1355ke
Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia / la Web de Gal·les i Catalunya. Tribannau Morgannwg. Rowch i mi fenthyg ceffyl i fynad dros y lan
I garu'r ferch benfelan sy'n byw ’da i thad a’i mam / Ac os na ddaw-i'n foddog
a’i gwaddol gyta hi / Gadawaf iddi'n llonydd, wàth bachgan pert w i
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia Welsh
Verses from Morgannwg with translations |
Adolygiad diweddaraf / Latest update 24 07 2002 |
1232k - Cymraeg yn unig
From time to time we’ll
add English translations here (the verses in Welsh only are to be found on page
1232k – if
we detect anybody actually looking at thsi page, that is.
*0001**
IN GWENTIAN DIALECT:
Rowch i mi fenthyg ceffyl i
fynad dros y lan
I garu'r ferch benfelan sy'n byw ’da i thad a’i mam
Ac os na ddaw-i'n foddog a’i gwaddol gyta hi
Gadawaf iddi'n llonydd, wàth bachgan pert w i
IN STANDARD WELSH (this distorts the rhythm /
syllabification of the verse):
Rhowch i mi fenthyg ceffyl i fynd dros y lan
I garu'r ferch benfelen sydd yn byw gyda ei thad a’i mam
Ac os na ddaw hi'n foddog a’i gwaddol gyda hi
Gadawaf iddi'n llonydd, o waith bachgen pert yr wyf fi
TRANSLATION OF THE
STANDARD FORM:
Rhowch i mi fenthyg ceffyl i fynd dros y lan
Give me the loan of a
horse to go over the hill
I garu'r ferch benfelen sydd yn byw gyda ei thad a’i
mam
To court the flaxen-haired
girl who lives with her father and her mother
Ac os na ddaw hi'n foddog â’i gwaddol gyda hi
And if she will no come
contentedly with her dowry with her
Gadawaf iddi'n llonydd, o waith bachgen pert yr wyf fi
I
shall leave her in peace, because I’m a fine fellow
NOTES:
Rhowch = give! In the south-east, the
aspiration is lost, hence Rowch!
i mi = to me
benthyg = loan
benthyg ceffyl = a loan of a horse
In the structure VERB + CONJUGATED PREPOSITION
+ DIRECT OBJECT, the initial consonant of the direct object soft-mutates
Rhowch i mi fenthyg
ceffyl = lend me a
horse (“give to me (a) loan (of a) horse”)
i = preposition “to” , “in order to”.
Causes soft mutation.
mynd = to go. This was formerly a
disyllabic word, myned. In the
south-east this old form is retained, and the usual change in a final syllable
in this dialect of e > a takes
place, thus mynad.
i fynd = to go
dros = over
glan = river bank, seashore, lakeside;
hillside, hill. The word is feminine, and so after the definite article there is
soft mutation: y lan = the hill
i fynd dros y lan = to go over the hill.
caru = to love, but also “to court, to
woo”, “to go out with”
i = preposition “to” , “in order to”.
Causes soft mutation.
i garu = in order to court
melyn = yellow. The feminine form is melen
penfelyn = flaxen haired (pen = head)
+ soft mutation + (melyn = yellow). Although “pen melyn” might be
expected, as a compound there is soft mutation of the second element.
penfelen is the feminine form of penfelyn.
With the usual change in a final syllable in the south-east of e > a takes place, we have penfelan.
merch = girl. The word is feminine, and
so after the definite article there is soft mutation: y ferch = the girl. There
is also soft mutation of a following adjective, thus: y ferch benfelen.
’r the form of the definite article y after a vowel. Note that the definite
article is yr before a vowel, and y before a consonant. However it used
to be yr in all cases. So nowadays
we say y ferch, but at an earlier
period it was yr ferch.
i garu’r ferch is i + garu + yr + ferch
sydd = who is, which is
yn byw = a-living. Byw is the verb ‘to live’; in fact Welsh verbs are really gerunds,
and it equates nore with English “living” than “to live”. The particle “yn”
introuces the gerund in the same way as “on” was used in Old English, surviving
as “a-” in English dialect.
sydd yn byw = who lives
sy is a reduced form of sydd. There are
other example of words in Welsh which have lost a final dd, though generally
the are polysyllables.
(1) ceni
(you sing) < ceny < cenydd
(2) Dewi (= Saint David) < Dewy < Dewydd
(3) dimai
(= halfpenny) < dimei < dimeidd
(4) heno
(= tonight) < henodd
(5) i
fyny (= up, upwards) < i fynydd (“to upland / to mountain”)
(6) ohono (= of him) < ohonodd
(7) Maw
(river name) < Mawdd (today the
river name is Mawddach, but Maw is found in the town name Abérmaw, or Y Bermo "Barmouth"
sydd yn = who-is a-(doing
something); this contracts to sy’n
gyda = along with, in the company of .
From an old radical form cyd â, “together
with”
tad = father
ei followed by a spirant mutation = her. Ei thad = her father. The ‘ei’ form is
in fact artificial, and dates from the translation of the Bible in 1588. ‘Ei’
can also mean ‘his’ if followed by a soft mutation. Ei dad = his father. The real
form is “i”, and this is always the pronunciaiton in spoken Welsh. William
Salesbury thought there was some connection with Latin “eius”. It has been
adopted in standard written Welsh because it differentiates “i” (= her / his)
from “i” (preposition = to). In standard Welsh the pronunciation has also
become “ei” through the influence of this spelling. The “i” form survives after
vowels a, e, o – “a’i” (= and his), “o’i” (= from his), etc
gyda > ’da
In colloquial Welsh, many disyllable words, although stresed on the first
syllable, are reduced to the second UNstressed syllable. Other examples are:
(1) dyna (= there is) > na, (2) yma (= here ) > ma, (3)
hynny (= that) > ny, etc
ei
mam = her mother. Ei only mutates c p t;
it also prefixes an ‘h’ before a vowel.
ei thad a’i mam her
father and mother; in Welsh we must say “her father and her mother”
ac the form of “a” (= and)
before a vowel. It is in fact pronounced [aag]. In Middle Welsh, a final [g] was
spelt “c”, which didn’t cause much confusion as Welsh had no final [k] sound,
though it does today in scores of words taken from English. The “ac” spelling
had been retained to differentiate it from “ag” [aag] meaning ‘with’. Before a
consonant it is â.
daw = will come
os na = if not
os na ddaw = if (he / she / it) will not come
os
na ddaw hi = if she will not
come. The ‘h’ is lost in the south-east, hence ddaw-i
bodd = satisfaction
boddog = content
yn foddog = contentedly.
Adverbs are formed using the particle yn
+ soft mutation
â’i = with her
gwaddol = dowry, money
or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage
gyta = gyda. In
south-east
(1) b > p
(2) d > t
(3) g > c
gyta hi – “with her”
the ‘h’ is retained in the south-east if the syllable is stressed
gadael = to leave. Gadawaf is I shall leave. In the
south-east a colloquial form would be Fi
adawa i, or I adawa i. (Standard
southern Welsh has the preverbal particle “fe”, but inthe south-east the
personal pronouns are used, so instead of “fi” the full range is used “fi / ni
/ ti / chi / fe / ’i / nw”, or else ’i (= she)is used throughout.
Gadael i rywun
yn llonnydd leave somebody in peace
gwaith = work, o waith = “from work”, but in the south
in the same way as “o achos”, now generally “achos” = because. The “o” is lost
and the diphtong is simplified, hence “wàth”.
bachgen pert = a fine lad
(from English ‘pert’, originally ‘clever’)
yr wyf fi = I am, that
I am. In the south-esat it is reduced to rw
i and w i
The element to be emphasised in a sentence in Welsh goes
at the head. A normal sentence begins with a verb. If an out-of-place element
comes first, it was preceded in older Welsh by “ys”, meaning “it is”. This
still happens in Irish and Scottish (where the equivalent form is “is”).
Ys bachgen pert yr wyf fi It-is a fine
boy that I am. The “ys” though has disappeared in modern Welsh, except where
fossilised in certain phrases.
1004e
Y Wenhwyseg - iaith Gwent a Morgannwg
Gwentian - the dialect of Gwent and Morgannwg
·····
1051e
mynegai i destunau Cymraeg â chyfieithiadau Saesneg
index to Welsh texts with English translations
·····
0223e
yr iaith Gymraeg
the Welsh language
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