: ‘under the axe’ (dan= under, below) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (bwyell = axe)

:_______________________________.

Dan-y-graig <dan ə GRAIG>
[ˌdan ə ˡgraɪg]
1
district of Porth-cawl (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr), on the eastern side of the town

2
ST2390 district in the county of Caerffili north of the village of Pontymister, opposite Rhisga on the other side of the river Ebwy

3
SS6793 district of Abertawe, 2km to the east of the centre of Abertawe on the other side of the river Tawe, and west of the village of Port Tennant

4
street name
.....(1) Dan-y-graig Abertridwr (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan-y-Graig’)

.....(2) Dan-y-graig Graigyrhaca, Bedwas (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)

.....(3) Dan-y-graig Graigfelen, Clydach (county of Abertawe)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)

.....(4) Dan-y-graig Cwm-twrch Isaf SN7610 (county of Powys)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)

.....(5) Dan-y-graig Yr Ystrad (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)

.....(6) Dan-y-graig by Disgwylfa Fawr, Aberafan (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)

.....(7) Dan-y-graig Trelewis, Cwm Ogwr Fawr (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig’)

.....(8) Dan-y-graig Pant-mawr (Caer-dydd)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig’)

.....(9) Dan-y-graig Pontymister (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig’)

.....(10) Heol Dan-y-graig Pontymister (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig Road’)

.....(11) Rhestr Dan-y-graig Bryn-coch (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan-y-graig Terrace’)

.....(12) Rhestr Dan-y-graig Llanhari (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Terrace’)

.....(13) Heol Dan-y-graig Llanhari (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Road’)

.....(14) Dan-y-graig Pontlotyn (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan y Graig’)

.....(15) Heol Dan-y-graig Mynachlog-nedd (county of Castell-nedd as Aberafan)
(occurs in the form ‘Dan-y-Graig Road’)

.....(16) Coedlan Dan-y-graig Porth-cawl (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Avenue’)

.....(17) Cilgant Dan-y-graig Tonysguboriau (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Crescent’)

.....(18) Rhodfa Dan-y-graig Tonysguboriau (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Drive’)

.....(19) Bynglos Dan-y-graig Pontymister (county of Caerffili)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Bungalows’)

.....(20) Heol Dan-y-graig Trebannws (county of Abertawe)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Road’)

.....(21) Heol Dan-y-graig Dan-y-graig (county of Abertawe)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Road’)

.....(22) Rhestr Dan-y-graig Tonypandy (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Terrace’)

.....(23) Rhestr Dan-y-graig Ynys-hir (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(occurs in the form ‘Danygraig Terrace’)

ETYMOLOGY: dan y graig ‘below the crag / rock’
(dan= below) + (y definite article) + soft mutation + (craig = crag, rock)

:_______________________________.

dar- <DAR> prefix
[dar]
Causes soft mutation
1
prefix = intensifier (the action is more than that suggested by the original verb)

..a/ gostwng = lower, dar ostwng darostwng = to cause to submit, to dominate

..b/ gwydd (element meaning ‘knowledge’) > *dar wydd > derwydd = prophet (obsolete meaning), druid (modern meaning)

..c/ llith = reading, dar lith darlith = lecture

..d/ llun = picture, dar lun darlun = painting

..e/ pwyllo = consider, understand, dar bwyllo darbwyllo = convince

2
prefix; acts as a “softener” of the meaning of the verb to which it is attached (the action is less than that suggested by the original verb)

..a/ cysgu = to sleep, dar gysgu dargysgu = to sleep lightly

..b/ llosgi = to burn, dar losgi darlosgi = to singe, scorch

ETYMOLOGY: Celtic *do-are, corresponding to Welsh do (obsolete, = to), and ar (= facing)

:_______________________________.

dâr, PLURAL deri <DAAR, DEE-ri>
[dɑːr] [ˡdeˑrɪ] (feminine noun)
1
oak tree
y ddâr the oak tree

2
Rhiw’r-ddâr
[hrɪʊr ˡðɑːr]
Street name in Glan-y-llyn, Ffynnon-taf (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
rhiw’r ddâr (“(the) slope (of) the oak tree”)

3 Lôn y Deri street in Caerffili “(the) lane (of) the oak trees”, “oak lane”

See deri

:_______________________________.

da’r <DAAR>
[daːr]
1
This is a southern form of daear (= earth)

daear
> (monosyllabic form ) daer > daar

NOTE: Usually spelt (less correctly) dâr
A clearer indication of the correct informal pronunciation of this word would be daar
[daːr] , and däär [dæːr] to represent the south-eastern pronunciation, though these spellings with a duplicated vowel are not used outside this dictionary

 
See the entry aa / daar

:_______________________________.

darfelydd <dar-VEE-lidh>
[darˡveˑlɪð] masculine noun
1
(a literary word, now not in use) fancy, imagination

ETYMOLOGY:
..a/ (dar- = intensifying prefix ) + (fel = like) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent).

..b/ Or the middle element is mal
dar- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutaiton + (mal = like) + (-ydd)
> dar-fál-ydd with the change a > e before a “y” in the final syllable, a change typical in Welsh

The first example of darfelydd is to be found in William Owen Pughe's “Dictionary of the Welsh Language” (1794 onwards), and so is very likely to be one of his numerous neologisms

:_______________________________.

darfod <DAR-vod>
[ˡdarvɔd] (verb)
1
end, cease

Ar ôl gweld a gwynto’r cawl yn y crochan darfyddodd ein chwant bwyd
After seeing and smelling the soup in the cooking pot our hunger went away
:_______________________________.

darganfod <dar-GAN-vod>
[darˡganvɔd] (verb)
1
discover

:_______________________________.

dargludydd <dar-GLII-didh> [
darˡgliˑdɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL dargludyddion <dar-glid-
ƏDH-yon> [darglɪdˡəðjɔn]
1
carrier, a thing which carries

2 dargludydd mellt, dargludyddion mellt lightning conductor

“carrier (of) lightning flashes”

3 lled-ddargludydd semiconductor


ETYMOLOGY: (darglud-, stem of dargludo = to carry) + (-ydd = agent suffix)
:_______________________________.

darladd <DAR-ladh> [
ˡdarlað] verb
1
(South Wales) half-kill, give a real hiding to, etc
See darnladd

:_______________________________.

dar-ladd <dar-LAADH> [
darˡlɑːð] verb
1
(South Wales) half-kill, give a real hiding to, etc
See darnladd

:_______________________________.

darlith, darlithiau / darlithoedd <DAR-lith, dar-LITH-yai, ye- / dar-LII-thoidh, -odh> [
ˡdarlɪθ], [darˡlɪθjaɪ, darˡlɪθjɛ; darˡliˑθɔɪð, darˡliˑθɔð] (feminine noun)
1
lecture
y ddarlith the lecture

:_______________________________.

darlithio <dar-LITH-yo> [
darˡlɪθjɔ] (verb)
1
to lecture

:_______________________________.

darlledu <dar-LHEE-di> [
darˡɬeˑdɪ] (verb)
1
(radio, TV programs) to broadcast

:_______________________________.

darllen <DAR-lhen> [
ˡdarɬɛn] (verb)
1
to read
darllenais i <dar-LHE-nais-i> [
darˡɬeˑnaɪsɪ] I read (preterite tense)
darllenes i <dar-LHE-nes-i> [
darˡɬeˑnɛsɪ] I read (preterite tense) (colloquial)

2
darllen (rhywbeth) drwyddo read (something) in its entirety, read all of (something)
darllen (rhywbeth) o’i gwr read (something) in its entirety, read all of (something)

3 darllen y Ddeddf Derfysg read the Riot Act = give a severe warning that a certain activity must not continue; to reprimand forcefully.

From the Riot Act in force in the English state from 1715-1973, which required meetings of more than 12 people to disperse within an hour of the relevant part of the act being read to them “Our Sovereign Lord the King chargeth and commandeth all persons being assembled immediately to disperse themselves, and peaceably to depart to their habitations or to their lawful business, upon the pains contained in the act made in the first year of King George for preventing tumultuous and riotous assemblies. God save the King.”

:_______________________________.

darllengar <dar-LHEN-gar> [
darˡɬɛngar] (adjective)
1
fond of reading

:_______________________________.

darllenwr <dar-LHEE-nur> [
darˡɬeˑnʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL darllenwyr <dar-LHEN-wir> [
darˡɬɛnwɪr]
1
reader = person who reads

Nadolig Llawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda i’n Darllenwyr
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to our Readers

ddarllenwr hoff dear reader (author addressing the reader of his work) (the soft mutation at the beginning of the phrase (darllenwr > ddarllenwr) indicates a vocative use)

2
reader = person who likes reading
Waeth i mi gyfaddef na fûm i erioed yn ddarllenwr mawr
I have to confess / I may as well admit I’ve never been a great reader

ETYMOLOGY: (darllen-, stem of darllen = to read) + (-wr = ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

darllenydd
<dar-LHEE-nidh> [
darˡɬeˑnɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL darllenwyr
<dar-LHEN–wir> [darˡɬɛnwɪr]
1
reader = person who is reading a book or newspaper

2
reader = person who regularly reads a newspaper
papur wythnosol â chwe mil o ddarllenwyr a weekly with a readership of six thousand, with six thousand readers

3
darllenydd proof reader
darllenydd profion proof reader

4
reader = lecturer in a university, ranking between a senior lecturer and a professor
Darllenydd mewn Almaeneg ym Mhrifysgol Cymru Aberystwyth

a Reader in German at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth

5 reader = device for reading
darllenydd côd bar barcode reader

ETYMOLOGY: (darllen-, stem of darllen = to read) + (-ydd noun suffix for indicating a device or an agent)

:_______________________________.

darlun, darluniau <DAR-lin, dar-LIN-yai, -ye> [
ˡdarlɪn] [darˡlɪnjaɪ, darˡlɪnjɛ] (masculine noun)
1
picture

cael darlun cyflawn o’u hanghenion to get a full picture of their needs
cael darlun cytbwys o
get a balanced view of

Mae'n anodd cael darlun clir am faint o bobl anabl sydd yn y DG
It’s hard to get a clear picture of how may disabled people there are in the UK

:_______________________________.

darlunaidd <dar-LII-naidh, -nedh> [
darˡliˑnaɪð, darˡliˑnɛð] adjective
1 picturesque
Also: darluniaidd <dar-LIN-yaidh, yedh> [
darˡlɪnjaɪð, darˡlɪnjɛð]

ETYMOLOGY: (darlun = picture) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

darlundy <dar-LIN-di> [
darˡlɪndɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL darlundai <dar-LIN-dai> [
darˡlɪndaɪ]
1 (formerly in occasional use as a literary word) picture house = cinema

ETYMOLOGY: (darlun = picture) + soft mutation + ( = house)

:_______________________________.

darluniad <dar-LIN-yad> [
darˡlɪnjad] masculine noun
PLURAL darluniadau <dar-lin-YAA–dai, -de> [
darlɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, darlɪnˡjɑˑdɛ]
1 portrayal, picture, illustration

ETYMOLOGY: (darlun- stem of darlunio = to draw, to illustrate, to portray) + (-i-ad noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

darluniadol <dar-lin-YAA-dol> [
darlɪnˡjɑˑdɔl] adjective
1 pictorial, illustrated

ETYMOLOGY: (darluniad = portrayal, picture, illustration ) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

darluniaidd <dar-LIN-yaidh, -yedh> [
darˡlɪnjaɪð, darˡlɪnjɛð] adjective
1 picturesque
Also: darlunaidd

ETYMOLOGY: (darlun = picture) + (-i-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

darn <DARN> [
darn] masculine noun
PLURAL darnau <DAR-nai, -ne> [
ˡdarnaɪ, ˡdarnɛ]
Diminutive form: dernyn <DER-nin> [
ˡdɛrnɪn]

1 piece = a fragment, a bit broken off, detached piece, part of a whole

torri yn ddarnau break into pieces

rhwygo yn ddarnau rip up, rip to bits, tear up, tear to bits

cafodd y papur newydd ei rwygo yn ddarnau gan y siaradwr ar y llwyfan am ei fod yn wrth-Gymreig o glawr i glawr
the newspaper was ripped up by the speaker on the stage because it was anti-Welsh from cover to cover

dernyn tenau o bren a thin piece of wood

disgyn fel dernyn o blwm fall like a lump of lead

2 piece broken off and used as a missile
darn bric piece of brick, brickbat, piece of brick used as a missile

3
part = component for assembly
darn sbâr spare part
darnau peiriant parts of a machine
datod yn ddarnau take to pieces
tynnu yn ddarnau take to pieces

4
part = detached part of a whole as an example, sample

5
undarn one-piece
siwt undarn one-piece suit = bathing costume as a single garment

6
deuddarn two-piece
siwt ddeudarn lady’s two-piece suit (jacket, skirt)

7
tridarn three-piece
siwt dridarn three-piece suit (jacket, waistcoat, trousers)
swît dridarn three-piece suite (two armchairs and a sofà)
cwpwrdd tridarn three-tiered cupboard

8
piece = limited amount of a larger object
darn o dir piece of land

dernyn o dir a small piece of land

9
piece = portion of something to be divided up to be eaten
darn o siocled piece of chocolate
darn o gig piece of meat

10
stretch (of a road or river), portion, part
Mae’r darn yma o hewl yn enbydus tu hwnt This stretch of road is exceedingly dangerous

11
piece, component = individual part of a collection or set

set o lestri te ugain darn twenty-piece tea set ("set of dishes (of) tea (of) twenty piece")
Mae amgueddfa yn yr Unol Daleithiau wedi cynnig am y casgliad o grochenwaith ond bwriada’r Amgueddfa Genedlaethol wario yn agos i gan mil o bunnau er mwyn sicrhau y byddai rhai o’r darnau o leiaf yn aros yng Nghymru
A museum in the United States has made a bid for the collection of pottery but the National Museum intends to spend almost a hundred thousand pounds to make sure that at least some of the pieces stay in Wales

12 part of something viewed as a mass

darn o ddillad piece of clothing, item of clothing, garment

pob dernyn o ddillad
every single item of clothing

12 piece = counter or piece of wood or plastic used in board games to represent a player

13
piece = figure in a chess set, draughts set; chessman, draughts counter
darn mawr (chess) a piece which isn’t a pawn (‘big piece’)

14
yn un darn in one piece, safe and sound, unharmed

15
darn arian coin
dernyn arian coin
darn arian silver coin, darnau arian silver coins
darn aur gold coin, darnau aur gold coins
darn dwy two-pence coin
darn pump five-pence coin
darn deg ten-pence coin
darn ugain twenty-pence coin
darn hanner cant fifty-pence coin

dernyn tair threepenny bit, “thrupenny bit / threp’ny bit”; pre-decimal (1971) twelve-sided coin

7011_tair_ceiniog_wikipedia_081028

(delwedd 7011)

16 North Wales a bit = a small amount; a bit more

-Fynni di chwaneg o de? -Rho imi ddarn ta
-Do you want some more tea? -Give me a bit (more) then

17
darn gwlad part of the country, area, district, territory, zone with a separate identity
ddim yn y darn gwlad ’ma
not in this part of the world

18
instalment, part, booklet, fascicule (part of a book published in segments)

19
passage = piece of prose from a book, part of a text, bit
Un bore darllenais y ‘Gibraltar Chronicle’ a gweld ynddo ddarn yn Gymraeg
One day I read the ‘Gibraltar Chronicle’ and I saw a bit in Welsh

20
passage = part of a musical composition

21
piece of music, song
Gofynnodd i ni ganu y dernyn buddugol
He asked me to sing the winning song

22
darnau pieces, items = poems, anecdotes, jokes, short songs, etc
Darnau Diddan, John O. John, 1953, Gwasg y Brython
(book title) Amusing Pieces, (author) John O John, 1953, The Briton Press

24
bob darn (adverb) every piece, every last bit
Mae’r gath wedi byta’r cig ’na bob darn
The cat’s eaten every little bit of that meat

25
y darn syth olaf the home stretch, the home straight = the final stretch on a racetrack, from the last bend to the winning post

26 (north-east) penis

27 patch = small part different from the whole
darn o awyr las a patch of blue sky

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From the same British root: Cornish darn (= piece), Breton darn (= piece; type),

:_______________________________.

darnladd <DARN-ladd>
[ˡdarnladd] verb
1
half-kill, beat somebody to within an inch of death, give a real belting to, give a real hiding to, to throttle, etc

Eisie ’i ddar-ladd sy ar y ci ddiawl ’na I’ll throttle that bloody dog! (“(it is) (the) need (of) its half-killing that is on that dog (of) devil”)

Mi’i darladda i e! I’ll throttle him!

2
cael ei ddarnladd (of fierce criticism) be slated, be torn to pieces

ETYMOLOGY: darn ladd (darn = part) + soft mutation + (lladd = to kill)

NOTE: Colloquially with the loss of the ‘n’ - dar-ladd <dar-LAADH>
[darˡlɑːð], darladd <DAR-ladh> [ˡdarlað], dyrladd <DƏR-ladh> [ˡdərlað]

Cf the Cambrian English expression, possibly a rough translation of darnladd - "I'll ’alf murder you if I get my hands on you!". (www. talktidy.com)

:_______________________________.

darogan ("d’rogan") <da-ROO-gan, DROO-gan>
[daˡroˑgan, ˡdroˑgan] (verb)
1
(North Wales) predict

:_______________________________.

darostwng <da-RO-stung>
[daˡrɔstʊŋ] (verb)
1
to cause to submit, to dominate

:_______________________________.

darpar 1 <DAR-par>
[ˡdarpar] masculine noun
PLURAL darparoedd <dar-PAA-roidh, -rodh>
[darˡpɑˑrɔɪð, -ɔð]
1
obsolete material

ETYMOLOGY: darpar, word formed from the verb darparu (qv)
From the same British root:

Cornish darbar (= preparation, equipment). The word ‘darbar’ with this meaning is also found in the English dialect of Cornwall.

Breton darbar (= preparation; administrative measure)

:_______________________________.

darpar 2 <DAR-par>
[ˡdarpar] verb
alternative form of darparu = to provide

:_______________________________.

darpar 3 <DAR-par>
[ˡdarpar] prefix (cases soft mutation of a following consonant)
1
designate, elected, chosen, prospective, ‘to be’

gŵr husband;
darpar ŵr fiancé, husband to-be

gwraig wife;
darpar wraig fiancée, bride to-be

maer mayor;
darpar faer mayor elect

esgob bishop;
darpar esgob bishop elect

ymgeisydd candidate (for election as a member of parliament);
darpar ymgeisydd prospective candidate, a person who hopes to be a political party’s candidate in an election

2
intended, trainee; referring to a person receiving instruction (to be a minister, etc)
gweinidog minister;
darpar weinidog trainee minister

3
about to become, ‘to be’
mam mother;
darpar fam expectant mother, mother-to-be

4
draft = outline or sketch of something
llunio darpar Gyfansoddiad ar gyfer y Gymdeithas Hanes
to draw up a draft constitution for the History Society

5
prospective
darpar brynwr prospective buyer, customer who might be interested in buying goods or services

ETYMOLOGY: See darpar 1

:_______________________________.

darparu <dar-PAA-ri>
[darˡpɑˑrɪ]
verb with an object
1
supply, provide

Gorfodid gwyr Ergyn, pan fyddai galw, i ddarpar i Frenin Lloegr 50 o wyr i’w wasanaethu am bymtheng niwrnod ar eu traul ei hun pan yr ymwelai â Chymru
The men of Ergyn ("Archenfield"), when the need arose, were obliged to provide the King of England with 50 men to serve him at their own expense when he visited Wales

darparu ar gyfer make provision for, cater for

Yr oedd y gymdeithas gydfuddiannol i ddarpar ar gyfer eu hangenrheidiau
The mutual benefit society was supposed to cater for their needs

2
get ready, prepare
Cynigiodd iddo goleg yn rhad ac am ddim yn y Rhyl i ddarparu ei hunan ar gyfer y weinidogaeth

He offered him a place at college in Rhyl free of charge to prepare himself for the ministry

3
(food, meal) get ready, prepare; provide, serve
Fe aeth i’r gegin fawr, lle yr oedd pryd o fwyd blasus wedi ei ddarpar
He went to the main kitchen, where a delicious meal had been prepared

Darperir bwyd cartref drwy’r dydd
Home-made food served throughout the day

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh darparu < *darparu (dar- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (*par) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

(1) The compound darpar- was probably formed in British (*do + are + par) rather than in Welsh
(2) The element par < Indo-European kwer- (= to make)
(3) The influence of peri = to cause, paratói = to prepare, has caused the change b > p
(4) From the same British root: Cornish darbari = to prepare, to provide; Breton darbar or darbariñ = to serve, act as assistant

NOTE: an alternative form of the infinitive darparu is darpar <dar-par>

:_______________________________.

darparwr <dar-PAA-rur>
[darˡpɑˑrʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL darparwyr <dar-PAR-wir>
[darˡparwɪr]

1
supplier, purveyor
William Lloyd Williams a’i Fab, Darparwyr Cig o Safon Uchel
William Lloyd Williams and Son, Suppliers of Top-Quality Meat

ETYMOLOGY: (darpar-, stem of darparu = to supply) + (-wr suffix for forming nouns, indicates the agent, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

darran <DA-ran>
[ˡdaran] feminne noun
1
south-eastern form of darren, which is the soft-mutated form of tarren (= mountainside, hill slope)

In south-eastern Welsh an <e>
[ɛ] in the final syllable becomes <a> [a]. See tarren

:_______________________________.

darren <DA-ren>
[ˡdarɛn] feminine noun
1
soft mutation of tarren (qv) (= mountainside, hill slope)

See tarren

:_______________________________.

Darren
Boy’s name. Seems to have become popular in Wales and England c1970. No connection with the Welsh word darren (see above).

From English, apparently from the name of a TV actor or TV character in programmes imported from the USA (James Darren, born 1936, singer and actor?).

Similarly Craig - although found as a first name in Wales, again dating from c1970, this has no (direct) connection with the Welsh word craig (= rock, cliff)

(Possibly from English singer Craig Douglas, born Terry Perkins 12/08/1941)

:_______________________________.

Y Darren Ddu <ə DA-ren DHII>
[ə ˡdarɛn ˡðiː] feminine noun
1
SH8920 hillside in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd) (North-west Wales)

2
SO1505 hillside in the county of Blaenau Gwent (South-east Wales)

ETYMOLOGY: “the black slope” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren = slope) + soft mutation + (du = black)

:_______________________________.

Y Darren Fach <ə DA-ren VAAKH>
[ə ˡdarɛn ˡvɑːx] feminine noun
1
SJ0210 hillside in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: “the little slope” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren = slope) + soft mutation + (bach = little)

:_______________________________.

Y Darren Fawr <ə DA-ren VAUR>
[ə ˡdarɛn ˡvaʊr] feminine noun
1
SJ 0816 hillside in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: “the big slope” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren = slope) + soft mutation + (mawr = big)

:_______________________________.

Y Darren Felen <ə DA-ren VEE-len>
[ə ˡdarɛn ˡveˑlɛn] feminine noun
1
SJ2212 hillside in the county of Blaenau Gwent

ETYMOLOGY: “the yellow slope” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren = slope) + soft mutation + (melen, feminine form of melyn = yellow)

:_______________________________.

Y Darren-las <ə DA-ren LAAS>
[ə ˡdarɛn ˡlɑːs] feminine noun
1
locality in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf (South-east Wales)
(1961) population: 2,325, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 18%
(1971) population: 4,270, proportion of Welsh-speakers: 9%

ETYMOLOGY: “the green slope” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren = slope) + soft mutation + (glas = green)

:_______________________________.

Y Darren Lwyd <ə-DA-ren LUID>
[ə ˡdarɛn ˡlʊɪd] feminine noun
1
SJ2333 hillside in the district of Brycheiniog (county of Powys)

ETYMOLOGY: “the grey slope” (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (tarren = slope) + soft mutation + (llwyd = gris)

:_______________________________.

Y Darren Widdon <ə da-ren WII-dhon>
[ə darɛn ˡwiˑðɔn] (feminine noun)
1
place name - the slope of the (male) witch

:_______________________________.

daslo <DA-slo> [ˡdaslɔ] v

1 (dialect) dazzle 
 
The Treatment of English Borrowed Words in Colloquial Welsh / Thomas Powel  / Y Cymmrodor Vol. VI 1883. / p133 
 
The following paper is an attempt to give a general account 
of the use and treatment of English words in the colloquial 
Welsh of the present day. Most of the statements here made 
are applicable to the whole of Welsh-speaking Wales; but 
the paper treats more particularly of the dialect spoken, with 
slight variations, in the Counties of Brecon, Caermarthen, 
and the greater part of Cardigan. 
 
 
Z. This letter is not known to Welsh, and in borrowed words 
it becomes s. Sêl (zeal), dăslo (dazzle), pyslo (puzzle), ráser 

(razor), etc

 
 
 


:_______________________________.

dat-
<DAT>
[dat]
prefix
1
form of the prefix dad-

a) before b (soft mutation of p),
< datblygu (= develop)
< dad-blygu
< dad- + plygu (= fold)

b) before g (soft mutation of c)
...datguddio (= reveal)
< dad-guddio
< dad- + cuddio (= hide)

c) before dd (soft mutation of d)
...datod (= undo)
< dad-ddod
< dad- + dod- (= put), as in South Wakes dodi = (to put)

d) before r (soft mutation of rh),
...datrannu (= dissect)
< dad-rannu
< dad- + rhannu (= divide)

e) before s
...datseinio (= reverberate)
< dad-seinio
< dad- + seinio (= to sound)

f) before chw
...datchwyddiant (= deflation)
< dad-chwyddiant
< dad- + chwyddiant (= inflation)

:_______________________________.

data <DA-ta>
[ˡdata] m
1 data
data rhifol numerical data

ETYMOLOGY: English data < Latin data, plural of datum (“things given”) < dar (= to give)
:_______________________________.

datberchnogi <dat-berkh-NOO-gi>
[datbɛrxˡnoˑgɪ] verb
1
expropriate = (government of a state or a local administration) take property by legal means from an owner, with or without compensation

ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (perchennog = owner) + (-i, suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

datblygu <dat-BLƏ-gi>
[datˡbləgɪ] (verb)
1
develop

:_______________________________.

datblygwr, datblygwyr <dat-BLƏ-gur dat-BLƏG-wir>
[datˡbləgʊr,datˡbləgwɪr] (masculine noun)
1
developer (= constructor of houses, factories)

:_______________________________.

datgan <DAT-gan>
[ˡdatgan] (verb)
1
declare
2
datgan barn ar (rywbeth) voice an opinion about (something)

:_______________________________.

datganiad, datganiadau <dat-GAN-yad, dat-gan-YAA-dai, e>
[datˡganjad, datganˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
declaration, statement
2
datganiad ar lw sworn statement (“statement on oath”)

:_______________________________.

datganoli <dat-ga-NOO-li>
[datgaˡnoˑlɪ] verb
1
decentralise = move power away from centre

as a masculine noun:
2
decentralisation = the act of moving power away from the centre

3
(Wales) decentralisation, move powers which affect Wales from the English administration in London to administrative structures in Wales coordinated by a Welsh parliament

ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (canoli = to centralise); dad-ganoli > datganoli

:_______________________________.

datganoliad <dat-ga-NOL-yad>
[datgaˡnɔljad] m
1
decentralisation, taking of power away from the centre

ETYMOLOGY: (datganol-, stem of datganoli = decentralise) + (-iad, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

datganolwr <dat-ga-NOO-lur>
[datgaˡnoˑlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL datganolwyr <dat-ga-NOL-wir>
[datgaˡnɔlwɪr]

1
devolutionist = person who believes that political power should be decentralised

2
devolutionist = (Wales) person who supports the principle of transferring powers from the English administration in London to administrative structures in Wales

ETYMOLOGY: (datganol-, stem of datganoli = decentralise) + (-wr, ‘man’)

:_______________________________.

datgelu <dat-GEE-li>
[datˡgeˑlɪ] (verb)
1
to reveal
datgelu cyfrinach (i rywun) reveal a secret (to someone), let (someone) into a secret

ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (celu = to hide); dad-gelu > datgelu
:_______________________________.

datgymalu <dat-gə-MAA-li>
[datgəˡmɑˑlɪ] verb
1
dismember, dismantle, take apart
datgymalu’r Undeb Prydeinig dismember the United Kingdom

2
dismantle a railway line, take up a railway line
Mae’r lein o’r Bala i Flaenau Ffestiniog wedi ei datgymalu ers blynyddoedd
The line from Bala to Blaenau Ffestiniog was taken up years ago

ETYMOLOGY: (dad-) + soft mutation + (cymal = joint) + (-u = suffix to form verbs) > dad-gymalu > datgymalu

:_______________________________.

da ti <DAA-ti>
[ˡdɑˑtɪ]
1
for goodness' sake, for your own sake
Bydd yn dawel, da ti! Be quiet, for goodness’ sake!

ETYMOLOGY: (da = good) + (ti = you)
Cf da chi

:_______________________________.

da’th <DAATH>
[ˡdɑːθ]
1 southern form of daeth (= she / he came)
Usually spelt (less correctly) dâth
See aa / daath

:_______________________________.

dathlu <DATH-li>
[ˡdaθlɪ] verb
1 (verb with an object) / (verb without an object) celebrate

2 dathlu’ch pen-blwydd celebrate your birthday

Ddoe bu’n dathlu ei ben-blwydd yn bedair ar hugain oed
Yesterday he celebrated his twenty-fourth birthday

dathlu’ch canrif celebrate your hundredth birthday (“celebrate your century”)

Post Prynhawn yn dathlu'r pymtheg
(Cymro 10 11 93) (The programme called) ‘Afternoon Post’ celebrates its fifteenth birthday (“celebrates the fifteen”)

3 dathlu buddugoliaeth celebrate a victory
Mae’r rhieni sy wedi bod yn galw am ysgol Gymraeg newydd yn y cylch yn dathlu buddugoliaeth
The parents who have been calling for a new Welsh-language school in the area celebrate victory

ETYMOLOGY: “To celebrate, to extol”. Word coined by William Owen Pugh 1794 from an obsolete adjective dathl
(dathl = famous) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
7616_owen_pugh_dathlu_100320
(delwedd 7616)
7615_owen_pugh_100320
(delwedd 7615)

:_______________________________.

dathlwr <DATH-lur>
[ˡdaθlʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL dathlwyr <DATHL-wir>
[ˡdaθlwɪr]
1 celebrator, reveller

ETYMOLOGY: (dathl-, stem of dathlu = celebrate) + (-wr)

NOTE: Literary word. Colloquially a reveller is rafiwr (“raver”)

:_______________________________.

datod <DA-tod>
[ˡdatɔd] (verb)
1
unfasten, undo (button)
Datododd fotwm uchaf ei grys He undid the top button of his shirt
Datododd Jones dri botwm ar ei gôt làs
Jones undid three buttons on his lace coat
(Proffedigaethau Enoc Huws (1891) / Daniel Owen (1836-1895)

2 untie, undo, unfasten (shoelace)

3 pick (a lock)
datod clo pick a lock

4 untie (a knot)
datod cwlwm untie a knot
datod llinyn untie a string

5
solve (a mystery)
datod dirgelwch solve a mystery

ETYMOLOGY: (dad- = negative prefix) + soft mutation + (dod, verbnoun, usually with the terminiation –i, dodi = to put) > dád-ddod > (the combination d-dd becomes t) datod

:_______________________________.

datrys <DA-tris>
[ˡdatrɪs] (verb)
1
solve

:_______________________________.

dau <DAI>
[dɔɪ] (numeral) (masculine form)
1
two (the feminine form is dwy); as a prefixed form, dau > deu-

There is soft mutation after dau
peth, dau beth
thing, two things
ci bach, dau gi bach puppy, two puppies

There is soft mutation of dau after the definite article y
y ddau gar the two cars, both cars
Mae’r ddau’n iawn Both (of them) are right

2
dau gymaint
<dai GƏ-mint>
[daɪ ˡgəmɪnt] (masculine noun) twice as much

3
mewn dau at the second attempt (“in two (attempts)”) (mewn = in) + (dau = two)

4 Formerly used in dual forms for body parts – survives in dwylo hands (= dwy law “two hands” < llaw = hand), and dwyffroen nostrils ( = dwy ffroen “two nostrils” < ffroen = nostril)
Obsolete forms are
dwyglust ears (= dwy glust “two ears” < clust = ear),
deulin knees (= dau glin “two knees” < glin = knee),
dwydroed (= dwy droed” < troed = foot),
deudroed (= dau droed < troed = foot),
5 (South Wales) doubt (ie dau beth - two things)
Colloquially dou <DOI>
[ˡdaɪ, -ɛ]
does dim dou fod... there's no doubt that, no question that, it's certain that
does dim dou nad... there's no doubt that ... not....
Does dim dou ar y cwestiwn There's no doubt about the matter

:_______________________________.

Daugleddau <dai-GLE-dhai, -e>
[daɪ ˡglɛðaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
old territory of the South-west (“the two Cleddau rivers”)
(dau = two) + soft mutation + (Cleddau, river name = sword)

:_______________________________.

daw <DAU>
[daʊ] (verb)
1
will come / comes

2
Daw pethau’n well
Things will get better, Things will work out

Daw ei dro i bawb
Every dog has his day (see entry below)

Daw’r gwir ar glawr
The truth will reveal itself (“the truth will come into view”)

Daw tawelwch ar ôl storm
There comes a calm after a storm

pan ddaw hi’n heddwch
when there’s peace once more, when the war is over

3
a ddaw which will come, which comes
ryw ddydd a ddaw one of these days, someday (“some day that will come”)
(soft mutation of the initial consonant in an adverbial phrase)

4 ni ddaw will not come / doesn’t come; colloquially simply ddaw

Ddaw e byth i sgidiau ei dad He’ll never be anything like his father, He’ll never be of the same stature as his father (“he’ll never come into his father’s shoes”)

Ddaw e ddim i ddiwedd da (said of someone whose behaviour is bad) He’ll come to a bad end (“he won’t come to a good end”)

Helynt ni ddaw ei hunan It never rains but it pours (“trouble it doesn’t come by itself”)

Ni ddaw i neb ddoe yn ôl You can’t undo the past, what’s done is done (“yesterday won’t come back to anybody”)

:_______________________________.

Daw ei dro i bawb <dau i DROO i BAUB>
[daʊ ɪ ˡdroː ɪ ˡbaʊb]
1
Every dog has his day (a kind of reassurance – that the success which eludes somebody will come eventually)

ETYMOLOGY: (“will-come his turn to everyone”) (daw = will come) = (ei = his) + soft mutation + (tro = turn) + (i = to) + soft mutation + (pawb = everybody)

:_______________________________.

dawn, doniau <DAUN, DON-yai, -ye>
[ˡdaʊn, ˡdɔnjaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
talent
y ddawn the talent

2
di-ddawn talentless
(di-, negative prefix) + soft mutation + (dawn = talent)

3 dawn Môn (qv) '(the) talent (of) Môn' - the island was once famed for the ability of its preachers

4 Dawn, Missouri once had a Welsh community in the late 1800s.

Query: Is the name of the town from Welsh “dawn”? (Although this is unlikely, and it is probably English dawn = daybreak)
:_______________________________.

dáwnbilou, dáunbilous <DAUN-bi-lou, DAUN-bi-louz>
[ˡdaʊnbɪlɔʊ, ˡdaʊnbɪlɔʊz]

 (masculine noun)
1
downbelow - inhabitant of South Penfro

:_______________________________.

dawns <DAUNS>
[daʊns] feminine noun
PLURAL dawnsiau <DAUNS-yai, -ye>
[ˡdaʊnsjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
dance
y ddawns the dance

2
Y Ddawns Flodau ("the dance (of) flowers") the floral dance - part of the ceremony of the Gorsedd of Bards (Gorsedd y Beirdd)

3
twmpath dawns ("mound (of) dance") (i) dance mound, dancing green (ii) folk dance (= event where people do folk dances)

4
band dawns dance band ("band (of) dance")

5
stiwdio dawns ("studio (of) dance") dance studio, place giving dancing lessons

6
tapddawns tapdance, a dance in tapped shoes (tap) + soft mutation + (dawns"), a literal translation of the English word

7
tynnu rhywun trwy’r ddawns lead someone a merry dance, cause someone to spend time on a series of pointless or unnecessary matters ("pull someone through the dance")

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < medieval English daunce < Old French dancier, from a German root

:_______________________________.

dawnsio <DAUNS-yo>
[ˡdaʊnsjɔ] verb-noun
verb without an object:

1
dance = move with deliberate steps to music
Dyna ddawnsio y buon ni! How we danced! (“there’s dancing we have been doing!”)

2
dawnsio ar ôl pob ffliwt to dance to every fiddle, to change one’s views or standpoint constantly ("dance after every flute")

3
walk in an animated fashion, as if dancing;
Dyma dair croten yn dawnsio
i mewn i’r siop Three little girls danced into the shop

4
(cloud of insects) dance
gwybed yn dawnsio ar wyneb y llyn gnats dancing on the surface of the lake

5
move around in anger, as if doing a sort of dance

Roedd yn dawnsio o gwmpas ac yn gweiddi’n wyllt ar dop ei lais
He was dancing around and shouting at the top of his voice

6
dawnsio neuadd ballroom dancing ("dancing (of) hall")

7
(heart) dance, beat quickly through excitement

8
tapddawnsio to tapdance, to dance in tapped shoes so that when the metal taps strike the floor an audible rapid rhythm is created

9
llawr dawnsio ("floor (of) dancing") dance floor, place in a restaurant, discotheque, etc where people can dance

verb with an object:
10 dance (a named dance) dawnsio rhyw fath o bolca dance a kind of polka

11
neuadd ddawnsio dance hall

ETYMOLOGY: (dawns = a dance) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE; variants of dawnsio are downsio, downso; dowsio

:_______________________________.

dawnsiwr <DAUNS-yur>
[ˡdaʊnsjʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL dawnswyr <DAUNS-wir>
[ˡdaʊnswɪr]
1
dancer = a person who dances

2
dancer = member of a folk dance group;

bydd dawnswyr o Ynys Manaw yn perfformio mewn gwahanol fannau o’r Brifddinas
dancers from the Isle of Man will be performing in different parts of the capital

4
dancer = a person who dances as a profession

5
tapddawnsiwr tapdancer

6
dawnsiwr gwerin folk dancer

7
dawnswraig fale, plural dawnswragedd bale ballet dancer

ETYMOLOGY: (dawnsi-, stem of dawnsio = to dance) + (-wr)

NOTE: a female dancer is dawnswraig <DAUNS-
uraig> [ˡdaʊnsraɪg] , plural dawnswragedd <dauns-uRAA-gedh> [daʊnsˡwrɑˑgɛð]

:_______________________________.

dawns werin <dauns-WEE-rin>
[daʊns ˡweˑrɪn] feminine noun
PLURAL dawnsiau gwerin <DAUNS-yai, -ye, GWEE-rin>
[ˡdaʊnsjaɪ, -jɛ ˡgweˑrɪn]
1
folk dance

:_______________________________.

dawo <DAU-o>
[ˡdaʊɔ]
1 soft-mutated form of tawo
calla dawo best not to mention it, the least said the better < y callaf a dawo “(it-is) the wisest that might-keep-silent”
(y definite article) + (callaf, superlative form of call = wise) + (a relative pronoun, who, that) + soft mutation + (tawo he might keep silent, third person singular subjunctive of tewi = to keep silent, to become silent)

:_______________________________.

D.C. <dee EK>
[deː ˡɛk]
1
abbreviation of De Cymru (South Wales)

Mehefin 7fed {1897}, yn nhy ei ferch, Mrs. Mary Edmunds, bu farw Mr. John A. Jones yn 68 mlwydd oed. Genedigol ydoedd o Ddowlais, D.C.... Claddwyd ef Meh. 9fed, yn nghladdfa Middlesex, Pa. {= Pennsylfania}
(Y Teulu 25 06 1897)
On the seventh of June 1897, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Mary Edmunds, Mr. John A. Jones died at the age of 68. He was born in Dowlais, South Wales... He was buried on the ninth of June in Middlesex (Pennsylvania) cemetery

:_______________________________.

DD, dd <EDH>
[ɛð] feminine noun
1
) sixth letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
..1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5
d, 6 dd 7 e, 8 f, 9 ff, 10 g, 11 ng, 12 h, 13 i, 14 j, 15 l, 16 ll, 17 m, 18 n, 19 o, 20 p, 21 ph, 22 r, 23 rh, 24 s, 25 t, 26 th, 27 u, 28 w, 29 y

:_______________________________.

dd
FINAL DD
1
loss of final dd

..a/ forms without dd which are now standard
..1/ ceni (you sing, thou singeth) < ceny < cenydd

..2/ Dewi (= David, Saint David) < Dewy < Dewydd

..3/ dimai (= halfpenny) < dimei < dimeidd

..4/ Ebwy < Ebwydd, (apparently meaning “swift, rapid”)

..5/ gweili (= without a load, empty - referring to a horse or railway train) < gweily < gweilydd

..6/ heno (= tonight) < henodd

..7/ i fyny (= up) < i fynydd (literally ‘to mountain’; the form with dd survives dialectically in the south-east)

..8/ Maw (river name) < Mawdd (the river is now Mawddach, but Maw is found in the town name Abérmaw, colloquially Y Bermo "Barmouth")

..9/ ohono (= from him) < ohonodd

..b/ forms without final dd in colloquial Welsh

..1/ sy < sydd (= which is, which are) (general, throughout Wales)

..2/ glana chwerthin (North-west Wales); die laughing;
glana < g’lanadd < gelanedd < gelanedd < celanedd (= corpses)

..3/ gwrthglaw < gwrthglawdd (North-west Wales); (= dike, embankment to protect a field from floods)

..4/ ffor < pa ffordd = how

..5/ cer < cerdd (South Wales) = go!

..6/ Gwyl Gewe (South Wales) < Gwyl Gewydd 15 July, feastday of Cewydd

..c/ The loss of final dd is a very common feature in the county of Penfro and the neighboring southern tip of the county of Ceredigion
..1/ ano < anodd (= hard, difficult)
..2/ Ceinewy < Ceinewydd (village name, Newquay)
..3/ ers llawer dy < ers llawer dydd (= since many a day)
..4/ gorwe < gorwedd (= to lie)
..5/ haw < hawdd (= easy)
..6/ i gily < ei gilydd (= together)
..7/ newy < newydd (= new)
..8/ wmla < ymladd (= to fight)

..d/ In the North-west, final rdd > r in certain words
..1/ angar < angardd < angerdd (= passion)
..2/ bwr < bwrdd (= table) (district of Arfon)
..3/ gar < gardd (= garden) (district of Arfon)
..4/ cwpwr < cwpwrdd (= cupboard)

-----

MEDIAL DD
1
loss of medial dd

BETWEEN VOWELS

..1/ Cilpeddeg > (Cilpe’eg) > *Cilpég (= place name, Herefordshire, “Kilpéck”)

..2/ *myddwn > mywn > modern Welsh mewn (= in), South Wales as miwn

..3/ rhoddi (literary Welsh) (= to give) > rhoi (spoken Welsh)

..4/ Troddi > Troi (river name in Mynwy county)

..5/ tyddyn (= farm, smallholding) > tyn (in place names)

-----

AFTER A CONSONANT AND BEFORE A VOWEL

..1/ cerdded (= to walk) > (Southern Welsh) cered

..2/ cerddlan (= rising ground) > Y Gerlan place by Bethesda, Gwynedd

..3/ corlan (sheepfold) which historically was *corddlan
(cordd = an obsolete word for ‘flock’, + soft mutation + llan = enclosure)

..4/ ynddo (= in him, in it) > (colloquial) yno

-----

AFTER A VOWEL AND BEFORE A CONSONANT

..1/ cystaddl > modern Welsh cystal (= as good, as well)

..2/ Grawys: Latin quadragêsima > *caddrawys > *ca’rawys > crawys > Grawys (= Lent)

..3/ gwyddfid > (district of Arfon) gwyfid (= honeysuckle)

-----


BETWEEN CONSONANTS

..1/ gwrthddrych > modern Welsh gwrthrych (= object)

-----

MEDIAL DD > D

Some words with d in standard Welsh originally had dd

bodlon (= satisfied) < boddlon < boddlawn

South Wales still has boddlon (bo’lon)

-----

MEDIAL DD IN ANGLICISED SPELLINGS AS TH

The English th in this case is not as in “think”, but as in “this, that and the other”

Nant Rhirid / Nantrhirid (= valley of Rhirid) in Bro Morgannwg became Llantriddid (on English-language maps as Llantrithyd)

ap Rhydderch (= son of Rhydderch) > Prydderch (pstronymic, surname), in English as Protheroe

:_______________________________.

FINAL DD IN ANGLICISATIONS OF WELSH NAMES

Final dd <dh>
[ð] > th <th> [θ] in Anglicised forms

 Gruffudd > English “Griffith


Lecwydd (Caer-dydd) > “Leckwith

Llandegfedd ST3395 (county of Mynwy / Monmouth) > “Llandegveth

Llangennydd SS4291 (county of Abertawe / Swansea) > “Llangennith

Llebenydd “neighbourhood” or “kúmmud” - (cwmwd) in the cantref of Is Coed, country of Gwent (South-east Wales), anglicised as “Libeneth

Maredudd > “Meredith

 Ynɥsgynwraidd SO4520 the English name of this place in the county of Mynwɥ is Skenfrith, which probably represents a local Welsh form *Sgenffridd ‹sken-fridh› (Welsh was finally eliminated from this area over a century ago) from *Sgynfridd ‹skən-vridh›.

:_______________________________.

+dd < f


Some Points of Similarity in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton,

T.H. Parry-Williams, 1913

In W[elsh], however, the interchange of f and dd is quite common, especially in the dial[ect]s…

He gives the following examples of f > dd

afanc (= a beaver) > addanc

camfa (a stile ) > camdda


cymanfa (a congregation, convention) > cymandda

Eifionydd (a district in Carnarvonshire) > Eiddionydd

gwefus (lip) > gweddus

gwyrf (= virgin) > gwerydd

pendefig (prince, chief) > pendeddig

plwyf (parish) > plwydd

f < dd

And for the reverse change dd > f he observes:

In the W[elsh] spoken language and the various dial[ects], the following occur :

byddigions (boneddigion, with the plur[al] s- ending of English), (= gentry) > byfigions
 
eiddil (delicate, tender ) > eifil

nwyddau (goods) > nwyfau

Cf. y fannodd for y ddannodd (toothache).

……………………………


:_______________________________.

d-d-
1
The combination d-d, where the second d is a soft mutation of t, generally becomes t

Botegwel (= fair view house) < Bod Degwel
(bod = house) + soft mutation + (tegwel fair appearance, fair view).

llety = (inn, shelter) < lled-dy
lled (= half) + ty (= house)

:_______________________________.

ddaeth <DHAITH>
[ðaɪθ]
1
colloquial for ni ddaeth he / she / it didn’t come
Ddaeth fawr neb hardly anybody came
NOTE: in the soiuth ddaeth > ddaath

:_______________________________.

dda gan... mo...
<DHAA GAN MOO>
[ˡðɑˑ gan ˡmoː]
1
dda gen i mohoni = I don’t like
Dda gen i mo’i olwg e = I don’t like the look of him
Dda gen i mo'r hen soffa ’na = I don’t like that old sofa
Dda ganddo mo’i rwystro = He doesn’t like being obstacles being put in his way

ETYMOLOGY: (literary) ni dda gan (+ direct object);
(ni negative particle) + soft mutation + (da = good) + (gan = with);
colloquial dda gan mo... ; loss of the particle ni ; before the direct object mo , < ddim o (= nothing of)

:_______________________________.

ddanedd <DHA-nedh>
[ˡðanɛð] plural
1
soft-mutated form of dannedd (= teeth) < dant (= tooth)
gefel ddannedd (Dentistry) forceps
(“pincers (of) teeth”) (gefel = tongs) + soft mutation + (dannedd teeth, plural of dant = tooth)

:_______________________________.

ddaw
<DHAU>
[ðaʊ] verb
soft mutation of daw (= he / she / it) will come)

1
ni ddaw
he / she won’t come


Ddaw e byth i sgidiau ei dad He’ll never be anything like his father, He’ll never be of the same stature as his father (“he’ll never come into his father’s shoes”)

Ddaw e ddim i ddiwedd da (said of someone whose behaviour is bad) he’ll come to a bad end (“he won’t come to a good end”)

2 a ddaw will come

ryw ddydd a ddaw one day (in the future) (“some day that will-come”)



See: daw


:_______________________________.

Ddawan <DHAU-an>
[ˡðaʊan] feminine noun
1
Afon Ddawan
river in south-east Wales. English name: Thaw

ETYMOLOGY: ??
NOTE: The former name was Afon Naddawan; as in many Welsh words, the pretonic syllable has been dropped > Afon ’ddawan

:_______________________________.

ddiawl <DHYAUL>
[ˡðjaʊl]
1
soft mutation of diawl = devil

2 (after masculine or feminine singular noun, or plural noun) damned, bloody, goddam

yr ast ddiawl the goddam bitch

Siot i frecwast, siot i ginio, siot i de, a siot ddiawl i swper! crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for breakfast, crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for dinner, crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for tea, and damned crumbled oatbread in buttermilk for supper!

:_______________________________.

ddim am wn i <DHIM am un II>
[ˡðɪm am ʊn ˡiː]
1
not as far as I know
Odi e wedi cael fflat newydd? Ddim am wn i Has he got a new flat? Not as far as I know

ETYMOLOGY: “no, for the-thing-that I know”) ddim am wn i < ddim am a wn i
(ddim = not) + (am = around, for) + (a = the-thing-that) + soft mutation + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)

:_______________________________.

ddim cwarter call <dhim KWAR-ter KALH>
[ðɪm ˡkwartɛr ˡkaɬ]
South Wales
1
(said of sb very stupid) ‘not (even) a quarter wise’

dyw hwnna ddim cwarter call He (that one there) is an imbecile

ETYMOLOGY: (ddim = not) + (cwarter, southern form of chwarter = quarter) + (call = wise)

:_______________________________.

ddim gwerth taten bob <DHIM GWERTH TA-ten BOOB>
[ˡðɪm ˡgwɛrθ ˡtatɛn ˡboːb]
1
worthless, useless, not worth a bean (“not (the) worth (of) (a) a baked potato”)

ETYMOLOGY: (ddim = not) + (gwerth = value, worth) + (taten = potato) + soft mutation + (pob= wise)

:_______________________________.

ddim hanner da <DHIM HA-ner DAA>
[ˡðɪm ˡhanɛr ˡdɑː]
1
(health) not too well
Dydi o ddim hanner da - He’s not too well ("he is not half good")

:_______________________________.

ddim hyd y gwn i <DHIM hiid ə gun II>
[ ˡðɪm hiːd ə gʊn ˡiː]
1
not as far as I'm aware, not as far as I know

ETYMOLOGY: “no, as-far-as that I know”) (hyd = as far as, length) + (y = preverbal particle) + (gwn i = I know, < gwybod = to know)

:_______________________________.

ddim ond newydd <DHIM ond NEU-idh>
[ˡðɪm ɔnd ˡnɛʊɪð]
1
only just

Paid â’i dihuno hi nawr... Doedd hi ddim ond newydd gael moddion cyn iti gyrraedd
Don’t wake her now – she had her medicine just before you arrived

ETYMOLOGY: (ddim = not) + (ond = but) + (newydd = new)

:_______________________________.

ddim yn gwybod brawddeg o Saesneg <DHIM ən GUI-bod BRAU-dheg o SEIS-neg>
[ˡðɪm ən ˡgʊɪbɔd ˡbraʊðɛg ɔ ˡsəɪsnɛg]
1
ni wyddai tad-cu fy mam frawddeg o Saesneg my mother’s grandfather couldn’t put a sentence together in English / couldn’t speak a word of English (“didn’t know a sentence of English”)

:_______________________________.

ddim yn llawn llathen <DHIM ən LHAUN LHAA-then>
[ˡðɪm ən ˡɬaʊn ˡɬɑˑθɛn]
1
(cloth) not a full yard in length

2
not quite right in the head
Ma pawb yn gwbod nad yw e’n llawn llathen
Everybody knows he’s not all there

ETYMOLOGY: “not full (of a) yard”, i.e. not a full yard (= 36 inches) (i.e. insufficient – an expression from the process of cloth manufacture)
(ddim = not) + (llawn = full) + (llathen = yard)

:_______________________________.

Y Ddiserth <ə DHI-serth>
[ə ˡðɪsɛrθ]
1
former name of Llansanffráid Glan Conwy (SH8076) locality in the county of Conwy 6km to the south-west of Baecolwyn

:_______________________________.

ddoe <DHOI>
[ðɔɪ] (adverb)
1
yesterday

:_______________________________.

ddoeth <DHOITH>
[ðɔɪθ] adjective
1
soft-mutated form of doeth (= wise)
Siarl Ddoeth Charles the Wise

:_______________________________.

ddofn <DHOVN, DHOO-von>
[ðɔvn, ˡðoˑvɔn,] adjective
1
a feminine form with soft mutation;

dwfn = deep (masculine form) > dofn (feminine form) > ddofn (soft mutation of initial ‘d’)
In place names, it occurs after a feminine noun

(1) Gilfach-ddofn (“(the) deep nook”) name of a farm in Llangolman SN1126 (county of Penfro)

(2) Wern-ddofn (“(the) deep alder-marsh”) name of a farm 4km north-east of Crymych (county of Penfro)

:_______________________________.

Y Ddôl <ə-DHOOL>
[ə ˡðoːl]
1
place name – ‘the river meadow’

(1) In Dynfant (county of Abertawe) there is a farm called Y Ddôl (“Ddol Farm” on English maps), reached along a road called Heol y Ddôl (“Ddol Road” on English maps)

(2) There is also a Heol y Ddôl in
Caerffili

(3)
Streets in Y Trallwng
..1/ Tan-y-ddôl = below the (river-)meadow
..2/ Pen-y-ddôl = (the) top (of) the (river-)meadow

See dôl

:_______________________________.

Ddôlhyfryd <dhool HƏV-rid>
ðoːl ˡhəvrɪd]
1
street name, Bangor (Gwynedd) (“Ddôl Hyfryd”)

ETYMOLOGY: “the pleasant meadow “ y ddôl hyfryd (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (dôl = meadow) + (hyfryd = pleasant)



:_______________________________.

y ddraig goch <ə dhraig GOOKH>
[ə ðraɪg ˡgoːx] (feminine noun)
1
the red dragon; name of the Welsh flag

:_______________________________.

Y ddraig goch a ddyry cychwyn <ə dhraig GOOKH a DHƏ-ri KƏKH-win>
[ə ðraɪg ˡgoːx a ðərɪ ˡkəxwɪn]

1 An alliterative line in a poem by Deio ab Ieuan Du (fl. 1450-1480), Llangynfelyn, Ceredigion thanking Siôn ap Rhys for the gift of a bull.

The alliteration is dd - r - c - ch / dd - r - c - ch - (n).
Y dd-raig goch a ddyry cychwyn (g-g and c are considered to be equivalent in alliterative verse)

In 1953, it was added as a motto below the dragon on the royal badge of Wales - a symbol showing the authority of the English King or Queen over the Welsh nation.

It is literally ‘the red dragon gives a leap’ and it is taken as meaning ‘the red dragon of Wales leaps ahead / the red dragon gives impetus (to the people of Wales) / the red dragon inspires the Welsh people onward’.

The following line in the poem is however Ar ucha’r llall ar ochr llwyn
(alliteration: r – ch – r – ll- (ll) / r – ch – r – ll- (n)),

and given the nature of the poem, y ddraig goch a ddyry cychwyn seems to be a reference to a red bull (but here described as the ‘dragon’) servicing a cow – ‘the red dragon gives a leap / on top of the other (= the other dragon, i.e. the cow) at the edge of a wood’ – i.e. the red bull mounts the cow at the wood’s edge

Syntactically one would expect in modern Welsh a soft mutation of the initial consonant of an object noun after a conjugated verb – a ddyry gychwyn – but it seems that at the time the poem was written such a mutation was not altogether necessary.

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (draig = dragon) + soft mutation + (coch = red) + (a = which) + soft mutation + (dyry = gives / will give) + (cychwyn = a leap, a beginning)

:_______________________________.

ddu <DHII>
[ðiː] adjective
1
Soft mutated form (d > dd) of du = black

Y Bont Ddu the black bridge

(Yr) Ynys-ddu black meadow (name of a village in the county of Caerffili);
(in these names there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

See also the following entry Ddu (epithet)

:_______________________________.

Ddu <DHII>
[ðiː] adjective
1
epithet = black-haired

Morgan Ddu black-haired Morgan
1
surname from the epithet; Anglicised form <DII>
[diː] - Dee

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ddu, soft mutation of du (black, black-haired). Formerly (and in certain cases in modern Welsh too) adjectives with this function had soft mutation of the initial consonant after a masculine noun as well as after a feminine noun

:_______________________________.

Y Dduallt <ə DHII-alht>
[ə ˡðiˑaɬt] feminine noun
1
SH8890 mountain in the district of Maldwyn (county of Powys)

2 SH8027 mountain in the district of Meirionnydd (county of Gwynedd)

ETYMOLOGY: "the black hill" (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (duallt = black hill)

:_______________________________.

ddug <DIIG>
[ðiːg] verb
1
soft-mutated form (d > dd) of dug = (she / he / it) took.

Brenhinoedd-2 23:6
Efe a ddug allan hefyd y llwyn o dŷ yr Arglwydd, i’r tu allan i Jerwsalem, hyd afon Cidron, ac a’i llosgodd ef wrth afon Cidron, ac a’i malodd yn llwch, ac a daflodd ei lwch ar feddau meibion y bobl
Kings-2 23:6
And he brought out the grove from the house of the Lord, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Cidron, and burned it at the brook Cidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people

:_______________________________.

ddwg <DHUUG>
[ðuːg]
1
a ddwg which brings, which will bring (third person singular present-future of the verb dwyn = to bring)

Bonedd a ddwg gyfrifoldeb Noblesse oblige (= to be born into the nobility implies the need for high moral principles and just behaviour; nobility has an obligation towards non-nobility) (“(it-is) nobility which brings responsibility”)

:_______________________________.

y Ddwyryd <ə DHUI-rid>
[ə ˡðʊɪrɪd] (feminine noun)
1
the two fords; village name, NE Wales

:_______________________________.

ddwywaith <DHUI-waith, -eth>
[ˡðʊɪwaɪθ, -ɛθ] adverb
1
twice
Mae e ddwywaith ei hoed hi He’s twice her age

ETYMOLOGY: dwywaith = twice; there is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence d > dd

:_______________________________.

Ddwywaith <DHUI-waith, -eth>
[ˡðʊɪwaɪθ, -ɛθ] adjective
1
‘twice over’ - epithet (given to someone with a first name which is the same as the surname, or as the father’s name used as a patronymic). For example, Shincyn Shincyn (= Shincyn son of Shincyn) (in English, Jenkin Jenkin, or Jenkin Jenkins) becomes Shincyn Ddwywaith

Yn y pentre preswyliai gŵr o’r enw Harri Harri - Harri Ddwywaith y gelwid ef gan yr holl ardal
In the village there lived a man called Harri Harri (= Harri the son of Harri) - he was called Harri Ddwywaith (= twice over) by everybody in the area

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh ddwywaith, soft mutation of dwywaith (= twice). Adjectives functioning as epithets usually have soft mutation of the initial consonant after a masculine noun as well as after a feminine noun

:_______________________________.

ddydd a nos
<DHIIDH a NOOS>
[ˡðiːð a ˡnoːs] adverb
1
day and night

bod wrthi ddydd a nos (yn gwneud rhywbeth)
be busy (doing something) night and day

Roedd y babi deufis oed yn sgrechen ddydd a nos
The two-month old baby was wailing day and night

cysgu ddydd a nos
sleep round the clock, sleep day and night

ETYMOLOGY: (dydd = day) + (a = and) + (nos = night). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd

:_______________________________.

ddydd
ar ôl dydd <DHIIDH ar ool DIIDH> [ˡðiːð ar oːl ˡdiːð] adverb
1
day after day

ETYMOLOGY: (dydd = day) + (ar ôl = after) + (dydd = day) There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd

:_______________________________.

ddyddiau
bwygilydd <DHƏDH-yai, -ye, bui-GII-lidh> [ˡðəðjai, -jɛ, bʊɪˡgiˑlɪð]
adv
1
day after day

ETYMOLOGY: (dyddiau = days) + (bwygilydd = (adverb) one after the other). There is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence dydd > ddydd

:_______________________________.

dylet ti ddim d
ə-let-ti DHIM› (v)
1
you should not, you shouldn’t

Ddylet ti ddim fod wedi siarad â hi You shouldn’t have spoken to her

NOTE: sometimes written informally as ddyle ti ddim, which in fact better represents the pronunciation (there is only a single t, not a geminated t)

ETYMOLOGY: (ni = negative particle) + soft mutation + (dylet = you ought)

> ni ddylet

The colloquial form shows typical colloquial features such as

..a/ the addition of the personal pronoun ni ddylet ti

..b/ the addition of a second negative particle ni ddylet ti ddim

..c/ the loss of ni, the initial negative marker ddylet ti ddim

:_______________________________.

ddyry <DHƏ-ri>
[ˡðərɪ] verb
1
soft-mutated form (d > dd) of dyry (= he / she / it gives, will give)

:_______________________________.

de <DEE>
[deː] adjective
1
right
y llaw dde the right hand
yr ochr dde thr right-hand side

2 yr adain dde (politics) the right, the right wing

ETYMOLOGY: see the following

:_______________________________.

de <DEE>
[deː] feminine noun
1
right
y dde = the right-hand side, the right

2 right = the direction to one’s right
i’r dde to the right (in the direction of the right)

ar y dde (phrase adverb) on the right

ar y dde i (phrase preposition) to the right of

o’r dde i’r chwith from left to right

o dde i aswy ac o aswy i dde from right to left and from left to right

Dringodd y rhiw ar gefn ei feic igam-ogam, o dde i aswy ac o aswy i dde
He zigzagged up the hill on his bike, from from right to left and from left to right

3 (politics) y dde = the right,the right wing
y dde eithafol = the extreme right

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh de < dé-e < de-au < dé-eu < dé-heu < British *deks-owj-os
Deau is still used formally (yn y Deau = in the South), and deheu- survives as the penult form (deheubarth = the southern part of the country, parth = part, district)

From the same British root: Breton dehou (= right), Cornish dyghow (= right)

Irish has deas (= south) < *deks-

Compare Latin dexter (= right)

:_______________________________.

de <DEE>
[deː] masculine noun
1
south (abbreviation: D) = cardinal point

2 south = direction in which this point is situated
de-ddwyrain south-east
de-orllewin south-west
yn y de in the south

3 trwy Dde a Gogledd throughout North and South Wales (“South and North Wales”), in bothethe North and the South

Bu William Davies yn teithio llawer trwy Dde a Gogledd William Davies travelled a great deal in both North and South Wales

ETYMOLOGY: The same as de
(= right-hand side) (because when facing the rising sun, the right-hand side is the south side);

NOTE: de (= right-hand side) is a feminine noun, and de (= south) is a masculine noun

:_______________________________.

deall (colloquially: "dyall") <DEE-alh,-DII-alh>
[ˡdeˑaɬ,ˡdiˑaɬ] (verb)
1
understand

Wyt ti’n deall? Do you understand?
Dw i ddim yn deall
I don’t understand

2
diddeall
dim-witted, slow on the uptake (di-, negative prefix)

7367_jmj_welsh_grammar_1913_119_dodrefn_090203

(delwedd 7367)

:_______________________________.

deallus <de-A-lhis>
[dɛˡaɬɪs] (adjective)
1
intelligent

:_______________________________.

deau <DEE-ai, -e>
[ˡdeˑaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
south

:_______________________________.

decach <DE-kakh>
[ˡdɛkax] adjective
1
decach is the soft-mutated form of tecach fairer (= more beautiful, more just)
< teg beautiful, just

Sicrhau Cymru decach a mwy llewyrchus yw’r nod
The aim is to ensure a fairer and more flourishing Wales

:_______________________________.

dechau <DEE-khai, -khe>
[ˡdeˑxaɪ, -ɛ] adjective
South Wales
1
skilful, skilled, dexterous

ddim yn rhyw law dechau â
not very good at (“not very-much a skilled hand with”)

2 neat, nice; = showing skilled workmanship

Fe wnaeth e jobyn bach deche am bris rhesymol
He did a neat little job for a reasonable price

3 suitable, appropriate, proper;

yn ddechau properly,
wilia’n ddecha South-east Wales speak properly

4 smart, not scruffy
edrych yn ddecha South-east Wales look smart

5 tidy, not disarranged
Rodd pethe’n weddol ddeche yn y gegin
Things were fairly tidy in the kitchen

6 sizable, tidy
cael siâr go ddeche o
get a tidy share of, get a good amount of

7 good, suitable, presentable, decent
Mae’n unig bâr deche o deits wedi rhwygo
My only decent pair of tights have torn

8 county of Ceredigion diach = deheuach (comparative form)

9 bod yn ddechau ar be a problem for ("be correct on")

Jobyn da fod y rytyrn gyta ni, ne fusa’n ddecha arnon ni
It’s a good job we’ve got a return ticket or we’d be in a right fix

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh deche < dehe < deheu = (1) correct; (2) south;

dechau (with final ‘au’) is a standardisation of the spoken form deche

NOTE: South-west Wales deche, South-east Wales decha

:_______________________________.

dech chi <DE-khi>
[ˡdɛxɪ] (verb)
1
you are (North-east)

:_______________________________.

dechrau <DEKH-re>
[ˡdɛxraɪ, -ɛ] (verb)
1
to begin
2
dechrau byw marry and settle down (“begin living”)

:_______________________________.

dechrau <DEKH-re>
[ˡdɛxraɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
beginning, start

:_______________________________.

dechreuad, dechreuadau <dekh-REI-ad, dekh-rei-AA-dai, -de>
[dɛxˡrəɪad, dɛxrəɪˡɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
beginning, start

:_______________________________.

decllath <DEK-lhath>
[ˡdɛkɬaθ] (f)
1
ten yards
2
ddecllath (adv) ten yards, for the distance of ten yards

Cydgerddasant ddecllath
They walked together for ten yards

:_______________________________.

deddf, deddfau <DEDHV, DEDH-vai, -ve>
[ˡdɛðv, ˡdɛðvaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
law
y ddeddf = the law

2 Mae ei air yn ddeddf His word is law, His word is Holy Writ

3 deddf treched treisaf the law of the jungle
deddf arbed trafferth the law of least effort (“(the) law (of) saving trouble”)

4 Deddf Adenillion Lleihaol Law of Diminishing Returns

5 y Ddeddf Derfysg the Riot Act
darllen y Ddeddf Derfysg read the Riot Act (for an explanation, see under the headword darllen)

:_______________________________.

dedfryd, dedfrydau <DED-vrid, ded-VRƏ-dai, -de>
[ˡdɛdvrɪd, dɛdˡvrədaɪ, -ɛ] (feminine noun)
1
sentence (judge’s decision)

y ddedfryd = the sentence

2 bod dan ddedfryd marwolaeth be under sentence of death

:_______________________________.

dedfrydu <ded-VRƏ-di>
[dɛdˡvrədɪ] (verb)
1
to sentence

:_______________________________.

defaid (“defed, defid”) <DE-vaid, DE-ved, DE-vid>
[ˡdɛvaɪd, ˡdɛvɛd, ˡdɛvɪd] (plural noun)
1
sheep (plural of dafad)

:_______________________________.

dedwydd <DED-widh>
[ˡdɛdwɪð] (adj)
1
happy

Byddai’n ddedwydd am y câi ddigon o arian
He’d be happy if he could get enough money

Buont yn byw yn ddedwydd oddi ar hynny
They lived happily ever after

2 happy, enjoyable = of a period of time characterised by feelings of contentment, enjoyment

dyddiau dedwydd happy days
Dyddiau dedwydd oedd y rheini
Those were happy days, Those were the days, Those were good times

3 in house names

..a/ Bryndedwydd house name in Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
(“happy hill”) (bryn = hill) + (dedwydd = happy)

..b/
Llwyndedwydd farm near Tŷ-nant, Conwy

..c/
Tŷ Dedwydd / Tŷdedwydd house name

4 street names

In Dynfant, there is a street
Broddedwydd (“Bro Dedwydd” – an incorrect form, since there is soft mutation of the initial consonant of an adjective after a feminine noun, here d > dd) (“happy district”, place of happiness)

NOTE: Page 46 / A Welsh Grammar - Historical and Comparative / John Morris-Jones (1864-1929) /1913: The following words may be mentioned as those most commonly mispronounced: wy is the falling diphthong in cer2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchn ‘vat’, disg2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchl, ‘look, expect’, G2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchnedd ‘Venedotia’, G2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchndid, id., mor2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchn ‘maiden’, ter2226_wy_mwyn_y_ar_ffurf_h_hanner_cylchn ‘ fervent’; it is the rising diphthong in oher2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hdd ‘because of’, cych2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hn, ‘rise, start’, erch2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hn ‘protector, (bed)-side’, ded2227_wy_gwych_w_y_ar_ffurf_hdd ‘happy’

:_______________________________.

defeitgi <de-VEIT-gi>
[dɛˡvəɪtgɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL defeitgwn <de-VEIT-gun>
[dɛˡvəɪtgʊn]

1 sheepdog (literary word; normally ci defaid)

Er hyny’r defeidgwn {sic} yn reddfol wrth anian,
A gyrchant y praidd o’r pellderoedd i’r gorlan

(Mynydau Hamddenol: Ail Lyfr Nathan Wyn. 1905. Tudalen 161)
In spite of that the sheepdogs instinctively by nature
Drive the flock from distant parts to the fold

ETYMOLOGY: (defeid-, penult form of defaid = sheep) + soft mutation + (ci = dog) > defeid-gi > defeitgi

:_______________________________.

defeity <de-VEI-ti>
[dɛˡvəɪtɪ] masculine noun
PLURAL defeitai <de-VEI-tai>
[dɛˡvəɪtaɪ]
1
obsolete sheepfold, sheep shelter, sheepcot, sheep house.

In place names, also as a clipped form feity <VEI-ti>
[ˡvəɪtɪ]
There is a Moel Feity ("hill of the sheepcot") (map reference SN8525) by Llyn y Fan Fawr ("lake by the Fan Fawr, the great peak") on Mynydd Du ("black hills / black mountain") in the south-western part of Powys, on the border with the county of Caerfyrddin

(But nearby farms marked as Meity Fawr (“Meity-fawr”) and Meity Isaf (“Meity-isaf”) )

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN8525

ETYMOLOGY: (defeid, penult form of defaid = sheep, plural form of dafad = sheep) + soft mutation + (ty = house); defeid-dy > defeity (d+d) = (t)
NOTE: See also dafaty = sheepcot (dafad = sheep) + (ty = house)

:_______________________________.

deffro <DE-fro>
[ˡdɛfrɔ] (verb)
1
to wake up

:_______________________________.

Deffrobani <de-fro-BAA-ni>
[dɛfrɔˡbɑˑnɪ] femenine noun
1
a mythical island from where, according to Iolo Morganwg (1747-1826) the Welsh leader Hu Gadarn brought his people to the island of Britain.

A metathasised form of a name in Llyfr Taliesin (The Book of Taliesin, early 1300s) deproffani ynys’, taken from the Latin from ‘Taprobanes insula’ mentioned by Isadore of Seville, and referring to Ceylon, said at that time to be the first home of the human race
There seems to be identification, whether consciously or unconsciously, with the Welsh word deffro (= to wake up; awakening),

Cartre’r haf yw Deffrobani,
O na ddeuit, Men,
Gyda mi i chwilio am dani
Yn fy rhwyflong wen:
Hwnt i fôr y mae yr ynys,
Hwnt i awer tir;
Ond gwnai serch y siwrnai’n felys,
Er yn siwrnai hir.

Deffrobani is the home of the sun / If only you would come, Men, With me to search for it, / in my white rowboat; / the island is beyond the sea,/ beyond many a land; / but love would make the journey sweet, / though (it would be) a long journey.
(‘Cartre’r haf yw Deffrobani’, from the collection ‘Telynegion Maes a Mor’ by Eifion Wyn, Year 1908)

:_______________________________.

defnydd, defnyddiau <DEV-nidh, dev-NƏDH-yai, -ye>
[ˡdɛvnɪð, dɛvˡnəðjaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
material

2
Nid ydym i gyd o'r un defnydd
We're all born different (“we are not all of the same material”)

3 heb ddefnydd arno disused (“without use on it”)
lorri heb ddefnydd arni disused lorry

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic

Irish has damhna (= material; substance)

:_______________________________.

defnyddio <dev-NƏDH-yo>
[dɛvˡnəðjɔ] (verb)
1
to use

ETYMOLOGY: (defnydd = material; use) + (-i-o verbal suffix)
:_______________________________.

deg <DEEG>
[deːg] (masculine noun)
1
ten

:_______________________________.

deg <DEEG>
[deːg] adjective
1
Soft mutated form (t > d) of teg (= fair, pretty)

Derwen-deg ‘fair oak’, street name in Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
Fron-deg < y fron deg ‘(the) fair hill’
Gelli-deg < y gelli deg ‘(the) fair wood’ SO0207 locality in Merthyrtudful

Gwalia Deg Fair Wales; name of a Welsh settelement in Nebraska (the name is no longer in use)

:_______________________________.

Degannwy <de-GA-nui>
[dɛˡganʊɪ] adjective
1
SH7879 Village in the county of Conwy. The English use a Welsh misspelling for the name of the village: Deganwy, with a single ‘n’. It was the chief court of the medieval kántrev of Rhos, one of the four kantrevs making up the territory (gwlad) of Y Berfeddwlad (“middle territory”), so called because it lay between the territories of Gwynedd and Powys.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=341516 Degannwy

7539_map_y_berfeddwlad_rhufoniog_090810
(delwedd 7539)

:_______________________________.

degfed <DEG-ved>
[ˡdɛgvɛd] (adjective)
1
tenth
yn y ddegfed ganrif in the tenth century
y degfed dydd ar hugain the thirtieth day
am y degfed tro for the tenth time

:_______________________________.

deg swllt <deeg SULHT>
[deːg ˡsʊɬt] (masculine noun)
1
(pre-1971) ten shillings

:_______________________________.

degwm
<DEE-gum>
[ˡdeˑgʊm]
PLURAL degymau
<de-GƏ-mai, -me> [dɛˡgəmaɪ, -ɛ]
1
tithe = tenth part

2
tithe = the tenth part of crops harvested or of livestock possessed to be given annually to the state church; (Scotland: teind);

3
tithe = commuted tithe; a rent-charge substituing this
pennu degwm tithe apportionment, process of fixing the sum to be paid as an annual tithe
map degwm = tithe map, map indicating ownership of land as a basis for calculating

4
tref ddegwm tithing, rural division, originally one tenth of a hundred (one hundred farmsteads)

ysgubor ddegwm, ysguboriau degwm tithe barn, barn for storing tithes (a tenth of the produce of a farm which the church claimed, associated with a parish church, and to which the farmers themselves had to take their donation)

map degwm tithe map
map y degwm the tithe map

Lluniwyd map degwm ym 1839 er mwyn dangos gwerth y tir ym Mhlwyf Eglwysilan
A tithe map was made in 1830 to show the value of land in Eglwysilan Parish

Gwelir y cae bach hwn llain hwn ar Fap Degwm 1841. This small field is to be seen on the tithe Map of 1841

Comisiynwyr y Degwm Tithe Commissioners

yn ôl Arolwg Degwm 1843 according to the Tithe Survey of 1843
Arolwg y Degwm the Tithe Survey

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *dekum- < Latin decuma (pars) (= tenth part)
cf Old English têtha (= tenth, tenth part) > tithe

:_______________________________.

degymol
<de-GƏ-mol>
[dɛˡgəmɔl]
1
tithable, subject to a tithe

perchennog tiroedd degymol an owner of tithable lands

ETYMOLOGY: (degym- penult syllable form of degwm = tithe) + (-ol suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.

degymu <de-GƏ-mi>
[dɛˡgəmɪ] verb
1
levy a tithe on

Samuel-1 8:15 Eich hadau hefyd a'ch gwinllannoedd a ddegyma efe, ac a’u dyry i’w ystafellyddion ac i’w weision
Samuel-1 8:15 And he will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, and give to his officers, and to his servants

2
pay a tithe

3
degymu'r mintys a'r anis a'r cwmin
”to tithe the mint and the anise and the cummin”, be meticulous about minor matters while neglecting much more important duties; from the following verse in the New Testament:

Mathew 23:23 Gwae chi, ysgrifenyddion a Phariseaid, ragrithwyr! Canys yr ydych yn degymu'r mintys, a'r anis, a'r cwmin, ac a adawsoch heibio y pethau trymach o'r gyfraith, barn, a thrugaredd, a ffydd: rhaid oedd gwneuthur y pethau hyn, ac na adewid y lleill heibio
Matthew 23:23 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgement, mercy and faith; these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone

4 decimate (= kill one out of every ten men)

5 decimate (= kill many)

6 decimate (= destroy, eliminate)

7 degwm cil-dwrn (“tithe (of) half-closed hand / (the) hollow (of the) fist”) tip, gratuity

ETYMOLOGY: (degym- penult syllable form of degwm = tithe) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

deheubarth <de-HEI-barth>
[dɛˡhəɪbarθ] (masculine noun)
1
southern part; South Wales
Deheubarth Cymru (nowadays more usually De Cymru) South Wales

yn y Deheubarth (nowadays more usually yn y De) in the South, in South Wales

:_______________________________.

deheuol <de-HEI-ol>
[dɛˡhəɪɔl] adjective
1
southern = situated in the south

ar arfordir deheuol Lloegr on the south coast of England

waliau gorllewinol a deheuol y Castell the western and southern walls of the Castle

2 deheuol eich tafodiaith speaking southern Welsh, with South Wales Welsh
gwraig ddeheuol ei thafodiaith a woman who speaks / who spoke southern Welsh

ETYMOLOGY: (deheu-, penult form of dehau = south) + (-ol suffix to form adjectives)

:_______________________________.

dehongli <de-HONG-li>
[dɛˡhɔŋlɪ] (verb)
1
interpret

2 camddehongli misinterpret

:_______________________________.

dehongliad, dehongliadau <de-HONGL-yad, de-hongl-YAA-dai, -e>
[dɛˡhɔŋljad, dɛhɔŋlˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
interpretation

2 camddehongliad misinterpretation

:_______________________________.

Dei <DEI>
[dəɪ] (masculine noun)
1
(North Wales) diminutive of Dafydd

:_______________________________.

deialu <dei-AA-li>
[dəɪˡɑˑlɪ] (verb)
1
dial = call with a phone dial
sain ddeialu, seiniau deialu dialling tone, sound showing a line is clear

tôn ddeialu, tonau deialu dialling tone
cod deialu dialling code

deialu’r rhif
to dial the number
:_______________________________.

Deian <DEI-an>
[ˡdəɪan] (masculine noun)
1
(North Wales) diminutive of Dafydd

:_______________________________.

Deicws <DEI-kus>
[ˡdəɪkʊs] masculine noun
1
(obsolete) pet form of Dafydd

Example from the year 1517: “Gruff’ ap Mered’ ap Ieuan ap Dicus, Dynworwik”

> Gruffudd ap Maredudd ap Ieuan ap Deicws, Dinorwig

ETYMOLOGY: (Dei penult syllable form of Dai) + (-cws suffix)

Dai is probably (Da- first syllable of Dafydd) + (-i diminutive suffix), as in Morus / Moi (= Morris), Ifan / Ifi (= Ifan), Siôn, Sioni (= John)

Another possibility is Dafydd > Dafy (loss of final dd) > Dafi (change of vowel from “y” to “i”)

> Dai (loss of intervocalic <v>
[v] )
:_______________________________.

Deicyn <DEI-kin>
[ˡdəɪkɪn] (masculine noun)
1
(North Wales) diminutive of Dafydd

:_______________________________.

deiet, deietau <DEI-et, dei-E-tai, -te>
[ˡdəɪɛt, dəɪˡɛtaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
diet

:_______________________________.

deigryn <DEI-grin>
[ˡdəɪgrɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL dagrau <DA-grai, -gre>
[ˡdagraɪ, -ɛ]
1
tear

2 nwy dagrau tear gas

3 (island of Môn) raindrop
Mae'n gwneud tipyn o ddagrau
It’s starting to rain, it’s trying to rain (“it’s making a bit of drops”)

4 gollwng deigryn dros Gymru see a man about a dog, have a pee (“shed a tear for Wales”)

5 dagrau fydd ei diwedd hi it’ll all end in tears (“(it-is) tears that-will-be its end”)

6
dagrau gwidw, "widow's tears" – the tears of a widow as a strategem to catch an unwitting young man and marry him so that there is support for her and her family

7 yn eich dagrau in tears (“in your tears”)

8 boddfa o ddagrau a flood of tears (“a drowning of tears”)

9 mynd i bwl o ddagrau burst into tears (“go to a fit of tears”)

10 hidlo dagrau cry, shed tears (“sieve tears”)

11 colli dagrau cry, shed tears (“lose tears”)

12 rhedai y dagrau yn afonydd i lawr ei gruddiau the tears ran in rivers down her cheeks

Dagrau’r peth yw... the sad thing about it all is that... (“(it is) (the) tears (of) the thing (that-is-) is

ETYMOLOGY: British *dakr- > Welsh dagr > deigryn (addition of suffix -yn, which causes vowel change a > ei)
Other Celtic languages: Cornish dagrow (= tears), Irish deoir (= tear)

:_______________________________.

deil <DEIL>
[dəɪl] verb
1
holds, will hold; third person singular present-future tense of the verb dal
Mae’r arolygon am eisteddfod dda os deil y tywydd
There are signs of a good eisteddfod if the weather holds

:_______________________________.

deilen <DEI-len>
[ˡdəɪlɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL dail, deilennau <DAIL, DEI-len>
[daɪl, ˡdəɪlɛn]
1
leaf (of a tree, a plant)
y ddeilen = the leaf
bod fel dail y coed be ten a penny, be very common (“be like the leaves of the tree”)

2
deilen ar dafod tongue-tiedness ("a leaf on the tongue");
normally in the expression siarad heb deilen ar eich tafod speak forthrightly ("speak without a leaf on your tongue")

3
herb (fennel, etc)
llawryf laurel, deilen lawryf laurel leaf
Deilen fuddiol arall i roi blas ychwanegol i salad yw ffenigl
Another useful herb to give extra taste to a salad is fennel

4
South-west Wales dail = cabbages (in the ground) (from the phrase dail cawl leaves (of) cabbage, cabbage leaves)

5 baco dail = leaf tobacco

6 North Wales dail y dinboeth literally "leaves (of) the hot ass"

(American: smartass), (Englandic: arsesmart), peachwort

Latin name: Polygonum Persicaria

Properties: The plant has a very acrid juice, hence the reference to ‘smarting’ in the English names, and ‘poeth’ (hot; stinging) in the Welsh name also refers to the smarting and irritation it causes.

(American “ass, butt” = Englandic “arse, bum”)

7 North Wales dail llwynog = foxgloves ("leaves (of) fox")

8 North Wales dail ceiniogau = marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle vulgaris ("leaves (of) pennies")

9 South Wales dail traed yr ebol = coltsfoot Tussilago Farfara; ("leaves (of) (the) feet (of) the foal") in the south-east, dail drêpel

10
dail poethion = nettles ("hot leaves", i.e. stinging leaves, leaves causing irritation)

11 dail tafodau’r merched = Populus tremula leaves of the aspen tree ("leaves (of the) tongue (of) the women") – the leaves flutter in the slightest breeze

12 dail tafol = dock leaves

13 y ddeilen felen = the yellow leaf, tobacco
rhoi’r gorau i’r ddeilen felen give up tobacco, stop smoking

14 deilen lili (American: lily pad) (Englandic: lily leaf)

15 Metalwork leaf, foil = leaf or thin plate of metal (also dafn, llafn, platen)

16 North Wales hel dail waste time, delay ("gather leaves")

17 crynu fel deilen = tremble like a leaf, shake from fright

18 type of leaf:
deilen fasarn (“leaf of maples”), maple leaf. Plural: dail masarn maple leaves
deilen dderw (“leaf of oaks”), oak leaf. Plural: dail derw oak leaves.
deilen onn (“leaf of ashes”), ash leaf. Plural: dail onn ash leaves
deilen fedw (“leaf of birches”), birch leaf. Plural: dail bedw birch leaves
deilen ffawydd (“leaf of beeches”), beech leaf. Plural: dail ffawydd beech leaves

19
aflymddail retuse-leaved, having leaves with a rounded apex and central depression

(aflym = retuse) + soft mutation + (dail = leaves)
helygen aflymddail(Salix retusa) retuse-leaved willow


20 hirddail long-leaved
(hir = long) + soft mutation + (dail = leaves)

helygen wlanog hirddail (Salix lapponum) downy willow


21 deilen de plural dail te tea leaf
helygen dail-te (Salix phylicifolia) tea-leaved willow

22 Names of houses and streets
Sŵn-y-dail (“(the) sound (of) the leaves”), leaves on the trees rustling

..a/ street name in Bodelwyddan (county of Dinbych) (“Swn y Dail”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same British root:

Cornish delenn = leaf (del = leaves),

Breton delienn = leaf (delion = leaves)

From the same Celtic root: Irish duille (= leaf)

:_______________________________.

deiliog <DEIL-yog>
[ˡdəɪljɔg] adjective
1
leafy
coed deiliog leafy trees

ETYMOLOGY: (deil, penult form of dail = leaves) + (-iog suffix for forming adjectives)

:_______________________________.

deiliad, deiliaid <DEIL-yad, DEIL-yaid, -yed>
[ˡdəɪljad, ˡdəɪljaɪd, -ɛd] (masculine noun)
1
tenant

:_______________________________.

deilliad <DEILH-yad>
[ˡdəɪɬjad] masculine noun
PLURAL deilliadau <deilh-YAA-dai, -e>
[dəɪɬˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1
emanation
2
(Grammar) derivative
Abbreviation: dll.

ETYMOLOGY: (deill- stem of deillio = be derived (from), have its origin (in)) + (-i-ad abstract noun-forming suffix)

:_______________________________.

Deiniol <DEIN-yol>
[ˡdəɪnjɔl] (masculine noun)
1
Daniel; name of Celtic saint

:_______________________________.

Deiniolen <dein-YOO-len>
[dəɪnˡjoˑlɛn] (masculine noun)
1
SH5763 A village in Gwynedd.
Until 1923 the name of the village was Ebenezer ‹e-ben-E-ser›, from Capel Ebenezer, a chapel belonging to the Independents, built just one century previously in 1823.

The local name for the chapel is Capal Eban (= Capel Eben)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/246467 Capal Eban

7516_7423_seren_seran_deiniolen_090427


(delwedd 7516)

NOTE: Deiniolen is in the ‘a’ zone, so Deiniolen > Deiniolan, Capel Eben > Capal Eban

:_______________________________.

deintio <DEINT-yo>
[ˡdəɪntjɔ] (verb)
1 nibble
deintio’r abwyd nibble the bait

:_______________________________.

deintur <DEIN-tir>
[ˡdəɪntɪr] masculine noun
PLURAL deinturiau, deinturau <dein-TIR-yai, -ye, dein-TII-rai, -re>
[dəɪnˡtɪrjaɪ, -ɛ, dəɪnˡtiˑraɪ, -ɛ]
1
tenter, tenter frame; one on which cloth is stretched in order to dry without shrinking

ffrâm ddeintur (plural: fframiau deintur) tenter frame
bach deintur tenterhook (plural: bachau deintur or bachau deinturiau)

2
found in field names:
Cae’r Deintur / Cae Deintur (tenter field), Parc y Deintur (tenter field)

Examples of field names and street names:

(1) Caedeintur street name in Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd)

(2) Cnwcydintir street name in the town of Aberteifi (county of Ceredigion) (“(the) hill (of) the tenter frame”)

(3) Pentwyndeintur = pen twyn y deintur – (“(the) top (of the) hill (of) the tenter”) Street name in Craig-berth-lwyd, by Mynwentycrynwyr (county of Merthyrtudful)

(4) Cae Deintur / Cae Dintur Field name (lost) in Caer-dydd.
John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) in ‘Cardiff Records’ (1889-1911), notes "Kaye y Dyntur... A field in the Treasurer’s Manor of Llandaff (1535.) It was a piece of pasture ground on the highway from Llandaff to Fairwater (1649)”

ETYMOLOGY: (1) Welsh deintur < Middle English
teyntur, tentour < French (cf modern French tenture = curtain), probably from Latin tentorium (= shelter made of stretched skins) < (tent-us + -orium); tendere (= to stretch).

(In modern English, tentorium = the endoskeleton of an insect’s head).

The Indo-European root is ten- (= to stretch), and it occurs in Welsh in
.....(1) tenau (= thin) < Celtic,
.....(2) tent / tenten (= tent) < English < French < Latin tendere,
.....(3) tétanws < Greek tetanos (= stiff),
.....(4) tantra (= book explaining Hindu philosophy) (from Sanskrit = warp),
.....(5) tôn (= tune) < English tone < Greek tonos (= string)

In English the final element -our has become -er (tenter) probably in imitation of the agent suffix -our in words from French which was replaced by -er in some words: barbour > English barber,

(2) the change of the intial segment to deint- shows the influence of Welsh daint (= teeth; an old plural of dant = tooth; the modern plural is dannedd).

In Middle Welsh daint was deint, and in derivatives this form is retained in the penult (deintydd = dentist), as in the case of other monosyllables which are ai in the modern language.


The association seems to be with the tenterhooks set like rows of teeth in a jaw, which hold the cloth as if biting it.

NOTE: (a) Also: dintur <DIN-tir>
[ˡdɪntɪr] or dintir <DIN-tir> [ˡdɪntɪr], and  dentir <DEN-tir>  [ˡdɛntɪr]

 

Example: the place name Cnwcydintir = “cnwc y deintur” in the town of Aberteifi / Cardigan, Ceredigion, South Wales.


Also occurs in mid-Wales (Sir Drefaldwyn / Montgomeryshire) “Piece of meadow Cae dintir (Mrs Mary Ann Parry), piece Cae Maen (David Davies currier), piece Werglodd-gron (Mattew Alderson), piece (Jane Evans, widow), 3 pieces (William Alderson), piece of garden (William Roberts) - all within a short distance of the long Bridge, p. Llanidloes.”

http://pstatic.powys.gov.uk/fileadmin/Docs/archives/records_catalogue/Deposited_misc/M_D_JPO_bi.pdf

 

Melin Dôl-gau, Uwchygarreg, Machynlleth. “The survey map depicts tenter racks in the enclosures Cae Dentir and Cae Dintir (NLW, Wynnstay Cyfeiliog Survey 1763, map vol. 1). (Archwilio: Cofnod Amgylchedd Hanesyddol - Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Clwyd-Powys).

Also occurs in North Wales: Cae’r Dintir, former field name in Maesygeirchen, Bangor (Gwynedd).

 

Cae Dentir. Former field name in Bradley, now in Sir Wrecsam / County of Wrexham. SJ3254.


(b) There are numerous places in England with the element “tenter”:

(1)
Tenter Ground (off White’s Row in London E1 (= Postal District East One), near Liverpool Street railroad station);

(2) Tenter Fields In Halifax there is an area so-called by the parish church
(Also in Baile Átha Cliath / Dublin (Ireland) on maps between 1800-1829, there are Tenter Fields indicated between Marrowbone Lane and Cork Street).

(3) Tenter Road / Lane / Street, etc.
.....(a) Part of present-day Outram Street in Sutton in Ashfield, Nottinghamshire was formerly known as Tenter Lane.
.....(b) In Heage in Derbyshire there is also a Tenter Lane.
.....(c) There is a Tenter Road in Moulton Park in Northampton.
.....(d) In Sheffield there is a Tenter Street.

(4) Tenteryard: At Holmsefield in Derbyshire there is a place called
Tenteryard Plantation.

:_______________________________.

deinturio <dein-TIR-yo>
[dəɪnˡtɪrjɔ] verb
1
to tenter = stretch (cloth) out on a tenter frame in order for it to dry without shrinking

ETYMOLOGY: (deintur = tenter frame) + (-io suffix for forming verbs)

:_______________________________.

deintydd <DEIN-tidh>
[ˡdəɪntɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL deintyddion <dein-TƏDH-yon>
[dəɪnˡtəðjɔn]
1
dentist

2
dentist = service of a dentist
Pam oedd doctor ac ysbyty a deintydd mor ddrud yn y dyddiau hynny?
Why were a doctor and a hospital and a dentist so expensive in those days?

ETYMOLOGY: (deint-, penult form of daint = teeth) + (-ydd suffix to indicate an agent), if not (dant = tooth) + (-ydd), with the usual change of a penult-syllable a > e before a y in the final syllable

:_______________________________.

deintydda <dein-TƏ-dha>
[dəɪnˡtəða] (verb)
1
practise the profession of dentist

:_______________________________.

deintyddfa <dein-TƏDH-va>
[dəɪnˡtəðva] feminine noun
PLURAL deintyddféydd <dein-tədh-VEIDH>
[dəɪntəðˡvəɪð]
1 dentist’s surgery; dental practice (= dentist’s surgery) (USA; dentist’s office)

ETYMOLOGY: (deintydd = dentist) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

6993_deintyddfa_cader_idris_090830
(delwedd 6993) Dolgellau, sir Gwynedd, Awst 2003. Cader Idris, mynydd ar bwys y dref, yw’r “Gader” dan sylw.
Dolgellau, county of Gwynedd, August 2003. The “Gader” is a nearby mountain “Cader Idris” (“(the) chair / fort (of) Idris”)

:_______________________________.

deintyddiaeth <dein-TƏDH-yaith, -yeth>
[dəɪnˡtəðjaɪθ, -ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1
dentistry

:_______________________________.

deintyddol <dein-TƏ-dhol>
[dəɪnˡtəðɔl] (adjective)
1
dental = relating to dentists

:_______________________________.

deisyfu <dəi-SƏ-vi>
[dəɪˡsəvɪ] (verb)
1
beseech, implore; desire

In the south-east as dishefu (qv), especially in the oath Dir dishefon ni / Duw dishefon ni (God help us)
Explained by Cadrawd in “Expressions, Proverbial Sayings, Rhymes, &c., collected in Mid-Glamorganshire. 1906”:

(See our page kimkat 0497e via the internal search tool or Google, eliminating the space after kimkat and before 0)

DUW DISHEFON NI, corruption of ‘Duw deisyfwn di,’ a peculiar kind of oath, which, if properly uttered, would be an appropriate prayer - ‘Lord we beseech Thee.’

:_______________________________.

del <DEL>
[dɛl] (adjective)
1
(North Wales) pretty

2
element in house names or place names

..a/ Delfan fair place
(del = pretty) + soft mutation + (man = place)

..b/ Delfryn fair hill
(del = pretty) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

delfan <DEL-van>
[ˡdɛlvan] masculine or feminine noun
1
(in origin, a northern word) fair place

2 Delfan house name

3 Delfan street name
..a/ Treforus (county of Abertawe)
..b/ Llansamlet (county of Abertawe)

In Pont-faen, Aber-gwaun there is a house called Delnant which is apparently “beautiful stream / valley”

ETYMOLOGY: (del = pretty, in northern Welsh) + soft mutation + (man = place)

:_______________________________.

delfrydol <del-VRƏ-dol>
[dɛlˡvrədɔl] (adjective)
1
ideal

:_______________________________.

delfryn <DEL-vrin>
[ˡdɛlvrɪn] masculine noun
1
(in origin, a northern word) fair hill

2 Delfryn house name
..a/ Aberhonddu (county of Powys) (year 1987)
..b/ Y Garth (Garth Trefor SJ2642) (Dinbych)

3 Delfryn street name
..a/ Pen-y-cae, Wrecsam
..b/ Pen-y-cae, Aber-dâr (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..c/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..d/ Capelhendre, Rhydaman (county of Caerfyrddin)

ETYMOLOGY: (del = pretty, in northern Welsh) + soft mutation + (bryn = hill)

:_______________________________.

delio <DEL-yo>
[ˡdɛljɔ] (verb)
1 deal = distribute playing cards

Mae’r deliwr yn delio’r cardiau fesul pedwar yn groes i’r cloc The dealer deals the cards four at a time going anticlockwise

:_______________________________.

deliwr <DEL-yur>
[ˡdɛljʊr] masculine noun
PLURAL delwyr <DEL-wir>
[ˡdɛlwɪr]
1
dealer = a person or business authorised by a manufacturer to sell its products
deliwr ceir car dealer (“dealer (of) cars”)
deliwr hen bethau antique dealer (“dealer (of) old things / (of) antiques”)
deliwr mewn eiddo lladrad dealer in stolen goods / stolen property
deliwr stoc livestock dealer

2 dealer = (card games) person who shuffles and gives out the cards to each player

ETYMOLOGY: (del- = stem of delio = trade, buy and sell) + (-i-wr agent suffix
NOTE: also: deiliwr

:_______________________________.

delw
<DE-lu>
[ˡdlʊ] feminine noun
PLURAL delwau
<DEL-wai, -we> [ˡdɛlwaɪ, -ɛ]
1
image

ar ddelw in the image of

Genesis 9:6 A dywallto waed dyn, trwy ddyn y tywelltir ei waed yntau, oherwydd ar ddelw DUW y gwnaeth efe ddyn.
Genesis 9:6 Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.

ar lun a delw in the image of (“in the shape and image of”)

Genesis 5:3 Ac Adda a fu fyw ddeng mlynedd ar hugain a chant, ac a genhedlodd fab ar ei lun a’i ddelw ei hun, ac a alwodd ei enw ef Seth.
Genesis 5:3 And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:

2
statue
delw o’r Forwyn a Madonna (a staue of the Virgin Mary)

3
yr un ddelw â the spitting image of
mae hwnnw’r un ddelw â ’mrawd he looks exactly like my brother, he’s the spitting image of my brother

4
idol = image representing a god
fel delw stock still
mor fud â delw “as mute as an idol”
mynd fel delw stand stock still
...Mi aeth fel delw He stood stock still (with fright)

5
(Bible) idol = false god, a god that is worshipped by heathens

Brenhinoedd-1 15.13 Ac efe a symudodd Maachah ei fam o fod yn frenhines, oherwydd gwneuthur ohoni hi ddelw mewn llwyn; ac Asa a ddrylliodd ei delw hi, ac a'i llosgodd wrth afon Cidron
Kings-1 15:13 And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her idol, and burnt it by the brook Kidron.
delw gerfiedig graven image

Exodus 20:4 Na wna i ti ddelw gerfiedig, na llun dim a'r y sydd yn y nefoedd uchod, nac a'r y sydd yn y ddaear isod, nac a'r sydd yn y dwfr tan y ddaear.
Exodus
20:4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:

6
dryllio’r delwau iconoclasm (“destroying the idols”)

Brenhinoedd-1 15.13 Ac efe a symudodd Maachah ei fam o fod yn frenhines, oherwydd gwneuthur ohoni hi ddelw mewn llwyn; ac Asa a ddrylliodd ei delw hi, ac a'i llosgodd wrth afon Cidron
Kings-1 15:13 And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her idol, and burnt it by the brook Kidron.

Exodus 23:24
Nac ymgryma i'w duwiau hwynt, ac na wasanaetha hwynt, ac na wna yn ôl eu gweithredoedd hwynt; ond llwyr ddinistria hwynt, dryllia eu delwau hwynt yn gandryll.
Exodus 23:24 Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images.

Exodus 34:13 Eithr dinistriwch eu hallorau hwynt, drylliwch eu delwau hwynt, a thorrwch i lawr eu llwynau hwynt.
Exodus 34:13 But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves:

7
buddel
pillar, post (one to which a cow is tied in a cowhouse)
< buddelw (bu = cow) + soft mutation + (delwedd = stake, post; image, idol)

8
effigy = likeness of a person (for burning, hanging, etc)
llosgi delw o rywun burn somebody in effigy
crogi delw o rywun hang somebody in effigy

9
figure
Yn yr Eglwysi Catholig mae'n anodd dod o hyd i groes heb ddelw o'r Crist Croeshoeledig arni
In the Catholic churches it’s hard to find a cross without a figure of the Crucified Christ on it

10
(coin) image

11
image, received image, icon, preconception, accepted idea
Mae'r ymchwil newydd yn chwalu ambell i ddelw. Yn groes i'r darlun parchus traddodiadol, un hoff o'i gwrw oedd yr emynwr hwn.
The new research shatters some accepted ideas. Contrary to the traditional respectable image, this hymnwriter was a person fond of beer

12
annelwig vague

syniadau annelwig vague ideas

iaith annelwig vague language, imprecise language

datganiadau annelwig vague declarations, vague statements

13 (South Wales) delff / delffyn numskull, stupid person, blockhead, dolt, idiot
delff < delf < delw (= idol, image)

14
(North Wales) del nice, pretty < del (= hard, obstinate) < delw (= statue)

15
Cynddelw man’s name (obsolete)
(cyn- = dog, warrior) + soft mutation + (delwedd = image)

16 corffddelw, corffddelwau ‹korf-DHEE-lu, korf-DHEL-wai, -.we› effigy; grave effigy, tomb effigy; a representation of a person in the form of a sculpture, often life-sized, on top of a tomb (corff = body) + soft mutation + (delwedd = image)

corffddelw bedd, corffddelwau beddau grave effigy, tomb effigy

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British delv-â < Celtic *del- (= to cut)

From the same British root:
Cornish (1) delow (= statue), occurring as dell in compound forms:
(2) fatel (= how; literally “what kind of image”),
(3) kettel (= as soon as; keth
[= same] + dell [= image]),
(4) yndella (= in that way, similarly – y’n dell na in the image there),
(5) yndellma (= in this way, thus – y’n dell ma in the image here),

From the same Celtic root: Irish dealbh (= statue)


:_______________________________.

delwi <DEL-wi>
[ˡdɛlwɪ] (verb)
1
stand stock still, freeze

2 petrify, paralyse
bod wedi delwi gan ofn be petrified = be paralysed with fear
sefyll fel un wedi delwi freeze with fear (“stand like someone who has petrified”)

:_______________________________.

delwriaeth <de-LUR-yaith, -yeth>
[dɛˡlʊrjaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
PLURAL delwriaethwyr <de-lur-YEITH-wir>
[dɛlʊrˡjəɪθwɪr]
1
dealership = business which is authorised by a manufacturer to sell its products
y ddelwriaeth = the dealership

ETYMOLOGY: (del- = stem of deliwr = dealer) + (-wriaeth suffix for forming abstract nouns taking the place of the agent suffix -wr or -iwr)

:_______________________________.

delyn <DEE-lin>
[ˡdeˑlɪn] feminine noun
1
the soft-mutated form of telyn (= harp)
canu’r delyn = play the harp
Caedelyn = cae’r delyn (field names) “harp field”, field in the shape of a triangle

2 Delyn street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of Wrecsam)

:_______________________________.

Delyn <DEE-lin>
[ˡdeˑlɪn]
1
district (dosbarth) of the county of Clwyd between 1974 – 1996. Administrative centre: the town of Y Fflint

2 Name of an electoral constituency here which sends a member to the English Parliament in London. The name remains even though the district has been abolished.

Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 17.1% (1991)

ETYMOLOGY: Telyn means “harp” and y delyn is ‘the harp’. Although a triangular-shaped field is often called Cae’r Delyn or Cae Delyn (harp field) in Welsh, and this county was vaguely triangular, this name is not Welsh in origin.

The name is an English pseudo-Welsh name., combining two river names - the English name of the river Dyfrdwy – the river “Dee” – and the English form of the river Alun - “Alyn”. (Alyn is a Welsh misspelling which is used as the ‘English’ form).

The ridiculous pseudo-Welsh ‘Delyn’ was probably no accident – presumably somebody came up with Dee-Alyn and the similarity to Welsh delyn somebody noticed.

Maybe “Lyndee” would have been a more appropriate combination. It looks English, as an English word should, and is equally ridiculous.

It genuine Welsh name though would not have been hard to find or devise.
But if it was so important to combine the names of two rivers - why not just “Alun a Dyfrdwy”, which is how the parliamentary constituency is called in Welsh.

:_______________________________.

*dem

Celt
ic root (= to build), related to Latin domus (= house)

Occurs in cynefin (= familiar, habitual; usual haunt, habitat, sheepwalk), British *kon-dom-in-

IE *dem-h- to domesticate, tame; English tame, German zahmen; Latin domare; Welsh addef (= acknowledge, admit)

:_______________________________.

democratiaeth <de-mo-KRAT-yaith, -yeth>
[dɛmɔˡkratjaɪθ, -ɛθ] (feminine noun)
1
democracy

:_______________________________.

den ni <DE-ni>
[ˡdɛnɪ] (verb)
1
we are (NE Wales)

:_______________________________.

denu <DEE-ni>
[ˡdeˑnɪ] (verb)
1
attract
denu at
attract to
bod wedi eich denu at rywbeth ar eich gwaetha’ be irresistibly attracted to something (“be after your attracting towards something on your worst”)

2
entice, coax
denu rhywun i wneud rhywbeth entice / coax somebody to do something

:_______________________________.

deol <DEE-ol>
[ˡdeˑɔl] verb
1
(obsolete) exclude, separate, deprive

2 It is found in the current Welsh word ymddeol (= retire)

(“exclude oneself”, ym- prefix with a reflexive meaning, “oneself”)

ETYMOLOGY: Celtic *de-eks-ol (= expel) < *ela (= to lead, to begin)

:_______________________________.

deoledig <de-ol-EE-dig>
[dɛɔlˡeˑdɪg]
1
(adjective) expelled, deported

2 (masculine or feminine noun) deportee, person deported, person expelled
y deoledigion the deportees

ETYMOLOGY: (deol- stem of the verb deol = expel) (-edig suffix for forming a past participle adjective)

:_______________________________.

depo cyflenwadau amaethyddol <DE-po kəv-len-WAA-dai, -de, a-mei-THƏ-dhol>
[ˡdɛpɔ kəvlɛnˡwɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ, aməɪˡθəðɔl] (masculine noun)
1
agricultural supplies depot

 

:_______________________________.

der- <der>
[dɛr]  
1
from derw = oak trees; the ‘w’ is often lost in compounds beginning with derw

derwlwyn > derlwyn oak grove

derwgoed > dergoed oak wood

derwlys > derlys > derllys oak court

:_______________________________.

derbyn <DER-bin>
[ˡdɛrbɪn] (verb)
1
receive

:_______________________________.

derbyniad, derbyniadau <der-BIN-yad, der-bin-YAA-de>
[dɛrˡbɪnjad, dɛrbɪnˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
reception (TV, radio)
2 acceptance
3 reception = welcome

:_______________________________.

derbyniol <der-BƏN-yol>
[dɛrˡbənjɔl] (adjective)
1
(Grammar) accusative
Abbreviation = drb.

2
acceptable

annerbyniol unacceptable

:_______________________________.

derbyn wyneb <DER-bin UI-neb>
[ˡdɛrbɪn ˡʊɪnɛb] verb
1
be biassed, show favouritism (“accept a face”)
Rhaid ichi beidio â derbyn wyneb you must not show any favouritism, you must be impartial

Pedr-1 1:17 Ac os ydych yn galw ar y Tad, yr hwn sydd heb dderbyn wyneb yn barnu
yn ôl gweithred pob un, ymddygwch mewn ofn dros amser eich ymdeithiad

Peter-1 1:17 And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man’s work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear

Epistol Cyffredinol Iago Yr Apostol 2:1 Fy mrodyr, na fydded gennych ffydd ein Harglwydd ni Iesu Grist, sef Arglwydd y gogoniant, gyda derbyn wyneb.

Saint James’ Gospel 2:1 My brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons.

Epistol Cyffredinol Iago Yr Apostol 2:9 Eithr os derbyn wyneb yr ydych, yr ydych yn gwneuthur pechod, ac yn cael eich argyhoeddi gan y gyfraith megis troseddwyr.
2:9 But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.


2
di-dderbyn-wyneb (= di dderbyn wyneb) impartial, showing no favouritism; unswayed / uncowed / unimpressed by somebody’s status or importance, direct, frank, unfawning

beirniad di-dderbyn-wyneb a llym oedd Wiliam Bifan Wiliam Bifan was a stern and impartial adjudicator

yr oedd bob amser yn barod i ddweyd ei feddwl yn eglur a di-dderbyn-wyneb ar bob pwnc
He was always ready to speak his mind clearly and openly on all subjects

bod yn ddi-dderbyn-wyneb be unswayed by somebody’s status or importance, be no respecter of rank

siarad yn ddi-dderbyn-wyneb speak without fear or favour, speak openly

Yr oedd yn rhy ddi-dderbyn-wyneb i blesio ei gyd-swyddogion, fel na chafodd unrhyw swydd o bwys erioed
He was too direct to please his fellow officers so he never achieved any position of importance

ETYMOLOGY: ‘accept a face’ (derbyn = receive, accept) + (wyneb = face)

:_______________________________.

derch <DERKH>
[dɛrx] adjective
1
elevated, exalted, high (used in poetry in the 1800s)
Cyfodwn yn y borau
Ar ol ein lludded mawr,
Tra’r haul o’i dderch ororau
Yn agor dorau’r wawr.
(Mynydau Hamddenol: Ail Lyfr Nathan Wyn. 1905. Tudalen 25)
We get up in the morning / After our great tiredness / While the sun from its region on high / Opens the doors of dawn

ETYMOLOGY: Word coined by William Owen-Pughe, and which appears in his dictionary of 1794 (derch = ‘elevated, exalted or high’), from the verb derchu, a variant of derchafu, itself a variant of dyrchafu (= to exalt, raise high)

:_______________________________.

dere <DEE-re>
[ˡdeˑrɛ] (verb)
1
(South Wales) come! The Northern equivalent: is tyrd, ty’d

:_______________________________.

Derec <DEE-rek>
[ˡdeˑrɛk] (masculine noun)
1
Derek - man’s name
:_______________________________.

Derfael <DER-vail>
[ˡdɛrvaɪl] (masculine noun)
1
Man’s name. See Derfel below.

:_______________________________.

Derfel <DER-vel>
[ˡdɛrvɛl] masculine noun
1
man’s name, found in the place name Llandderfel (SH9837), a village in Gwynedd, 6km east o Y Bala. There is also a hill by the village called Bryn Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)

If not directly from the place names, the forename is from Robert Jones Derfel (1824-1905), a radical author born near Llandderfel, who adopted Derfel as a surname.

2 Derfel
House name in Pwllheli (county of Gwynedd)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)


ETYMOLOGY: Derwfael <DER
u-vail> [ˡdɛrwvaɪl] (derw = true, mael = prince, leader).

..a/ Derwfael > Derfael
[ˡdɛrvaɪl] (Loss of the consonant “w”, typical in such compounds. Cf derwlwyn (= oak grove) > derlwyn, carwlam (= leap of a stag) > ar garlam (= galloping), where the medial “w” has been dropped.

..b/ Derfael > Derfel Colloquially over most of Wales a final “ae” becomes “e”.

7492_7423_seren_seran_y_bala_090409
(delwedd 7492)

:_______________________________.

dergoed <DER-goid>
[ˡdɛrgɔɪd]
1 oak wood
Dergoed street name in Brychdyn Newydd, Wrescam

ETYMOLOGY: dergoed < der’goed < derwgoed <DER
u-goid> [ˡdɛrwgɔɪd]
(derw = oak trees) + soft mutation + (coed = trees, wood)

:_______________________________.

deri <DEE-ri>
[ˡdeˑrɪ]
1 oak trees, oaks; plural of dâr (= oak tree)

2 Danyderi “below the oak trees”
Street name in
..a/ Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (“Dan y Deri”)
..b/ Y Fenni (county of Mynwy) (“Dan y Deri”)

3 Y Deri House name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911)
“DERI, Y (the oaks.) Now corruptly styled "The Dairy Farm." A homestead a little north-east of Roath church.” (Roath is Y Rhath, Caer-dydd)

4
Y Deri House name noted by John Hobson Mathews (Mab Cernyw) 'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) “DERI, Y (the oaks.) A tenement in or near Whitchurch, 1735.” (Whitchurch is Yr Eglwysnewydd, Caer-dydd)

5 Y Deri (SO1201) locality in the county of Caerffili.

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1201

In this village there is a street called
Deri Newydd (“new Deri”)

Coed Deri Newydd SO1202 woodland by Deri Newydd “(the) wood (of) Deri Newydd”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/625374

ETYMOLOGY: (dâr = oak tree) + (-i plural suffix)

:_______________________________.

Deri Newydd <DEE-ri NEU-idh>
[ˡdeˑrɪˡ nɛʊɪð]
1 street name in Y Deri (county of Caerffili) (“New Deri”)

ETYMOLOGY: “new Deri”. Used after a village name, as is to be expected newydd denotes a new settlement replacing older settlement, or an newer addition to a settlement. The name of the village Y Deri means “oak wood, oak trees”

:_______________________________.

derllwyn <der -lhuin> masculine noun
1
oak wood

2
street name:
Heol Derllwyn in Y Ton-du (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (officially: ‘Derllwyn Road’)

ETYMOLOGY: derlwyn (= oak wood) > derllwyn.

With rl > rll, that is, with the suppression of the soft mutation, possibly in imitation of –rll- in perllan (= orchard)

:_______________________________.

derlwyn <DER-lhuin>
[ˡdɛrɬʊɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL derlwyni <der-LUI-ni>
[dɛrˡlʊɪnɪ]
1
oak wood

2 street name
.....(1) Derlwyn Cilái (county of Abertawe) (on street signs as ‘Derlwyn’)
.....(2) Derlwyn Pen-y-waun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (on street signs as ‘Derlwyn’)
.....(3) Heol Derlwyn Rhiwbina (Caer-dydd) (on street signs as ‘Heol Derlwyn’)
.....(4) Heol Derlwyn Tredegar (county of Caerffili) (on street signs as ‘Derlwyn Street’)

ETYMOLOGY: derlwyn < der’lwyn < derw-lwyn (derw = oak trees) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)

:_______________________________.

Derlwyn <der -luin> masculine noun
1
man’s name (infrequent)

ETYMOLOGY: From the place name Derlwyn ‘oak wood’. See previous entry

:_______________________________.

Derllys <DER-lhis>
[ˡdɛrɬɪs]
1 kúmmud (cwmwd) or subdivision of Cantref Gwarthaf, a kántrev (cantref) or division of the country of Dyfred

7391_map_cantref_gwarthaf_090216

Apparently “oak court” (derw = oak trees) + soft mutation + (llys = court) > derwlys > der’lys > derllys

:_______________________________.

deru <DEE-ri>
[ˡdeˑrɪ] verb
1
(= darfu) it has happened
Neli: Beth ydi’r mater?
Meri: Dim ond y deru i mi wel’d y lleuad newydd am y tro cynta’ trwy gwmwl.
(Dadleuon Buddugol Eisteddfod Caerfyrddin 1911 t. 40)
Neli: What’s the matter?
Meri: Only that I’ve seen / I’ve happened to see the new moon for the first time through a cloud

:_______________________________.

1..derw; plural of derwen <DE-ru> (plural noun) (material) oak trees; plural of derwen
<DER-wen>
[ˡdɛrwɛn]

:_______________________________.

2..derw <DEE-ru>
[ˡdeˑrʊ]
1
(obsolete) true, real

It occurs as an element in a number of compound words in modern Welsh
(a) cefnder (= male cousin) < cefnderw (cyf = together) + (nai = nephew) + derw

(b) cyfnither (= female cousin) < cefnitherw (cyf = together) + (nith = niece) + derw

(c) Derwfael <DER-vail>
[ˡdɛrvaɪl] (= man's name), now Derfael, Derfel (derw = true, mael = prince, leader). The medial “w” has been dropped, and colloquially a final “ae” becomes “e”.

The name is found
(1) in the place name Llandderfel (SH9837), a village in Gwynedd, 6km east o Y Bala;

(2) and also as a forename Derfel, taken from this place name, or from Robert Jones Derfel, (1824-1905), a radical author born near Llandderfel, who adopted Derfel as a surname.

There is also a hill by the village called Bryn Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)

ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish dearbh (= real, true), Scottish dearbh (= sure, certain)

:_______________________________.

derwen, derw <DER-wen>
[ˡdɛrwɛn] <DEE-ru> [ˡdeˑrʊ] (feminine noun)
1
oak tree
y dderwen= the oak tree

2 crachdderwen (“stunted oak”)
(crach = small, stunted) + soft mutation + (derwen = oak)
This is another name for derwen ddigoes (Quercus petraea) sessile oak

3 derlwyn oak wood

derlwyn < der’lwyn < derw-lwyn (derw = oak trees) + soft mutation + (llwyn = wood)

llwyn derw oak wood

Llwynderw (as a settlement name – house, village) Oakwood

:_______________________________.

Derwen-deg <DER-wen DEEG>
[ˡdɛrwɛn ˡdeːg] feminine noun
1
house name;

2 street name in
.....(1) Pontardawe (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (‘Derwen Deg’)
.....(2) Ystradmynach (county of Caerffili) (‘Derwendeg Ave’)
.....(3) Glyn-coch (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (‘Derwendeg Ave’)
.....(4) Heol Derwen-deg / Heol y Dderwen-deg Caer-dydd (‘Fairoak Road’)

3 farm name

SN5417 (“Derwendeg Farm”) by Maes-y-bont (Caerfyrddin)

ETYMOLOGY: ‘the fair oak, the bonny oak’ (derwen = oak, oak tree) + soft mutation + (teg = fair)

:_______________________________.

derwenfa
<der-WEN-va>
[dɛrˡwɛnva] feminine noun
1
“place of the oak tree”
House name in Dinbych (county of Dinbych) (in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)

ETYMOLOGY: (derwen = oak) + (-fa noun-forming suffix, indicating a place)

:_______________________________.

Derwfael <DERW-vail>
[ˡdɛrwvaɪl] masculine noun
1
(male) saint’s name; found in the place name Llandderfel (SH9837), a village in Gwynedd, 6km east of Y Bala

2 Derfel, forename taken from the place name Llandderfel, or from Robert Jones Derfel, (1824-1905), a radical author born near Llandderfel, who adopted Derfel as a surname.

There is also a hill by the village called Bryn Derfel (“(the) hill (of) Derfel”)

ETYMOLOGY: (derw = true) + soft mutation + (mael = leader)
Derfael > Derfel
The medial “w” has been dropped, and colloquially a final “ae” becomes “e”.

(delwedd 7517)

7517_7423_seren_seran_y_bala_090427

(delwedd 7517)
:_______________________________.

derwgoed <DERW-goid>
[ˡdɛrwgɔɪd] masculine noun
1 oakwood
2 place names:
..a/ Derwgoed in Cefnddwysarn (SH9638) (county of Gwynedd). The local pronunciation is Drewgoed <DREU-goid>
[ˡdrɛʊgɔɪd] as if it meant “Stink-wood” (drew-, stem of drewi = to stink)

3
in compound words there is a tendency for this consonantal w to be dropped

Thus derwgoed <DERW-goid>
[ˡdɛrwgɔɪd] > der’goed > dergoed <DER-goid> [ˡdɛrgɔɪd]
Dergoed is a street name in Brychdyn Newydd, Wrescam

ETYMOLOGY: (derw = oak trees) + soft mutation + (coed = trees, wood)

:_______________________________.

derwin <DER-win>
[ˡdɛrwɪn] adjective
1 (obsolete) oaken, made of oak; quercine

2 abounding in oaks
bryn hill

Bryn Derwin ‘oak hill’

Brwydr Bryn Derwin The Battle of Bryn Derwin (June 1255) in Eifionydd in Gwynedd, the location of which is now unknown. In fact it was a short skirmish one hour long, between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and two of his brothers, Dafydd ap Gruffudd and Owain Goch ap Gruffydd. Llywelyn won the day and Owain and Dafydd were both imprisoned.

Owain remained in prison and died there over thirty years later around 1282.

Dafydd was released and was involved in the governance of Gwynedd but in 1263 he sided with the English king Henry III to attack Llywelyn and although restored to favour, he again joined Henry III in 1274.

In 1282 Dafydd fought against the English, was captured, and was tortured and hanged in Shrewsbury in October 1283.

Brynderwin ‘oak hill’ (lost name in Clynnog, Gwynedd)
Brynderwyn (qv) (probably from ‘Brynderwin / Bryn Derwin’) place in New Zealand

bwlch pass, gap
Bwlchderwin ‘oak gap’ (lost name in Clynnog, Gwynedd)

3 (obsolete) (masculine noun) oak timber, oak wood (material)

ETYMOLOGY: (der7003_w_gytsain_081018- penultimate-syllable form of derw = oak wood) + (-in adjectival suffix)

:_______________________________.

derwlwyn <DERW-luin>
[ˡdɛrWlʊɪn] masculine noun
1
(literary), (place-name element) oakwood

ETYMOLOGY: (derw = oaks) + soft mutation + (llwyn = bosc)
NOTE: Also written derlwyn (qv)

:_______________________________.

derwydd <DER-uidh>
[ˡdɛrʊɪð] masculine noun
PLURAL derwyddon <der-UI-dhon>
[dɛrˡʊɪðɔn]
1
druid = member of a class of priests amongst the Celts of Britain and Gaul

2 druid = member of the highest order of Gorsedd y Beirdd (the congress of the bards / poets)
archdderwydd = archdruid, leader of Gorsedd y Beirdd (congress of bards), elected for a period of three years
Urdd y Derwyddon = the Order of Druids

3 druid = member of a benefit society established in London in 1781 called the Ancient Order of Druids, meeting in lodges which it designated as groves

4 druid = (especially in England and the United States) present-day practitioner of pagan rites which are supposedly Celtic

ETYMOLOGY: In poetry of the 1200-1400 period derwydd meant “prophet, wise man”.
Because the words derw (= oak trees) and derwydd (= druid) are so similar in form, it might (wrongly) be supposed that one is a derivative of the other – either that a druid is a “worshipper in oak groves” or that an oak is “the druids’ tree”.

Dr. John Davies (c. 1567-1644, of Llanferres, Dinbych), lexicographer (author of the 1632 Welsh-Latin Dictionary) and translator of the Bible, aware of the similarity in form and meaning between the Welsh word ‘derwydd’ and the Latin ‘druid(ae)’, was the first to propose a link between “derwydd / druid-” and “derw”.

Thomas Wiliems (1545/6-1622), of Trefriw, now in the county of Conwy, but formerly in the county of Dinbych, lexicographer and genealogist, also thought there was a link (though whether the Welsh word and the Latin word which comes from Celtic are at all connected is a moot point).

Latin druid(ae) was from Gaulish druid(es). In Old Irish there is a corresponding word drui, with an accusative and dative stem druid-

Dr. John Davies’ supposition, although long since shown to be etymologically untenable, has become a popular one.

According to believers in the ‘oak tree’ connection, derwydd (= druid) is said to be “tree knowledge” - (derw = oak trees) + soft mutation + (gwydd <guidh>
[gʊɪð] = knowledge) – a very unlikely and unusual explanation.

More likely it is derwydd < *dar-wydd (dar- = intensifying prefix) + soft mutation + (gwydd-) This latter element is found in other compound words meaning ‘seeing / knowing’, such as (gwybod = to know) < *gwydd-fod.

The compound form is probably pre-Welsh (e.g. British do-are-vid-. The British compound prefix do-are- became dar in Welsh, and the element vid- became gwydd).

dar- > der- trough the influence of the y in the diphthong wy

The ‘tree knowledge’ explanation tends to be accepted unquestioned by writers not in possession of a copy of Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / the University of Wales Dictionary!

:_______________________________.

derwydd <DER-widh>
[ˡdɛrwɪð]
1
oak trees
2
Derwydd SN6117 mansion in the county of Caerfyrddin 2km north of Llandybïe and 5km south of Llandeilo

 

 

Glynderwydd < glyn y dwerwydd ‘glen of the oak trees’

 

ANTURIAETHAU HABAKKUK CRABB. GAN CLWYDWENFRO. PENOD XXIII. TROI Y BYRDDAU. Teimlai Habakkuk y byddai yn anmhosibl iddo i oddiweddyd Mr Rhys cyn y gwnai gyrhaedd i Glynderwydd, gan ei fod wedi cael gormod o'r blaen, er mai hyny oedd ei fwriad cyntaf, ar ol clywed ei fod wedi myned i ‘ffau y llewpard,' fel y galwai ef Glynderwydd, er pan ddiangodd oddiyno. Siomiant iddo ef oedd ei fod yn rhy ddiweddar i atal amryfusedd. Y Tyst. 25 Gorffennaf 1900.

None

(delwedd 4901)

ETYMOLOGY: (derw = oaks) + soft mutation + (gwydd = trees)

:_______________________________.

derwyddes <der-UI-dhes>
[dɛrˡʊɪðɛs] feminine noun
PLURAL derwyddesau <der-ui-DHE-sai, -se>
[dɛrʊɪðˡɛsaɪ, -ɛ]
1
female druid, druidess
y dderwyddes = the druidess

ETYMOLOGY: (derwydd = druid) + (-iaeth suffix for indicating a female)

:_______________________________.

derwyddiaeth <der-UIDH-yaith, -yeth>
[dɛrˡʊɪjaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
1
druidism = the practice of druidic rites

ETYMOLOGY: (derwydd = druid) + (-iaeth = -ism, suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

derwyddol <der-UI-dhol>
[dɛrˡʊɪðɔl] adjective
1
druidic

ETYMOLOGY: (derwydd = druid) + (-iaeth = suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.

’deryn <DEE-rin>
[ˡdeˑrɪn] (m)
1
clipped form of aderyn (qv) (= bird)

Mae e’n dipyn o deryn (said of someone who is no quite reliable or not very responsible, someone who is carefree and mischievous but is likeable and amusing) He’s a bit of a lad

:_______________________________.

desg <DESK>
[ˡdɛsk] feminine noun
PLURAL desgiau <DESK-yai, -ye>
[ˡdɛskjaɪ, -ɛ]
1
desk = piece of furniture with a surface for writing, and often drawers underneath
y ddesg the desk
dyddiadur desg desk diary = large diary for noting appointments; agenda

Nid yw dyddiadur desg y Lolfa yn uniaith Gymraeg mwyach
The desk diary (published by) Y Lolfa is no longer in Welsh throughout

2
desk = service counter in a hotel or a public building

(sign) desg ar gau position closed (“desk closed”)

ETYMOLOGY: English desk, probably Medieval Latin desca (= table)

:_______________________________.

desg dalu, desgiau talu <desk-DAA-li, DESK-yai , -ye, TAA-li>
[dɛsk ˡdɑˑlɪ, ˡdɛskjaɪ, -jɛ ˡtɑˑlɪ] (feminine noun)
1
(supermarket) cash desk, checkout

:_______________________________.

desg ysgrifennu <desk ə-skri-VE-ni>
[dɛsk əskrɪˡvɛnɪ] (feminine noun)
1
writing desk

:_______________________________.

destlus <DEST-lis>
[ˡdɛstlɪs] (adjective)
1
tidy

:_______________________________.

deuawd, deuawdau <DEI-aud, dei-AU-dai, -de>
[ˡdəɪaʊd, dəɪˡaʊdaɪ, -ɛ] (masculine noun)
1
duet

:_______________________________.

deuben <DEI-ben>
[ˡdəɪbɛn] masculine noun
NOTE: there is also an older form deupen, without soft mutation, in use

1 two heads
cael y ddeupen ynghyd make ends meet (“get the two ends together”)

2 (modifier) two-headed
cyhyryn deuben biceps
trên deuben double-header, train drawn by two engines coupled together
eryr deuben double-headed eagle

ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (pen = head)

:_______________________________.

deubeth <DEI-beth>
[ˡdəɪbɛθ] masculine noun
1
two things
y ddeubeth ar yr un pryd the two things at the same time

ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (peth = thing)

:_______________________________.

deublyg <DEI-blig>
[ˡdəɪblɪg] adjective
1
folded over
syrthio yn eich deublyg (person) fall in a heap
bod yn eich deublyg (person) be fallen in a heap

2 twofold = (purpose) satisfying two aims at the same time
Byddai mantais ddeublyg i gynllun o’r fath
There would be a twofold advantage to such a plan

3 (roof) double-pitched
to deublyg double-pitched roof, roof like an inverted V

ETYMOLOGY: “folded in two” (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (plyg = folded, stem of the verb plygu = to fold)

:_______________________________.

deud <DEID>
[ˡdəɪd] (verb)
1
(North Wales) (= dweud, standard colloquial) say (North Wales)
In the South: gweud

:_______________________________.

deuddeg <DEI-dheg>
[ˡdəɪðɛg] (masculine noun)
1
twelve
2 y deuddeg apostol the twelve apostles

:_______________________________.

deuddegfed <dei-DHEG-ved>
[dəɪˡðɛgvɛd] (adjective)
1
twelfth

:_______________________________.

Deuddrwg ni wna ddaioni <DEI-dhrug nii WNAA dhai-OO-ni>
[ˡdəɪðrʊg niː wnɑ: ðaɪˡoˑnɪ]
1
Two wrongs don’t make a right

ETYMOLOGY: (deuddrwg = two bad deeds) + (ni = not) + soft mutation + (gwna = does, makes) + soft mutation + (daioni = good, goodness)

:_______________________________.

Deuddwr <DEI-dhur>
[ˡdəɪðʊr]
1
A kúmmud / cwmwd in Powys

Llansanffráid Deuddwr (SN2118) (parish in the district of Maldwyn, county of Powys) “(the place called) Llansanffráid (which is) (in) (the kúmmud / cwmwd of) Deuddwr .

2
The name survives as that of a hamlet SJ2417

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548122

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548146

To the west is Tyddyndeuddwr SJ2317 “(the) smallholding (by) Deuddwr”

(On the map as Tyddyn Dauddwr)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/548139 Tyddyndeuddwr

ETYMOLOGY: “two streams / two rivers” (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (dŵr = stream, river; water)

:_______________________________.

deudro <DEI-dro>
[ˡdəɪdrɔ]
1
twice, two turns
ar ddeudro the second time, with the second try (“on two turns”)
Fe wnaeth e hi ar ddeudro Hi managed it the second time

ETYMOLOGY: (deu- = dau two ) + soft mutation + (tro = turn).

:_______________________________.

deudroed
<DEI-droid>
[ˡdəɪdrɔɪd]
1
two feet
mynd ar eich deudroed walk it, go by Shanks’s pony, walk because there is no other way of going – no bike, car, horse, etc

ETYMOLOGY: (deu- = dau two ) + soft mutation + (troed = foot). The noun is singular afdter a numeral

:_______________________________.

deudwll <DEI-dulh>
dəɪdʊɬ] adjective
1
two-holed, having two holes, of two holes
ebill deudwll “auger for making two holes”, in the expression
chwilio am ebill deudwll be on a fool’s errand (“look for a two-hole auger”)

ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (twll = hole)

:_______________________________.

deufin <DEI-vin>
[ˡdəɪvɪn] adjective
1
two-edged
bwyell ddeufin double-headed axe
cleddyf deufin two-edged sword

ETYMOLOGY: (deu = two) + soft mutation + (min = edge)

:_______________________________.

deufis <DEI-vis>
[ˡdəɪvɪs] masculine noun
1
two months
ychydig dros ddeufis yn ôl just over two months ago

ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + soft mutation + (mis = month)

:_______________________________.

deugain <DEI-gain, -gen>
[ˡdəɪgaɪn, -ɛn] (masculine noun)
1
("two twenties") forty

:_______________________________.

deugeinfed <dei-GEN-ved>
[dəɪˡgɛnvɛd] (adjective)
1
fortieth

:_______________________________.

deugymesur <dei-gə-ME-sir>
[dəɪgəˡmɛsɪr] adjective
1
bisymmetrical = showing bilateral symmetry

ETYMOLOGY: (deu = two) + soft mutation + (cymesur = of the same measure, commensurate)

:_______________________________.

deuir <DEI-ir>
dəɪɪr] verb
1
passive form of dod (= to come) “it is come”, translated in English as the impersonal ‘one comes’

Yr ardal gyntaf y deuir iddi wrth fyned o’r Bala i Ffestinog neu Drawsfynydd ar hyd yr hen ffordd ydyw cymydogaeth Tal-y-bont
The first area one comes to when going from Y Bala to Ffestiniog or Trawsfynydd along the old road is the neighbourhood of Tal-y-bont

ETYMOLOGY: (deu root of dod / dyfod = to come) + (-ir impersonal ending, present-future tense)
:_______________________________.

deunaw <DEI-nau>
[ˡdəɪnaʊ] (masculine noun)
1
(literally: "two nines") nineteen

Tirdeunaw village in Abertawe (land + nineteen, probably “nineteen-acre piece of land”) SS6597

http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/171986 map

:_______________________________.

deunawfed <dei-NAU-ved>
[dəɪˡnaʊvɛd] (masculine noun)
1
nineteenth

ETYMOLOGY: (deunaw = nineteen) + (-fed ending to indincate an ordinal number, as English “-th”)

:_______________________________.

deuparth <DEI-parth>
[ˡdəɪparθ] (masculine noun)
1
two thirds

ETYMOLOGY: (deu-, penult form of dau = two) + (parth = part).

(deu-) + soft mutation + (parth) > *deubarth might br expected, since dau always causes soft mutation in modern Welsh, but in older Welsh such a mutation did not always occur after dau

:_______________________________.

deupen <DEI-pen>
[ˡdəɪpɛn] (masculine noun)
1
two ends

2 llosgi'r gannwyll yn ei deupen burn the candle at both ends, exhaust oneself (“burn the candle in its two ends”)

Also: llosgi'r gannwyll yn y ddeupen (“burn the candle in the two ends”)
See deuben

:_______________________________.

deuswllt <DEI-sulht>
[ˡdəɪsʊɬt] (masculine noun)
1
(obsolete) two shillings

:_______________________________.

Deuteronomium <dei-ter-on-OM-yum>
[dəɪtɛrɔnˡɔmjʊm] masculine noun
1
The fifth book of the Old Testament; it includes a second statement of Mosaic Law

ETYMOLOGY: “second law” Latin Deuteronomium < Greek Deuteronomion (deuteros = second) + (nomia = law, a word related to nemein = distribute, control)

:_______________________________.

Deva <DEE-va>
[ˡdɛˑva]
1 Roman name for the settlement at Chester, England

In fact, the British word for “goddess” - it was the name of the the river and its river goddess. Called Dee in English, and Dyfrdwy in Welsh (“(the) river (of) Deva”) (dyfr- penult form of dwfr, nowadays dŵr = water; stream, river) + (dwy = goddess, Deva)

2
In English street names in the north-east
1) “Deva Avenue” (which would be Ffordd Deva / Coedlan Deva in Welsh)
..a) Saltney (county of Y Fflint)
..b) Ceicona (county of Y Fflint)
..c) Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)

2) “Deva Business Park” (which in Welsh would be Parc Busnes Deva) Sealand (county of Y Fflint)

3) “Deva Close” (which in Welsh would be Clos Deva)
..a) Llandrillo yn Rhos (county of Conwy)
..b) Y Fflint (county of Y Fflint)

4) “Deva Crescent” (which in Welsh would be Cilgant Deva), Y Rhyl (county of Dinbych)

5) “Deva Terrace” (which in Welsh would be Rhestai Deva), Owrtyn (county of Wrecsam)

6)
“Deva Way” (which in Welsh would be Ffordd Deva), Wrecsam (county of Wrecsam)

Bryn Deva SJ2869 name of a primary school in Golfftyn
“hill (overlooking the river which is called) Deva (in Latin)”

http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=332466

:_______________________________.

DEVOICING
1
in Welsh forms (consonant between a vowel and w) V-C-w

..a/ “g” becomes “c”, that is, [g] > [k]
Tegwyn (man’s name), also as Tecwyn
Llandegwyn > Llandecwyn
(SH6337) locality and parish in Gwynedd

..b/ “f” becomes “w”, that is, [v] > [w]
Wigfair > Wigfer > Wicwer (SJ0271) (locality by Dinbych, North Wales)

http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ0271 map (where spelt Wigfair)

2 Examples of devocing in English of words taken from Welsh:

..a/ dd final <dh> [
ð] > th <th> [θ]
Gruffudd > English “Griffith”
Lecwydd (place by Caer-dydd) > “Leckwith”
For more examples, see dd

..b/ f [v] > ff [f]
Taf (river name) > “Taff”
Caer-dyf (original form of Caer-dydd, capital of Wales) > “Cardiff”
For more examples, see f

..c/ g [g] > ck [k]

Llangatwg > “Llangattock”

For more examples, see g

:_______________________________.

dew <DEU>
[dɛʊ] adjective
1
Soft mutated form (t > d) de tew = fat
merch dew a fat girl (there is soft mutation of the first consonant of an adjective which follows a feminine noun)

In the past there was soft mutation with an adjective after a man’s name in forming epithets, and there are examples in modern Welsh

Twm Bach Dew (fat little Tom). This example is from the magazine “Llafar Gwlad” (loosely translatable as ‘oral tradition’), number 73, Haf (summer) 2001. It appeared in an article by Bobi Owen on nicknames in the town of Dinbych (‘Denbigh’ in English)

:_______________________________.

dewch
<DEUKH> [dɛʊx] (verb)
1
come ("chi" form), from the verb dod = to come

:_______________________________.

Dewi <DEU-i>
[ˡdeʊɪ]
1
also Dewi Sant
Saint David, the patron saint of Wales

2 man's name (Before the 20th century it was not given as a forename. Previously the Welsh equivalent of ‘David’ was Dafydd as a Christian name).

Dewi referred only to the patron saint although in the 19th century it began to be used in the pseudonyms of bards (usually where the official baptismal name was the English name David; the name actually used within a family in such cases was Dafydd).

7447_dewi_gwyrfai_090321
(delwedd 7447)

3 Capeldewi ‘(the) chapel (of) (saint) David’ (capel = chapel) + (Dewi = David)
..1/ (SN6382) locality in the county of Ceredigion, 5km east of Aberystwyth
..2/ (SN4542) locality in Ceredigion, 4km northeast of Llandysul
..3/ (SN4720) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin, 6km east of Caerfyrddin,

4
Dewi Ddyfrwr <D
EU-i DHƏ-vrur> [ˡdeʊɪ ˡðəvrʊr] ‘David water-man’, ‘David the water drinker’, an epithet given to the saint because of his abstention from alcohol

5 Gŵyl Ddewi, also without soft mutation Gŵyl Dewi (“(the) feastday (of) David”) Saint David’s Day, the first of March; the national day of Wales

6
Llanddewi (“(the) church (of) David”), the name of a number of churches

7
Tyddewi (SM7525) (“(the) house (of) David”, the monastery of David), name of a village in the county of Penfro, where there is the cathedral of Saint David, and centre of the south-western diocese

8
Ynys Dewi (SM7023) (“(the) island (of) David”) an island 3km southwest of Penmaen Dewi, near Tyddewi
English name: Ramsey Island

Swnt Dewi (“(the) strait (of) David”) a strait between the Welsh mainland and the island called Ynys Dewi
English name: Ramsey Sound

9
Penmaen Dewi (SM7227) headland in the county of Penfro, south-west Wales, near Tyddewi (“(the) headland (of saint) David”) (pemaen = headland, point, promontory) + (Dewi = Saint David)
English name: Saint David’s Head

ETYMOLOGY: Dewi < Dewy < Dewydd < British < Latin Davîd-

NOTE: The form Dafydd (= David) is a later borrowing from Latin)

:_______________________________.

Dewi Haran <DEU-i HAA-ran>
[ˡdɛʊɪ ˡhɑˑran] (masculine noun)
1
the bardic name of David Evans (1812-1885)
See Clic y Bont (a group of poets and musicians from Pont-y-pridd)

:_______________________________.

dewin <DEU-in>
[ˡdɛʊɪn] masculine noun
PLURAL dewiniaid <deu-IN-yai, -ed>
[dɛʊˡɪnjaɪd, -ɛd]
1
sorceror, magician, wizard
Y Dewin name of a Welsh-language restaurant in Aberystwyth in the nineteen-eighties

2 (Welsh Anthropology) village sorcerer, person who could break spells cast by malevolent witches or sorcerors and who could cure certain diseases

3 conjuror = performer of tricks

4 wizard, genius = expert, person with a special talent
dewin geiriau a wizard with words, a person who can write or talk in a fascinating manner

Mae’n ddewin am atgynhyrchu hen luniau
He’s a wizard at reproducing old photos

Byddai angen dewin i brofi hynny
It would take a genius to prove that (“there would be need of a wizard / sorceror...”)

5 helfa ddewiniaid = witch hunt, search for supposed witches in order to exterminate them and free people from the ills they are said to have caused

6 llawddewin palmist, palm-reader (llaw = hand) + soft mutation + (dewin = sorceror)

ETYMOLOGY: dewin, dissimulated form of diwin < British < Latin divînus (as in modern English “divine”) < dîvus (= god), related to another Latin word deus (= god)

:_______________________________.

dewindabaeth <deu-in-DAA-baith, -eth>
[dɛʊɪnˡdɑˑbaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
1
divination

2 dewindabaeth adar (“divination (of) birds”) augury, observation of the behaviour of birds to see if a proposed action has the approval of the gods

ETYMOLOGY: (dewin = sorcerer) + (-dab, form of -deb = suffix for forming abstract nouns) + (-aeth = suffix for forming abstract nouns)

:_______________________________.

dewiniaeth <deu-IN-yaith, -eth>
[dɛʊˡɪnjaɪθ, -ɛθ] feminine noun
1
witchcraft, sorcery

Lefiticus 20:27 Gwr neu wraig a fo ganddynt ysbryd dewiniaeth, neu frud, hwy a leddir yn farw; â cherrig y llabyddiant hwynt; eu gwaed fydd arnynt eu hunain
Leviticus 20:27 A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them.

Deuteronomium 18:10 Na chaffer ynot a wnelo i’w fab, neu i’w ferch, fyned trwy y tân; neu a arfero ddewiniaeth, na phlanedydd, na daroganwr, na hudol,
Deuteronomy 18:10 There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch

2 trwy ddewiniaeth by means of sorcery

3 dewiniaeth ddu black magic = magic for evil purposes through invoking malevolent spirits

ETYMOLOGY: (dewin = sorcerer) + (-iaeth, suffix for forming nouns)

:_______________________________.

dewis <DEU-is>
[ˡdɛʊɪs] (verb)
1
to choose

:_______________________________.

dewis <DEU-is> [ˡdɛʊɪs] masculine noun
PLURAL dewision <deu-IS-yon> [dɛʊɪsjɔn]
1 choice 

dewis gwael a bad choice

2 choice = act of choosing
3 chocie = opportunity to choose
4 choice = person or thing chosen
5 choice = alternative action
bod gennych ddim dewis have no choice = be obliged

-Ydy e wdi talu’r arian? -Doedd ganddo ddim dewis
-Has he paid the money? -He had no choice

does dim dewis 'da fi I’ve got no choice

sda fi ddim dewish I’ve got no choice


6 choice = range, supply from which sth may be chosen
dewis eang o a wide choice of
dewis eang o ddodrefn o ansawdd a wude choice of quality furniture
fawr o ddewis ar not many to choose from
does fawr o ddewis arnyn nhw
there aren't many to choose from

o’ch dewis eich hun by your own choice
Yr oedd, o’i ddewis ei hun, wedi gwrthod rhoi’r gyfraith arno
By his own choice he’d refused to take him to court


ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic < Indo-European *geus (= taste, choose)
Cornish diwis (= choose),  Breton divis (= choose)

From the same IE root: English choose, Latin gustus (= taste)

NOTE: South Wales dewish

:_______________________________.

dewisiad <deu-IS-yad> [dɛʊˡɪsjad] masculine noun
PLURAL
dewisiadau <deu-is-YAA-dai, -e> [dɛʊɪsjˡɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
1
selection

ETYMOLOGY: (dewis = choice) + (-iad = suffix)

:_______________________________.

dewislen <deu-IS-len> [dɛʊˡɪslɛn] feminine noun
PLURAL
dewislenni <deu-is-LE-ni> [dɛʊɪsˡlɛnɪ]
1
(computers) menu = list of options on a computer screen
y ddewislen = the menu

ETYMOLOGY: (dewis = to choose) + soft mutation + (llen = sheet, piece of paper)

:_______________________________.

Dewi Wyn o Esyllt <DEU-i WIN o E-silht> [ˡdɛʊɪ ˡwɪn ɔ ˡɛsɪɬt] (masculine noun)
1
the bardic name of Thomas Essile Davies (1820-1891)

See Clic y Bont (a group of poets and musicians from Pont-y-pridd)

:_______________________________.

dewr <DEUR> [dɛʊr] (adjective)
1
valient, brave
2
y dewr biau’r dydd (“the brave man has the day”) faint heart never won fair lady

:_______________________________.

dewrder <DEUR-der> [ˡdɛʊrdɛr] (masculine noun)
1
bravery

:_______________________________.

Y Deyrnas Gyfun <ə-DEIR-nas GƏ-vin> [ə ˡdəɪrnas ˡgəvɪn] feminine noun
1
the United Kingdom = a short title for the English state

(Teyrnas Gyfun Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon – translation of ‘The United Kingom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’)

Y Blaid Lafur yn rhybuddio y bydd Senedd i Gymru yn rhwygo'r Deyrnas Gyfun
The Labour Party warns that a Welsh Parliament will split the United Kingdom

ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (teyrnas = kingdom) + soft mutation + (cyfun = united)
NOTE: The abbreviation is D.G., y D.G.
An alternative name is Y Deyrnas Unedig (abbreviation D.U, y D.U.)

:_______________________________.

D.G. <dee-EG> [deˑ ˡɛg] feminine noun
1
initials of Y Deyrnas Gyfun
Equivalent to English “U.K”, the initials of “the United Kingdom” = a short title for the English state

(Teyrnas Gyfun Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon – translation of ‘The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’)

Post Brenhinol / Talwyd y Post / DG
Royal Mail / Postage Paid / UK. Inscription on the postal indicia of metered stamps

 
        
 

 

Sumbolau:  ā ǣ ē ī ō ū / ˡ ɑ æ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ə ɑˑ eˑ iˑ oˑ uˑ ɑː æː eː iː oː uː / ɥ  / ð ɬ ŋ ʃ ʧ θ ʒ ʤ / aɪ ɔɪ əɪ ɪʊ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ / ә ʌ ŵ ŷ ẃ ŵŷ ẃỳ  ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ẁ ẃ ẅ Ẁ £

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Ble'r wyf i? Yr ych chi'n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau'r Wefan CYMRU-CATALONIA
On sóc?
Esteu visitant una pàgina de la Web CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Gal·les-Catalunya)
Where am I?
You are visiting a page from the CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Wales-Catalonia) Website
Weə-r äm ai? Yüu äa-r víziting ə peij fröm dhə CYMRU-CATALONIA (= Weilz-Katəlóuniə) Wébsait

 

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Adolygiad diweddaraf - latest update: 2008-10-01, 2005-10-24