0981 Gwefan Cymru-
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0981k Y tudalen hwn yn Gymraeg (Irredentiaeth a Chymru tu
hwnt i Glawdd Offa)
0983e This page in
English (contents page of this section - Irredentism and Wales Beyond Offa’s
Dyke)
Cafodd ambell ardal Gymraeg
yn y Mers ei hatodi at un o siroedd Lloegr ar ôl y Ddeddf Uno 1536/43 - yn
enwedig ardal Croesoswallt yn y Gogledd, a'r cantrefi Euas ac Ergyn yn y De.
Mae rhai wedi cadw eu Cymreictod hyd yn ddiweddar iawn. Ond oes rhaid i ni fodloni ar y
ffaith ein bod wedi eu colli?
Eithaf syniad fyddai ymgyrchu i'w hadennill - efallai fel iawndal am ymdrechion
Lloegr i ddadwreiddio'r iaith a'r diwylliant Cymraeg dros y ddwy ganrif
ddiwethaf.
Dyma ein hadran "Iredentiaeth" - lle byddwn ni yn ychwanegu defnydd
sydd yn ymwneud a'r Tiroedd Coll.
Iredentiaeth
-
cefnogaeth i'r syniad o wlad yn adennill tiriogaeth oedd ar un adeg yn rhan
gynhenid ohoni ond sydd erbyn hyn o dan reolaeth gwlad arall.
Addasiad o'r ffurf Saesneg
IRREDENTISM (canrif 1800), o
IRREDENTIST < Eidaleg
IRREDENTISTA, o'r ymadrodd
ITALIA IRREDENTA, "Yr Eidal heb ei hadennill" , < Eidaleg
IR- (rhagddodiad negyddol, ffurf ar IN-) + REDENTO = atbryn, < Lladin
REDEMPTUS = atbryn, wedi ei atbrynu.
The Geogaphical
Limits of Welsh Home Rule.
Yn 1927, yn y
cylchgrawn 'Welsh Outlook', cyhoeddwyd erthygl Saesneg hynod o ddiddorol gan yr
Athro John Edward Lloyd (1861-1947 - h.y. fe'i cyhoeddwyd pan oedd yn 65/66
oed) - 'The Geogaphical Limits of Welsh Home Rule'.
Dyma ddarnau o'r
ysgrif:
"The
proposal to hand over to a Welsh assembly a substantial amount of the
legislative business now transacted by the Parliament of the Empire raises an
interesting geographical question. What is to be the Wales of the Welsh Home
Rule Act? The answer is not so obvious as might appear upon the surface. To
assign to the new body the twelve counties generally regarded as Welsh, even if
Monmouthshire were added in accordance with recent custom, would be merely to
stereotype divisions made by Henry VIII., without regard to modern conditions
or the needs of a modern community...."
Yn y gorffennol, yr
oedd Cymru yn dipyn mwy o ran ei maint nag y mae hi heddiw, er nad oedd ffin
swyddogol rhwng tiroedd y Cymry a thiroedd y Saeson.
"In the middle ages little effort was made to draw a
definite boundary between England and Wales. There were Welsh shires and there
were Welsh principalities, but between the two came the amphibious {dic}
marcher lordships held by English rulers, and yet forming no part of that
England wherein the King's writ ran. Ellesmere, Oswestry, Clun, were not at
that time in the county of Salop, but in the "Marches of Wales," and
a John Kynaston of Ellesmere, charged at Shrewsbury in 1402 with active
participation in the rising of Owain Glyndwr, successfully put forward the
plea, in the Court of King's Bench at Westminster, that the places where he was
alleged to have been seen in arms (including Oswestry and West Felton) were in
Wales, and that his doings there were consequently of no concern to the King's
justices, commissioned to enquire into offences in the county of Salop. So far
as a border between England and Wales could be laid down in those days, it
would of necessity be drawn so as to give the latter country large parts of
what are now Shropshire and Herefordshore, and even a corner of the county of
Gloucester...."
Nid oedd Owain Glyn
Dwr yn fodlon ar Gymru fach a fyddai o dan fygythiad parhaol Lloegr Fawr. Yr
oedd rhaid ymestyn ffiniau'r wlad fel bod Cymru yn wlad fwy y tu ôl i ffin
ddiamwys a hawdd ei hamddiffyn, a Lloegr yn llai o ran ei maint a'i nerth.
"Owen
Glyndwr meditated, it is well known, a partition of Southern Britain which
would have made Wales a very extensive area, indeed. In the Tripartite
Indenture, he claims for his principality all the land west of the Severn as
far as Worcester; thence the boundary is to run north to the source of the
Trent, and thence to that of the Mersey, from which point the Mersey is to be
the limit until it falls into sea. Owen thus proposed to annex to Wales large
sections of Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, and the whole of Herefordshire,
Shropshire and Cheshire...."
Wrth ychwanegu
tiriogaethau'r Cymru at Loegr, creuwyd siroedd newydd ar y patrwm Seisnig (fel
y gwnaethpwyd mewn rhan o Gymru 234 o flyneddyoedd cyn hynny, ar ôl i Loegr
feddiannu gwlad Gwynedd). Gan mae 'Saeson' oedd pob un yn y Gymru ddiddymedig i
fod, ni fu yn fwriad gan y gweinyddwyr dynnu llinell rhwng cymunedau Cymreig a
Seisnig. Ar ben hynny, yn ôl y Ddeddf, yr oedd yn rhaid cael gwared o'r iaith
Gymraeg.
"It
should be remarked that the new counties of Henry VIII. were aggregations of
Marcher lordships, and that no attempt was made to set up a border which should
follow linguistic lines. The Act, indeed, was not very complimentary to the
Welsh language, which it describes as "a speech nothing like nor consonant
to the natural Mother Tongue used within this Realm," and Henry, who
forbade the use of Welsh in the courts of law held within the Principality, no
doubt believed that an early result of his measures would be the disappearance
of a tongue which the memory of his ancestors might have led him to treat with
greater respect. Thus Wales, as defined by him, excluded Oswestry and the
region between it and Denbighshire, where a good deal of Welsh is spoken to the
present day, nor did it include south-west Herefordshire, where Welsh was
undoubtedly current until recent times. Indeed, in this respect the
ecclesiastical boundaries were truer to the facts than the civil ones, for,
until recent changes, the diocese of St. Asaph included Oswestry and seven
other Shropshire parishes, while the diocese of Llandaff has always included
Monmouthshire, and the diocese of St. David's the eleven parishes in
Herefordshire which form the ancient region of Ewias."
Efallai wrth lunio
siâp y Gymru newydd y dylid diystyru'r ffiniau presennol:
"The
Wales of statute law, therefore, owes its form largely to accident, and in any
scheme of self-government for the Principality, the question of revising its
boundaries may very reasonably come up for consideration... A bold draughtsman
of the Home Rule Act might, indeed, be tempted to go some little way in the
direction taken by Glyndwr and suggest the annexation of Shropshire and
Herefordshire, counties with which at present Montgomeryshire, Radnorshire, and
Brecknockshire are closely linked by ties both economic and administrative.
Shrewsbury and Hereford are at present great border centres, and it is
conceivable that the future Welsh Parliament might find the former a more
convenient meeting place than Cardiff. University bodies have long found that,
given the present railway facilities, Shrewsbury is the natural centre and
meeting place for delegates drawn from all parts of Wales and the penchant of
other representative gatherings for Llandrindod Wells is, in effect, an
admission that this is the case; the delightful watering place on the
Radnorshire hills is chosen as the nearest approximation to Shrewsbury, in
point of railway convenience, which is actually on Welsh soil."
Ond, meddai hefyd,
"Wales,
it is safe to say, will never reach the noble dimensions allotted to it in the
far reaching schemes of the Seer of Glyn Dyfrdwy {= Owain Glyn Dwr}."
Serch hynny rhaid
ystyru o ddifrif ymestyn y ffiniau:
"Certain
it is, that, when the intensely practical questions which gather round the subject
of Home Rule begin to be discussed, it will be realised that such matters as
railway communication, regional markets and currents of trade must be taken
into account... there is some risk that a Wales may be brought into existence
free and self-controlled, but actually at the mercy of Liverpool, Manchester,
the border counties, and Bristol."
Gweler:
0978k
Cymru yn Swydd Henffordd - enwau lleoedd Cymraeg yn
Swydd Henffordd
Llan-gain - Kentchurch
Llangynidr - Kenderchurch
Llangynog - Llangunnock
Llangystennin Garth Brenni - Welsh Bicknor
Llanllwydau - Llancloudy
0979k
Eirinwg - erthygl gan A. Morris (Cymru, 1915)
Rhaid myned yn ôl i amser Offa, brenin y Mers, ym mlynyddau olaf yr wythfed
ganrif, am yr ymrwygiad a gymerodd le i wahanau Cymry Eirinwg oddiwrth eu
cyd-genedl yng Nghymru. Pan adeiladodd Offa ei glawdd terfyn drwy y goror yn ol
y Saxon Chronicle, fe unwyd Eirinwg neu Archfield â Mersia, ac yn hytrach na
gyrru Cymry y rhandir dros y Clawdd fe ganiatawyd iddynt aros yn nhreftadaeth
ei hynafiaid
1001k
Prif ddinas i Gymru - erthygl gan Emrys ap Iwan a gyhoeddwyd yn y Geninen 1895
Fe ddyle'r brif ddinas fod yn agos i gyffinia De a Gogledd, sef o fewn y
dalayth a elwid gynt yn Bowys,- dyweder, y wlad rhwng yr afon Mawddach a'r afon
Ystwyth, ac oddi rhyngddyn hwy tua'r dwyrain, gan gynnwys Croysoswallt,
Pengwern (Shrewsbury), a Llwydlo (Ludlow), trefi oydd yn perthyn unwaith i
dalayth Powys, ac a ddylen fod yn perthyn iddi etto.
Yn wir, fel y mae
Cymry Llanddwyn wedi ail-feddiannu Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain a throi yr hen
gappel Seisnig yn gappel Cymreig, felly y dyle Cymry pob mann, trwy
gynnorthwyo'u gilydd i brynnu tai a thirodd, ne trwy ryw foddion eryll, geisio
ail-feddiannu yr holl oror hyd at yr Hafren a Weaver, fel ag i wneyd Cymru Fydd
yn gyfartal eu maint â Chymru Fu,
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diweddaraf - darrera actualització 2005-05-17