kimkat0926k Gwefan
Cymru-Catalonia. Nodweddion y Wenhwyseg (tafodiaith de-ddwyrain Cymru). Un o’r
nodweddion mwyaf trawiadol yw dileisio’r gytseiniau b,d,g ar gychwyn y sillaf
olas - cadair > catar, digon > dicon, ayyb..
● kimkat0001 Yr Hafan www.kimkat.org
● ● kimkat2001k Y Fynedfa Gymraeg www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwefan/gwefan_arweinlen_2001k.htm
● ● ● kimkat2045k
Tafodieithoedd Cymru www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_cymraeg/cymraeg_tafodieitheg_gymraeg_mynegai_2045k.htm
● ● ● ● kimkat0934k Y Wenhwyseg www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_cyfeirddalen_0934k.htm
● ● ● ● ● kimkat0926kY
tudalen hwn
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia Y Wenwhyseg (tafodiaith y de-ddwyrain) |
Adolygiad
diweddaraf |
Nodweddion o’r Wenhwyseg wedi’u cymharu
â’r Gymraeg safonol. Gellir tybio bod sawl un yn ddatblygiad ymhellach o
nodweddion a welir yn nhafodieithoedd y de-orllewin.
_______________________________________
01) Â yr ‘a
hir’ (aa) [a:] yn (ää) [æ:] (mae’n
debÿg i’r sain yn Saesneg safonaol ‘fair, hare, wear’)
Mewn ysgrifau tafodieithol, am nad oes
sumbol arferol iddi, fe’i hysgrifennir ê, oherwydd mae’r cynaniad yn debÿg i
‘e’ hir.
Fe’i ceir hefyd, fel yn y Wyddor Seinegol Ryngwladol, wedi ei gynrychioli gan y
llythyren ash (hynny yw, æ, ‘a’ i
‘e’ gyda’i gilydd)
Yn y wefan hon y mae’n well gennÿm:
ä pan fydd yn
cynrychioli’r (aa) [a:] sydd yn ‘a’ unigol yn yr orgraff
safonol (tad, bach)
pan
fydd yn cynrychioli’r (aa) [a:] sydd yn llythyren
unigol â hirnod (tân, glân)
ää pan fydd yn
cynrychioli’r (aa) [a:] sydd yn lleihad o’r ddeusain ae
[a·i] mewn geiriau unsill (traad < traed, maas < maes)
|
Cymraeg Safonol |
Y Wenhwÿseg |
|
bach |
bäch |
|
tân |
t |
|
traed |
trääd |
|
glân |
gl |
|
i maes |
määs |
|
tad |
täd |
|
cae |
cää |
|
llaeth |
llääth |
|
gwaed |
gwääd |
ENWAU LLEOEDD:
|
Aber-dare (man cyfarfod Dâr
a Chynon) |
Aber-d (mae’r ffurf
Saesneg - “Aberdare” – wedi’i seilio ar gynaniad lleol yr enw) |
|
Tre-gaer (pentref yn sir
Fynwy) |
Tre-gäär (mae’r ffurf
Saesneg - “Tregare” – wedi’i seilio ar gynaniad lleol yr enw) |
|
Nyth-brân. Fferm ym mhlwyf Llanwynno. |
Nyth-br |
_______________________________________
02) Yn y goben, symlheir wÿ (ui) [ui] > w (u) [ʊ].
gwÿbod (GUI-bod) [ˡguibɔd], gwbod (GU-bod) [ˡgʊbɔd]
cwÿmpo (KUIM-po) [ˡkuimpɔ], cwmpo (KUM-po) [ˡkʊmpɔ]
_______________________________________
03)
symleiddio ar y clwstwr cytseiniol cychwynnol chw (khw) [xw] > hw (hw) [hw] (De-orllewin-west) > w (w) [w] (De-ddwÿrain)
chwech (khweekh) [xwe:x] >
(De-orllewin) hwech (hweekh) [hwe:x] > (De-ddwÿrain) wech (weekh) [we:x]
chwarae (KHWAA-rai) [ˡxwa·rai] > (De-orllewin) (HWAA-rai) [ˡhwa·rɛ] > (De-dwÿrain) wara (WAA-ra) [ˡwa·ra]
_______________________________________
04) symleiddio
ar y clwstwr ddl > l
(lleoliad terfynol) (yn y Gymraeg safonol dl)
anadl (AA-nadl) [ˡa·nadl], anaddl (AA-nadl) [ˡa·nadl] > anal (AA-nal) [ˡa·nal]
banadl (BAA-nadl) [ˡba·nadl], banaddl
(BAA-nadl)
[ˡba·nadl] > anal (BAA-nal) [ˡba·nal]
_______________________________________
05) Simplification of aea [ei + a]
aea [ei +
a] > ae [aai] > a [a]
haearn [HEI-arn] = iron > hae’rn > harn [harn], or more usually ‘arn [arn] (with the loss of the ‘h’)
aea [ei +
a] > ae [aai] > aa [aa] > ää [ää]
daear [DEI-ar] = fox’s earth > dae’r > daar [daar] > däär [däär]
traean [TREI-an] = third > trae’n > traan [traan] > trään [trään] (in place names in Tonyrefail)
related changes:
gaeaf [GEI-av] = winter > gae’f, in the place name
Gaefdÿ [GEIV-di] winter
house
cynhaeaf [kø-NHEI-av] = autumn; Cynheidre = autumn farm,
Lalnelli, Sir Gaernarfon
maerdÿ > ma’rdi = various
place names in the south-east
Llanilltud Faerdre > Llanilltud Fa’rdre
_______________________________________
06) many disyllabic forms lose the first syllable (a feature common to all
dialects of Welsh)
yma [Ø-ma] = here > ’ma [ma]
_______________________________________
07) loss of an initial vowel (especially initial y-) or an initial syllable (a feature
common to all dialects of Welsh)
ymenÿn [ø-ME-nin] = mantega > ’menÿn [ME-nin]
afalau [a-VA-lai] = pomes > (South-west) ‘fale [VA-le] > (South-east) ’fala [VA-la]
_______________________________________
08) reduction of the diphtnong in the accented syllable ei [øi] > i [ii]
gweithio [GWØITH-yo] = treballar > gwiitho [GWII-tho]
_______________________________________
09) in monosyllables, reduction of oe [ôi] > oo [oo]
coed [kôid] = wood > cood [kood]. "
PLACE NAMES:
|
Pen-coed < pen y coed
(“(the) end / side (of) the wood”) A village by Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr. |
Pen-cood |
|
Nant-y-moel (“(the)
valley (of) the bald man / the tonsured man / the monk”) A village by Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr. |
Nant-y-mool |
_______________________________________
10) metathesis, or transposition of sounds - in some words, this is common to
the whole of Wales; in others, restricted to the south-east, such as - l-dd > dd-l)
cywilÿdd [kø-WI-lidh] = shame > c’wilÿdd [KWI-lidh] > c’widdÿl [KWI-dhil]
gilÿdd [GI-lidh] = companion > giddÿl [GI-dhil] (in the expression ‘i gilÿdd / i giddÿl - each other)
PLACE NAME: Llanhiledd [lhan-HI-ledh]> Llanhiddel [lhan-HI-dhel]
casglu [KA-skli] = collect > clasgu [KLA-ski]
_______________________________________
11) in monosyllables in the South-west and South-east, retention of the
diphthong ou [oi] from Middle Welsh, which in other
parts of Wales has become eu [ei] >
au [ai]
clou [kloi] = quick > (Standard Welsh) clau [klai]
dou [doi] = twos > (Standard Welsh) dau [dai]
_______________________________________
12) In monosyllables, aa [aa] > ää [long open ‘e’, rather as in English
‘face’]
haf [haav] = summer, ’äf [ääv]
_______________________________________
13) Also in monosyllables, which in the south are reductions of ae [âi] > aa [aa] > ää [ää]
i maes [i MÂIS] = outside, maas [maas] (South-west) > määs [määs]
_______________________________________
14) loss of intial h [h]
hen [heen] = old, ’en [een]
chwech [khweekh] = six > (South-west) hwech [hweekh] > (South-east) wech [weekh]
Typical of the English of this part of Wales - on the ‘ill, in the ‘Igh
Street
_______________________________________
15) Unvoicing of the initial consonant of a final syllable
if it is g, d, b
g [g] > c [k],
d [d] > t [t],
b [b] > p [p]
eglwÿs [E-gluis] = church > (South-west) eglws [E-glus] > (South-east) eclws [E-klus]
cadair [KA-dair] = chair > (South-west) cader [KA-der] > (South-east) catar [KA-tar]
PLACE NAMES:
|
b >
p |
Llanfable a
village in the parish of Llan-arth Fawr, Sir Fynwÿ |
This
would have been *Llanfapla (as
suggested by the ‘English’ form of the name - Llanvapley) |
Final e would have become a (Llanfaple > Llanfapla) |
|
t >
d |
Llangadog (as in the Sir
Gaerfyrddin village name). “the church of Cadog” |
Llangatwg - name
of five villages in the south-east, |
Final o has become w [u] |
|
b >
p |
Yr
Aber - the
local name of Abertyleri |
Yr Rapar > Rapar |
Final e has become a |
_______________________________________
16) Any final e [e] > e [a]. (this happens too
in the North-west)
mesen [ME-sen] = acorn, mesan [ME-san]
_______________________________________
17) (South-west Wales) In polysyllables, in the final
syllable, ae [aai] , ai [ai] , au [ai] > e [e]. In the south-east there is a
further change of e > a
chwarae [KHWA-rai] = play, hware [HWA-ra] > hwara [HWA-ra]
cadair [KA-dair] = chair, cader [KA-der] - in the South-east > catar [KA-tar]
pedair [PE-dair] = four (feminine form), peder [PE-der] - in the South-east > petar [PE-tar]
pethau [PE-thai] = thing, pethe [PE-the] > (South-east) petha [PE-tha]
parthau [PAR-thai] = places, area > partha [PAR-tha]
_______________________________________
19) loss of the final f [v] in polysyllables (a feature common
to all dialects of Welsh)
cyntaf [KØN-tav] = first > cynta [KØN-tav]
_______________________________________
20) loss of final r [r] or final l [l] in
polysyllables after a consonant (t, b, g) (a feature common to all dialects of
Welsh)
ffenestr [FEN-nestr] = window > (South-west) ffenest [fe-nest] > (South-east) ffenast [fe-nast]
posibl [PO-sibl] = possible > posib [PO-sib]
_______________________________________
21) in a pretonic suyllable, loss of a vowel between some combinations of
consonants, espellay the loss of y [ø] (a feature common to all dialects
of Welsh)
cywilÿdd [kø-WI-lidh] = shame > c’wilÿdd [kwi-lidh]
Caradog [ka-RA-dog] = (man’s name; surname) > C’radog [KRA-dog]
_______________________________________
22) palatalisation; s [s] > sh [sh] before and after the vowel i
eistedd [ØI-stedh] = sit down > ishte [I-shte] (South-west) > ishta (South-east)
llais [lhais] = voice > llaish [lhaish]
mis [miis] = month > mish [miish]
Lleision formerly
[LHØIS-yon] = man’s name > Lleishon / Lliishon [LHII-shon] (Leyshon is the
Englished form)
_______________________________________
23) colled yr i gytseiniol
ar ddechrau sillaf derfynol, sydd i’w gweld yn yr olddodiad lluosog -iau (yai) [jai], a’r olddodiad berfol -io (yo) [jɔ]
Mae’r nodwedd hon i’w gweld trwy Dde Cyrmru
yn gyffredinol
bryniau [BRØN-ye]
> brynne [BRØ-ne] (South-west) > brynna [BRØ-na] (South-east)
As in the village name (Y)
Brynna
stopio [STOP-yo] = parar > stopo [STO-po]
Einion [EIN-yon] > Einon [EI-non] (man’s name)
This is probably also the reason for
English Brecknock for the county of Brycheiniog, via Brychein’og
_______________________________________
24) in a final syllable, reduction of wÿ [ui] > w [u].
ofnadwÿ [ov-NA-dui] = terrible, > (South-west) ofnadw [ov-NA-du] > (South-east) ofnatw [ov-NA-tu]
Ebwÿ > Ebw [E-bu]
(river name)
Mynwÿ > Mynw [MØ-nu]
(river name, origin of the English form Monnow)
(i’w barhau)
Sumbolau arbennig: ŷ ŵ
www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_gwenhwyseg/gwenhwyseg_nodweddion_y_wenhwyseg_0926k.htm
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