http://www.theuniversityofjoandeserrallonga.com/kimro/amryw/1_glasbridd/minnesota_17_rhan_13_riggs_williamson_enwau_lleoedd_0877e.htm

0877e Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia / Wales-Catalonia Website. The Welsh in Minnesota – an online version of a book published in 1895 - "History of the Welsh in Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Ia. Gathered by the Old Settlers. Edited by Revs. Thos. E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes"

0001z Y Tudalen Blaen / Home Page

··········1864e Y Porth Saesneg / English Gateway

····················0010e Y Barthlen / Plan of the website

······························1804e Y Cymry Alltud / The Welsh in exile

···············································1927e Cyfeirddalen i Adran Gwladfa’r Glasbridd / Orientation page for the Welsh Blue Earth Settlement, Minnesota

····························································.y tudalen hwn / aquesta pàgina

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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya The Wales-Catalonia Website HANES Y CYMRY YM MINNESOTA (17) HISTORY OF THE WELSH IN MINNESOTA (17) (Fersiwn destun electronaidd o’r llyfr a gyhoeddwyn yn 1895) (Electronic Text version of the book published in 1895) Pages 294-296 55 Appendix 1: The Sioux and their Names of Places

Adolygiad diweddaraf / Latest update: 25 09 2001

(55) · APPENDIX 1: THE SIOUX AND THEIR NAMES OF PLACES · (Page 294)
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The Dakota Tribes at the Bend of the Minnesota and Their Names of Places
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By Drs. A. L. Riggs and J. P. Williamson.
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In response to letters sent to Rev. A. L. Riggs, D. D., principal of the Santee Normal Training School at Santee Agency, Neb., and to Rev. John P. Williamson, D. D., of Greenwood, S.D., regarding the Indians and their names of places in the region of the Great Bend of Minnesota, we received the following most inteseting and valuable matter. No better authority on the points covered can be found than these two worthy men, who have spent their lives among our Sioux Indians. They are sons of the renowned missionaries Dr. S. K. Riggs and Dr. T. S. Williamson.
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LETTER OF DR. A. L. RIGGS
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Mah-kah-to means Blue Earth. The place where the Indians procured "blue earth" was near the mouth of the Blue Earth and as I understand they named the stream from that as well as the particular place.
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Minneopa is a name manufactured by white men. The nearest Dakota word is Minnenonpa meaning two waters. But I do not know they ever called the twin falls that.
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Wvraju (??Waraju - difficult to make out) is more correctly spelt Wa-gha-oju. The gh is guttural. It means cottonwood grove, or literally cottonwood planting.
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Swan Lake was Maga Tanka Mde. The spelling "Merah" is an old spelling when "r" was used for the guttural gh which we now write with a marked "g". The word is Mah-ghah-tan-kah. The "n" is nasal.
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Rev. John B. Renville of whom you speak is still working as a pastor of one of our Indian churches at Sisseton Agency, a useful christian worker, universally beloved.
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You are certainly right in your estimate of the important influence of the missionary work in restraining many of the people from joining in the outbreak and securing kind treatment and final deliverance for many captives.
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Santee Agency, Neb., March 14, 1895. A. L. RIGGS
(Photo of Alfred Riggs at http://www.esu1.k12.ne.us/~santewww/schhis/schoolhistory.htm History of the Santee Schools: "The Santee Normal Training School was founded by Alfred L. Riggs, an American Board member, in an attempt to train native teachers. As a boarding school, established in the winter of 1870-1871, it had an enrollment of 111 and an average attendance of 69. From 1870-1923, the school had 2,398 pupils on the roll. After 67 years, the school closed in 1937... Riggs was constantly defending usage of the Dakota language while teaching. In 1886-7, he was ordered by the government to teach only in the English language. In Riggs' official report he pointed out that in the normal department of the school the use of Dakota was 'indispensable to the best instruction.'")
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LETTER OF DR. J. P. WILLIAMSON
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When the country around Mankato was settled forty years ago, the Indians living in that region gave the following designations to the prominent points:
1. Onyuwega (The Crossing). This was Travers (sic) de Sioux (near St. Peter.) It was so called because it was the point at which all travel from Ft. Snelling and the east, crossed the Minnesota river; from which point the travel was up the north side of the Minnesota river passing Swan Lake. And Traverse had been occupied for many years previous as a trading post by Provencal and others.
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2. Mayasapa (Black Banks). Mouth of the Blue Earth river. It was not called by the Indians Mankato, its present name.
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3. Makato-oze (Blue Earth diggings). The name of the Blue Earth river. This is evidently what the town Mankato took its name from.
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4. Ma-gha-tan-ka Ota (Many Swan). The name of Swan Lake.
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5. Wa-gha-oju (Cottonwood groves). The name seems to have been applied to both the Big and Little Cottonwood rivers.
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6. Kah-min (The Bend). This was the general designation for the country around Mankato, as far as St. Peter, Swan Lake and Cambria Creek.
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7. The Minnesota river they called Wah kpa Minnesota, "The river of sky-tinted water."
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The Sioux tribes have been drifting for 500 years from the Northeast to the Southwest. Their oldest traditions show that they lived around Lake Superior. Two hundred years ago the Yankton Sioux were about Mankato. One hundred years later they had gone Southwest into what is now Dakota, and their place was taken by Wahpetons and Sissetons. Before that country was open for white settlement the Wahpetons had mostly gone further up the Minnesota and the Sissetons were the principal occupants, with a few from the bands further east. Fifty years ago there were two leading bands of Sisseton Sioux in that region.
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1. Red Iron's Band, called by the Indians Kah min ontonwe, "Those who live in the Bend," lived at different points on the Minnesota river, both above and below Mankato. Their headquarters was at Traverse, but I think that most of the Indians about South Bend belonged to Red Iron's Band. And the Sixes whom you speak of I think were "Mdewakanton" Sioux who had lately come in from Little Six's band, who lived about Shakopee (Six.) Then there were some Wah-pe-koo-tay Sioux who had come over from about Faribault. Their head chief was Red Legs. Who "The Friend" was that lived at Judson I do not know.
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2. Sleepy Eye's band of Sissetons had their headquarters at Swan Lake. Their Indian name was Sheyo, (Prairie Chickens.) It was some of this band who lived at the mouth of the Big Cottonwood, and I suspect at Judson, too, but don't know. Their chief was Ishta-hba (Sleepy Eye.) He died before the massacre, was a good friend of the whites. Red Irion was also a good man, but many of his band were wild. After they left the Bend they settled a few miles above Granite Falls. A majority of his young men were active in the massacre, and after Gen. Sibley routed the Indians at Yellow Medicine they fled to Manitoba where they still are. Sleepy Eye himself had nothing to do with the massacre. Was removed with the remnant of his tribe to Sisseton Agency where he died about 1870. Has one daughter living.
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Sleepy Eye's band moved first to Sleepy Eye Lake. After the massacre they scattered to the Sisseton Agency, Devils Lake and elsewhere.
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The Sixes as a band were probably the worst Indians in the massacre, though I know nothing particular about those who lived around the Bend. The chief Little Six was hung with Medicine Bottle at Ft. Snelling about a year after the massacre. The majority of this band are in Manitoba - a few at Santee Agency, Nebraska, and elsewhere.
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I can vouch for the fact that none of the Renvilles had anything to do with the massacres at Butternut Valley. Indeed, there is no proof that any Indian who professed the christian religion previous to 1862 had any connection with any of the massacres of that year. At that time there were less than two dozen Indians who professed to be christians, and the few men who made themselves noted for befriending the whites were nearly all from those two dozen. For instance, John Otherday, Simon Anawagmani and Lorenzo Lawrence.
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The revival in the prison at Mankato was a very wonderful spiritual awakening. The truth which the missionaries had preached for twenty years and which seemed to have been cast upon the hard rock, there sprang up like Jonah's gourd in a night, but unlike the gourd, much of the fruit remains to this day. Nearly every one of the 300 (about that number) were baptized, and most of them united with the Presbyterian church that my father, Rev. Thos. S. Williamson, organized in prison. A few preferred to unite with the Catholic and Episcopal churches. Of this number probably about fifty are still living and are mostly faithful to their profession. Two are ministers, Rev. Artemas Ehnamani, of Santee Agency, Neb., and Rev. Louis Mazawakinyanna of Sisseton Agency. Another, Rev. David Greycloud, died a few years ago. Many others are still bearing office as elders or deacons in our churches.
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Greenwood, S. D., April, 1895. JOHN P: WILLIAMSON.
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0864e On to the next section - "Additonial Account of the Sioux War"

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OTHER LINKS TO PAGES IN THE "WALES-CATALONIA" WEBSITE:
1920e Geirfa Lakota (Dakota)-Cymraeg-Saesneg / Lakota (Dakota)-Welsh-English vocabulary

EXAMPLE:
Pezhúta Zi
Meddyginiaeth Felÿn (enw pentre)
Yellow Medicine (village name)
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0880 ??
Tudalen mynegeiol – Yr Ymsefydlwÿr Cymraeg a’r Cenhedloedd Dak^hota-Lak^hota a Ho-Tshw^ñk
Index page to 'The Welsh settlers and the Dak^hota-Lak^hota (Sioux) and Ho-Chu^ñk (Winnebago) Nations'
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0855 ??
Rhestr o gynnwÿs y llÿfr hwn (Hanes Cymrÿ Minnesota)
List of the contents of 'The History of the Welsh in Minnesota
...
0894 ??
Ein mynegai i'r llÿfr (heb ei orffen)
Our index to the book (incomplete)
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0895 ??
ychwanegiadau diweddaraf o 'Hanes y Cymrÿ ym Minnesota...'
latest additions from the 'History of the Welsh in Minnesota
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0856e
ein rhestr o'r enwau yn 'Hanes y Cymrÿ ym Minnesota...' (heb ei orffen)
our list of the names which appear in the 'History of the Welsh in Minnesota...' (incomplete)
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0855 ??
Rhestr o gynnwÿs y llÿfr 'History of the Welsh in Minnesota...'
List of the contents of 'The History of the Welsh in Minnesota...' 
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0859e
y Cymrÿ yn erbÿn y Sioux a'r Winnebagos - gwrthryfel 1862
the Welsh against the Sioux and the Winnebagoes - the 1862 uprising
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0550 ??
mynegai i'r hÿn sÿdd gennÿm yn y Gwefan 'Cymru-Catalonia'
index to the pages in the "Wales-Catalonia" website
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LINKS TO OTHER WEBSITES:

0861 - Cewch weld newyddiadur arlein, gwrando ar y radio, ac edrych ar y teledu - i gÿd yn Gymráeg ar wefan y BBC!
SEE AN ONLINE NEWSPAPER, HEAR THE RADIO AND SEE THE TV - ALL IN THE WELSH LANGUAGE ON THE BBC (BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION) WEBSITE . CLICK HERE!

EDRYCHWCH - VIEW
Edrychwch ar ein Llÿfr Ymwelwÿr!
View our Visitors' Book!

LLOFNODWCH - SIGN
Hoffech chi lofnodi ein Llÿfr Ymwelwÿr?
Would you like to sign our Visitors' Book?

Cliciwch ar y botwm i gael gwÿbodaeth am lÿfr ymwelwÿr rhad ac am ddim
Click on the button for information about a free visitors' book

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LINKS

LAKOTA-DAKOTA-NAKOTA
(1) http://www.lakotaoyate.com/welcome.html Lakota Oyate
"To defend and preserve Lakota culture from exploitation."
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(2) http://www.enter.net/~drutzler/intro.htm Welcome to Spirit's Place
"So yeah, I am Native American. Lakota actually. I do "Indian stuff", but I am a human being first and foremost. I created this set of pages for many reasons. First, to help keep Native information easily available for all... The Lakota Language Page will be updated monthly with a new subject. This month's lesson: "Animals". Check it out for basic grammar and phonetics. There is no charge for these lessons, no club to join or anything else to "buy". This is for you, the curious, the seeking and the informed"
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(3) http://207.254.63.58/language1.htm Introduction to Lakota
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(4) Hau! Tima hiyu wo! 'Greetings! Come inside!' Hokahe, hel iyotaka. 'Welcome' to the Lodge of šung'manitu-Išna, ' Lone Wolf '. The intent of these pages is to honor a proud and noble people, the Oglala Lakota, of Pine Ridge, South Dakota. http://207.254.63.58/i-welcome.htm#sitemap
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(5) Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe's Homepage http://swcc.cc.sd.us/homepage.htm
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(6) Sota Iya Ye Yapi - http://www.earthskyweb.com/news.htm - bringing news of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe / Dakota Nation and Lake Traverse Reservation to the World Wide Web. Weekly, with updates when appropriate during the week.
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(7) KILI Radio, the Voice of the Lakota Nation. http://www.lakotamall.com/kili/schedule.htm
KILI Radio (pronounced "KEE-lee") is the largest Indian-owned and operated public radio station in America. We broadcast in English and Lakota 22 hours each day to homes on three reservations in the Black Hills. Our listeners are spread out over 10,000 square miles, an area larger than the state of Delaware. KILI means "cool" or "awesome" in the Lakota language. KILI Radio is cool, but it's much more than that. It's a vital force of preservation for Lakota people and our culture.
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(8) Lakota newspaper. EYAPAHA - allies of the Lakota. http://www.lakotamall.com/allies/Eyapaha/99F/
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(9) Links to Lakota-Dakota-Nakota (Sioux) Indians Sites http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12lakota.html
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(10) http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/dakota/Dakota_excerpts.html
In Their Own Words: Excerpts from Speeches & Letters Concerning the Dakota Conflict
SPEECH OF HDAINYANKA IN FAVOR OF CONTINUING WAR
LETTER FROM GENERAL POPE DECLARING HIS GOAL OF EXTERMINATING SIOUX
LETTER FROM BISHOP WHIPPLE CONCERNING DEGREES OF GUILT
ADDRESS TO CONDEMNED PRISONERS BEFORE THEIR EXECUTIONS
STATEMENT OF TAZOO AT THE TIME OF HIS EXECUTION
LETTER OF HDAINYANKA WRITTEN SHORTLY BEFORE HIS EXECUTION
LETTER FROM REV. THOMAS WILLIAMSON TO REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY
LETTER FROM REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY TO HIS WIFE
GEORGE CROOK'S (WAKANAJAJA'S) ACCOUNT OF JOURNEY TO PRISON CAMP
CALL OF JACOB NIX, COMMANDANT OF NEW ULM, FOR DAKOTA BLOOD
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The above is a section form
(11) The Dakota Indian Conflict http://www.ic.mankato.mn.us/reg9/nul/tour/dakota.html
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(12) http://www.nara.gov/exhall/originals/sioux.html "The Black Hills of Dakota are sacred to the Sioux Indians. In the 1868 treaty, signed at Fort Laramie and other military posts in Sioux country, the United States recognized the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation, set aside for exclusive use by the Sioux people. However, after the discovery of gold there in 1874, the United States confiscated the land in 1877. To this day, ownership of the Black Hills remains the subject of a legal dispute between the U.S. government and the Sioux..."
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HO-CHUÑK
(9) The Ho-Chunk ('Winnebago') Nation http://www.ho-chunk.com/index.htm
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(10) (Ho-Chunk History - http://www.ho-chunk.com/culture_history_page.htm For example, 1856 Winnebago mission founded at Blue Earth and is attended by diocesan priest residing at Saints Peter & Paul Church in Mankato).
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(11) Ho-Chunk newspaper http://www.ho-chunk.com/dept_newspaper_page.htm
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(16) Indian Circle Web Ring, maintained by the Seminole Tribe of Florida. List of websites of federally acknowledged tribes in the contiguous 48 states and in Alaska. http://www.indiancircle.com/links.shtml
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INDIAN COUNTRY
(1) http://indiancountry.com Indian Country - America's Leading Indian News Source. Weekly online edtion
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(2) http://airos.org/grid.html Programme Schedule for AIROS (American Indian Radio On Satellite)
"The AIROS network is a national distribution system for Native programming to Tribal communities and to general audiences through Native American and other public radio stations as well as the Internet. Alter*Native Voices / California Indian Radio Project / Different Drums / Earthsongs / National Native News / Native America Calling / Native Sounds-Native Voices National / New Letters on Air / Voices from the Circle / Wellness Edition
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(3) Minnesota Indian Affairs Council http://www.indians.state.mn.us/stats.htm

Ble'r wÿf i? Yr ÿch chi'n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau'r Gwefan "CYMRU-CATALONIA"
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina of the Web "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Galles-Catalunya)
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Wales-Catalonia) Website
Weø(r) àm ai? Yùu àa(r) víziting ø peij fròm dhø "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (= Weilz-Katølóuniø) Wébsait

CYMRU-CATALUNYA