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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia 24 The Colony from Jackson (Ohio) |
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History of the Welsh in
Edited by the Reverends
Thomas E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas
Hughes.
1895
(delw 4062) (tudalen 38)
(x38)
24 · THE COLONY FROM JACKSON (OHIO)
A few years prior to this time a number of Welsh farmers in Jackson
county, Ohio, had embarked in the iron industry and built a furnace, called
Jefferson Furnace. To make iron they found to be easy enough, but to dispose of
it when made was not so easy, and they soon had stacks of it on hand. Financial
embarrassment was the natural result. Many of them having risked their all in
the enterprise, began to be really scared, and determined to sell out their
shares at once before the crash came, and move in a colony to some western
county. The reading of Rev. Richard Davies' articles first attracted their
attention towards
On Christmas, 1855, occurred the first Christian marriage in the
Judson-Eureka settlement. The contracting parties were Wm. C. Williams and Miss
Hannah, daughter of David J. Williams (
Among other events, which occurred during the year 1855, (x38) were: the organization of South Bend as a
school district, (No. 3,) on the fifth of January; the teaching of the first
school by Mrs. Joshua Barnard at her own house during the summer; the building
of the first school house in the fall, near where the residence of David P.
Davis stands, in South Bend village; the first "seiet" (church
meeting) held November 14th; the erection of a saw mill in the village by D. C:
Evans and William F. Price; the establishment of a postoffice with M. Thompson
as postmaster; the building of a bridge over the Blue Earth by the United
States government at a cost of $10,000; the laying out of the South Bend and
Judson highway on October 2d; and an election held October 9th, at which South
Bend cast 22 votes out of the 137 cast in the country. This fall, also, a
literary society was organized at D. C. Evans' house at
·····
Early in April, 1856, David and Edward Dackins, with their father, settled
in Judson. April 19, David Y. Davis returned to the settlement, bringing John
Llewellyn, John Phillips and Richard Thomas with him from Pomeroy, O., but none
of these made claims except Richard Thomas, who staked out the present David
Morris farm in
Early in May, John Shields and family arrived from Pomeroy, O. and settled
in
(delw
4062) (tudalen 38)
(x39) after a tedious journey of four weeks. There
were 121 souls in all, and they came with their baggage in one large boat,
which was much too large for the narrow winding stream of the
·····
The colony had intended to settle together, but the lands along the timber
belts having been mostly taken up, their plans were greatly disconcerted. The
great prairie country which today is thickly settled was in those days
considered uninhabitable, and our colonists spent two or three weeks walking
the country over, looking in vain for unoccupied claims adjoining the timber.
·····
David E. Evans, who came with the Jackson colony, was an old acquaintance
of Thos. Davis, who had settled in Le Sueur county the year previous, coming
from the same place in Ohio; and in company with Lewis P. Jones, he went to pay
him a visit. While there they were fully persuaded by
(delw 4068) (tudalen 40)
(x40) along the boundary line, east and west,
between the towns of
·····
Another portion of the colony located in the Cottonwood neighborhood, among
whom were: Rev. David Davis, David P. Davis, David Price, John Walters, Wm. P.
Jones, Richard Morgan, James Morgan and Thos. Lloyd. This, as well as another
fraction of the colony which settled near Minneopa creek, had to purchase
claims. The
·····
About the 12th of May, J. T. Williams, Esq., landed at
(delw 4069) (tudalen 41)
(x41) because the grass grew so tall in the valleys,
that one could not travel but a short distance in a day. The settlements,
nevertheless, continued to prosper through good report and evil report, and
people came rushing in from all sides like a flood.
·····
During the summer of 1855 and '56, most of the settlers managed to have a
portion of their land under cultivation. Many of our Welsh pioneers had passed
their days in the coal mines, and knew nothing about farming. This was
especially true of the Judson or
·····
Many amusing incidents are told of these unsophisticated grangers. One planted
his potatoes in a heap in one hill; another seeded his land with cockle in
mistake for turnips, and another still, shocked his grain with the butts of the
bundles upward, insisting there was no sense in leaving the heads out in the
weather.
·····
It did not require much machinery to farm in those days. A scythe for hay and a
cradle for grain were the most approved harvesting tools, and these in the
hands of our stout collier boys had a most vicious habit of getting among the
roots of things, just as a pick or shovel might.
·····
The first crop raised consisted of corn, buckwheat and potatoes; which at the
planting and harvesting required all the vigilance of the settler and his
family to guard against the gophers and black birds, which then, were a plague
in the land. In those days he was a big farmer who raised fifty bushels of
grain. Evan as late as 1859 the aggregate amount of wheat raised in the three
Welsh townships,
·····
During the same year (1859), the same three towns produced only 2,755 bushels
of oats, 8,129 bushels of corn, and 5,874
(delw 4070) (tudalen 42)
(x42) bushels of potatoes. Twenty years later,
(1879), the same towns produced 142,278 bushels of wheat, 111,596 bushels of
oats, and 74,719 bushels of corn. Corn meal, often ground in a coffee mill, and
made into Johnny cake or hasty pudding, formed the pioneer's staple article of
diet for several years. In 1855 and '56, when our pioneers were buying their
seed and their stock, the prices were all high. Wheat was $2.00 to $2.50 per
bushel, corn, potatoes and other produce $1.00 per bushel. Cattle were worth
$50 to $60 a head, and even a cat could not be had for less than $5.00 dollars.
By the time our settlers had something to sell, however, the prices had
declined to a mere nominal sum in trade.
·····
25 · THE ORGANIZATION OF JUDSON
·····
The first thing a Frenchman does in a new country is to build a trading post,
an American builds a city, a German builds a beer hall, and a Welshman builds a
church. So our Welsh pioneers in Minnesota paid their first attention to the
founding of churches, leaving to some chance American in their midst to attend
to the organization of townships, the establishment of postoffices, the
speculating in town sites, the forming of joint stock and agricultural
societies, and the holding of political places. There were a few Welshman,
however, who had been so far Americanized as to form an exception to the rule,
and, perhaps, just as all acquired tastes are more violent and ungovernable
than natural ones. They may have carried their speculation or political schemes
to an extreme. Still the mas of our Welshmen, even to this day, take no special
interest in anything of a purely economic or political character. The genuine Cymro
can not talk ten minutes with you about politics, the pedigree of a horse, or
the best method of tillage, but he can sit on his heels by the hour, and with
beaming countenance, tell the points of a good
(delw 4071) (tudalen 42a)
Horeb C.M. Church,
(C.M. = Calvinistic Methodist).
(delw 4072) (tudalen 43)
(x43) sermon or argue a knotty theological dogma. In
politics he is almost invariably a republican, but seldom cares to reason why,
and often could not if he cared; but he can tell you why he is a Methodist,
Congregationalist or Baptist, even to the most subtle distinctions.
·····
Though pre-eminently a nation of church builders, there are yet a few other
things in which the Welsh take an interest, such as poetry, music and oratory,
but these must be of a religious turn - the themes even of an Eisteddvod must
bear a scriptural character. The ancient Briton told his history in Triads.
Should the modern Briton imitate his example foremost among his Triads would be
these: The three great social organizations of the Welsh - the Church, the
Sabbath school, and the Bible society; the three great institutions for culture
- the Eisteddvod, the literary society, (Cyfarfod Lleiiyddol,)
and the singing school; the three pinacles of every Welshman's ambition - the
pulpit, the bardic chair and the musician's baton. In the channels of these
national traits flowed, naturally, the history of our pioneer Britons in the
wilds of Minnesota; and it is in these channels we must follow to find it.
·····
26 · HOREB CHURCH ORGANIZED ·
The people from Jackson, O., were almost exclusively Calvinistic Methodists,
having originally come from near Llangeitho(,)
Cardiganshire, the Mecca of Welsh Methodism, and the home of the immortal
Rowlands. The Wisconsin people, also, were nearly all of the same denomination
and had emigrated in the first place from Anglesea and North Wales. As these
two branches of immigration constituted the main body of the settlements in
1856, they determined their religious character, and fixed the doctrines of Daniel
Rowlands and John Elias as the leadin- church doctrines of the Minnesota Welsh.
The Jackson people located in the Cottonwood settlement during the first two
weeks in June, and about the second or third Sunday of this month the first
religious. service in this settlement was held at a shanty occupied by Mr. John
Shields, but belonging to David Y. Davis, and situated near Rev. Thos. E.
Hughes' present residence. On the 2d of July, at the shanty of David P. Davis,
Esq., near where now stands the house of Daniel P. Davis, was organized, by
Rev. Richard Davis, the first Calvinistic Methodist church of Blue Earth
county. It was called "Horeb," after a church of that name in
Jackson, O., to which many of its people belonged. On the same day, at the same
place, and by the same minister was performed the first Christian marriage in
this upper settlement, namely, the marriage
(delw 4073) (tudalen 44)
(x44) of James Morgan to Miss Mary Davis, daughter
of D.P. Davis, Esq. By the way, it may be mentioned here with the first
marriage and other first things of the Cottonwood neighborhood, that the first
child born in this settlement was Catherine, daughter of D. J. Davis, in the
spring of 1857; and the the first death was a young child of David Price,
which, being left alone for a few minutes in the claim shanty, while the
parents were busy moving from this to a new cabin, managed to set fire to
itself and the shanty, and was so badly injured that it soon died. This sad
event occurred about August, 1856.
·····
27 · SARON CHURCH, LE SUEUR
During the summer of 1856, religious meetings were regularly held at D. P.
Davis' shanty before mentioned, except two or three times, when they were
convened at the shanty of John Shields. During the fall and winter the services
were usually held at D. P. Davis' new shanty, which was located near the
present John Rees' place, and at John Walter's cabin on the "Little
Prairie."
·····
In the spring of 1857 they were held at Evan D. Evans' house on the present
Jas. A. Thomas' farm, where they continued until a church was built. In those
early days Rev. David Davis preached frequently for this church, and Rev.
Richard Davis visited them occasionally in his circuit.
·····
The first religious service in the Big Woods was held at the house of Edward
Evans, Sr., on Sunday, the 25th of May, 1856., when a number of
Jackson people were there viewing the land. On the 2d of June, this contingent
of the Jackson colony returned to LeSueur with their families. Two of these,
namely, David Lloyd and David E. Evans found shelter in a carpenter shop
belonging to one Seth Cadwalader. In this shop were regularly held, thereafter,
all the religious services for three or four months. Here on June 22d was
preached the first Welsh sermon by Rev. Richard Davis, and here two days later
was organized the first Calvinistic Methodist church in Minnesota. Rev. D.
Davis preached occasionally for these people in those early days. After about
three months the place of worship was changed from Cadwalader's shop to David
E. Evans' shanty, where it remained until the building of the log church in the
summer of 1857.
·····
28 · SEION CHURCH ORGANIZED
At South Bend the Union church still flourished; but the people along Minneopa
creek began to regard themselves as a separate community, and, having been
re-inforced by a fraction of the Jackson colony, now thought it time for them
to assert their independence, by having an organization of their own.
(delw 4074) (tudalen 44a)
Built in 1857. Old Sharon Church, Sharon, Le Sueur County, Minn. First
Welsh Church in the State.
(delw 4075) (tudalen 45)
(x45) Accordingly, on the 9th of July,
the required six month's (sic) notice of
their intention to withdraw, was served upon the Union church. About the first
of September, a meeting of the heads of families of the Calvinistic Mehtodists
was held in the Minneopa neighborhood at which meeting it was decided to have a
quarterly meeting of that denomination on the 8th and 9th
of October. On the 3d of October the new church was organized by Rev. Richard
Davies, at the house of John Jones, (Maes Mawr) and called the "Seion Church
of South Bend."
·····
The quarterly meeting was held as determined upon and was the first ever held
in Minnesota. The business meeting was held at the house of Eliza Jones, (Maes
Mawr), on a claim pre-empted by Wm. J. Williams.The public services were held
in the open air in D. J. Lewis' grove. According to the custom of the
Calvinistic Methodist Society, the three churches of "Seion,"
"Horeb" and "Saron" were united into one conference, and
eleven elders were admitted: from "Seion," five, namely - Evan H.
Evans, Evan Evans, (Pant,) Edward Thomas, Sr., Thos J. Jones, (Popples,) (Popls is the Welsh word for pebbles on a beach or in a
river) and John I. Jones; from "Horeb," three, namely - Evan
Griffiths, Thos. J. Jones and Edward Evans. In the morning of the second day,
short addresses were made on the theme of "Gospel Rites" by several
of the brethren. In the afternoon Rev. Richard Davis preached from Rom. i,16 (Canÿs nid oes arnaf gywilÿdd
o efengÿl Crist: oblegid gallu Duw ÿw hi er iachawdwriaeth i bob un sÿdd yn
credu; i'r Iddew yn gyntaf, a hefÿd i'r Groegwr - For I am not ashamed of the
gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that
believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek). This service
was interrupted by a great prairie fire, which caused all the people to run to
their respective homes to save their houses, sheds and grain from the
destructive element, and desperate was the fight that afternoon around many a
cabin home.
·····
The evening meeting was held at the house of David J. Lewis, when Rev. Jenkin
Jenkins and R. D. Price preached. A thunder storm protracted this service until
quite late; thus amid fire and water was this first quarterlly meeting in
Minnesota consecrated. The old settlers say, tha in spite of all adverse
consequnces, the meetings were full of interest and blessing, and today they
love to tell of those first religious feasts they enjoyed together in the
wilderness. It may be noted, also, that none of these three preachers, who took
part in the serivces of this first quarterly meeting of the Calvinistic
Methodist church belonged to that denomination, Davies being a Prebyterian,
Jenkins a Congregationalist and Price a Wesleyan Methodist.
·····
As there were in this village and vicinity a number of people of the Wesleyan
faith, it seemed desirable to them to separate
(delw 4076) (tudalen 46)
(x46) themselves from the Union church, and, after
the example of their Calvinistic brethren, form a society of their own. Accordingly,
on October 19th, of this year, a Wesleyan church was organized at Wm. R.
Price's house in South Bend village by Rev. R. D. Price, who became its pastor.
·····
29 · BIBLE SOCIETIES ORGANIZED IN BLUE EARTH AND LE
SUEUR COUNTIES
The Elders of this church were Hugh Edwards, Sr., and Wm. R. Price, and the
services were held for several years in a room, or hall, fitted up by Mr. Price
on the second floor of the Evans & Price warehouse. On the 25th of
December, 1856, three Bible Societies were organized; one in South Bend, at the
house of, Evan D. Evans; one in the Cottonwood, at the house of David P. Davis;
and one in the Big Woods, at David E. Evans' house. The first officers of the
South Bend society were: President, Rev. R. D. Price; Vice President, John I.
Jones; Treasurer, Evan Evans, (Pant) ; Secretary, Edward Thomas, Sr. Of
Cottonwood society: President, Rev. D. Davies ;,Treasurer, D. P. Davies;
Secretary, Rev. J. Jenkins. Of the Big Woods society: President, Evan
Griffiths; Treasurer, Thomas J. Jones. The first collections were: Cottonwood,
$46.30; South Bend, $51.03; Big Woods, $63.30; making a total of $160.63, of
which $159.67 was sent as a donation to the New York society, which
acknowledged the gift by a special letter of thanks and commendation. At first
the three societies were united and sent their contributions together in one
sum; but in 1858 the union plan was abandoned, and ever since each society has
been independent. A membership fee of $1.00 was charged during the first two
years, which afterward was reduced to fifty cents, and finally all who
contributed, without regard to the amount, were considered members.
·····
December 25th, 1863, the Judson and Vicinity Bible Society was formed at the
house of Owen Roberts, in the town of Judson, and the first officers were:
President, Rev. R. W. Jones; Vice President, Rev. John W. Roberts; Secretaries,
R. H. Hughes and Wm. R. Jones; Treasurer, Wm. Griffiths.
·····
Regularly every year since their organization, these four societies have held
their several annual meetings on Christmas day. The program of these meetings
has always been about the same. The election of officers, the hearing of
reports, and the business transactions of the societies, take place in the
morning, while the afternoon and evening are devoted to the making of speeches
and singing. The amounts collected in each society during the period of its
existence to the year ending
(delw 4077) (tudalen 47)
(x47) December 25, 1894, are as follows: Blue Farth
County Welsh (Cottonwood), $1,339.37; Judson and Vicinity, $2,070.28; First
Welsh (South Bend), $2,204.79; Ottawa Welsh (Big Woods), $2,300.00. lf to these
amounts were added the contributions of the Minneapolis Welsh Bible society,
$326.46, and of Bristol Grove, Foreston and Lime Springs, $2,222.87, it makes a
total of $10,463.77 given to the Bible cause by the various Welsh settlements.
·····
To return, however, to the year 1856. Among the events of this year not already
mentioned were: The locating of a postoffice in Judson with John Goodwin as
postmaster; April 8th, the establishing of school district No. 4, (now No. 6),
in Judson; October 6th, the establishing of two school districts in the
Cottonwood neighborhood, Nos. 6 (now 11.) and 7 (now 10); and December 10th,
the laying out of Judson village by John Goodwin and Robert Patterson.
·····
The winter of 1856-7 was the coldest ever known in the history of the state.
For more than sixty consecutive days the mercury remained below zero, often
getting down to thirty and forty degrees below. The snow, also, was very deep
and badly drifted. Poorly housed, poorly clad, and poorly fed, the suffering of
both man and beast was great. The mud-plastered cabin of the settler afforded
but slight protection against the wintry blast, and the small old-fashioned
cook-stove gave but little heat to the shivering family huddled close around
it. Often on a stormy morning would the pioneer awaken to find an inch or two
of snow upon his bed and cabin floor. But few of our settlers had clothing
adapted for a Northern winter. The furs, flannels and felts of today, necessity
had not yet furnished. Seldom, if ever, was an overcoat seen in those days; and
the thin low cut shoes of southern Ohio were ill-designed for the cold and deep
snow of Minnesota.
····
The story is told of one ingenious pioneer - how, one Sunday morning to avoid
getting his shoes and stockings full of snow he removed them and, placing them
under his arm, ran to church bare-footed through the snow, a distance of about
a mile. Suffice it to say that he never tried that experiment again, but the
next Sabbath making two ropes of hay he wound one about each foot and leg up to
the waist, and thus, like ancient knight in greaves, he sallied forth defying
frost and snow.
·····
During this winter a number of the settlers had to go with ox-teams to St.
Paul, a distance of a hundred miles, after flour and provisions, spending three
or four weeks upon the journey,
(delw 4078) (tudalen 48)
(x48) suffering untold hardships, and
reaching home at last to find the last morsel of food had been eaten the day
before.
·····
On the night of the fifth of January, 1857, one Wm. Hughes and his son-in-law,
- Thomas, when returning from the village of New Ulm, were frozen to death, and
there bodies found next day where the old Fort Ridgely road crossed Bennett
creek, on the present farm of Jas. D. Price, Esq., in the town of Cambria.
These are the only cases of death by freezing in the history of the Blue Earth
and Le Sueur county settlements.
·····
The unwonted rigor of this memorable winter gave Minnesota a bad reputation
abroad, which clings to it even to this day., and this, with the financial
crisis of that period, checked the tide of immigration for a time
·····
30 · THE ORGANIZATION OF BUTTERNUT VALLEY ·
January 6, 1857, the election precinct of Butternut Valley was organized, and
the following officers appointed: Judges of Election, Geo. Gilley, Rev. J.
Jenkins and David P. Davis; Constables, David J. Williams and D. A. Davis; Road
Supervisor, W. E. Davis. At the meeting preliminary ot the organization a
strong effort was made to have the precinct called "Davistown,"
because its first settler had been John E. Davis and more than one-half of its
inhabitants in those days happened also the bear the name Davis. This name
would likely have prevailed, had not one Col. Shaw, suggested the name
"Butternut Valley," supporting the same by a long and forcible
speech. He showed how much of the precinct lay in the valleys of the Minnesota
and Cottonwood, and how abundantly the butternuts grew therein. He waxed
eloquent over the proverbial fertlity of valleys - how the very name at once
carried to the mind the ideas of richness of soil, shelter from storms and
quiet repose. Then what valuable timber the butternut was, and how the union of
two such suggestive names would attract the attention of emigrants from the
four corners of the globe. The Colonel's oratory prevailed and the precinct was
called "Butternut Valley." Years later, another reason for the
Colonel's preference was discovered, not given in his oration: his native place
in New York was designated by a similar name. "What's in a name,"
however?
·····
31 · THE ORGANIZATION OF CAMBRIA ·
Ten years later, our pioneers, fearing lest the newcomers settling upon the
prairie should outnumber and rule over them, separated themselves from them and
on the 8th of May, 1867, organised the triangular fraction, lying
along the Minnesota river, north of the township survey line into a new town
called "Cambria," leaving the
(delw 4079) (tudalen 49)
(delw 4080) (tudalen 49a)
Little Prairie (Preri
Bach), Cambria, Minn. (View from Lloyd’s Hill.)
(x49) old name to the full township still
left to the south upon the open prairie. Some curious antiquarian in the ages
yet to come, will wonder to find a butternut valley far out into the open
plain, where there is neither a valley nor a butternut within many a mile. The
same antiquarian, perchance, will wonder still more to discover Horeb,
Seion, Jerusalem, and the rest of ancient Palestine scattered promiscuously
over this western land, and he will puzzle his scholarly brain over the strange
anomaly of a person living upon the top of a high hill called, Evans-y-pant (Evans y Pant) (=
Evans originally from the farm called Y Pant, the hollow), or an
inhabitant of Minnesota, "Jones Canada." (=
Jones who came from Canada, who lived in Canada)
·····
But enough of Welsh names to my history. In February, 1857, the second
quarterly meeting of the Calvinistic Methodist church was held in the Big
Woods, being the first meeting of the kind held in that settlement. Besides
those before named Thomas W. Jones, John E. Jones and William L. Jones had
located in this neighborhood in the year 1856. These were followed in 1857 by
Owen Davis, David Thomas and John Hughes.
·····
In March, Rev. John Roberts from Ixonia, Wis., settled in the Big Woods, in
charge of the Saron church. With him came from La Crosse Lewis D. Lewis and
William E. Jenkins, who located on Prairie Bach (more
correctly Preri Bach, as in the caption of the photo above) in Butternut
Valley. James Edwards and family soon followed Lewis and Jenkins from La Crosse
and settled near them. Thos. Thomas, (Lake,) and family from
Philadelphia
(delw 4081) (tudalen 50)
(x50) David Thomas and Joshua Wigley from Wisconsin,
Robert and Wm. Roberts from New York, and many others came the same year.
·····
32 · THE INKPADOOTA (INKPADUTA) WAR ·
Early in March, 1957, about forty Sioux Indians of the Wahpaykootay band, under
the leadership of an outlawed chief, named Inkpadoota, (Scarlet End), went to
hunt on the Des Moines near Spirit Lake, Iowa. One of these shot a settler's
dog that had bitten him, and for this act the entire band were unwisely, if not
unjustly, disarmed by the settlers. This necessarily caused hard feelings on
the part of the Indians. They soon re-supplied themselves with fire-arms, and
going to a house where eleven men were wintering together, having in charge
some cattle, they begged one of the beeves for food. Understanding, as they
claimed, that their request had been granted, they shot one of the cattle. The
enraged owner rushed to the defense of his property and knocked one of the
Indians down, and for this insult as immediately killed by the other Indians.
·····
The savages now attacked the other white men and having set fire to the
shanty shot all of them, as, one by one, they ran out of the burning building.
·····
They next fell upon the unsuspecting settlers and massacred twenty more
men, women and children, and took four women captives. This occurred on the 8th
and 12th of March. After spending two or three weeks feasting on the
booty they had acquired in this settlement, a part of the Indian band, under
the leadership of a son of Inkpadoota, went north to Heron Lake, and thence to
the small isolated settlement of Springfield, Minn., (Now the village of
Jackson), about 16 miles north of Spirit Lake. Here William Wood, from Mankato,
had laid out a townsite and started a store, and a few settlers located near by
on claims along the Des Moines in the summer of 1856. The Indians camped on the
east side of the river from the townsite, and Wm. Wood and his brother went
across to trade with them and were killed. The Indians next murdered a Mr.
Stewart, his wife and two children. They also killed a twelve year old son of
James Thomas and wounded Mr. Thomas in the arm. The remaining few settlers then
rallied and drove the Indians away. This was on the 26th and 27th
of March.
·····
The news of these outrages, known in history as the Inkpadoota war, reached
Blue Earth county early in April and spread like fire through all the
settlements, creating a general
(delw 4082) (tudalen 51)
(x51) panic. The special hunting grounds of those
hostiles had been the vallys of the Blue Earth and the Minnesota, where dwelt
our Welsh people, whose fears were therefore augmented.
·····
There were grave apprehensions that the entire Sioux nation would join in the
outbreak, as they had many grievances against the whites and the unwonted
length and severity of this winter, and the consequent scarcity of game had
rendered them desperate.
·····
At night the settlers would gather together for mutual protection - half a
dozen familes or more at a house, but during the day would separate again to
their respective homes. Those provided with fireamrs carried them with them
wherever they went, to work or worship. A company of citizens, of which John C.
Jones of Cambria, was a member , under John F. Meagher, as captain, went out to
the Watonwan river in quest of the Indians. On Sunday morning, April 27th,
they discovered nine lodges of Siouxs encamped in the timber between two of the
lakes, about two miles northeast of Madelia. The season was so backward that
year that the company
(delw 4083) (tudalen 52)
(x52) could cross the lake on the ice. This they did
and immediately engaged the hostiles. The battle lasted about an hour with
brisk firing from behind trees on both sides, but it is not known that any one
was hurt. The whites then withdrew to get ammuntion and reinforcements, but
when they returned the Indians had left.
·····
In South Bend village the people built a palisade around the house of John
Williams for a fort. The Judson and Eureka settlers built a fort, also, on the
Nicollet side of the Minnesota, with logs, which one McNutt had hauled together
to build a mill. It was feared that Inkpadoota and his followers would return
and that Red Iron's band would join in the war, and guards were kept stationed
by the whites on both sides of the river. One night, when H. Caywood was on
guard, he thought he saw a blanketed Indian sneaking though the brush near him
and he fired at him. The shooting created a panic at the fort for it was
supposed the savages were upon them. After awhile (sic)
it was discovered, however, that the Indian Caywood had shot was his own white
horse, which had strayed from his stable.
·····
Next morning a company from this Eureka fort went to Swan Lake to confer with
Chief Red Iron. David Dackins and Gustav Tidland, who could speak some Sioux,
were sent to the village to interview the Indians, while the rest of the
company halted at the edge of the timber. Red Iron gave the messengers full
assurance of peace and friendship, and the company returned with their
confidence in the redmen somewhat restored.
·····
The Butternut Valley people, also, had their experience. A large band of
Indians, who had been away some weeks, returned to this town about the 10th
or 12th of April, causing the terrified settlers no little anxiety.
They did not tarry among the Welsh, however, but passed up the Little
Cottonwood about two miles west of the Blue Earth county line. About thirty
Welshmen formed themselves into a company and on the 14th of April
met a like company of Germans at the house of one Lipp, and together, under the
leadership of Rev. Peter S. Davies, as colonel, they marched against the
Indians.
·····
Near the Sioux emcampment was the cabin of a German bachelor named Brandt. The
cabin bore evidence of having been plundered, but no trace that day could be
found of Brandt.
·····
The Germans were very much excited and wanted to attack the Indians at once,
though the most of them were only armed with pitchforks and scythes lashed to
long poles, while the Indians were well aremd with the best rifles and
outnumbered the whites two to one. Wiser council at last prevailed and a
committee consisting of John S. Davis, S. D Shaw, and a German were sent
forward to confer with the Indians, while the rest of the company kept
themselves concealed behind a long wood pile. The Indians disavowed any hostile
intention and promised to leave the country at once. In his excitement, the
German accidentally discharged his gun, which the company lying concealed at a
distance mistook for the signal of attack, and rising from behind nthe wood
pile they swept across the prairie toward the astonished savages like a
cyclone, shouting and brandishing their pitchforks, scythes, guns, etc. The
dusky braves were panic-stricken, and the heels of many mocassins were fast
disappearing in the direction of the brush, before the peace committee could
pacify the tumult and explain. The Indians, however, soon folded their wigwams
and departed. The body of Mr. Brandt was found in a day or two in the brush
back of his cabin with two bullet holes in his head. The Indians, it seems, had
an old grudge against him.
·····
The government sent a company of soldiers from Ft. Ridgely after Inkpadoota and
his murderous band, but they escaped to the James river valley, taking their
four women captives with them. Two of these, Mrs. Thatcher and Mrs. Noble, were
brutally murdered by their fiendish captors, the other two, Mrs.
(delw 4084) (tudalen 53)
(x53) Marble and Miss Gardner, after suffering every
hardship and outrage for months, were finally ransomed by some Christian
Indians from the mission stations of Dr. Williamson and Dr. Riggs. A son of
Inkpadoota, named Makpeahoteman (Roaring Cloud), who had murdered Mrs. Noble,
was discovered, during the summer, by some friendly Christian Indians in one of
the villages on the Yellow Medicine and killed and his squaw taken prisoner.
·····
The government insisted on the annuity Sioux punishing Inkpadoota, and finally,
Little Crow organized a band of 106 Wapeton and Sisseton warriors, at Yellow
Medicine, and on the 22d of July went in pursuit of the outlaw murderers and
killed three of them, wounded one and captured two women and a child.
·····
This was all the punishment Inkpadoota ever received. The excitement continued
for most of the summer of 1857, but finally died out and the Indians mingled
among the settlers as formerly. During the year 1857 preparations were made
towards the admission of Minnesota as a state, and on the 1st of June an
election of delegates to draft a proposed Constitution was held. Before its
adoption this Constitution, under the auspices of the republican central
committee, was translated into Welsh by Wm. R. Jones, who then lived at
Rochester, Minn. The first election in Butternut Valley was that of the first
of June, 1857. It was held at the house of David P. Davis and nineteen votes
were cast, thirteen of them republican and six democratic. The first election
in Judson had been held October 15, 1856, at the house of John Goodwin, when
twenty-two votes were cast, of which one only was democratic. At the general
election held October 13, 1857, upon the adoption of the new Constitution and
the selection of a full corps of officers thereunder, South Bend cast 157 votes
- 105 republican and 52 democratic; Judson 45 votes - 30 republican and 15
democratic; and Butternut Valley 38 votes - 31 republican and 7 democratic.
·····
These democratic votes in the Welsh towns were mostly cast by a few people of
other nationalities dispersed among the Cymri (sic.
Should be Cymry (= Welsh people)). In later vears with a population more
exclusively Cymric, though the total vote had more than doubled, yet the
democratic vote had materially decreased. At the general election of 1857 J. T.
Williams, Esq., was elected Clerk of the District Court, being the only man on
the republican ticket elected that year in Blue Earth county. At this same
election two Welshmen
(delw 4085) (tudalen 54)
(x54) ran for the office of County Commissioner, namely:
W. E. Davis and David J. Davis. The former, one of the few Welsh democrats, was
elected, but in a few weeks the office was legislated out of existence, and,
instead, a county board was created, composed of the Chairmen of the Board of
Supervisors of the several towns. So that Wm. E. Davis failed of an office
after being elected to it, while Rev. David Davis, Chairman of the Supervisors
of the town of Butternut Valley, acquired another office in addition to the one
he already had. Such are the uncertainties of political favors.
·····
On the 24th and 25th of June, 1857, the third quarterly meeting of the
Calvinistic Methodists was held in Butternut Valley, in an oak grove near where
stands the present residence of Jas. A. Thomas. This was the first quarterly
meeting ever held in the Cottonwood settlement. About the time of this meeting
Evan Jenkins from Holland Patent, New York, located in the Butternut Valley. An
odd character was Jenkins, whom the old settlers will long remember. In his
domestic economy, a bachelor, and in his choice of vocation a disciple of St.
Crispin. Full of eccentricities and possessed by an absurd egotism, he verily
believed himself the wisest man of the age and the greatest adornment of the
pulpit and rostrum. With a rich or oratorical voice, an abundance of flowery
language and a fertile imagination, he was a conspicuous figure in all the
literary and temperance societies, as well as in the "Big Meeting" of
the Calvinistic Methodist church and all other public gatherings. During the
four years of his sojourn in the settlement his conceit and rhetoric, furnished
much entertainment and some instruction to our Gomeric frontiersmen.
·····
In July, 1857, a postoffice was established in Butternut Valley with Col. Shaw
as postmaster. That he might have a postoffice de facto as well as dejure
the Colonel had to carry the mail on his back, for several months, from
Judson, a distance of seven miles.
·····
In February of the same year David P. Davis and John Walters had returned to
Ohio on a business visit. While there Mr. Davis bought the machinery for a
steam saw and grist mill, which, during the summer, he put up on his farm in
the Cottonwood valley. This mill, consisting of a diminutive engine attached to
a small upright saw and one run of stone, furnished the settlers with their
lumber and corn meal for many miles around, until February 13, 1862, when it
was burnt. During the
(delw 4086) (tudalen 54a)
Carmel
C.M. Church,
(C.M. = Calvinistic Methodist).
(delw 4087) (tudalen 55)
(x55) first year or two an attempt was made to start
a village at this mill under the name of Davistown, but it failed.
·····
In the summer of 1857 the election precincts of Sharon and Cleveland were
organized in the Big Woods, the name of Sharon being adopted at the suggestion
of Evan T. Jones after Saron church therein situated. Among the first officers
of Sharon were the following Welshmen: Lewis Hughes, Judge of Election; John C.
Jones, Justice of the Peace, and David Jones, Constable.
·····
During the same summer in the town of Sharon was built the first Welsh house of
worship in the state. It was a neat structure of hewn logs and until recently
its protecting roof afforded shelter to the pious people of Sharon in all their
public devotions. On the 9th and 10th of September, 1857, at the Seion church,
was held the fourth quarterly meeting of the Calvinistic Methodists, upon which
occasion Rev. John Davis, from Picatonica, Wis., visited the settlements. This
eminent divine was then in the noonday of his glory, and our pioneers, shut out
from the world in the vast wilderness, had long been famishing for a pulpit
feast such as they had enjoyed in the older states, or in dear old Gwalia. So
when Davis, Picatonica, came, he was received like a king and scarce could the
old fathers and mothers in Israel be kept from worshiping him. The people
followed him from one corner of the settlement to the other, and daily he
preahed two or three times in the crowded cabins. On the 14th he organized a
temperance society at South Bend village and another on the 19th in the Big
Woods. On the 19th and 20th he, also, formally opened the new church
building of Saron.
·····
Early in March, 1858, the people of Seion began the erection of a house of
worship, which was completed and the first service therein held on the 11th of
July. It was a frame structure, built by one Richard Williams. During the same
summer the people of Horeb, not to be outdone by the inhabitants of Seion,
built them a frame temple, which ranked for many years the largest in size in
the settlement, and which even today stands among the largest. The building was
begun by a carpenter named John Davis, and completed by Andrew Friend, and cost
about $800. To complete a frame build(ing)
in those days meant simply the completion of the outside shell. The art of
plastering was then unknown. A rude box or counter fixed upon a rude platform
answered for a pulpit, while row of boards supported by blocks of wood did for
pews. All
(delw 4088) (tudalen 56)
(x56) of this furniture was of a rustic sort, unpainted,
unvarnished, unplaned, for our frontier worshipers had no means to cultivate
aesthetic tastes. The church of our forefathers offered but few attractions to
fashionable ease, but God was found there as often as in the costly temples of
modern date.
·····
In a pioneer society the great and unpardonable sin is "Claim
Jumping." He who murders a man may be forgiven and become a hero even; but
he who jumps a claim deserves to be hung and cannot be forgiven, either in the
secular world or in the world religious. Strange, where land is so plenty as it
is in a new country, that any difficulty of this sort should arise. Herein,
however, human nature strikingly resembles the nature of certain animals, who
cannot enjoy anything unless they can push and scramble for it, and each covets
the identical morsel its neighbor has, though other like morsels and even
richer ones, lie around in abundance untouched. From this mortal sin the race
of Gomer in Minnesota did not escape and "countless woes" resulted
therefrom. Lifelong friends became lifelong foes and bitter hatred, envy and
spite, filled the land. Cliques and parties sprang up and both church and state
were- rent by fierce conflicts. Force and violence were everywhere abroad, and
temporal courts and the courts ecclesiastical were kept busy continually.
·····
Among others, the Congregational church organized by Rev. Jenkin Jenkins, in
Judson, suffered grievously, by reason of these dissensions, and during the
winter of 1857-8 the services were entirely suspended for a time. In the summer
of 1858 the society reassembled at the house of John F. Davis, and Mr. Henry
Hughes became their leader. In the meantime Rev. Jenkin Jenkins, with a few
adherents, and Rev. William Williams with a few Baptist brethren united in
holding services near Judson village. In the summer of 1858, however, Mr.
Jenkins became reconciled to the Congregational church and was reinstated as
its pastor.
·····
33 · JERUSALEM CHURCH ORGANIZED
The removal of the Congregational church to John I,. Davis' house left Judson
without a religious organization. Accordingly, on the 11th of July, 1858, a
Calvinistic Methodist society was organized there at the house of Owen Roberts,
Esq., by Rev. David Davis, assisted by Evan Evans (Pant). The first
elders appointed for this church were: Owen Roberts and Wm. Owen. This was the
origin of the present Jerusalem church. On the 15th and 16th of September,
1858, the first " Gymanfa" or the Conference of the
Calvinistic Methodists was held
(delw
4089) (tudalen 56a)
Jerusalem
Calvinistic Methodist Church,
(delw 4090) (tudalen 57)
(x57) at the new Seion church of South Bend. In May,
1858, Rev. Meredith Evans, brother of D. C. Evans, Esq., visited the
settlement, and in November of the same year came Rev. Thomas Phillips,
(Baraboo, Wis.), both of whom broke the bread of life, frequently, to the
hungry souls of the the pioneers during their short stay. Besides preaching Mr.
Evans held a great temperance rally on May 21st at South Bend village, in the
large hotel then newly built. South Bend was then in the prime of its glory and
rivaled Mankato in its importance. Besides the hotel the village contains two
mills, five stores and about fifty houses.
·····
During the winter of 1857-8 a debating society was started in Butternut Valley,
which had a flourishing existence for two or three years. In those early years,
literary societies, temperance societies, and singing schools were common in
all the settlements and our pioneers made themselves as useful and merry as
could be in the wilderness.
·····
The first school in the Seion neighborhood was taught by that famous old Welsh
schoolmaster, Edward Thomas, Sr., in a log house belonging to Edward Jones' (Maes
Mawr), in the winter of 1856. . A barn belonging to Evan H. Evans became
the next schoolroom, and then in the winter of 1858 the school was removed to
the church, then newly built, where J. T. Williams, Esq., wielded the rod.
·····
The first school in Judson was taught in the winter of 1857 in a vacant house
in the village by Miss Jennette, eldest daughter of Rev. Jenkin Jenkins (now
Mrs. Jennette Jones, of Mankato). In the Jerusalem neighborhood Mr. A. Crisp
taught the first school at his own house (where Mrs. Robert Roberts' present
residence stands) about 1860. There were only two or three children in
attendance.
·····
Addison Jones taught the next school in this neighborhood in the winter of
1861, and Edward Thomas, Sr., followed him in 1862. Both of these schools were
well attended, and were kept in David T. Davis' log shanty, near where stands
the present residence of Rev. John W. Roberts. This school continued in private
houses until it was removed to the log church in 1866.
·····
The first school in Butternut Valley was taught in District No. 10 by Miss
Elizabeth Davis (now Mrs. Rich. Jones, of Cambria), daughter of the old pioneer,
John E. Davis, in the summer of 1859, in a log schoolhouse which had just been
completed, and which stood in the edge of the timber about eighty rods due
north of the present schoolhouse.
(delw 4091) (tudalen 58)
(x58)
(delw 4092) (tudalen 59)
(x59) The first school in the Horeb neighborhood,
now District No. 11, was taught by Miss Mary S. Davis (afterwards Mrs. Thos. Y.
Davis), daughter of Dr. D. Davis, in the fall of 1859, in a vacant house which
stood on the farm now owned by Jas. A. Thomas. Before the close of that year
this district completed a log schoolhouse which stood on the site of its
present frame building. The first to teach in this log structure was James
Black, in the winter of 1860. Though a good scholar, he lacked one essential
qualification for a successful pedagogue in those days - good muscle. The big
boys soon put this qualification to the test, and found it wanting, and the
school closed rather abruptly. The next teacher was Charles Buck, a brother of
Judge Buck. He was six feet tall and well-proportioned - a powerful man
physically as well as mentally. He ruled with a rod of iron - (wood) - and
succeeded in bringing the turbulent spirits of young Wild West Wales under
proper discipline. His school was quite successful. Edward Thomas, Sr., was the
next teacher. He was not a great scholar, but he was fond of children, and his
bustling, energetic way begat life and interest in all about him. His special
forte was music, for which he had a great passion. To locate the district where
this old Welsh schoolmaster taught, all one had to do was to listen, for it
resounded with song from one end to the other. Singing schools were the order
of the day and night in the neighborhood where he held sway.
·····
In those days, Judson was an ambitious village not content unless it could
excel. Accordingly, in the fall of 1858, instead of a common school, it must
needs start an educational establishment with the important title of "
·····
(delw 4093) (tudalen 60)
(x60) Senate to the great rejoicing of the Welsh,
who held a jollification meeting at South Bend November 29, on Mr. Evans'
departure for the Legislative halls.
·····
·····
34 · ELIM CHURCH, LE SUEUR ·
In November, 1860, the Calvinistic Methodist church of Elim, Big Woods, was
organized by Rev. Richard G. Jones at the house of Rev. Richard Davis. The
first elders of this church were Evan Griffiths and Edward Evans, and its
pastor for several years was Rev. R. G. Evans. It's (sic)
worthy elder, Evan Griffiths, gave the society an acre of his arm, and a neat
farm meeting house was erected thereon in the summer of 1860. The church yard
is the principal Welsh
·····
While foremost in founding temples for the Prince of Peace our Welshmen were
not backward in war. In the great conflict of the Rebellion the Welsh towns of
Blue Earth county were the banner towns of that county in the quotas of men
furnished.
(delw 4094) (tudalen 61)
(x61) special enlistments a number of others singly
and in groups of three and four joined other companies and regiments at divers
times. One of these, Hugh J. Owens, served as its captain in
Additional notes, taken
from the biographies section in the book:
(1) J. R. Roberts Born
(2) Thomas Rees, born Llanelli (Sir
Gaerfyrddin) in South
(3) Evan .J.
(4) William Rees, brother of Thomas
Rees (above). Born Docnewÿdd, Llanelli (Sir Gaerfyrddin) in South Wales,
(5) Lewis Lewis, born
__________________________________
0859e On to the
next page - "The Sioux Massacre 1862"
__________________________________
Dewch i weld newyddiadur
arlein, a gwrando ar y radio ac edrych ar y teledu - i gÿd yn Gymráeg ar wefan
y BBC!
SEE AN ONLINE NEWSPAPER, HEAR THE RADIO AND SEE THE TV - ALL IN THE WELSH
LANGUAGE ON THE BBC (BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION) WEBSITE CLICK HERE! 0861
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of the Welsh" in Minnesota helpful, please let us know - write us a note
in the visitors' book!
LLOFNODWCH - SIGN
Hoffech chi lofnodi ein Llÿfr
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Would you like to sign our Visitors' Book?
EDRYCHWCH - VIEW
Edrychwch ar ein Llÿfr Ymwelwÿr!
View our Visitors' Book!
Cliciwch ar y botwm i gael
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Click on the button for information about a free visitors' book
__________________________________
OTHER LINKS TO PAGES IN THE
"WALES-CATALONIA" WEBSITE:
__________________________________
0895e
ychwanegiadau diweddaraf o 'Hanes y Cymrÿ ym Minnesota...'
latest additions from the 'History of the Welsh in Minnesota
·····
0856e
ein rhestr o'r enwau yn 'Hanes y Cymrÿ ym Minnesota...'
our list of the names which appear in the 'History of the Welsh in
Minnesota...'
·····
0859e
y Cymrÿ yn erbÿn y Sioux a'r Winnebagos - gwrthryfel 1862
the Welsh against the Sioux and the Winnebagoes - the 1862 uprising
0893k
Geirfa Lakota (Dakota)-Cymraeg-Saesneg
Lakota (Dakota)-Welsh-English vocabulary
Links to Other Websites:
http://www.state.mn.us/aam/maps/ All About
·····
LINKS TO OTHER WEBSITES:
(1) "Welcome to Spirit's Place"
"So yeah, I am Native American. Lakota actually. I do "Indian
stuff", but I am a human being first and foremost. I created this set of
pages for many reasons. First, to help keep Native information easily available
for all... The Lakota Language Page will be updated monthly with a new
subject. This month's lesson: "Animals". Check it out for basic
grammar and phonetics. There is no charge for these lessons, no club to join or
anything else to "buy". This is for you, the curious, the seeking and
the informed....."
http://www.enter.net/~drutzler/intro.htm
·····
(2) Indian Country -
·····
(3) Hau! Tima hiyu wo! 'Greetings! Come inside!' Hokahe, hel iyotaka.
'Welcome' to the Lodge of šung'manitu-Išna,
' Lone Wolf '. The intent of these pages is to honor a proud and noble people,
the Oglala Lakota, of
·····
(4) Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe's Homepage http://swcc.cc.sd.us/homepage.htm
·····
(5) Sota Iya Ye Yapi - http://www.earthskyweb.com/news.htm
- bringing news of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe / Dakota Nation and Lake
Traverse Reservation to the World Wide Web. Weekly, with updates when
appropriate during the week.
·····
(6) KILI Radio, the Voice of the Lakota Nation. http://www.lakotamall.com/kili/schedule.htm
KILI Radio (pronounced "KEE-lee") is
the largest Indian-owned and operated public radio station in
·····
(7) Lakota newspaper. EYAPAHA - allies of the Lakota. http://www.lakotamall.com/allies/Eyapaha/99F/
·····
(8) Links to Lakota-Dakota-Nakota (Sioux) Indians Sites http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12lakota.html
·····
(9) The Ho-Chunk ('Winnebago') Nation http://www.ho-chunk.com/index.htm
·····
(10) (Ho-Chunk History - http://www.ho-chunk.com/culture_history_page.htm
For example, 1856 Winnebago mission founded at Blue Earth and is
attended by diocesan priest residing at Saints Peter & Paul Church in
Mankato).
·····
(11) Ho-Chunk newspaper http://www.ho-chunk.com/dept_newspaper_page.htm
·····
(12) Minnesota Indian Affairs Council http://www.indians.state.mn.us/stats.htm
·····
(13) http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/dakota/Dakota_excerpts.html
In Their Own Words: Excerpts from Speeches & Letters Concerning the
Dakota Conflict
SPEECH OF HDAINYANKA IN FAVOR OF CONTINUING WAR
LETTER FROM GENERAL POPE DECLARING HIS GOAL OF EXTERMINATING SIOUX
LETTER FROM BISHOP WHIPPLE CONCERNING DEGREES OF GUILT
ADDRESS TO CONDEMNED PRISONERS BEFORE THEIR EXECUTIONS
STATEMENT OF TAZOO AT THE TIME OF HIS EXECUTION
LETTER OF HDAINYANKA WRITTEN SHORTLY BEFORE HIS EXECUTION
LETTER FROM REV. THOMAS WILLIAMSON TO REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY
LETTER FROM REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY TO HIS WIFE
GEORGE CROOK'S (WAKANAJAJA'S) ACCOUNT OF JOURNEY TO PRISON CAMP
CALL OF JACOB NIX, COMMANDANT OF NEW ULM, FOR DAKOTA BLOOD
·····
The above is a section form
(14) The Dakota Indian Conflict http://www.ic.mankato.mn.us/reg9/nul/tour/dakota.html
·····
(15) http://www.nara.gov/exhall/originals/sioux.html
"The Black Hills of Dakota are sacred to the Sioux Indians. In the 1868
treaty, signed at
·····
(17) Old Streets of Mankato Website -
"
Adolygiad
diweddaraf / Latest update: 25 09 2001, 2006-11-06
Ble'r wÿf
i? Yr ÿch chi'n ymwéld ag un o dudalennau'r Gwefan "CYMRU-CATALONIA"
On sóc? Esteu visitant una pàgina of the Web "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
Galles-Catalunya)
Where am I? You are visiting a page from the "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
Wales-Catalonia) Website
Weø(r) àm ai? Yùu àa(r) víziting ø peij fròm dhø "CYMRU-CATALONIA" (=
Weilz-Katølóuniø) Wébsait
·····
.