A Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_b_1039e.htm
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..............................0417e Geiriaduron / Dictionaries
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Y mynegai
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|
|
|
Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia
|
(delw
4666) |
∆
1580e
A | 1039e
B | 1735e
BR | 1018e
C | 1071e
CE | 1675e
CI | 1040e
CR | 1075e
CY | 1020e
D | 1674e
DI | 1072e
E | 1077e
F | 1021e
G | 1042e
GW | 1038e
H | 1676e
HY, I, J, K, | 1865e
L | 1022e
M | 1677e
MI | 1047e
N | 1600e
O | 1023e
P | 1073e
PL | 1026e
R |
1070e
S | 1024e
T |
1076e
TR | 1025e
U,V | 1731e
W, X | 1586e
Y, Z |
B, b ‹bee› feminine noun
1) second letter of the twenty-six
letter Roman alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 d 5 e,
2) second letter of the twenty-nine letter Welsh alphabet
...1 a, 2 b, 3 c, 4 ch, 5 d, 6 dd 7 e,
:_______________________________.
b and m have interchanged in certain words. This in part may be
explained by the fact that both initial b and m soft-mutate to
f [v], and there has been confusion about the initial consonant of the
unmutated word – it seems to occur generally with feminine words, where such a
mutation would be frequent as it occurs after the definite article y
b < m
brawddeg (= sentence) < mrawddeg < amrawddeg
(am prefix = around) + (rhawdd = speech, talking) + (suffix –eg)
(y frawddeg = the sentence)
m < b
modfedd (= inch) < máwd-fedd <
báwd-fedd (bawd
= thumb) + soft mutation + (medd =
measure)
(y fodfedd = the sentence)
menyw (=
woman) < benyw (cf Irish bean = woman)
(y fenyw = the woman)
In other cases, for example with certain names / titles, it is possibly the
result of confusion by infants
modryb (= aunt) > bodo, bopa (= auntie)
Maredudd (“Meredith”) > Bedo
:_______________________________.
b
1) British b ‹b› is f ‹v› in Welsh
abon- > afon (= river)
gob- > gof (= smith)
Sabrîna > Hafren (river name)
:_______________________________.
b
In the Celtic languages, b may correspond to m in some
Latin words
..1) Welsh brag < British <
Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish brag
(= malt)
From the same Celtic root: Irish braich (=
malt)
Cf Latin marcor (= putrefaction)
..2) Welsh bro (= country)
Latin margō, margin- (= border)
:_______________________________.
b
1) A final b,
corresponding to an original p in British, is equivalent to a final –c
or –ch in Irish (and Scottish Gaelic and Manx)
mab
(<
map-os) (= son), Irish mac (= son)
crib (= comb; crest, ridge), Irish críoch (=
boundary)
:_______________________________.
B-
In certain surnames from patronymics, ultimately from mab = son (mab > fab > ab > b-)
Bedward < ab Edward
Beavan < ab Ifan
Bellis < ab
Bennion < ab
Einion
Bevan < ab Efan
(ab Ifan)
Bowen < ab
Owen, ab Owain
:_______________________________.
baadd ‹ baadh ›
1 southern form of baedd (= boar)
Usually spelt bâdd / ba’dd
See aa
:_______________________________.
Baal ‹baal› masculine noun
1 Baal = Semitic fertility God
2
(Bible) Baal = false god
...1 Brenhinoedd 16:32 Ac efe a gododd allor
i Baal yn nhy Baal, yr hwn a adeiladasai efe yn
Samaria (16:33) Ac Ahab a wnaeth lwyn, a wnaeth fwy i ddigo Arglwydd
Dduw Israel na holl frenhinoedd
Israel a fuasai o'i flaen ef
...1 Kings 16:32 And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which
he had built in Samaria (16:33) And Ahab made a grove, and Ahab did more to
provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel before him
3 Bryn-y-Baal SJ2664 (a village east of Bwcle / Buckley) is a poor
spelling for Bryn-y-bâl.
According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (Rhan 4, Blwyddyn 1952, tudalen 250)
(University of Wales Dictionary of the Welsh Language) (Part 4, Year 1952, page
250) bâl is noted as occurring c. 1788 as “Bâl the peak, or pointed summit
of a hill or mountain”, in which case it would be “(the) hill (of) the
sharp peak”, (though whether this describes a hill there I do not know!)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2664
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Greek < Hebrew ba'al
(= master)
:_______________________________.
baban ‹bâ -ban› masculine noun
PLURAL babanod ‹ba- bâ -nod›
1 baby
dillad baban baby clothes
2
iaith babanod baby talk
3
baby = new venture, new company
Roedd y baban newydd yn dod rhagddo'n gampus yn ei ddwylo diogel
The new baby / the new business was thriving wonderfully in his safe hands
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh baban < maban (mab = son, child) + (-an,
diminutive suffix) from the influence of the English word babe
:_______________________________.
babanaidd ‹ba- bâ -nedh› adjective
1 infantile
2 childish
ETYMOLOGY: (baban = infant) + (-aidd suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________.
babaneiddiwch ‹ba-ba-neidh-yukh› masculine noun
1 childishness
ETYMOLOGY: (babanaidd = infantile) +
(-i-wch suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________.
babanladdiad ‹ba-ban- ladh-yad› masculine noun
PLURAL babanladdiadau
‹ba-ban-ladd- ya-de›
1 infanticide
ETYMOLOGY: (baban = infant) + soft
mutation + (lladdiad = killing)
:_______________________________.
babanleiddiad ‹ba-ban- leidh-yad› m masculine noun
PLURAL babanladdiadau
‹ba-ban-leidd- ya-de›
1 infanticide (person)
ETYMOLOGY: (baban = infant) + soft
mutation + (lleiddiad = killer,
murderer)
:_______________________________.
Babell ‹ə ba-belh› f
1 Y Babell name of certain nonconformist chapels (= "the
tabernacle")
Street names
..a/ “
(this would be Ffordd y Babell in Welsh)
..b/ “Babell Road”, Pen-sarn (county of Caerfyrddin)
(this would be Heol y Babell in Welsh)
2 (SJ1573) Y Babell (= "the
tabernacle") a village in the county of Fflint 4km south-west of
Treffynnon; from the name of a Nonconformist chapel
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) + soft mutation + (pabell =
tent; tabernacle )
Probably from pabell y cyfarfod (Exodus 29:42),
the tabernacle of the congregation prepared by Moses for the people to meet God
..a/ Exodus 29:42 Yn boethoffrwm
gwastadol trwy eich oesoedd, wrth ddrws pabell y
cyfarfod, gerbron yr ARGLWYDD; lle y cyfarfyddaf â chwi, i lefaru wrthyt yno.
Exodus 29:42 This
shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of
the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD: where I will meet you, to
speak there unto thee.
..b/ Salmau 27:3 Pe gwersyllai llu i’m herbyn, nid ofna fy nghalon: pe
cyfodai cad i’m herbyn, yn hyn mi a fyddaf hyderus. 27:44 Un peth a ddeisyfais i gan yr ARGLWYDD, hynny a geisiaf; sef
caffael trigo yn nhŷ yr ARGLWYDD holl ddyddiau fy mywyd, i edrych ar brydferthwch yr ARGLWYDD, ac i ymofyn yn ei deml. (27:5) Canys yn y dydd blin y’m cuddia o fewn ei babell:
yn nirgelfa ei babell y’m cuddia; ar graig y’m cyfyd i.
Psalms 27:3 Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear:
though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident. (27:4) One
thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in
the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the
LORD, and to inquire in his temple. (27:5) For in the time of trouble he shall
hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he
hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock
:_______________________________.
y Babell Lęn ‹ə bâ-belh leen› feminine noun
1 (Eisteddfod) the Literature Tent, venue for readings of literature,
lectures and talks on literature and authors
ETYMOLOGY: (y = definite article) +
soft mutation + (pabell = tent) +
soft mutation + (llęn = literature)
:_______________________________.
babi, PLURAL: babis ‹BA bi, BA bis› (masculine noun)
1 baby
:_______________________________.
Bábilon ‹ba-bi-lon› feminine noun
1
2
helygen Bábilon (Salix
babylonica) weeping willow See: helygen
wylofus
3 (SJ3260) locality
3km NE of Yr Hob (
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/134184
:_______________________________.
bacbib, PLURAL: bacbibau ‹BAK bib, bak BI be› (feminine noun)
1 bagpipe
:_______________________________.
bacbibiwr, PLURAL: bacbibwyr ‹bak BIB yur, bak BIB wir› (masculine noun)
1 bagpiper
:_______________________________.
bach ‹baakh› adjective
1 small, little
2 Fach tag - after farm
name, to distinguish two farms of the same name = Little (usually paired with Fawr = big)
Glan-y-nant Fawr, Glan-y-nant Fach
(Big (i.e. Greater) Glan-y-nant, Little Glan-y-nant) ‹glan ə nant›
The word fach is a soft-mutated form
of bach; farm names generally are
considered to be feminine (since the native word tref (= settlement, farm) is feminine, as is the word fferm (= farm) borrowed from English
(the gender probably conforming to tref)
But in the North, rather than the pair Fawr / Fach in farm names, we
have Fawr / Bach, as curiously Bach dies not undergo soft mutation after
a feminine noun
3 Fach = little, small,
minor; tag - after a name in llan- =
church, indicates a daughter church (sometimes paired with Fawr = big)
Llanilltud Fawr, Llanilltud Fach
(Great Llanilltud, Little Llanilltud) ‹lhan-ilh-tid›
Llandyfaelog,
Llandyfaelog Fach (Llandyfaelog,
Little Llandyfaelog) ‹lhan-də-vei-log›
The word fach is a soft-mutated form of bach;
church names are feminine (since the word llan
(= church) is feminine
4 Fach = little, small,
minor; tag - after a river name to indicate a minor branch of the main river
(sometimes paired with Fawr = big)
Rhondda Fawr, Rhondda Fach (Great
Rhondda, Little Rhondda) ‹hron-dha›
The word fach is a soft-mutated form of bach;
river names are feminine. The word afon
(= river) is feminine (as are ffrwd
= hillside stream, nant = stream)
5 (place names) in mocking names
(1) América-fach (“little America”)
district of Y Porth (
(2) Llundain-fach (“little
.....(a) Place by Tal-sarn (
.....(b) Place by Caer-sws (county of Powys)
(3) Lloegr-fach (“little England”)
(by Abermarlais SN6929, county of Caerfyrddin)
(4) Llwydlo-fach (“little Ludlow”)
(5) Brysta-fach ruin in Y Creigiau (Rhondda Cynon Taf) (“little
Bristol”)
6 (clock, watch) bys bach little hand
(“little finger”)
7 bys bach little finger (“little finger”)
8 small, little = another, an imitation of
Mae e fel Iesu Grist bach (scornful)
He’s a little goodie-goodie, he’s a little angel (“he’s like a little Jesus
Christ”)
8 little, small = minor, not having full stautus post bach (colloquial) sub-post office,
branch post office (“little post (office)”)
9 pechod bach venial sin
10 gefel fach nippers = small pincers
(gefel = tongs) + soft mutation + (bach = small)
11 In North Wales, after a feminine noun bach remains unmutated.
Place name examples:
..a/ Eglwys-bach (= eglwys fach)
(“little church”) SH8070 place 9km north-west of Llan-rŵst
..b/ Ffordd-las Fawr, Ffordd-las Bach SH9575 near Abergele
..c/ Garn-bach (= garn fach)
(“little cairn”)
..d/ Rhodfa Bach (= rhodfa fach)
(“little walk”) a street name in Niwbwrch (
..e/ Sarn-bach (= sarn fach)
(“little causeway / pavement”) SH3026 place 2km south of Aber-soch
..f/ Ynys Gwylan Bach OS1824, Ynys Gwylan Fawr OS1824, two
islands by Aberdaron (Gwynedd). See Ynys Gwylan (qv)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bakk-os
< Celtic
From the same Celtic root: Irish beag
(= little, small), Scottish beag (=
little, small)
:_______________________________.
'bach o ‹BAKH› (masculine noun)
(
1 a (little) bit of
< ticyn bach o [a] little bit of
:_______________________________.
bach, PLURAL: bachau ‹BAAKH, BA khai -e› (feminine noun)
1 hook
2
colfach = hinge (col = spike, hinge ) + soft mutation +
(bach = hook)
ETYMOLOGY:
Indo-European *bak (= staff, stick)
Welsh bach < British *bakk- (= stick) < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish bagh, Breton bac’h
From the same Celtic root:
Irish bacán (= hinge-hook, peg in the wall),
Scottish (Gaelic) bac (= hook)
From the same Indoeuropean root:
Latin baculum (= staff, crutch, walking stick
)
Greek baktron (= staff, baton, club)
English peg < Middle English pegge, probably from Low German
or Dutch (modern Dutch peg)
Also:
Welsh bagét / baguette < English baguette < French
< Italian bacchetta (= little
stick), (bacchio = stick) + (-etta diminutive
ending), bacchio < Latin baculus
English bacillus (= rod-shaped bacterium) < New Latin bacillus
(= small staff, stick, rod), diminutive form of Latin baculus, altered
from baculum < *bak
:_______________________________.
bach, PLURAL: bachau ‹BAAKH, BA khe› (masculine or feminine noun)
1 (obsolete) nook
2 (obsolete) corner, bend, sharp turn
3 cilfach (f) cilfachau nook, secluded
spot (cil = back) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner)
Bach occurs in place names
..a/ Y Fach-wen SH5761 near
Llanberis “white nook”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner,
secluded spot) + soft mutation + (gwen, feminine form of gwyn =
white)
..b/ Y Fachddeiliog ‹ə
vaakh DHEIL yog› ; a place in Y Bala “leafy nook”
(y = definite article) + soft mutation + (bach = nook, corner,
secluded spot) + soft mutation + (deiliog = leafy)
Safai yr hen Wenallt mewn pantle, rhwng y fan y saif y Wenallt presenol a'r
llwyn o goed a elwir Nyrs Fachddeiliog, yn ymyl hen orsaf ffordd haiarn y Bala.
Adgofion Andronicus (= John William Jones, Y Bala, 1842-1895) Cyhoeddwyd:
Caernarfon 1894 t24
The old Wenallt (farmhouse) stood in a hollow, between the place where the
present Wenallt stands and a wood which was called Fachddeiliog Nursery, next
to the old railway station in Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: This is the same word as bach
(= hook)
:_______________________________.
bach a dolen ‹baa kha DO len› (masculine noun)
1 hook and eye
:_______________________________.
bachan ‹BA khan› (masculine noun)
1 fellow, bloke, chap, guy
2
lad, fellow, man
(South-east) Mae’n fachan trwy’r tanad
(Ma’n fachan trw’r tanad) He’s one of the best (“he is a man through the
explosion”, i.e. who will rescue you in a mine disaster)
(South-east) Bachan nęt yw e He’s
one of the best (“he is a neat man”)
:_______________________________.
bachdro ‹BAKH-dro› masculine
noun
PLURAL bachigion
‹bakh-DROI-on›
1 hairpin bend
bachdro wed’i ei wneud â tharw dur a bulldozed hairpin bend, a hairpin
bend in a track made by a bulldozer
ETYMOLOGY: (bach = hook) + soft
mutation + (tro = bend)
:_______________________________.
bachgen, PLURAL: bechgyn ‹BAKH gen, BEKH gin› (masculine noun)
1 boy
Fachgen! Fachgen! Beth wyt ti’n ’wneud? What are you doing, lad?
:_______________________________.
bachigol ‹ba- khî -gol› adjective
1 diminutive
ETYMOLOGY: (bachig = tiny) + (-ol, suffix); the word bachig is made up of (bach = small) + (-ig, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
bachigyn ‹ba- khî-gin› masculine
noun
PLURAL bachigion
‹ba- khig-yon›
1 diminutive = word based on another
to indicate smallness of a thing
2
small piece
3
adjective small
ETYMOLOGY: (bachig = tiny) + (-yn, diminutive suffix); the word bachig is made up of (bach = small) + (-ig, diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________.
bachu ‹BA-khi› (verb)
1 catch with a hook, to hook
2 ei bachu hi go off, go away, “hook it” (ei = her) + aspirate mutation + (bachu = to hook, catch with a hook)
+ (hi (of) it / her)
:_______________________________.
bachwy ‹bakh -ui› masculine noun
PLURAL bachwyon
‹ba-khui-on›
1 bay
ETYMOLOGY: Not in general use.
First instance in 1852. Created from (bach
= bend) + soft mutation + (gwy, a
word supposedly meaning “water” )
See gwy
:_______________________________.
baco ‹BA ko› (masculine
noun)
1 tabac
2 siop
faco tobacconist’s
Also: siop dybaco
:_______________________________.
bacterleiddiad ‹ bak-ter- leidh -yad› m
PLURAL bacterleiddiadau
‹ bak-ter- leidh-yâ-de›
1
bactericide
ETYMOLOGY: (bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation +
(lleiddiad = substance which kills)
(
:_______________________________.
bacterleiddiol ‹ bak-ter- leidh -yol› (adj)
1
bactericidal
ETYMOLOGY: (bacter- < bacteria = bacteria) + soft mutation +
(lleiddiol adjective = which kills)
(
:_______________________________.
bacwn ‹BA kun› (masculine noun)
1 bacon
:_______________________________.
bad ‹baad› [baːd] masculinɛ
noun
PLURAL badau [ˡbaːdai, ˡbaːdɛ] ‹bâ -de›
1 boat
bad achub lifeboat
bad camlas canal boat, barge
bad
diogelwch safety
boat
bad pwmpiadwy inflatable boat
bad
styllod plank
boat (“boat (of) planks”)
bad
hwylio sailing
boat
ryn ni i gyd yn yr un bad we’re all in the same boat, each of us is facing the
same danger
dianc
yn y badau take
to the boats (“escape in the boats”)
saer
badau boat
builder
paid
â siglo’r bad don’t rock the boat
2 ferry-boat, boat for
crossing a river
llogi bad yn ymyl y bont
spend money on something that is not necessary, incur expenses that could
easily be avoided (“hire a ferry-boat next to the bridge”)
Glan-bad locality in the county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf
(glan y bad “(the) bank (of the river) (of) the boat (that is, where the ferry boat
is moored)”)
(English name: Upper Boat)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bad [baːd] < Old English {baat} (modern English boat ‹bout› )
:_______________________________.
bad achub ‹baad AA khib› (masculine noun)
1 life boat
(“boat {of} saving”)
:_______________________________.
ba’dd ‹ baadh ›
1
southern form of baedd (= boar)
Usually spelt (less correctly) bâth
See aa / ba’dd
:_______________________________.
baddon, PLURAL: baddonau ‹BAA dhon, ba DHOO ne› (masculine noun)
1 bath
:_______________________________.
baddonau ‹ba DHOO ne› (plural)
1 baths; swimming baths
:_______________________________.
baddondy ‹ba- dhon -di› masculine noun
PLURAL baddondai
‹ba- dhon -dai›
1 bath-house = a building with baths
for use by the public
2 bathroom = room in a house with a bathtub or shower
ETYMOLOGY: (baddon = bath) + soft
mutation + (ty = house)
:_______________________________.
bae, PLURAL: baeau ‹BAI, BEI e› [bai] ,
[ˡbəiai, ˡbəiɛ] (masculine noun)
1 bay
Bae Abertawe / Swansea Bay
Bae Caergybi / Holyhead Bay
Bae Caer-dydd / Cardiff Bay
Bae Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen Bay
Bae Caernarfon / Caernarfon Bay
Bae Ceredigion / “Cardigan Bay”
Bae Conwy / Conwy Bay
Bae Lerpwl / Liverpool Bay
Bae Sain Ffred / Saint Brides Bay
Bae Tremadog / Tremadog Bay
:_______________________________.
baedd ‹bâidh› [baiđ] , masculine
noun
PLURAL baeddod
‹bei -dhod› [ˡbəiđɔd]
1 boar
baedd cenfaint (qv) boar kept for breeding, herd boar, stud-boar
gofyn baedd (sow) desire the boar
2 obsolete brave fighter,
valiant warrior
3 baedd coed (qv) or baedd gwyllt (qv) wild boar; also as a
symbol in heraldry
Sometimes simply baedd
Ar y sęl gyfrin gwelir baedd o dan goeden
On the privy seal can be seen a boar under a tree
4 (Bible) baedd o’r coed
= wild boar
Salmau 80.8 Mudaist winwydden o’r
Aifft..., 80.13 Y baedd o’r coed a’i
turia, a bwystfil y maes a’i pawr
Psalms 80.8 Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt... 80.13 The boar of the
wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it (See the
Psalms on line in this website)
ETYMOLOGY: ?
NOTE: (1) An obsolete plural form is beidd
(2) In South
:_______________________________.
baedd cenfaint ‹bâidh ken-vent› masculine noun
PLURAL baeddod
cenfaint ‹bei –dhod ken-vent›
1 boar kept for breeding, herd boar,
stud-boar
ETYMOLOGY: ‘boar (of) flock’ (baedd
= boar) + (cenfaint = flock of
swine)
:_______________________________.
baedd coed ‹baidh KOID› masculine noun
PLURAL baeddod
coed ‹BEI–dhod KOID›
1 wild boar
ETYMOLOGY: ‘boar (of) wood’ (baedd =
boar) + (coed = wood)
:_______________________________.
baedd gwyllt ‹baidh GWILHT› masculine noun
PLURAL baeddod
gwyllt / gwylltion ‹bei-dhod gwilht /
gwəlht-yon›
1 wild boar
ETYMOLOGY: ‘wild boar’ (baedd =
boar) + (gwyllt = wild)
NOTE: the literary form has a plural adjective gwylltion but there is a tendency in modern Welsh to use a singular
adjective after a plural noun (gwyllt)
:_______________________________.
bŕg, PLURAL: bagiau ‹BAG, BAG ye› (masculine noun)
1 bag
bŕg llaw ‹bag LHAU› (masculine noun) handbag
bŕg ysgol ‹ba GƏ skol› (masculine noun) school bag, satchel
:_______________________________.
bagad ‹BAA-gad› [ˡbaˑgad] masculine noun
PLURAL bagadau
‹ba-GAA-dai, -e›
[baˡgaˑdai,
baˡgaˑdɛ]
1 group, crowd; bagad o bobol a group of people
2
literary cluster, bunch (grapes,
flowers, etc)
3 collection
Bagad o Ddiarhebion 'Steddfod
A collection of Eisteddfod proverbs (i.e. proverbs submitted for a competition)
4
obsolete swarm (of bees), flock (of
birds), flock (of sheep), herd (of cattle) etc
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British bakâta
< bâka = grapes, cluster of
grapes
From the same British root: Cornish bagaz,
Breton bagad
The Scottish (Gaelic) word bagaid =
bunch (of grapes), cluster (of nuts) is taken from Welsh
NOTE: the colloquial form in South-east Wales is bacid ‹ba -kid›
:_______________________________.
bagét, PLURAL: bagéts ‹ba GET, ba GETS› (masculine noun)
1 baguette
:_______________________________.
báginet, PLURAL: báginets ‹BAA-gin-et, BAA-gin-ets› (masculine noun)
1 (
..a/ A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a
Lady: to which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837:
The authors lists “BAGINET” and define it as “Bayonet.”.
..b/ Bag'inet.
s[ubstantive]. A bayonet.
Observations on
some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a glossary of
words now in use there ; and poems and other pieces, exemplifying the dialect.
By James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of the Metropolitan Library Institution,
NOTE: Standard Welsh has bidog (mf)
:_______________________________.
bagl (“bagal”), PLURAL: baglau ‹BA gal,
BA gle› (feminine noun)
1 crutch
y fagl = the crutch
Also ffon fagl (f), ffyn bagl (“stick (of) crutch”)
mynd wrth eich baglau go around on
crutches, walk on crutches (“go | supported by | your | crutches”)
:_______________________________.
baglu ‹BA gli› (verb)
1 trip up
:_______________________________.
bai ‹bai› masculine noun
PLURAL beiau
‹bei -e›
1 blame, fault - responsibilty for something wrong
Arni
hi mae'r bai
It's her fault (“(it is) on her that-is the blame”)
Arnat ti roedd y bai i gyd
It was all your fault
Rhaid mai'ch bai chi'ch dau yw e
It must be the fault of you two
Ar
bwy mae'r bai?
Whose fault is it? (“on who is the blame?”)
Ar
y llywodraeth mae'r bai
It's the fault of the government, it's the government's fault, the government's
to blame
Y
mwya'i fai, parota'i feio the most blameworthy is the quickest to
blame others
(“the (person) greatest his blame, readiest his blaming”)
peidio â gweld bai ar not blame
someone (“not see blame on someone”)
Paid â gweld bai arno fe Don’t blame him
2
bod bai mawr ar (rywun) i (wneud rhybeth) be very wrong of
somebody to (do something)
3
cael y bai am get the blame for
4
rhoi'r bai ar to blame, to put the
blame on (am = for) (“put / give the
blame on”)
5
bwrw'r bai ar to blame, to put the
blame on (am = for) (“throw the
blame on”)
6
bod ar fai be to blame (“be on
blame”);
Nid
fi sydd ar fai I'm not to blame, it's not my fault
7
Heb ei fai, heb ei eni Everyone has
their faults, No-one is without their faults (“without his fault, without his
being born”)
8
blame = accusation of being responsible for something that is wrong
gweld bai ar to blame (“to see blame
on”)
9
chwilio am feiau find fault (“look
for faults”)
10
cuddio'ch beiau rhag (rhywun) hide
your faults from (someone)
11
taflu bai = shift the blame (“throw
blame”)
12
South Wales cwympo ar eich bai, North
Wales: syrthio ar eich bai admit
that you are wrong, acknowledge your mistake (“fall on your fault / blame”)
13
defect, imperfection in a material
14
Geology fault in a rock
15
fault = error, mistake
Bai am y gair 'llawrwydd' yw 'llarwydd'
The word 'llarwydd' is a mistake for 'llawrwydd'
16
fault, shortcoming, failing, deficiency
Nid haelioni yw ei fai mawr You
certainly can’t accuse him of over-generosity
“((it is) not generosity that-is his big fault / his big shortcoming)”
17 gweld bai ar consider someone to be at fault, think it the fault
of, believe the culprit to be, find
fault with
y diafol yn gweld bai ar bechod Satan rebuking sin, the devil denouncing
evil (“the devil seeing defect on sin”)
18
hyd at fai to a fault, excessively
hael hyd at fai generous to a fault
19
pigwr beiau fault finder, person who
always picks faults
20
di-fai (di- = privative prefix) + (bai
= fault )
..a/ blameless
Judges 15:3 And Samson said concerning them, Now I shall be more blameless than
the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure
..b/ impeccable
..c/ good, fine
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bai < bei < British
:_______________________________.
baich, PLURAL: beichiau ‹baikh, BEIKH-ye› (masculine
noun)
1 burden, load
2
diffygio dan faich stagger /
collapse under a burden
3
bod dan faich trwm o waith be snowed
under with work (“be under a heavy burden of work”)
4
Fe yw’r baich rw i’n gorfod ’i ddwyn
He’s the cross I have to bear (“the burden I am obliged to carry”)
(said of a person or matter for which a somebody has taken responsibility even
though it causes him or her many problems. A person condemned to crucifixion
had to carry his or her own cross to the place of execution.)
:_______________________________.
bal ‹bal›
adjective
1 a white spot or patch on the forehead of a horse, a “blaze”
2 (adjective) (horse) having a white spot on the forehead
ceffyl bal horse with a white spot
on its forehead
There is a well called Ffynnon y Ceffyl
Bal (“well of the horse with a white patch on its forehead”) above
Blaengwynfi (county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh bal < British *bal- < Indo-european *bhel (= to shine)
from the same British root: Breton bailh
(= white blaze on forehead of horse)
From the same Celtic root: Irish ball
(= spot, mark)
:_______________________________.
bâl ‹BAAL›
m
1 peak
According to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
(Rhan 4, Blwyddyn 1952, tudalen 250) (
2 Bryn-y-Bâl
..a) SJ2664 A village east of Bwcle / Buckley (
...1 Brenhinoedd 16:32 Ac efe a gododd allor
i Baal yn nhy Baal, yr hwn a adeiladasai efe yn
Samaria (16:33) Ac Ahab a wnaeth lwyn, a wnaeth fwy i ddigo Arglwydd
Dduw Israel na holl frenhinoedd
Israel a fuasai o'i flaen ef
...1 Kings 16:32 And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which
he had built in Samaria (16:33) And Ahab made a grove, and Ahab did more to
provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel before
him.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2664
map
The village name Bryn-y-bâl is form a hill name Bryn y Bâl “(the)
hill (of) the sharp peak”
..b) By Brynffordd (Brynford), Treffynnon (Holywell) in the
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/30286
Pen y Bâl
“(the) summit (of) the sharp peak”
:_______________________________.
Y Bala ‹ə BA
la› (feminine noun)
1 town in the north-east
http://www.gwead.cymru.org/uwchradd/berwyn/cymru.htm
(No longer functional 2008-10-23)
ETYMOLOGY: “the lake exit”
:_______________________________.
Bala Cynwyd
1 a village in southeastern
It was originally two separate towns, but it came to be regarded as a single
community after the US Post Office used a single office called “Bala Cynwyd” to
serve both towns. However the railway still has two separate stations, Bala and
Cynwyd.
The area was settled by Quakers from Meirionydd three hundred and twenty years
ago, in the 1680s. It forms part of the old Welsh Tract by the city of
Location of Y Bala and Cynwyd in north-east
(dewl 7062)
:_______________________________.
balast ‹BAA-last› (masculine noun)
1 ballast
llenwi (llong) â balast to fill a ship with ballast, to ballast a ship
Y Cei Balast SH5638 name of small island in the Glasl˙n estuary where ships
would dump ballast stones before picking up cargoes of slates. ETYMOLOGY: y cei balast “the quay (of)
ballast” (y definite article) + (cei = quay) + (balast =
ballast). On the Ordnance Survey map spelt incorrectly as Cei Ballast (the
English spelling of balast), suggesting that the ll is the Welsh
voiceless alveolar lateral fricative ńń<lh>ńńń &&[ɬ]&&&
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/364696
(delwedd 7410)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5737
map
ETYMOLOGY:
English ballast < Low German. The word occurs too in Old
Danish and Old Swedish as barlast, or “bare load” (bar = bare) +
(last = load), in the sense of a load without any value
:_______________________________.
balastio ‹ba-LAST-yo› (v)
1 to ballast
balastio llong to fill a ship with ballast
ETYMOLOGY: (balast = ballast) + (-io verb suffix)
:_______________________________.
balch ‹BALKH› (adjective)
1 proud
tlawd a balch a byw mewn gobaith / clawd a balch a byw miwn gopith
South-east – answer to Sut
mae hi? / Shw’ mai?
“poor and proud and living in hope”
:_______________________________.
balchder ‹BALKH der› (masculine noun)
1 pride
Mae i falchder ei gwymp Pride comes
before a fall (“there-is to pride its fall”, pride has its fall)
Balchder a gaiff gwymp Pride comes
before a fall (“(it-is) pride which gets (a) fall”)
ETYMOLOGY: (balch = proud) + (-der suffix for forming abstract nouns,
a soft-mutated form of -ter)
:_______________________________.
balw^n, PLURAL: balw^ns ‹ba LUUN, ba LUUNS› (masculine noun)
1 balloon
:_______________________________.
ban, PLURAL: bannau ‹BAN, BA-ne› (feminine noun)
1 peak
y fan = the peak
2
tryfan (place names) peak
Tryfan SH6659 mountain in the
also: Mynydd Tryfan
(try- = intensifying prefix ) + soft
mutation + (ban = peak)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/82098
:_______________________________.
banadl (
1 (plant) broom
See banhadlen
:_______________________________.
banal, bana'l ‹BAA-nal› (plural noun)
1 (
See banhadlen
:_______________________________.
banana, PLURAL: bananas ‹ba NA na, ba NA nas› (masculine noun)
1 banana
:_______________________________.
banc, PLURAL: banciau ‹BANGK, BANGK ye› (masculine noun)
1 bank (= money house)
2
bank (= slope)
See also: ponc (= bank, slope)
:_______________________________.
band, PLURAL: bandiau ‹BAND, BAND ye› (masculine noun)
1 band
:_______________________________.
bando ‹BAN-do› (masculine noun)
1 bando = a kind of hurling / shinty / hockey /
bandy formerly played in
2 ffon fando, ffyn bando bando stick
ETYMOLOGY: A variant of bandy (= a type of hockey)
A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to which is
added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837: The authors lists
“BANDY” and define it thus: “A game, like that of Golf, in which the ad-
verse parties endeavour to beat a ball (generally a
knob or gnarl from the trunk of a tree,) opposite ways.
From Bendan, Sax[on], to bend ; because the stick with
which the game is played is crook'd at the end; hence
the verb to Bandy (a term at tennis), to beat to and
fro, and the compound bandy-legged for crooked-
legged.”
:_______________________________.
baner, PLURAL: baneri ‹BA ner, ba NE ri› (feminine noun)
1 flag
2 dangos y faner show the
flag = put in an appearance, make your presence noted at some event
:_______________________________.
baneru ‹ ba-nę-ri› verb
1 deck with flags
ETYMOLOGY: (baner = flag) + (-u suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________.
Bangor ‹bang -gor›
1 (SH5872) city in the county of
Gwynedd
Population 13,378 (1961)
Proportion of Welsh-speakers: 64% (1961)
i Fangor = to Bangor
ym Mangor = in Bangor
2 a parish at this place
3 esgobion Bangor (Dwyfor,
district in western Gwynedd) “bishops (of) Bangor”;
also esgobion Bangor yn eu gwenwisg “bishops
(of) Bangor in their surplice”
large white clouds on a clear day indicating a coming storm
ETYMOLOGY: Old Welsh bangor =
monastery
:_______________________________.
banhadlen ‹ban-HAD-len› feminine noun
PLURAL banadl
‹bAA-nadl›
1 broom bush Cytisus scoparius
Cae’r banadl (Caa’r Banal ) “(the)
field (of) the gorse bushes” Field name c.
16 April 1507 Howel ap David ap Howel and Catherine vergh
Ieuan ap Griffith his wife to Richard ap Howel their son and Maud/Matilda vergh
William his wife.
GRANT All lands, messuages and tenements which they hold in the parish of
Llancattok Llincoid in the lordship of Bergavenny and in the parish of
Llanterlow Gressenny in the fee of
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~llangattocklingoed/deedswills/hanbury.html#1518B
Hanbury Family Papers
(delwedd 7287)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh banadl < British *banatl-
Cornish has banall (= broom bushes), and Breton banal, balan (= broom bushes);
The French word balai
(= broom for sweeping, long-handled brush) is from a related Gaulish word
NOTE: (1) In South Wales banadl >
banaddl > bana’l / banal ‹BAA-nal›, as in Cornish and Breton
(2) and also in South Wales banal ‹BAA-nal› > balan ‹BAA-lan› (metathesis), as in
Cornish and Breton
:_______________________________.
banhadlog ‹ba- nhad -log› adjective
1 abounding in broom
2
(feminine noun) place with broom, broomy land
Found in place names and field names.
3
Gellifanadlog place name in Senghenydd
(county of Caerffili)
From “y gelli fanhadlog” ‘broomy grove’ (with the loss of the ‘h’)
(y = definite article) + soft
mutation + (celli = wood, grove) +
soft mutation + (banhadlog = broomy)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh (banhadl-, penult
syllable form banadl (= broom) + (-og suffix) < British *banatlâk-
From the same British root: Cornish banalleg,
Breton banallek < British
NOTE: (1) North Wales - colloquially banadlog
‹ba-NAD-log›
(2) South Wales banalog -
colloquially ‹ba-NAA-log›
(3) banadlog sometimes used as a
standard form in place names, omitting the ‘h’
:_______________________________.
Bannau
Brycheiniog ‹ba ne brə KHEIN yog› (plural noun) (Ffoto / foto)
1 the peaks of the
:_______________________________.
bannod, PLURAL: banodau ‹BA nod, ba NOO de› (feminine noun)
1 definite article
y fannod = the definite article
:_______________________________.
bant (= i bant) ‹BANT› (adverb)
1 away
:_______________________________.
bar, PLURAL: barrau ‹BAR, BA re› (masculine noun)
1 bar (= tavern);
2
bar = rod;
3
bar = people collectively who are qualified to practice law; barristers
4
bar = block of chocolate, soap, etc
bar sebon bar of soap ("bar
(of) soap")
bar siocled a bar of chocolate
5
tu ôl i’r barrau behind bars, in
prison (“behind the bars”)
:_______________________________.
bar, PLURAL: barrau ‹BAR, BA re› (masculine noun)
1 (place names) top, peak
(delwedd 7329)
Barlwm (“bare
top”) (bar = peak, top) + soft mutation + (llwm = bare, barren,
treeless) hill name in Torfaen, now Twm Barlwm / Twyn Barlwm “(the)
mound (on) Barlwm”
Berwyn <
adjective berwyn “white-peaked, snowy peaked” (bar =
peak, top) + soft mutation + (gwyn = white), with a change a > e in
the tonic syllable through the influnce of the y in the final syllable (vowel
affection)
Crug-y-bar SN6537
(“mound (of) the peak”, mound on the peak) village in Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/399315
Nant-y-bar ?(“(the) valley / stream (of) the peak”) Lost industrial village
in the Afan valley, south-east Wales
Mynydd Nant-y-bar SS8397 “The highland / the upland pasture of
Nant-y-bar farm”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/844478
Nant-y-bar SO2840 (“Gwent-in-England”, in present-day Herefordshire)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/178852
(“farm buildings in Nant-y-bar”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/178849
(“castle motte at Nant-y-bar)”
(“The Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great
Britain and Ireland…”)
:_______________________________.
bara ‹BA ra› [ˡbaˑra] (masculine noun)
1 bread
bara brith ‹ba ra BRIITH› (masculine noun) currant bread ('speckled bread')
bara haidd ‹ba ra HAIDH› (masculine noun) barley bread
2
fan fara plural faniau bara bread van, van for delivering bread to homes or shops
3
mor sicr â bod bara mewn torth as
sure as fate (“as sure as there is bread in a loaf”)
4 bara
llwyd mouldy bread (“grey bread”)
Saying: Rhaid enllyn da gyda bara llwyd
You need a good comapage with mouldy bread
5
enllyn bara Alternative expression
for enllyn = companage, something
eaten with bread (eg butter, cheese, meat), something to make plain food more
palatable, (Scotland: kitchen, kitchie; tea) Enllyn bara da yw eisiau bwyd Hunger is the best sauce (= food no
matter how plain becomes very appetising when you are really hungry) (“(it is)
(a) good companage (of) bread that-is want (of) food”)
6
pobi bara (north Wales) bake bread
ffyrna bara (mid-Wales) bake bread
ffyrno bara (south Wales) bake bread
ffwrno bara (south Wales) bake bread
ffwrna bara (south-west Wales) bake
bread
bara corn corn bread (USA)
7 bara mantais (
NOTE: In the English dialect of
Llanidloes bara mantes::
BARA-MANTESS. hot bread, fresh from the oven. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes
/ Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 290 Collections Historical and
Archeological Relating to
Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
:_______________________________.
bara caws ‹bâ-ra
kaus› masculine noun
1 bread and cheese
2 Bedyddiwr Bara Caws (nickname) Scotch Baptist (“baptist
(of) bread (and) cheese”)
ETYMOLOGY: (bara = bread) + (caws = cheese)
NOTE: Alternative form: bara a chaws / bara chaws bread + and + cheese
:_______________________________.
bara croyw ‹bâ-ra kroiu› masculine noun
1 unleavened bread
Gwyl y Bara Croyw the Passover, a
week-long (now eight days) Jewish feast commemorating the release of the
Israelites from slavery in Egypt
ETYMOLOGY: (bara = bread) + (croyw = unleavened, made without yeast)
:_______________________________.
bara lafwr ‹bâ-ra lâ-vur› masculine noun
1 See: bara lawr
:_______________________________.
bara lawr ‹bâ-ra laur› masculine noun
1 laver bread = a kind of seaweed
fried in mutton fat, characteristic of central coastal South Wales, and sold
traditionally in Abertawe and Llanelli markets
ETYMOLOGY: (bara = bread) + (lawr = type of seaweed).
The word lawr was originally lafwr < English laver = Porphyra umbilicalis
- type of seaweed of the genus Porphyra
with edible fronds < Latin laver,
species of water plant.
The dropping of a medial f is seen
in other words in Welsh, such as
a) cas (South Wales - he, she, it
got / received) < cafas
b) codi (= to lift up, to get
up), originally cyfodi
c) dŵr (= water),
originally dwfr
NOTE: (Really a comment on a mistake in English) As the English spoken in Wales
is on the whole a variety of standard English, it is of a non-rhotic variety,
and so a final ‘r’ in a word is not pronounced unless it is followed by a
vowel.
(This non-rhotic English is to be found too of course in the
There is a tendency in
:_______________________________.
bara menyn ‹ba ra ME nin› (masculine noun)
1 bread and butter
(In Y Wladfa, the Welsh settlement in the
:_______________________________.
barber ‹bar -ber› masculine noun
PLURAL barbariaid
‹bar-bar -yed›
1 barber
2 cot barber barber's
coat, dust coat
ETYMOLOGY: English barber <
French 1400- barbeor < barbe (= beard) < Latin barba (= beard)
There is also a 'more Welsh' form - barbwr
(qv)
:_______________________________.
Barbus barbus
1 barfogyn (m), barfogiaid barbel
(delwedd 7411)
:_______________________________.
barbwr, PLURAL: barbwyr ‹BAR bur, BARB wir› (masculine noun)
1 barber
:_______________________________.
barclod <BAR-klod> [ˡbarklɔd] masculine
noun
PLURAL barclodiau
<bar-KLOD-yai, -ye> [barˡklɔdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 apron
2
wedi ei gadw ormod wrth farclod ei fam
(said of a spoilt child) too attached to his mother's apron strings
(“after his keeping + too much + attached to the apron of his mother”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English barmcloth
< Old English “bosom cloth” (barm
= bosom) + (clâth = cloth)
It would seem that the English word had a final t (“clot”) rather than th
Cf English clout (= piece of cloth)
Joshua 9:5 (King James Bible) And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and
old garments upon them; (= old patched sandals)
Northern English: dishclout (= dishcloth)
A final –t in words of English origin became –d in many words in earlier Welsh:
poced (= pocket), siaced (= jacket), bwled (= bullet).
:_______________________________.
barclodaid <bar-KLOO-daid, -ded> [barˡkloˑdaɪd, -ɛd] masculine noun
PLURAL barclodeidiau
<bar-klo-DEID-yai, -e> [barklɔˡdəɪdjaɪ, -ɛ]
1 apronful
2
in the names of certain places where there are burial cairns, to explain the
profusion of stones through reference to a mythical being; See Barclodiad y Gawres
ETYMOLOGY: (barclod = apron) + (-aid = suffix to denote capacity).
In the north-west, the suffix -i-aid is used instead of –aid, hence barclodiaid
In the north-west, in a final diphthong a final e becomes a, and this applies too to the diphthongs ei,
ai, au which in most of
Hence barclodiaid > (barclodied) > barclodiad
:_______________________________.
barclodiad <bar-KLOD-yad> [barˡklɔdjad] masculine
noun
PLURAL barclodiaid
<bar-KLOD-yaid, -yed> [barˡklɔdjaɪd, -ɛd]
1 North-west
Wales apronful; see barclodaid
:_______________________________.
Barclodiad y
Gawres <bar-KLOD-yad ə
GAU-res> [barˡklɔdjad ə
ˡgaʊrɛs]
1 SH3270 name
of a burial chamber 3km north-west of Aberffraw,
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3270
map
2
SH3645 Locality on the Eifl
mountain, near Trefor, north-west
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH3645
map
From: Y Brython (= the Briton, the
Welshman), 1859, pages 428-9
Cilmin Droettu - Yr oedd Cilmin yn
cyfaneddu ym mysg ellyllon a gwŷr cyfarwydd... Daeth ryw dro ar ddamwain
yn gyfeillgar ag un o'r rhai olaf hyn. Gwyddai y cyfarwydd holl ddirgel
gyfrinion anian yn drwyadl oddi gerth un... hysbyswyd ef gan ei frodyr
cyfarwydd, fod y cyfryw gyfrin wedi ei ysgrifo ar blagawd teg, gan ryw law heb
fod yn eiddo dyn, yng nghudd ger llaw coryn un o binaclau pigfain yr Eifl, a
bod yno ellyll cuchiog yn ei wylio... Cilmin, yr hwn ni wybuasai erioed pa beth
oedd ofn, a ebrwydd gynnygiodd ei wasanaeth, i wneud cais am y trysor... Ymaith
â Chilmin tua Mynydd y Gefeilliaid Mawr (dyma enw arall ar yr Eifl), ac ar ôl
brwd deithio am hir amser, daeth o'r diwedd at Nant Gwrtheyrn, yr hwn gwm sydd
wedi ei furiaw o gwmpas â wal ddiadlam o greigiau ysgrynyglyd... Ymgripiodd o'r
Nant, a dyfod a wnaeth nes y cyrhaeddodd Dre'r Ceiri, neu Dref y Caerau,
cadarnle milwraidd ar goryn y big bellaf oddi wrth y môr o'r tri mynydd. Yr
oedd pob “ysgafell a chafell a chell” yn y fan, y pryd yr aeth Cilmin yno, yn
cael eu cyfaneddu gan ellyllon, a phob un o'r ellyllon yn barod ar yr awgrym
lleiaf i ddyfod allan i amddiffyn iawnderau eu prif lywydd, yr hwn a drefai ar
gopa'r graig uwch eu penau; a mawr y dinystr a'r direidi a fynych gyflawnid
ganddynt ar hyd a lled y wlad... Ger llaw hefyd, yn Moel Carn y Wrach, yr
arosai Cawres... ar yr adeg yr oedd Cilmin yn cyflawni ei gampwaith rhyfygus yr
oedd y Gawres yn dyfod â llonaid ei ffedog o geryg... gan fwriadu ei gwynias
boethi yn nhân ufelfar yr ellyll, a'u taflu wedyn yn do difaol i'r meusydd
cyfagos. Pan ganfu hi Cilmin yn dyfod mor ffwdanllyd, dychrynu a wnaeth, a
gollwng y geryg i lawr ar lethr y Foel a enwyd, ac y maent yno fyth, a gelwir
hwy Barclodaid y Gawres. Ar ôl hyn bu byd chwith rhwng y Gawres, Yr Ellyll a
Chilmin.
TRANSLATION: Cilmin Droetu (Cilmin of the black foot). Cilmin lived among elves
and men of knowledge - by chance he once became friendly with one of the
latter. The man of knowledge knew all the hidden secrets of nature thoroughly
except for one... he was informed by his fellow men of knowledge, that this
secret was written on a fair parchment, by a hand which was not human, hidden
near the peak of one of the tapering pinnacles of the Eifl, and there angry
elves watched over it... Cilmin, who had never known the meaning of fear,
quickly offered his service, to attempt to obtain the treasure... Off went
Cilmin towards Mynydd y Gefeilliaid Mawr (the mountain of the big twins) - that
is another name for the Eifl - and after travelling zealously for a long time,
he at last came to Nant Gwrthéyrn, which valley is walled around with a wall of
sharp rocks which once crossed over there is no return. He crept up from the
Nant, and came until he reached Tre'r Ceiri ('hamlet of the giants') or Tref y
Caerau ('hamlet of the forts'), a military stronghold on the top of the peak of
the three mountains furthest from the sea. Each ledge and nook and cranny in
the place, when Cilmin went there, was occupied by elves, and each elf was
ready at the least indication to come out to defend the rights of their main leader,
who lived on the top of the rock above their heads; and great was the
destruction and mischief often done by them the length and breadth of the
contry... Nearby too, in Moel Carn y Wrach ('bare top of the crag of the
witch') there lived a Giantess... at the time Cilmin was carrying out his
daring deed the Giantess was coming with her apron full of stones... intendung
to make them white hot in the (?unknown word - 'ufelfar') fire of the elves,
and throw them afterwards as a destructive covering into the neighbouring
fields. When she saw Cilmin coming towards her in such a bustle, she took
fright, and dropped the stones down on the slope of the Moel mountain earlier
mentioned, and there they are to this day, and they are called Barclodaid y
Gawres (the apronful of the giantess). After this things were bad between the
Giantess, the Elves and Cilmin.
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) apronful (of stones) (of) the giantess”) (barclodiad = apronful) + (y = the) + soft mutation + (cawres = giantess). The profusion of
stones at these places was explained by the actions of mythical figures.
:_______________________________.
bar coffi <bar KOO-fi> [bar ˡkoˑfɪ] masculine
noun
1 coffee bar = small café for coffee
and cakes
ETYMOLOGY: translation of English coffee
bar
:_______________________________.
barcty <BARK-ti> [ˡbarktɪ] masculine
noun
PLURAL barctai
<BARK-tai> [ˡbarktaɪ]
1 tannery
ETYMOLOGY: (barc- stem of barcio = to tan hides) + soft mutation
+ (-ty = house, building) > bárc-dy > barcty
:_______________________________.
barcud <BAR-kid> [ˡbarkɪd] (masculine noun
PLURAL barcudiaid
<bar-KID-yaid, -yed> [barˡkɪdjaɪd, -ɛd]
(delwedd 7006)
1 Milvus milvus red kite
(delwedd 7007)
2 In North Wales barcud traditionally refers to Buteo buteo, the buzzard, as do the the
Cornish (bargos) and Breton (barged), cognates of this name. The
standard name for the buzzard in Welsh is bwncath.
3
disgyn fel barcud ar swoop down on
(“fall like a red kite on”)
Byddai'n disgyn fel barcud ar bob bargen
yn y ffair he'd swoop down on every bargain in the fair
ETYMOLOGY: (1) From the same British root: as in North Wales,
Cornish bargos (= buzzard) (as in the
place name Ros Bargos “hill of the
buzzard”), and Karn Bargos (Carn
Bargas) at An Woen-wenn (Whitemoor), in
Nanpyghan (Nanpean)
Breton barged (= buzzard)
(2) Welsh barcud is a word based on
a British element *barg, which also
gave rise to the now obsolete Welsh word bery
(= bird of prey, kite).
(3) On the basis of the Cornish and Breton forms one might expect Welsh
*bargod.
(4) The final syllable in Welsh barcud
has a different origin to the Cornish and Breton forms, namely cud (= kite), from Old English cŷta (= kite), related to Middle
High German word küze (= owl).
(5) The structure seems to be in Old Welsh (bargh = bird of prey, kite) + soft mutation + (cud = kite). This would have given *bargh-gud, and the combination gh-g would have produced c,
hence barcud.
(6) Another example of gh-g becoming
c is helcyd (= to chase) < helgh-gyd,
apparently Old Welsh helgh- (=
to hunt) + cyd (= common, united)
NOTE: Also barcut, (apparently barcut < barcud, the 't' possibly being in imitation of the final 't' in
English 'kite') From this the diminutive forms barcutyn, barcutan.
:_______________________________.
barcut <BAR-kit> [ˡbarkɪt] masculine noun
1
Milvus
milvus = red kite; see barcud
:_______________________________.
barcutan <bar-KI-tan> [barˡkɪtan] masculine
noun
1
Milvus
milvus = red kite; see barcud
:_______________________________.
barcutyn <bar-KI-tin> [barˡkɪtɪn] masculine
noun
1
Milvus
milvus = red kite; see barcud
:_______________________________.
Barcutyn llwyd
o'r coed
A ffwlbart wedi drewi
A winci naw mlynedd oed
<bar-KI-tin LHUID or KOID, a FUL-bart WEE-di
DREU-i, a WING-ki NAU-mluidh OID>
[barˡkɪtɪn ˡɬʊɪd ɔr
ˡkɔɪd, a ˡfʊlbart ˡweˑdɪ
ˡdrɛʊɪ, a ˡwɪŋkɪ ˡnaʊ
mlʊɪđ ˡɔɪd]
county of Ceredigion
1 humorous answer to the question Beth sydd i ginio? What's for dinner?
(“a little grey (or mouldy) red kite from the woods, and a polecat which has
let off a stink, and a weasel nine years old”)
:_______________________________.
bardd <BARDH> [barđ] masculine
noun
PLURAL beirdd
<BEIRDH> [bəɪrđ]
1 bard = poet; the poets formed part
of the leading classes among the Celts
2
poet = person who writes poetry
bardd a llenor oedd Rhisiart Puw
Rhisiart Puw was a poet and a writer
talwrn y beirdd competition amongst
poets, poetry contest
3 cynfardd, early poet, Welsh
poet from the early period (500s to 1100)
(cyn- = previous) + soft mutation +
(bardd = poet)
gogynfardd Welsh poet from the 100s to the
1300s
(go- prefix, quite) + soft mutation + (cynfardd = early poet)
“quite early poet” (i.e. not the earliest poet)
4 Gorsedd y Beirdd (qv) congress of bards;
a development of the sense gorsedd =
court of law, tribunal
(the modern sense of gorsedd is
‘throne’)
5
gwynfardd (literally “blessed bard”)
druid = highest order in Congress of Bards (Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydein)
(gwyn- <ə> [ə], penult form of gwyn
<i> [ɪ] ) + soft mutation + (bardd = bard, poet)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *bard-
< Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish bardh
(= poet), Breton barzh (= poet)
From the same Celtic root: Irish bard
(= poe