A Welsh to English Dictionary in page format
kimkat.org/amryw/1_vortaroy/geiriadur_cymraeg_saesneg_BAEDD_br_1735e.htm 09-08-2012
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∆
brâc
<BRAAK>
[brɑːk]
PLURAL braciau, brâcs
<BRAK-yai,
-ye, BRAAKS>
[ˡbrakjaɪ,
-jɛ, brɑːks]
1 brake
rhoi’r
brâc put on the brake
gollwng y brâc
release the brake
ETYMOLOGY: English brake 1700+ <
Dutch. Related to English break
(= fracture)
:_______________________________
.
Bracla
<BRAK-la>
[ˡbrakla]
1
locality in Pen-y-bont
ar Ogwr (SS9279) 11% Welsh-speakers (2001)
(delwedd
3197)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS9279
map
:_______________________________
.
bracty
<BRAK-ti>
[ˡbraktɪ]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bractai <BRAK-tai>
[ˡbraktaɪ]
1
malthouse, malting
2
brewery, malthouse = place for making beer
3
brewery = brewery company
4
Y Bracty street
name in Bryncethin
(county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
Cwrt Bracty is a street in Aber-big, by Abertyleri (cwrt y bracty = the court of the brewery, brewery court)
Cae Bracty is a street in Y Wyddgrug / Mold, Sir y Fflint / Flintshire (cae’r bracty = the field of the brewery, brewery field)
In Llanfihangel Llantarnam / (name used in English: Llantarnam) there is a Lôn y Bracty (lôn y bracty = the lane of the brewery, brewery lane) (or at least, it occurs on street signs as Malthouse Lane / Lôn y Bracty) (Google Maps 08-07-2016)
A
variant is bragdy Heol y Bragdy street in Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthen (in English, “Brewery Road”)
Stryd y Bragdy is the Welsh name of Brewer Street, Aberystwyh
5 In North Wales a variant of bracty is barty.
ETYMOLOGY:
(brag- stem
of bragu =
to malt, to brew) + soft mutation + (ty
= house) > brágdy
> bracty
See
also: bragdy
:_______________________________
.
brad
<BRAAD>
[braːd]
masculine
noun
PLURAL
bradau
<BRAA-dai,
-de> [ˡbraˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
treachery, treason
uchel
frad high treason
2
act of treachery
gweithred
o frad act of treachery
3
Pant y Brad “treason
hollow”, geographical feature in Tonyrefail (county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf)
(pant =
hollow) + (y =
definite article) + (brad =
treason)
This same name as a street name in Tonyrefail (county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf):
Pant-y-brad
(the elements of settlement names are written
together as a single word)
(though misspelt in the official form
as “Pantybrad”)
See the chapter “Pant y
Brad” on page 69 of Hanes Tonyrefail (The History of
Tonyrefail) / Thomas Morgan (Caer-dydd
1899) / at kimkat1288ke
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British *brat- <
Celtic *mrat-
From
the same British root: Cornish braz
(= plot, trap, pitfall, ambush), Breton barad
(= treason)
Irish: brath
(= betrayal, spying; perception, feeling)
:_______________________________ .
bradu
<BRAA-di>
[ˡbraˑdɪ]
verb
1
waste
bradu arian
waste money
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh
bradu <
’fradu <
afradu
This
is (afrad =
misfortune) + (-u =
suffix).
The word afrad
is made up of two components: ‘af-rad’
(af- =
negative prefix) + soft mutation + (rhad
= grace).
1) The falling away of a
pretonic first syllable is common in Welsh - afradu
> ’fradu.
Compare
Nadolig >
’Dolig (=
Christmas), esgidiau > sgidie (=
shoes), etc
2) The initial f [v]
of ’fradu
has been misunderstood as being the
soft mutation of [b]
. This has resulted in a new radical form
bradu
The
exact same sequence is to be seen in northern Welsh blêr
< ’flêr
< aflêr
(= untidy).
NOTE: South-east
Wales Bradu here
is said as bratu (BRAA-ti)
[ˡbraˑtɪ]
The change d
> t at
the beginning of the final syllable is typical of this dialect:
cadair > catar (= chair), adar > atar (= birds),
etc)
:_______________________________ .
bradwr
<BRAA-dur>
[ˡbraˑdʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bradwyr
<BRAD-wir>
[ˡbradwɪr]
1
traitor; North Wales
traitor; rat, ratter, snitch, betrayer
carn-fradwr
arrant traitor
troi'n
fradwr turn traitor
troi'n
fradwr i (rywun) turn traitor (on
somebody), rat (on somebody), betray (somebody)
2
North Wales scab, blackleg, strikebreaker; person who works
when his fellow workers are on strike
y gwrthdaro rhwng y steicwyr a’r bradwyr yn Streic Fawr y Penrhyn, a barodd o 1900 hyd 1903 the conflict between strikers and blacklegs in the Great Stike at Penrhyn which lasted from 1900 until 1903
ETYMOLOGY:
(brad-,
stem of bradu =
betray) + (-u suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bradwriaeth
<bra-DUR-yaith,
-yeth> [braˡdʊrjaiɵ,
-jɛɵ]
feminine noun
1
treason, treachery
Bradwriaeth
Ffraingc a Phrwssia (= Bradwriaeth Ffrainc a Phrwsia in
modern spelling)
(03-08-1870 Baner ac Amserau Cymru)
the
treachery of France and Prussia
ETYMOLOGY:
(bradwr =
traitor) + (-i-aeth suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bradwrus
(bra-DUU-ris) [braˡduˑrɪs]
adjective
1
treacherous
ETYMOLOGY: (bradwr
= traitor) + (-us
suffix)
:_______________________________
.
bradychu
<bra-DƏ-khi>
[braˡdəxɪ]
verb
1
betray
Byffŵn
o Gymro a fradychodd ei famwlad A Welsh
buffon who betrayed his mother country
bradychu’r
achos betray the cause
2
betray, give away = reveal, inadvertently reveal
ein gwefusau cochliw yn
bradychu'r ffaith ein bod wedi bwyta llus
our
red lips betraying the fact that we had eaten bilberries
3
North Wales scab
(on one's fellow workers)
bradychu
ei gyd-chwarelwyr scab on his fellow
quarrymen
ETYMOLOGY: bradychu
< bredychu
(brad =
treachery) + (-ychu).
The vowel y caused
the change a >
e.
The
modern form however has a
owing to the influence of brad
(= treachery), bradwr
(=
traitor)
:_______________________________
.
braen
<BRAIN>
[braɪn]
verb (adjective)
1
putrid, rotten
A rhyngthynt tiriondeb y ddaear fraen and between them y putrid Earth Y Parthenon. L. Haydn Lewis. Ton-Pentre. Y Fflam / Cyfrol 1, Rhif 2. Calanmai 1947
2 ceulfran curds; cottage cheese
(ceul-
= penult form of caul = curds) + soft mutation + (braen
= rotten, putrid) ceul fraen
(if the word is analysed as if
it is a compound formed in modern Welsh)
The word is extant in South-west Wales, in the form colfran < coulfraen
(Unusually here there is penult ou > o, final ae > a; in the south-west, final ae > e would be expected; in the south-east final ‘a’ is usual, ae > e > a).
Coulfraen
is an older form of ceulfraen;
in older Welsh eu was
ou, and
this has been maintained in the spoken Welsh of the south, though in
the rest of the country penult ou >
eu, non-penult ou
> eu > au.
:_______________________________
.
braenar
<BRƏI-nar>
[ˡbrəinar]
masculine noun
PLURAL
braenarau
(brəi-NAA-re) [ˡbrəinaˑrɛ]
1
fallow land = land ploughed and left unsown in
order to kill weeds
bod yn fraenar
lie fallow
Mae’r
tir yn fraenar eleni
2
cattle disease which causes them to eat unusual
objects, substances - soil, stones, drying clothes
3
unnatural hunger, ferocious hunger
Roedd
y ddau fachgen wedi bwyta fel petai branar arnyn nhw
The
two boys ate as if there was “an unnatural hunger on
them”
ETYMOLOGY: The element braen
may be related to bryn
(= hill), and bron
(= breast, hill).
But according to Joan
Coramines (ZCP 25 1956 p49) “braenar,
a fallow field, coming from an older BRAKNA-RO < BRAKNO 'rotten',
which comes in turn from the IE root MRK- 'mire','humid thing'...
braña,
already attested in the 8th century and usual in Galicia, Northern
Portugal, Asturias and Santander, means 'a swampy or boggy place, a
humid meadow'. It reappears in Northwestern Catalonia in the form
'braina' meaning 'a field of cereals whose ears have not yet
formed’... It is clear that 'braña' comes... from a
Celtic BRAKNA 'humid meadow' ”
In
other Celtic languages: Breton: breinar
(= fallow land), Irish: branar
(= fallow land)
NOTE: A variant of braenar
is branar
[brâ-nar]
. It occurs in the place name Mynydd
Branar (“highland of the
fallow”), near Dolwen, Baecolwyn
(county of Conwy)
Another
is brynar.
English-Welsh
Dictionary, Rev. John Walters, Rector of Llandough, Glamorganshire.
(Volume 1: 3rd edition,
1828). Fallow, fallow-ground or fallow-field [in Husbandry] Braenar
(vulgò branar, brynar)
:_______________________________
.
braenaru
<brəi-NAA-ri>
[ˡbrəɪnaˑrɪ]
verb
1
leave (land) fallow
Yr oedd cae’r gwaelod wedi ei fraenaru ers blynyddoedd the field at the bottom had been left fallow for many years
2
braenaru'r tir ar gyfer (rhywbeth)
pave the way for (sth) (“leave
the land fallow for”)
ETYMOLOGY:
(braenar =
fallow land ) + (-u suffix
for forming verbs)
:_______________________________ .
braf
‹BRAAV›
[braːv]
(adjective)
1
splendid
2 (weather) fine, sunny
tywydd
braf fine weather
3
cael lle braf get
a cushy job (“get a fine place”)
ETYMOLOGY:
English brave (in
an older sense of ‘fine’)
A
Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, (in three parts) by a Lady: to
which is added a Glossary. James Frederick PALMER, Mary Palmer. 1837:
“BRAVE, adj. insignia, egregius, eminently
fine; said also of a person in good
health.”
:_______________________________ .
brag
‹BRAAG›
[braːg]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bragau <BRAA-gai,
-ge> [ˡbraˑgaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
malt = grain made ready for brewing
bracty
malthouse, place to germinate grains; brewery
brag
gwenith malt made from wheat grain
bragwr (qv)
maltster, brewer
bregyn a
grain of malt
cerwyn frag / cerwyni
brag mash tub / mash tubs
cwrw
brag barley-malt beer
gwneud
brag to malt (vi) (‘make
malt’)
odyn frag malt
kiln
troi’n frag (seeds)
to malt (‘turn (into) malt’)
2
brag gwlyb mash =
mixture of mashed malt grains and hot water from which malt is
extracted
mwydo
brag to liquor malt
trwytho
brag to liquor malt
3
dŵr brag liquid
from mash
4
clwyd frag =
hurdle for drying malt on
5
finegr brag =
malt vinegar
llaeth â brag
malted milk
torth
frag / torthau brag malt loaf / malt
loaves
wisgi brag =
malt whisky
6
See bragu (= to brew), bragwr (brewer), bracty (=
brewery), bragdy (= brewery)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brag <
British < Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish brag (=
malt)
From the same Celtic root: Irish braich (= malt)
Cf
Latin marcor (= putrefaction)
:_______________________________
.
bragdy
‹BRAG-di›
[bragdɪ]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bragdai <BRAg-da>
[ˡbragdaɪ]
1
brewery. See bracty.
:_______________________________ .
bragu
<BRAA-gi>
[ˡbraˑgɪ]
verb
1
brew
2
malt = produce malt
ETYMOLOGY: (brag
= malt) + (-wr
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________ .
bragwr
<BRAA-gur>
[ˡbraˑgʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bragwyr
<BRA-gwir}
[ˡbragwɪr]
1
brewer
2
y bragwyr the
brewers, the brewery companies
ETYMOLOGY: (brag
= malt) + (-wr
agent suffix)
:_______________________________ .
braich
<BRAIKH>
[braɪx]
PLURAL:
breichiau <BRƏIKH
yai, -ye> [ˡbrəɪxjai,
-jɛ] (feminine
noun)
1
arm
y fraich =
the arm
2
fraich ym mraich <vraikh
ə MRAIKH>
[vraɪxəˡmraɪx]
(adverb) arm in arm
3
nerth braich ac ysgwydd <nerth
BRAIKH ag Ə-skuidh>
[nɛrθ
ˡbraɪx ag ˡəskʊɪð]
(adverb) with all one's might “(the)
strength (of) arm and shoulder”
4
(South Wales) naill
fraich = one-armed
5
unfraich one-armed
un fraich (un
= un) + soft mutation + ( braich
= arm)
:_______________________________
.
Braid
<BRAID>
[braɪd]
(feminine noun)
1
woman saint
2
Llansanffráid <lhan-san-FRAID>
[ɬansanˡfraɪd]
(place names - church of saint
Braid)
:_______________________________ .
braidd
<BRAIDH>
[braɪð]
adverb
1
hardly, scarcely
braidd
byth hardly ever
2
almost, nearly
braidd
neb almost nobody (qv)
braidd
dim almost nothing (qv)
3
rather, somewhat, kind of; braidd
yn + adjective
with bod
–
Ma hi
braidd yn oer allan heddiw It’s
fairly cold out today
Mae’n
ymddangos braidd yn anhygoel It seems
hard to believe
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh braidd
< British; the equivalent word in Breton is bre
(= pain, difficulty, effort)
braidd
yn hwyr <braidh
ən HUIR>
[braɪð
ən ˡhʊɪr]
(adverb) rather late
(b) also after an
adjective: oer braidd fairly
cold
3
o'r braidd hardly,
scarcely, barely
O’r braidd
’mod i’n eich nabod I
hardly know you
O’r braidd rw
i’n eich nabod I hardly know
you
O’r braidd y medr hi
ddarllen She’s scarcely able to
read, she can hardly read
O’r
braidd ’mod i’n meddwl am un dim arall I
hardly think of anything else
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh braidd
< British.
The equivalent word in Breton is
bre (=
pain, difficulty, effort) <
*brez
:_______________________________
.
braidd
ddim <braidh
DHIM> [braɪð
ˡðɪm]
pronom
1
hardly anything, hardly any
Does
gen i braidd ddim ar ôl I’ve
got hardly any left
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd
= hardly, scarcely; almost, nearly) + (dim
= anything, nothing)
:_______________________________ .
braidd
neb <braidh
NEEB> [braɪð
ˡneːb]
pronom
1
hardly anyone
Ddaeth
braidd neb hardly anybody came
Fu
yno braidd neb ddoe there was hardly
anybody there yesterday
ETYMOLOGY: (braidd
= hardly, scarcely; almost, nearly) + (neb
= somebody,
nobody)
:_______________________________ .
brain
<BRAIN>
[braɪn]
(npl)
1
crows; see brân
:_______________________________
.
braint,
PLURAL:
breintiau <BRAINT,
BREINT-yai, -ye>
[braɪnt,
ˡbrəɪntjaɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1
privilege
y fraint
= the privilege
2
hawlio braint claim
a privilege
:_______________________________
.
bran
<BRAN>
[bran]
(masculine noun)
1
bran
:_______________________________
.
brân,
PLURAL:
brain <BRAAN,
BRAIN>
[brɑːn,braɪn]
(feminine noun)
1
crow
y frân
= the crow
2
traed brain crows’
feet
Mae ganddo ysgrifen fel traed
brain His writing is a scrawl (“he
has handwriting like crows’ feet”)
3
Tinddu medd y frân wrth y wylan
the pot calling the kettle black (“black-arse
said the crow to the seagull”)
4
Gwyn y gwêl y frân ei
chyw
“(it
is) white that the crow sees her chick”
Mothers can
never believe that their offspring may be less than honourable and
angelic; a mother believes her child can do no wrong
5 Mae
hi’n ddigon oer i rewi brain It’s
freezing cold (“cold enough to freeze crows” – ‘o
turn into ice’ rhew =
ice)
(South)
Mae hi’n ddigon oer i sythu
brain freezing
cold (“cold enough to freeze crows” sythu
=
‘straighten’ / ‘make rigid’ / ‘stiffen’
/ freeze stiff’ )
:_______________________________
.
brandy
<BRAN-di>
[ˡbrandɪ]
masculine noun
1
Epenthetic form of ebrandy
(= place where fodder is kept )
There is a street name Brandy in Johnstown, county of Wrecsam.
In Pontyberem (county of Caerfyrddin) there is Heol y Brandy.
ETYMOLOGY: (ebran = fodder) + soft mutation + (ty^ = house) > ebrandy > ’brandy
:_______________________________
.
brân
dyddyn, PLURAL:
brain tyddyn
<braan-DƏ-dhin,
brain-TƏ-dhin>
[brɑːn
ˡdəðɪn, braɪn ˡtəðɪn]
(feminine noun)
1
carrion crow (“smallholding
crow”)
:_______________________________ .
brân
goesgoch, PLURAL:
brain coesgoch
<braan
GOIS-kokh, brain-KOIS-kokh>
[brɑːn
ˡgɔɪskɔx, braɪn ˡkɔɪskɔx]
(feminine noun)
1
chough (“redlegged
crow”)
:_______________________________ .
Branwen
<BRAN-wen>
[ˡbranwɛn]
(feminine
noun)
1
woman's name
2
second of the stories of the
Mabinogi
:_______________________________ .
..1
bras
<BRAAS>
[brɑːs]
adjective
PLURAL
breision
<BREIS-yon>
[ˡbrəɪsjɔn]
1
(land) fertile, lush, fat
gwlad
fras fertile country
Gwelem
yr afon fawr yn dirwyn drwy y
dyffryn bras
We could see the big
river meandering through the lush valley
2
(grassland) lush = luxuriant, abundant
symud
i feysydd brasach move on to more
profitable areas
porféydd
breision rich pastures, lush pastures,
abundant grassland; figurative meaning - wealthy situation
3
(salary) fat, big, plentiful
Enillent
gyflogau breision o'r BBC
They were
earning fat salaries from the BBC
4
replete, full
(Apocrypha) Ecclesiasticus 35:6
Y mae offrwm y duwiol yn
gwneuthur yr allor yn fras, a'i arogl peraidd ef sy gerbron y
Goruchaf. (Apocrypha) Ecclesiasticus
35:6 The
offering of the righteous maketh the altar fat, and the sweet savour
thereof is before the most High.
bras
o replete with, full of
I
ffwrdd â ni drwy ddyffryn
prydferth Conwy - dyffryn bras o
hanes ein gwlad
Off we went through
the beautiful valley of the Conwy
- a valley replete with the history of our
country
5
bras amcan a
rough estimate, an approximation
ar
fras amcan at a rough estimate, at a
rough guess
Bydd cost y daith,
ar fras amcan, rywle rhwng £800 a £1,000 (wyth gant o
bunnau a mil o bunnau)
The price of
the trip will be, at a rough guess, between £800 and £1,000
mesuriadau breision /
mesuriadau bras rough
dimensions, rough measurements
braslun
rough sketch, draft
syniad
bras a rough idea, a crude idea, an
approximate idea, a broad idea
cyfieithiad
bras rough translation
6
(crop) fat
Tes
Gorffennaf, ydau brasaf (saying) heat
of July, fat cereal crops
7
(harvest) fat, abundant
cael
cynhaeaf bras reap a rich harvest (also
figurative: make oneself rich from some activity)
8
byd bras comfortable
life
cael byd bras lead
a comfortable life
9
South-west Wales (people)
snooty, haughty, person full of his / her own importance
Mae
e’n un bras He’s full of
his own importance
Mae hi’n un
fras She’s full of her own
importance
10
North Wales coarse,
vulgar, rank
siarad yn fras
talk in a vulgar manner, speak coarsely, use bad
language
geirfa fras
coarse vocabulary
siarad
bras use of vulgar expressions
iaith
fras coarse language, rude language,
swearing
11
rough, broad, non-detailed, general,
non-specific
disgrifiad bras
rough description
12
yn fras superficially,
in broad outline, in rough detail
Wel
dyna hi'r stori'n fras am hen chwarel y pentra Well
that's the story in rough detail about the old village quarry
13
(powder, flour, gravel, etc) coarse = in larger
particles than is usual, not fine
blawd
gwenith wedi ei falu'n fras wheat flour
coarsely milled
tywodyn bras
grain of gravel
graean
bras shingle
14
(cloth) coarse, rough = not fine
brethyn
bras coarse cloth
barclod
bras apron made of coarse cloth
15
(wool, brush, etc) coarse = not fine
gwlân
bras = coarse wool
brwsh
bras = coarse brush
baco
bras coarse tobacco
pren
bras ei raen coarse-grained wood
edau
fras coarse thread
16
Fishing pysgodyn
bras coarse fish, freshwater fish which
is not a member of the salmon family; pysgota
bras coarse fishing
17
obsolete (person,
animal) stout, fat;
Found in epithets in medieval Welsh: Adda
Fras Stout Adam
Eseia 11:6 a'r
blaidd a drig gyda'r oen, a'r llewpart a orwedd gyda'r myn; y llo
hefyd, a chenau y llew, a'r anifail bras, fyddant ynghyd, a bachgen
bychan a'u harwain Isaiah 11:6 The wolf
also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with
the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together;
and a little child shall lead them.
Dafydd
Fras Fat David (modern Welsh would be
Dafydd Dew)
18
gogor bras coarse
sieve = sieve with large holes
19
glo bras large
coal, coal in big lumps
20
(meat) fatty, having a lot of fat, not lean
cig
bras fatty meat
asen
fras rib with a lot of fat
ffrio
sleisen o gig moch gwyn a bras to fry a
slice of white fatty pork
21
(North Wales) (sea) rough
22
map bras sketch
map, rough map, simplified map
23
as a plural noun (breision)
= fattened animals
Salmau 66:15 Offrymaf
i ti boethoffrymau breision, ynghŷd ag arogl-darth hyrddod;
aberthaf ychen a bychod. Sela.
Psalms
66:15 I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the
incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British < Celtic
from the
same British root: Cornish bras (=
big), Breton bras (=
big);
Irish bras (a
literary word; = great, strong; swift))
. The Celtic word is related to Latin
grossus (=
big)
NOTE: breision (plural
form): (bras)
+ (plural suffix -ion,
which causes affection of the preceding vowel a
> ei
:_______________________________
.
..2 bras
<braas>
[brɑːs]
(masculine noun)
1
(bird) bunting
bras
penddu (Emberiza melanocephela)
black-headed bunting
:_______________________________ .
brasgamu
<bras-KA-mi>
[brasˡkamɪ]
(verb)
1
stride
:_______________________________ .
braslun
<BRAS-lin>
[ˡbraslɪn]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brasluniau
<bras-LIN-yai,
-ye>
[brasˡlɪnjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
outline, sketch, draft, rough plan
2
braslun gyrfa (“sketch
(of) career) curriculum vitae, CV
ETYMOLOGY: (bras
= rough, general, not detailed) + soft mutation +
(llun =
picture)
:_______________________________
.
brat,
PLURAL:
bratiau <BRAT,
BRAT-yai, -ye>
[ˡbrat,
ˡbratjaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1
apron
:_______________________________
.
brath,
PLURAL:
brathau <BRAATH,
BRAA-thai, -e>
[ˡbrɑːθ,
ˡbrɑˑθaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1
bite
2
gwaeth eich cyfarth na’ch brath your
bark is worse than your bite; a person’s angry words are worse
than any action he may do, a person can be very angry but he won’t
really carry out any threats he makes
(she) gwaeth
ei chyfarth na’i brath
(he)
gwaeth ei gyfarth na’i frath
(gwaeth
= worse) + (eich
= your) + (cyfarth
= bark) + (na
= than) + (eich)
+ (brath =
bite)
:_______________________________
.
brathu
<BRAA-thi>
[ˡbrɑˑθɪ]
(verb)
1
to bite
2
Cas gan gath y ci a’i bratho
Once bitten twice shy
(“(it is) hateful
with a cat the dog which may bite
it”)
:_______________________________ .
brau
<BRAI>
[braɪ]
(adjective)
1
brittle
2
helygen frau (helyg
brau) (Salix fragilis var fragilis)
crack willow or brittle willow
:_______________________________
.
braw
<BRAU>
[braʊ]
(masculine noun)
1
shock, fright
Daeth
arnynt fraw disymwyth A sudden fright
took them (“it-came on them a-fright
sudden”).
:_______________________________ .
brawd,
PLURAL:
brodyr <BRAUD,
BROO-dir>
[braʊd,
ˡbroˑdɪr]
(masculine noun)
1
brother
2
Frodyr! Brothers!
soft mutation of brodyr;
This mutation indicates a vocative use
Philipiaid 4:8 Yn
ddiwethaf, frodyr, pa bethau bynnag sydd wir, pa bethau bynnag sydd
onest, pa bethau bynnag sydd gyfiawn, pa bethau bynnag sydd bur, pa
bethau bynnag sydd hawddgar, pa bethau bynnag sydd ganmoladwy, od oes
un rhinwedd, ac od oes dim clod, meddyliwch am y pethau hyn.
Philippians 4:8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever
things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are
just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely,
whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if
there be any praise, think on these
things.
:_______________________________
.
brawd,
PLURAL:
brodiau
<BRAUD,
BROD-yai, -ye>
[ˡbraʊd,
ˡbrɔdjaɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun) 1
(obsolete) judgement, verdict
Dydd
Brawd Judgement
Day hyd Ddydd
Brawd until
Judgement Day
2
cymrodedd compromise,
agreement
ETYMOLOGY: cymrodedd
< *cymrawdedd
< *cymfrawdedd
(cym-
= together) + soft mutation + (brawd
= judgement, verdict) + (-edd
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
The
diphthong aw in a penultimate syllable is reduced to o
in certain words in modern Welsh. See aw in this
dictionary.
3 difrod
(modern Welsh) damage, destruction; (obsolete meaning) neglect of
law, contempt of law;
ETYMOLOGY: difrod < difrawd
(di- prefix = without) + soft mutation + (brawd =
judgement, verdict)
The diphthong aw in a final syllable
has been reduced to o in modern Welsh. See aw in this
dictionary.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *BRÂT- < Celtic
Cornish ‘BRUUZ’ (= verdict), Breton BREUT (= debate).
Irish
BRÁTH (= doomsday), Scottish BRÀTH (= doomsday); Éirinn
go bráth / Éire go bráth (= Ireland for ever,
Ireland until the end of time, literally Ireland until doomsday).
Similarly Alba go bràth (= Scotland forever).
:_______________________________
.
bratiaith
‹BRAT-yaith›
[ˡbratjaɪθ]
feminine noun
1
debased language; shoddy Welsh
y
fratiaith = the debased language
ETYMOLOGY: “language (of) rag(s)”, i.e. “tattered
language” (brat =
rag) + (-iaith =
language). Expression from the nineteenth century
:_______________________________ .
bratiog
<BRAT-YOG>
[ˡbratjɔg]
adjective
1
tattered, raggèd, scrappy, shoddy
2
imperfect, broken
mewn
Cymraeg bratiog in broken Welsh
Roedd
yn gallu siarad tipyn o Saesneg bratiog He
could speak a bit of broken English
ETYMOLOGY: (brat
= rag) + (-iog,
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________
.
brawddeg,
PLURAL:
brawddegau <BRAU-dheg,
brau-DHEE-ge>
[ˡbraʊðɛg,
braʊˡðeˑgaɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1
sentence
y
frawddeg = the
sentence
:_______________________________
.
brawychiaeth
<brau-ƏKH-yaith,
-yeth>
[braʊˡəxjaɪθ,
-ɛθ] f
1
terrorism
gwrthfrawychiaeth
antiterrorism
ETYMOLOGY: (brawych-
stem of brawychu
= terrorise) + (-i-aeth
suffix for forming nouns)
:_______________________________ .
brawychu
<brau-Ə-khi>
[braʊˡəxɪ]
(verb
with an object)
1
frighten, terrify
2
terrorise
ETYMOLOGY: (braw
= fright, terror) + (-ychu
suffix for forming
verbs)
:_______________________________ .
Brdd.
1
abbreviation = Barddoniaeth
(= poetry)
:_______________________________
.
bre
<BREE>
[breː]
(masculine noun)
1
hill, promontory
2
as an element in place names:
Heulfre
(House name or street name) sunny hill
(heul,
tonic syllable form of haul)
+ soft mutation + (bre =
hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfre)
Moelfre
(common hill name) bare hill
(moel
= bare, denuded) + soft mutation + (bre
= hill)
:_______________________________
.
..1 brech
<BREEKH>
[breːx]
adjective
1
feminine form brych
(= speckled, spotted).
Usually after a
feminine noun, and so it becomes frech
(there is soft mutation of the initial consonant
of an adjective which follows a feminine singular noun)
tylluan
frech (Strix aluco) tawny
owl
:_______________________________ .
..2
brech, PLURAL:
brechau <BREEKH,
BREE-khai, -khe>
[ˡbreːx,
ˡbreˑxaɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1
pox
y frech =
the pox
2
brech goch <breekh
GOOKH> [breːx
ˡgoːx] y
frech goch = measles (“red
pox”)
3
brech y cŵn <breekh
ə KUUN>
[breːx
ə ˡkuːn]
the mange (“pox of the
dogs”)
:_______________________________
.
brechdan
<BREKH-dan>
[ˡbrɛxdan]
feminine noun
PLURAL
brechdanau
<brekh-DAA-nai,
-ne>
[brɛxˡdɑˑnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
slice of bread and butter, (Northern England:
butty) (Scotland: piece)
y frechdan
= the slice of bread and butter
2
sandwich = two slices of bread spread with butter
or margarine with a filling (eg jam, cheese, meat paste, lettuce and
tomato, pickle, etc)
3
sandwich defined by its contents:
brechdan
doddion bread and dripping (“sandwich
(of) dripping”)
brechdan
fawd slice of bread with butter spread
on it with the thumb (“sandwich (of) thumb”)
brechdan
gaws cheese sandwich
brechdan
gig meat sandwich
brechdan
jam bread and jam (bread and butter
with jam)
brechdan linsi two
slices of different bread (made of different grains) put together to
make a sandwich
(“sandwich (of) linsey, linen warp with a
wool or cotton filling ”)
brechdan
surep syrup sandwich
brechdan
wen buttered slice of white bread
2
(North Wales) brechdan
o ddyn coward, spineless man, softie
(“a sandwich / piece of bread an butter of a man”)
(North Wales) hen frechdan
coward, person who won’t say boo to a goose
(North Wales) rhyw frechdan o
beth coward
Mae
o am ddangos ma fo ydi'r mistar yn lle bod yn rhyw frechdan o beth
fel Mr. Wyn, na feiddia fo ddangos i winadd i neb." He
wants to show that HE’s boss instead of being a spineless old
thing like Mr. Wyn, who wouldn’t challenge anybody (“show
his claws to anybody”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < Old Irish
brechtán (=
bread with butter)
NOTE: also (North Wales) bechdan
(loss of the r),
Ceredigon: bachdan, brachdan (the
vowel of the first syllable is coloured by the vowel in the following
syllable)
:_______________________________
.
brechdan
agored <BREKH-dan
a-GOO-red>
[ˡbrɛxdan
aˡgoˑrɛd]
(feminine noun)
1
open sandwich
:_______________________________
.
brechdan
gig <BREKH-dan
GIIG> [ˡbrɛxdanˡ
giːg]
(feminine noun)
1
meat sandwich
:_______________________________
.
brechiad,
PLURAL:
brechiadau <BREKH-yad,
brekh-YAA-dai, -de>
[ˡbrɛxjad,brɛxˡjɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] (masculine
noun)
1
immunisation jab,
inoculation
:_______________________________
.
brechlyn
<BREKH-lin>
[ˡbrɛxlɪn]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brechlynnau
<brekh-LƏ-ne>
[brɛxˡlənaɪ,
-ɛ] 1
vaccine
brechlyn
geneuol oral vaccine
brechlyn
i’w lyncu oral vaccine (“for
its swallowing”, to be swallowed)
brechlyn
trwy’r geg oral
vaccine (“through the mouth”)
brechlyn
triphlyg triple vaccine
ETYMOLOGY:
(brech =
pox, smallpox ) + soft mutation + ( llyn
= liquid)
:_______________________________
.
brechu
<BREE-khi>
[ˡbreˑxɪ]
(verb)
1
inoculate, vaccinate
brechu
rhàg difftheria inoculate
against diptheria
:_______________________________
.
brecwast
<BREC-wast>
[ˡbrɛcwast]
masculine noun
PLURAL
<brek-WA-stai,
e> [brɛkˡwastaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
breakfast
brecwast
Ffrengig continental breakfast (“French
breakfast”)
gwely a
brecwast bed and breakfast
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh brecwast is
ultimately from English breakfast
(= the occasion of breaking one’s overnight
fast)
(to break)
+ (fast =
time without food).
There are two possible explanations for the “w”.
1/ One is that it is a change that happened in English, and the ‘w’ form was taken from English into Welsh. This would seem to be more likely.
2/ The other is that the change to [f] to [w] occurred in Welsh, with the English dialect form breakvast / brekvast > Welsh *brecfast <BREK-vast> [ˡbrɛkvast] > brecwast. The consonant (spelt as ñ<w> [v] replaces the consonant <v> [v], a change seen to occur in other words in Welsh – for example, efallai, ’fallai (= perhaps) > south-eastern walla, wylla
_____________________
Examples in Welsh: brecwast, brecffast, brecwest
The Welsh Vocabulary of the Bangor District. O H Fynes-Clinton MA. Published by Oxford University Press (1913)
brekwast, s.m., brecffast, C.C. 8. 22; brecwest, T.N. 12.33;
cf. Eng. (Dial.) breckwist, Irel. Nhb. ; brickwast, Nhb. ; ' breakfast '.
C.C. (Canwyll y Cymry) Y Pedwarydd Ran o waith Mr. Rees
Prichard Gynt Ficcer Llanddyfri yn Shir Gaerfyrddyn. Y nawr gynta
yn Brintiedig . . . Llundain . . . 1672
T.N. Gwaith Thomas Edwards (Twm o'r Nant). Liverpool. 1874. b. 1735, d. 1810.
_____________________
Examples in English:
1/ breakwast
..1a/ BREAKWAST, the common form of breakfast. (Parochial Account of Llanidloes / Edward Hamer / Chapter X / Folk-lore. Page 231 Collections Historical and Archeological Relating to Montgomeryshire and its Borders / 1877)
..1b/ Ramsay Guthrie (pseudonym of John George Bowran) (1869-1946). Kitty Fagan: A Romance of Pit Life. 1900.
pp.74-5 It was a proud moment for Kitty when she filled the kettle, and placed it on the fire. “They´ll want their teas!” she explained. “They´ve had nowt since breakwast!”
2/ breakvast
..2a/
Observations
on some of the dialects in the West of England particularly with a
glossary of words now in use there; and poems and other pieces,
exemplifying the dialect. by James Jennings, Honorary Secretary of
the Metropolitan Library Institution, London.
London,
1825.
“The words nouth, knoweth; zin, sun; vrast, frost;
die, day; Zalhardie, Saturday; Zindei, Sunday, and a few others,
indicate an origin West of the Parret. There are, however, many words
which with a trifling alteration in the orthography, would suit, at
the present time, the north-eastern portion of the county; such are
blauther, bladder, brekvast,
breakfast;
crwest, crust; smill, smell;”
..2b/
Duplicity; Comedy, in five Acts. As performed at the Theatre-Royal,
Covent-Garden. T. Thomas Holcroft. (1811. Edinburgh. A collection of
Successful Modern Plays, as acted at the Theatres Royal, London.
Printed from the prompt books under the authority of the managers.
Selected by Mrs. Inchbald. In ten volumes. Vol. iv.).
(Squire
Turnbull and his daughter speak in a south-western English manner,
probably Somerset)
Sq[uire Turnbull].
How does thee like London ?
Miss
Turn[bull]. I knaw not It do zeem a
strange place.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. A
strange place!
Miss Turn[bull].
Ees—I do think it be.
Sq[uire
Turnbull]. Thee dost?
Miss
Turn[bull]. Ees.
Sq[uire
Turnbull]. An' zo do I—whereby,
dost zee, I'll get out n't as vast as I can—a pretty chace, as
the man zaid that rode vifty miles a'ter a wild goose.—London !
—an' this be London, the devil take London—Come, pack up
thy ribbands an' vlappets, an' make thyzel ready.
Miss
Turn[bull]. Neea, zure—you wun't
go zo zoon.
Sq[uire Turnbull]. Wun't
I ?—an' I stay in this town to-night, I'll eat it vor breakvast
tomorrow.
3/ brickwast, brickfast
BRICKWAST, BRICKFAST, breakfast.
A Glossary Of Words Used In The County Of Northumberland And On The Tyneside. R Oliver Heslop. Volume I. The English Dialect Society. 1892
4/ brecksfust, brecksuf, brecksus, bracksus, breckwist, brequist, breakquest, brukwust, buckwhist, brickwast
Joseph Wright (1855–1930). The English Dialect Dictionary. 1898.
(delwedd 7963)
:_______________________________
.
brefu
<BREE-vi>
[ˡbreˑvɪ]
(verb)
1
(cow) to low, to moo
2
(goat) to bleat
See the place name
Llanddewi
Brefi
:_______________________________
.
breichiau
<BREIKH-yai,
-ye> [ˡbrəɪxjaɪ,
-ɛ] (pl)
1
arms; see braich
:_______________________________
.
breichled,
PLURAL:
breichledau <BREIKH-led,
breikh-LEE-dai, -de>
[ˡbrəɪxlɛd,
brəɪxˡleˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1
bracelet
y
freichled = the bracelet
breichled
jad jade bracelet
:_______________________________
.
Breiddin
<BREI-dhin>
[ˡbrəɪðɪn]
(feminine noun)
1
hill in north-east
Wales
:_______________________________ .
breinlen
<BREIN-len>
[ˡbrəɪnlɛn]
feminine noun
PLURAL
breinlenni
<brein-LE-ni>
[brəɪnˡlɛnɪ]
1
charter = a document issued by the state for the
incorporation of a business (such as a bank), a city, a university,
etc and which specifies its characteristics, its purpose, and its
rights
y freinlen =
the charter
2
charter = fundamental principles of an
organisation
Breinlen y Cenhedloedd
Unedig The United Nations Charter
3
Y Freinlen Fawr Magna
Carta - the 'great charter' that the English barons obliged King John
of England to sign in 1215 at Runnymede setting out the rights of
barons, the church, and freemen
breinlen
fawr magna carta = any law establishing
fundamental rights
4
gazette
Y Freinlen
Gymroaidd (“The Cambrian
Gazette”) name of a paper printed in Aberystwyth
in 1836
ETYMOLOGY: (brein-
stem of breinio
= to grant a privilege) + soft mutation + (llen
= cloth,
document)
:_______________________________ .
breinryddid
<brein-RƏ-dhid>
[brəɪnˡrəðɪd]
masculine noun
1
immunity = a privilege which grants immunity to a
person
breinryddid diplomyddol
diplomatic immunity
ETYMOLOGY: (brein-
stem of breinio
= to grant a privilege) + soft mutation + (rhyddid
= freedom,
liberty)
:_______________________________ .
breintiedig
<brein-ti-EE-dig>
[brəɪntɪˡeˑdɪg]
adjective
1
privileged
lleiafrif
bach breintiedig a small privileged
minority
ETYMOLOGY: (breint-i-
= stem of breintio
= to favour) + (-edig
past participle suffix,
passive)
:_______________________________ .
breision
<BREI-shon>
[ˡbrəɪʃɔn]
adjective
1
plural form of bras
(= abundant, fat)
2
as a plural noun, = fattened animals
Salmau
66:15 Offrymaf i ti boethoffrymau
breision, ynghyd ag arogl-darth hyrddod; aberthaf ychen a bychod.
Sela.
Psalms 66:15 I will offer
unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the incense of rams; I
will offer bullocks with goats. Selah.
ETYMOLOGY: (bras
= abundant, fat) + (plural suffix -ion,
which causes affection of the preceding vowel a
> ei
:_______________________________
.
brenhinbren
<bren-HIN-bren>
[brɛnˡhɪnbrɛn]
masculine noun
PLURAL
breninbrennau
<bre-nin-BRE-nai,
-e>
[brɛnɪnˡbrɛnaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
“king-tree, the tree which is
king”
brenhinbren y goedwig
the king of the forest, the tree which is king of
the forest, the oak
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin-
penult form of brenin
= king) + soft mutation + (pren=
tree)
:_______________________________
.
brenhindy
<bren-HIN-di>
[brɛnˡhɪndɪ]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brenhindai
<bren-HIN-dai>
[brɛnˡhɪndaɪ]
1
royal house, palace
Daniel 4:30 Llefarodd
y brenin, a dywedodd, Onid hon yw Babilon fawr, yr hon a adeiledais i
yn frenhindy yng nghryfder fy nerth, ac er gogoniant fy mawrhydi?
Daniel 4:30 The king spake, and
said, Is not this great Babylon, that I have built for the house of
the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the honour of my
majesty?
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin-
penult form of brenin
= king) + soft mutation + (tŷ
= house)
:_______________________________
.
brenhines,
PLURAL:
breninesau ‹bre
NHI nes, bre ni NE se› (feminine
noun)
1
queen
y frenhines
= the
queen
:_______________________________ .
brenhinllys
‹bre-nhin-lhis›
feminine noun
1
(Bible) palace
Daniel 8:2 Gwelais
hefyd mewn gweledigaeth, (a bu pan welais, mai yn Susan y
brenhinllys, yr hwn sydd o fewn talaith Elam, yr oeddwn i,) ie,
gwelais mewn gweledigaeth, ac yr oeddwn i wrth afon Ulai.
Daniel 8:2 And I saw in a vision; and it came
to pass, when I saw, that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in
the province of Elam; and I saw in a vision, and I was by the river
of Ulai.
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin-
penultform of brenin
= king) + soft mutaiton + (llys
= court) > *brenhín-lys
> brenhinllys
:_______________________________
.
brenhinol
‹bre
NHI nol› (adjective)
1
royal
2
llynges frenhinol royal
navy
ETYMOLOGY: (brenhin- penultform of brenin = king) + (ol = adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________
.
brenin,
PLURAL:
brenhinoedd
‹BRE
nin, bre NHI nodh› (masculine
noun)
1
king
brenin
yr anifeiliaid the king of beasts, the
king of the animals, the lion
2
(chess) king
:_______________________________ .
breniniaethwr
‹bre-nin-
yei -thur› m
masculine noun
PLURAL
breniniaethwyr
‹bre-nin-
yeith -wir›
1
royalist = supporter of the monarchy as a
political system
ETYMOLOGY: (breniniaeth-,
< brenhiniaeth =
monarchy) + (-wr suffix
= 'man')
:_______________________________
.
brest,
PLURAL:
brestiau ‹BREST,
BREST ye› (feminine
noun)
1
breast
y frest =
the breast
:_______________________________
.
bresychen,
PLURAL:
bresych ‹bre
SƏ khen, BRE sikh› (feminine
noun)
1
cabbage
y
fresychen = the
cabbage
:_______________________________
.
brethyn
‹BRE
thin› (masculine
noun)
1
cloth
:_______________________________
.
brethyn
cartref ‹bre
thin KAR tre› (masculine
noun)
1
homespun cloth
ETYMOLOGY:
literally ‘home cloth’ (brethyn
= cloth) + (cartref
= home) :_______________________________
.
breuddwyd,
PLURAL:
breuddwydion <BREI-dhuid,
brei-DHUID-yon>
[ˡbrəɪðʊɪd,
brəɪˡðʊɪdjɔn]
(feminine noun)
1
dream
y freuddwyd
the
dream
:_______________________________ .
breuddwyd
gwrach <brei-dhuid
GWRAAKH>
[brəɪðʊɪd
ˡgwrɑːx]
(feminine noun)
1
wishful thinking ('dream of a witch')
From
the fuller phrase
Breuddwyd
gwrach yn ôl ei hewyllwys wishful
thinking “(the) dream (of) (a) witch according-to her will”
Ai breuddwyd gwrach neu nod
realistig yw hyn? Is this wishful
thinking or a realistic goal?
:_______________________________
.
Breuddwyd
Macsen Wledig ‹BREI
dhuid MAK sen WLE dig› (masculine
noun)
1
The Dream of Macsen Wledig (from the Tales of the
Mabinogi)
:_______________________________ .
Breuddwyd
Rhonabwy ‹BREI
dhuid rho NA bui› (masculine
noun)
1
The Dream of Rhonabwy
(from the Tales of the
Mabinogi)
:_______________________________
.
breuddwydio
‹brei
DHUID yo› (verb)
1
to dream
breuddwydio
am fod yn feddyg dreaming
about being a doctor
freuddwydiais
i erioed y byddwn ryw ddydd yn aelod o’r
Orsedd I
never dreamt that one day I’d be a member of the
Gorsedd
:_______________________________
.
breuddwydiwr,
PLURAL:
breuddwydwyr ‹brei
DHUID yur, brei DHUID wir›
(masculine noun)
1
dreamer
:_______________________________
.
breweddu
‹brə-
wê -dhi› verb
1
(South-east Wales) See berweddu
(to brew)
:_______________________________
.
bri
‹BRII›
(masculine noun)
1
renown
2
Compare difrifol (=
serious) < (difrif =
seriousness) + (-ol suffix)
mewn difrif in
all seriousness (“in + seriousness”)
The word
difrif is
from difri, which
formerly meant “dishonor / dishonour”.
(di
= privative prefix, ‘without’) + soft
mutation + (bri =
honor / honour )
1) The final f
is a later addition. Most likely this is under the
influence of many polysyllabic words with final ‹v›
-f which is lost
colloquially. This -f is
retained however in the written language
Examples: cynta’
(= first), ola’
(= last), bydda’
(= I shall be), written in standard Welsh as
cyntaf, olaf, byddaf
There
are a couple of other words in Welsh with an inorganic f
- these are
1/ hunllef (= nightmare),
2/ hyf (= insolent)
These are more correctly hunlle, hy.
As
with difri,
the -f has
been ‘restored’ though in fact it was never there in the
first place.
Difri has
equivalents in the two other British languages: Cornish deffri
(= indeed), Breton devri
(= seriously)
:_______________________________
.
Briafael
‹bri-a-vel›
masculine noun
1
(obsolete) man's name
2
name of a Welsh evangelist or “saint”
of the early Church.
3 *Llanfriafael
(not attested, thus not genuine)
A
likely Welsh form of the place name St. Briavels (Gloucestershire)
SS5504
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/521396
map
(delwedd
7495)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh Briáfael
< *Briafáil
< *Brigho-vaghl
< British *Brigo-magl-os,
as in modern Welsh bri (=
respect, esteem), corresponding to Irish brí
(= strength, valour); and the element mael
found in various male forenames (= great man,
leader, chief), related to Latin magnus
(= great)
NOTE: The short form of Briáfael
is Brïog (first
syllable Bri-,
+ diminutive suffix -og).
Briog occurs in Breton as Brieug
From
this is derived Tyfrïog
(ty- =
your, ‘thy’, used in older Welsh as a prefix to form
hypochoristics) + (Brïog).
Tyfrïog occurs
in the the place name Llandyfrïog.
:_______________________________
.
briallen
‹bri-a-lhen›
feminine noun
PLURAL
briallu
‹bri-a-lhi›
1
(Primula vulgaris) cowslip
y
friallen = the cowslip
2
Maesbriallu (“field
(of) primroses”, primrose field)
Street name in
..a/
Caerffili (“Maes Briallu”)
..b/ Llansamlet, county of
Abertawe (“Maes Briallu”)
ETYMOLOGY: (unknown)
NOTE: (South Wales) brielli,
mierlli; county of Penfro
brigelli
:_______________________________
.
bric
‹brik›
masculine noun
PLURAL
brics, briciau
‹briks,
brik-ye›
1
brick
2
clai brics (masculine
noun), brick clay = clay for making bricks, containing clay and
iron
3
gosod brics bricklaying
(“laying (of) bricks”)
4
ffwrn frics (feminine
noun), plural ffyrnau brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
5
gwaith brics (masculine
noun), plural gweithiau brics
brickworks, a place for making bricks
(“work / factory {of} bricks”)
6
odyn frics (feminine
noun), plural odynau brics
brick kiln = a kiln for making bricks
7
tŷ brics (masculine
noun), plural tai brics brick
house, a house made of bricks
wal
frics (feminine noun), plural waliau
brics or welydd
brics brick wall, a wall made of
bricks
ETYMOLOGY: from English brick
< French brique,
from a Germanic word related to English to
break
:_______________________________
.
bric-a-brac
‹brik
-a-brak› masculine
noun
1
bric-a-brac = small objects collected as
ornaments, or for their antiquarian character, or for sentimental
reasons
Daeth i mewn â bocs
llawn bric-a-brac or atig She came in
with a box full of bric-a-brac from the attic
ETYMOLOGY: from
English bric-a-brac <
French bric à brac “at
random”
:_______________________________ .
bricét
‹bri
-ket› masculine
noun
PLURAL bricets
‹bri
-kets›
1
briquette = type of fuel, small block of
compressed coal dust
ETYMOLOGY: from English briquette
< French
briquette
:_______________________________
.
brici
‹bri
-ki› masculine
noun
PLURAL bricis
‹bri
-kis›
1
colloquial, Englishism brickie,
bricklayer (standard Welsh = briciwr)
ETYMOLOGY:
from English brickie,
diminutive form of bricklayer
:_______________________________ .
bricio
‹brik
-yo› verb
with an object
1
to brick = face with bricks (e.g. concrete
wall)
2
to brick = line with bricks (e.g. kiln)
3
to brick up = fill with bricks; bricio
ffenestr = to brick up a
window
ETYMOLOGY: (bric
= brick) + (-io)
NOTE:
In South Wales the usual form is brico
(In the South -o
generally replaces final
-io)
:_______________________________
.
bricsen,
PLURAL:
brics ‹BRIK
sen, BRIKS› (feminine
noun)
1
brick
y fricsen =
the brick
:_______________________________ .
Bríd
‹briid›
feminine noun
1
Irish goddess of fire, fertility, agriculture
2
The second patron saint of Ireland, after Pádraig.
She is said to have been born in Lú (453-523) (ie around
Pádraig's time) Feast day: 1
February
:_______________________________
.
brifo
‹BRI
vo› (verb)
1
to hurt
:_______________________________
.
brig,
PLURAL:
brigau ‹BRIIG,
BRI ge› (masculine
noun)
1
top
2
ar frig ton on
the crest of a wave
ar frig y don
on the crest of the wave
glo
brig (“top coal”) surface
coal
gwaith glo brig
(“(a) work (of) surface coal”)
open-cast coal mine, (USA: strip mine, open pit mine)
2 brigog
(adj) (qv - quod
vidē
-
which see) branchy
:_______________________________
.
brigâd
‹bri-gaad›
feminine noun
PLURAL
brigadau
‹bri-gâ-de›
1
brigade = troops (such as a group of regiments)
under a general officer
y frigâd
= the brigade
2
brigade = group of people organised for a specific
task
brigâd dân
fire brigade = squad of firemen
ETYMOLOGY:
brigâd <
English brigade <
French < Old Italian brigata
(= troops) < brigare
(= to fight)
:_______________________________
.
brigâd
dân ‹bri-gaad
daan› feminine
noun
PLURAL brigadau
tân ‹bri-gâ-de
taan›
1
brigâd dân (Englandic:
fire brigade; USA: fire department) = a squad of firemen
y
frigâd dân leol the local
fire brigade
ETYMOLOGY:
translation of Englandic ‘fire brigade’; (brigâd
= brigade) + soft mutation + (tân
= fire)
:_______________________________
.
brigadydd
‹bri-gâ-didh›
masculine noun
PLURAL
brigadwyr
‹bri-gad-wir›
1
(Englandic: brigadier) (American: brigadier
general)
(.a) rank between colonel and major general;
(.b)
general officer who commands a brigade
ETYMOLOGY: (brigâd
= brigade) + (-ydd
= suffix to indicate a
person)
:_______________________________ .
brigdrawst
‹brig
-draust› m
PLURAL brigdrawstiau
‹brig-
draust -ye›
1
catwalk, walkway; = pathway high above a stage, or
connecting buildings across a street
2
catwalk = platform along which models walk in a
fashion show
Bu sêr rygbi
Cymru yn cerdded y brigdrawst yn sioe ffasiwn Tenovus yn Llanelli yn
ystod yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol
The
stars of Welsh rugby walked along the catwalk in the Tenovus fashion
show in the National Eisteddfod in Llanelli
ETYMOLOGY: ‘top
beam’ (brig =
top) + soft mutation + (trawst
= beam)
:_______________________________
.
brigog
‹BRII-gog›
(adj)
1
branchy, spreading
Salmau 37:35 Gwelais
yr annuwiol yn gadarn, ac yn frigog fel y llawryf gwyrdd.
Psalms 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great
power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.
o
dan y gastanwydden frigog under the
spreading chestnut tree
(Y)
Prenbrigog SJ2664 “(the)
spreading tree” name of a farm at Bwcle, Y
Fflint
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ2664
2
(cereal) bearing many ears
3 (cattle) horned
4 (moumtain) peaked
12-02-1891 Y Cymro
Mynyddoedd brigog a
nentydd dyfnion Arfon the
peaked mountains and deep valleys of Arfon
ETYMOLOGY:
(brig =
topmost branches, tree top; summit, top) + (-og
adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________ .
brigwellt
‹brig-welht›
m
PLURAL brigwelltydd
‹brig-WE-tidh›
1
hair grass
Brigwellt-y-coed
farm name “(the) hair grass (by)
the wood” (Nant-y-caws,
Caerfyrddin)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/208944
ETYMOLOGY:
(brig =
top, crest) + soft mutation + (gwellt =
grass)
:_______________________________ .
brigwyn
‹brig
-win› adjective
1
(wave) white-crested, white-topped
tonnau
brigwyn white-crested waves
Eifion
Wyn – Telynegion Maes a Môr
Heibio'r
greiglan dacw hi
Yn diflannu yn yr ewyn --
Clywais fref, a
chlywais gri,
A bu'r don yn fwyfwy brigwyn.
Past
the cliff there it is (here the poem refers to a lamb which has
fallen into the sea)
Disappearing in the foam
I heard a bleat,
I heard a cry
And the sea was more and more white-crested
Yr
Haul, 1807
uwch
berw brigwyn
y tônau (= tonnau) above
the white-crested turmoil of the waves
Trysorfa
y Plant 1827
ar y tônau (= tonnau) brigwyn on the white-crested waves
2
(beer) white-topped, with a white head, with foam on top
3
white-haired (from age)
4
(masculine noun) (North Wales) surf on a rough sea
Brigwyn
house name in Pen-y-bryn, Nefyn, county of Gwynedd
5
(masculine noun) (North Wales) a type of white
mountain moss
Mae hanner ddeheuol y
safle yn wlyb ac yn gorsiog, gyda hesg, brwyn a brigwyn.
The
southern half of the site is wet and boggy, with sedge, rushes and
“brigwyn” moss
ETYMOLOGY: (brig
= top, crest) + soft mutation + (gwyn
= white)
:_______________________________
.
brigyn,
PLURAL:
brigau
‹BRII
gin, BRII -gai, -ge› (masculine
noun)
1
twig
Bydd y
dail wedi’u trefnu bob yn ail ar y brigyn
The
leaves are arranged alternately on the
twig
:_______________________________
.
brith
‹BRIITH›
(adjective)
Feminine
form: braith
1
speckled
bara
brith (“speckled bread”)
Welsh spicy currant loaf
2
in names of certain birds / animals
cnocell
fraith fwyaf (Dendrocopos major) lesser
spotted woodpecker
cnocell fraith
leiaf (Dendrocopos minor) lesser
spotted woodpecker
arth fraith grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)
llyn fraith (in a river) mottled pool, dappled pool
a/ LLYN-FRAITH
(the motley lake.) A place in the river Taff at Whitchurch (1760.)
(John Hobson Matthews. Vol. 5. 1905. Cardiff Records.
b/ Pont y Llyn Fraith name of a bridge (?over the Sirhywi river) (the bridge by the dappled river-pool”). The village name Pont-llan-fraith is from a house situated here, Pen-pont-y-llyn-fraith ((at the) end (of) (the) bridge (by) the dappled river-pool”). The element ‘llyn’ was replaced mistakenly by ‘llan’ (= church) at some point.
:_______________________________
.
brithdir
‹brith
-dir› masculine
noun
PLURAL brithdiroedd
‹brith-
di -rodh›
1
land of uneven quality / medium quality / average
quality; land with mixed soils
2
clayey soil
ETYMOLOGY: (brith
= mixed) + soft mutation + (tir=
land)
It is found
as a place name thoughout Wales - see below
See
below Brithdir i fuwch a chrasdir i
ddafad.
See in the rest of the
dictionary Gwaelodybrithdir
:_______________________________
.
Y
Brithdir ‹ə
brith -dir› -
1
SO1401farm and
locality in Tredegar Newydd
(in the Rhymni valley, county of
Caerffili)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1401
map
2
SJ1902 lmansion
near Llanfyllin in the district of Trefaldwyn
(county of Powys)
“Brithdir Hall” on the map; = ?Plas
y Brithdir
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1902
map
3
SH7718 locality
near Dolgellau in the district of Meirionnydd
(county of Gwynedd)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/450666
map
:_______________________________
.
Brithdir
ac Islaw'r-dref ‹brith-dir
aag is laur dreev› -
1
SH7717 parish
near Dolgellau in the district of Meirionnydd
(county of Gwynedd);
population
1961: 878; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 69%
ETYMOLOGY:
(brithdir =
mixed land) + (ac =
and, form of a used
before a vowel) + (islaw'r dref
= below the
trêv)
:_______________________________ .
Brithdir
i fuwch a chrasdir i ddafad ‹brith-dir
i viukh a khras-dir i dhâ-vad›
1
(a saying) 'wettish clayey soil for a cow, and dry
soil for a sheep'
Walter
Davies / General
View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South Wales /
1814: Brithdir, such as the clayey soils of the flag-lias tract, are
very productive of cheese and butter; ‘brithdir
i fuwch a chrasdir i ddafad’,
i.e. a
rushy, strong soil for the cow, and a sharp dry soil for the
ewe
ETYMOLOGY: (brithdir
= mixed land), (buwch
= cow), (crasdir
= parched land), (dafad
= sheep)
:_______________________________
.
brithedd
‹brî
-thedh› masculine
noun
1
speckledness
ETYMOLOGY: (brith
= speckled, mixed) + (-edd
suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________ .
brithfelyn
‹brith-
ve -lin› adjective
1
(horse) dapple bay
ETYMOLOGY: (brith
= speckled, dappled) + soft mutation + (melyn
= yellow)
:_______________________________
.
brithlas
‹brith
-las› adjective
1
dapple-grey; with a grey skin marked with
irregular spots
caseg frithlas
= dapple-grey mare
ETYMOLOGY: (brith
= dappled) + soft mutation + (glas
= grey / blue /
green)
:_______________________________ .
brithlaw
‹brith
-lau› masculine
noun
1
drizzle
ETYMOLOGY: (brith
= speckled) + soft mutation + (glaw
= rain)
:_______________________________
.
brithlen
‹brith
-len› feminine
noun
PLURAL brithlenni
‹brith-le-ni›
1
(A
literary word) tapestry
(normally tápestri
masculine noun) y
frithlen = the tapestry
ETYMOLOGY:
(brith =
speckled) + soft mutation + (llen
= cloth)
:_______________________________
.
brithliw
‹brith
-liu› adjective
1
variegated, motley; (USA: pepper-and-salt)
(Englandic: salt-and-pepper) = dark but flecked with white;
white-flecked
Yr oedd ganddo farf
laes, frithliw he had a long
white-flecked beard
ETYMOLOGY: (brith
= speckled) + soft mutation + (lliw
= color /
colour)
:_______________________________
.
brithwaith
<BRITH-waith>
[ˡbrɪθwaɪθ]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brithweithiau
<brith-WEITH-yai,
-e>
[brɪθˡwəɪθjaɪ,
-ɛ]
also:
mosäig masculine
noun 1
mosaic = design made up of inlaid pieces of
coloured glass or stone
ETYMOLOGY: (brith
= speckled) + soft mutation + (gwaith
= work)
:_______________________________
.
brithweithio
<brith-WEITH-yo>
[brɪθˡwəɪθjɔ]
verb
1
tessellate, make a mosaic
ETYMOLOGY:
(brithwaith =
mosaic) + (-io =
verbal suffix)
:_______________________________
.
brithweithiol
<brith-WEITH-yol>
[brɪθˡwəɪθjɔl]
adjective
1
made with or from mosaic
llawr
brithweithiol mosaic floor
2
mosaic = resembling a mosaic
ETYMOLOGY:
(brithwaith =
mosaic) + (-iol =
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________
.
brithweithiwr
<brith-WEITH-yur>
[brɪθˡwəɪθjʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brithweithwyr
<brith-WEITH-wir>
[brɪθˡwəɪθwɪr]
1
mosaicist, person who makes mosaics
ETYMOLOGY:
(brithwaith =
mosaic) + (-i-wr =
suffix for forming nouns to indcate an agebt,
'man')
:_______________________________ .
brithyll,
PLURAL:
brithyllod <BRII-thilh,
bri-THƏ-lhod>
[ˡbriˑθɪɬ,
brɪˡθəɬɔd]
(masculine noun)
1
trout
2
brithyll y dom <BRII-thilh
ə DOM>
[ˡbriˑθɪɬ
ə ˡdɔm]
stickleback
(“(the) trout
(of) the dung” is the literal sense, though it is probably a
distortion of another expression)
3
brithyll seithliw
(Salmo
gairdneri) rainbow trout (“trout
of seven colours”)
4
pysgodfa frithyllod trout
fishery (rather than the less correct pysgodfa
frithyll, or pysgodfa
brithyllod)
5
mor llon
â brithyll as
happy as can be (“as merry as a trout”). In Scottish
(Gaelic) there appears the same idiom: “Cho sona ri caibheanach
ann an sruth” (= as happy as a trout in a stream)
ETYMOLOGY: Contains the element brych (speckled); Welsh brithyll < British *brikt-ill
Other Brythonic languages: Cornish brithell, Breton brezhell
Hibernian languages: Irish breac (= trout), Scottish Gaelic breac (= trout),
Cf the English word brill (=Scophthalmus rhombus, a flatfish of the family Bothidae) which is apparently (1400+) from Cornish brŷthell (= mackerel), equivalent to Welsh brithyll (= trout).
:_______________________________
.
briwgig
<BRIU-gig>
[ˡbrɪʊgɪg]
masculine noun
1
(American: hamburger meat) (Englandic: mince )
ETYMOLOGY: (briw =
chopped, minced ) + soft mutation + (cig
= meat)
:_______________________________
.
briwllyd
<BRIU-lhid>
[ˡbrɪʊɬɪd]
adjective
1
(South Wales) (bread) crumbly
ETYMOLOGY:
(briw =
fragments) + (-llyd
adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________
.
briwsiona
<briu-SHO-na>
[brɪʊˡʃɔna]
(verb)
1
crumble, make
crumbs
:_______________________________
.
briwsioni
<briu-SHO-ni>
[brɪʊˡʃɔnɪ]
(verb)
1
crumble, make
crumbs
:_______________________________ .
briwsionllyd
<briu-SHON-lhid>
[brɪʊˡʃɔnɬɪd]
adjective
1
(bread) crumbly
ETYMOLOGY: (briwsion
= crumbs) + (-llyd
adjectival
suffix)
:_______________________________ .
briwsionyn,
PLURAL:
briwsion <briu-SHOO-nin,
BRIU-shon>
[brɪʊˡʃoˑnɪn,
ˡbrɪʊʃɔn]
(masculine noun)
1
crumb
:_______________________________
.
bro,
PLURAL:
bröydd <BROO,
BROO-idh> [broː,
ˡbroˑɪð]
(feminine noun)
With the definite
article: y fro
1
vale, lowland
Bro
Morgannwg “(the) lowland (of)
Morgannwg”. Now the name of one of the 22 counties of Wales.
The counterpart of this coastal area is Blaenau Morgannwg “(the)
highland (of) Morgannwg”.
Y
Fro short name for Bro
Morgannwg (“the lowland”)
(y definite
article) + soft mutation + (bro =
lowland)
(delwedd
7493)
2 Y Fro Farm
SO3826 near Rowlestone, Herefordshire (it occurs on the map in
English spelling, as “Vroe”). On the flat ground by the
confluence of “Cwm Brook” (?Nant
y Cwm) and Afon Mynwy
Y
Fro SN5256 Farm in Ystradaeron
(Ceredigion) in the parish of Llanfihangel Ystrad, on flat valley
land (ystrad)
below the upland of the
parish
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/828464
Ystradaeron
3 district
bro
enedigol native area
Ymadawaodd
â’i fro enedigol yn llanc deunaw oed He
left his native area as an eighteen-year-old youth
Fe
synnwyd yr holl fro gyda'r newydd drwg The
whole district was taken aback by the bad news
bro
ei febyd the district of his boyhood,
his native district
ddyn na chollodd
erioed ei gysylltiad â bro ei febyd a
man who never once lost contact with the district of his boyhood
Un
o fro Colwyn oedd She was from the
Colwyn district
coleg bro
community college
ysbyty
bro community hospital
llyfrgell
fro community library
cyngor
bro community council
4
district = area surrounding a
specified place
5 district (especially in invented names to designate the area of an eisteddfod, society, school, etc; often defined by reference to a river, lake (Bro Aled, Bro Machno, Bro Ogwr, Bro Tegid), or a personage (Bro Dafydd), or reference to a settlement (Bro Madog – from Porthmadog (= port (of) Madog’) and Tremadog (= town (of) Madog’))
Eisteddfod
Genedlaethol Cymru, Aber-gwaun a'r Fro 2-9 Awst 1986
National
Eisteddfod of Wales, Aber-gwaun (Fishguard) and district (“and
the district”), 2-9 August 1986
bro’r
Eisteddfod the area in which an
eisteddfod is held
Yr
arfer ydoedd peidio ag urddo neb o fro’r Eisteddfod ym Mhrifwyl
y fro honno (ac eithrio enillwyr y prif wobrau a’r rhai a
lwyddodd yn yr arholiadau). Yn y Brifwyl ddilynol, fel arfer, yr
urddid pawb o fro Eisteddfod y flwyddyn gynt.’ Erbyn hyn, nid
yw’r arfer hwnnw’n bod Cymro
05 01 2002 The practice was not to give an honour to anyone from the
district of the Eisteddfod in the Eisteddfod held in that place
(except for winners of the main prize and those who passed the
examinations). In the following National Eisteddfod, usually,
everybody from the district of the Eisteddfod the previius year was
given an honour. Nowadays this practice is no more.
6
papur bro community newspaper, local
newspaper (usually produced monthly by volunteers) written entirely
in Welsh serving a defined community ("paper (of the)
district")
Y Tincer - papur bro
Genau'r Glyn, Melindwr, Tirymynach, Trefeurig a'r Borth
"Y
Tincer" (the tinker) - the district newspaper of Genau'r Glyn,
Melindwr, Tirymynach, Trefeurig and Y Borth
7
gwenfro (obsolete)
fair land; paradise
SJ3050 Afon
Gwenfro = river in the town of Wrecsam,
north-east Wales
(gwen =
feminine form of gwyn =
white, fair, pleasant) + soft mutation + (bro
= district)
8 heartland = central part of a
country; part
of a country which is of vital improtance (seat of traditions,
language, history, etc)
Y Fro
Gymraeg The Welsh heartland, the
Welsh-speaking area
Y Fro Wyddeleg
(“the Irish(-language) district”)
9 one's native heath
= one's locality
10 bro a bryniau
hill and dale (lit: lowland and hills)
Dewch drigolion bro a bryniau (First line of the
folk song Y Mochyn Du “the black pig”)
Come [ye]
inhabitants [of] [the] lowland and [the] hills
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh bro < *brogh British
*brog- < Common
Celtic *mrog-
From
the same British root:
Cornish bro
(= country),
Breton bro
(= country),
From
the same Common Celtic root:
Irish brú
(= brink); also bruach
(= bank, brink);
Scottish [Gaelic]
bruach (=
bank, edge)
From the same
Indoeuropean root: Latin
margô (=
margin), Catalan marge (=
margin).
English
(< Latin) margin English
(< Germanic) march (=
boundary). Cf
Old Norse mörk (=
boundary land)
See Brodawel, Bro
Aled, Bro Dafydd, Bro-deg, Brogynin, Bro-hedd, Bro Machno, Bro Ogwen,
Bro Ogwr, Bro’r Cymry, Bro
Tegid
:_______________________________
.
Bro Aber
<broo
AA-ber> [
broː ɑˑbɛr]
1
House name
2 Name of a hymn tune
ETYMOLOGY: Either bro
yr aber “(the) country (of) the
estuary”, or “bro (yr) Aber”, referring to a town
which has Aber as the first element “(the) country / (the)
district (of) Aberystwyth, Aberaeron / Aberteifi / Aber-gwaun,
etc)
(bro =
district) + (Aled river
name)
:_______________________________ .
Bro
Aled <broo
AA-led> [
broː ɑˑlɛd]
feminine noun
1
the Llansannan area, district around the river
Aled
Eisteddfod Bro Aled,
Llansannan, Dydd Sadwrn Hydref 20fed 2001
Eisteddfod
of Bro Aled, (in the village of) Llansannan, 20 October 2001
ETYMOLOGY: “Aled Country”, “Aled Land”
(bro =
district) + (Aled river
name)
:_______________________________ .
broch
<BROOKH
> [broːx]
masculine noun
1
badger
Olde Cheshire Dialecte. brock: badger
cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm (no longer functionint 07-07-2016)
:_______________________________
.
Brochfael
<BROKH-vail,
BROKH-vel>
[ˡbrɔxvaɪl,
ˡbrɔxvɛl]
masculine noun
1
man's name
2
Brochfael Ysgithrog (ysgithrog
= having projecting teeth, having sticky-out
teeth.)
His sons were saint
Tysilio (died 662), and Cadell, king of Powys
3
Pwllbrochfael SO5301
“Brochfael’s pool” village on the eastern bank of
the river Gwy,
in England, 8km north of the town of Cas-gwent. English name:
Brockweir
(The Welsh form was
surely locally Pwllbrochfa’l since south-eastern final ae
is a)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/56244
map
(delwedd
7495)
4
Llannerchrochwel SJ1910
farm 4km north-west of Y Trallwng (county of Powys).
This is llannerch Frochfael
“the clearing of Brochfael”.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SJ1910
map
..a/ Brochfael
> Brochfel
(typical reduction of final ae
> e)
..b/ Brochfel >
Brochwel (the
change <v>
[v]
> <w>
[w]
occurs in other words in Welsh. See w)
..c/
llannerch Frochwel there
is soft mutation of personal names after a feminine noun in older
Welsh
..d/ llannerch ’Rochwel
the difficult combination of consonants ch-f-r
has led to simplification, and the
<v>
[v]
has disappeared
ETYMOLOGY:
Brochfael (broch
= tumult) + soft mutation + (mael
= leader)
In fact it would be pre-Welsh, i.e.
British, from the compound
Brokko-maglo-s
:_______________________________
.
brócoli
<BRO-ko-li>
[ˡbrɔkɔlɪ]
masculine noun
1
broccoli = kind of cauliflower
brócoli'r
gaeaf winter broccoli
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh brócoli <
English broccoli <
Italian broccoli (=
little sprouts), plural of broccolo, a
diminutive form of brocco (=
sprout)
:_______________________________ .
Bro
Dafydd <broo
DAA-vidh> [broː
ˡdɑˑvɪð]
1
“Dafydd ap Gwilym Country”
Côr
Bro Dafydd choir of “Bro Dafydd”;
name of a women's choir (1988) in the vicinity of Penrhyn-coch, the
birthplace of Dafydd ap Gwilym, poet (1320-1370)
ETYMOLOGY:
“(the) district (of) Dafydd [ap Gwilym]” (bro
= district, country) + (Dafydd)
(delwedd
7494)
:_______________________________
.
Brodawel
<broo
DAU-el> [broː
ˡdaʊɛl]
1
Street name.
a) (spelt as “Brodawel”)
street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of Caerfyrddin /
Carmarthen); also Cimla (Castell-nedd); Maes-teg; Aber-dâr.
b)
(spelt as “Bro Dawel”) street name in various places:
Tremeirchion (Llanelwy), Llangyfelach (Abertawe), Porthaethwy (Ynys
Môn),
2 House name
(a) (spelt as “Brodawel”) a residential home in Ene’r-glyn, Caerffili; camping site in Porth-cawl (Bro Morgannwg); House namne in Aberdyfi / Y Ceinewydd / Aber-arth.
(b) (spelt as “Bro
Dawel”) A house name.
ETYMOLOGY: bro
dawel “tranquil area” (bro
= area, district) +
soft mutation + (tawel
= quiet, tranquil, calm)
:_______________________________
.
Bro-deg
<broo
DEEG> [broː
ˡdeːg]
1
street name in Rhuthin (county of Dinbych /
Denbigh) (“Bro Deg”)
2 street name in Aber-dâr
(Rhondda Cynon Taf)
ETYMOLOGY: bro
deg “fair district”, “fair
country” (bro
= area, district) +
soft mutation + (teg
= fair, bonnie)
:_______________________________
.
brodio <BROD-yo>
[ˡbrɔdjɔ]
(verb)
1
embroider
:_______________________________ .
brodorol
<bro-DOO-rol>
[brɔˡdoˑrɔl]
adjective
1
indigenous
2
y Cymry brodorol
the native Welsh (as distinct from
Welsh immigrants from other parts of Wales, or English immigrants)
3
iaith frodorol native
language
4
native = of one's birth
Y
mae Eirinwg yn wlad frodorol un o'r rhai mwyaf enwog o'r Seintiau
Cymreig, sef Dyfrig Sant.
Eirinwg
is the native country of one of the most famous of the Welsh saints,
namely Saint Dyfrig
(Eirinwg, cylchgrawn Cymru 1915)
ETYMOLOGY:
(brodor = native)
+ (-ol suffix
for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________
.
brodwaith
<BROD-waith>
[ˡbrɔdwaɪθ]
(masculine noun)
1
embroidery
ETYMOLOGY:
(brod-, stem
of the verb brodio =
to embroider) + (-io verb
suffix) :_______________________________ .
brodyr
<BROO-dir>
[ˡbroˑdɪr]
1
brothers; plural form of brawd
(= brother,
friar)
:_______________________________ .
broetsh
<broich>
[brɔɪʧ]
feminine noun
PLURAL
broetshis
<BROI-chis>
[ˡbrɔɪʧɪs]
1
brooch
y froetsh
= the brooch
ETYMOLOGY:
English brooch <
French broche <
Vulgar Latin *broca <
Latin brochus (=
projecting)
:_______________________________ .
broga
<BROO-ga>
[ˡbroˑga]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brogaod, brogáid,
brogáed <bro-GAA-od,
bro-GAID, bro-GAID>
[brɔˡgɑˑɔd,
brɔˡgaɪd, brɔˡgaɪd]
1
(South Wales) common frog Rana
temporaria
(delwedd
7213)
broga du dark
frog
broga melyn yellow
frog
bwyd y broga
(Ceredigion) mushroom (“food of the frog”)
grifft broga
frogspawn
mor
ddifater â broga melyn bach as
indifferent / unconcerend as a little yellow frog
2
types of frog
..1/ broga
bwytadwy or llyffant
bwytadwy (Rana escuelenta) edible
frog
..2/ broga’r dŵr or
llyffant y dŵr (Rana
lessonae) pool frog
..3/ broga’r
gors or llyffant
y gors (Rana ridibunda) marsh frog
3
There is a farm called Pwllyfroga
south of Cilái Uchaf, Abertawe: (the) pool
(of) the frog (retaining the original form froga
before this was rationalised into broga,
see etymology below.
Unlikely to be an instance of broga
as a feminine noun, with the usual soft mutation
after the definite article)
ETYMOLOGY: broga
< froga
< dialectal Middle English vrogge
< frogge.
Cf German der Frosch
(= the frog)
(1) In south-west England initial
<f>
[f]
> <v>
[v]
(2)
In Welsh, the initial <v>
[v]
was
treated as a consonant with soft mutation, and a radical form with
“b” came about – i.e. froga
was replaced by broga
NOTE:
(1) also ffroga (i.e.
with <f>
[f])
< English frogge
(2)
North Wales has llyffant melyn
:_______________________________ .
brogar
<BROO-gar>
[ˡbroˑgar]
adjective
1
loving one's district, having affection for one's
native place, attached to one's home area
ETYMOLOGY: (brogar
= fond of one’s home area) +
(-gar, suffix
= ‘showing love for, having love for’). The notional
basis of the word brogarwch .
If brogar is
in use (I have no examples of it) it is in fact taken from brogarwch
with the subtraction of the noun suffix
:_______________________________ .
brogarwch
<bro-GAA-rukh>
[brɔˡgɑˑrʊx]
masculine noun
1
love of one's district, affection for one's native
place, attachment to one's home area
ETYMOLOGY: A word first
noted in 1912, according to Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (University of
Wales Dictionary); (brogar =
fond of one’s home area) + (-wch,
suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________ .
Brogynin
<broo
GƏ-nin>
[broː
ˡgənɪn]
1
(SN6684) farm in Trefeurig (county of Ceredigion),
north-west of Goginan. Birthplace of poet Dafydd ap Gwilym (fl.
1340-1370).
2 House name (as “Bro Gynin”) in
Aberystwyth (county of Ceredigion) (in the list of members in “The
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 /
Part 1)
ETYMOLOGY: apparently “district of Cynin”
(bro =
district; lowland) + soft mutation + (Cynin).
This male personal name also occurs in Caerfyrddin county where there
is Llangynin (“church
of (saint) Cynin”)
:_______________________________
.
Bro-hedd
<broo
HEEDH> [broː
ˡheːð]
1
House name in Ponciau (county of Wrecsam)
(in
the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable
Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (as “Bro Hedd”)
ETYMOLOGY: “district (of) peace” (bro
= district) + (hedd
= peace)
:_______________________________
.
brolgar
<BROL-gar>
[ˡbrɔlgar]
(adjective)
1
boastful
:_______________________________
.
brolgi,
PLURAL:
brolgwn
<BROL-gi,
BROL-gun>
[ˡbrɔlgɪ,
ˡbrɔlgʊn]
(masculine noun)
1
boaster ETYMOLOGY: (brol-
stem of brolio =
to brag) land (of) peace” (bro
= district) + (hedd
= peace) :_______________________________
.
broli, PLURAL:
brolis <BRO-li,
BRO-liz>
[ˡbrɔlɪ,
ˡbrɔlɪz]
(masculine noun)
1
brolly, umbrella
:_______________________________
.
brolian
<BROL-yan>
[ˡbrɔljan]
(verb)
1
to boast
:_______________________________
.
brolio
<BROL-yo>
[ˡbrɔljɔ]
(verb)
1
to boast
2
ei frolio ei hun <i
VROL-yo i HIIN>
[ɪ
ˡvrɔljɔ ɪ ˡhiːn]
show off
:_______________________________
.
broliwr,
PLURAL:
brolwyr
<BROL-yur,
BROL-wir>
[ˡbrɔljʊr,
ˡbrɔlwɪr]
(masculine noun)
1
boaster,
show-off
:_______________________________ .
Bro
Machno <broo
MAKH-no> [broː
ˡmaxnɔ]
1
the district around the Machno river SH8053
(The river rises 4km north-east of
Blaenau Ffestiniog and flows through the hamlet of Cwmpenmachno, down
the valley of Cwm Penmachno and throught the village of Penmachno to
join Afon Conwy
in Betws-y-coed).
One of the sixty seats
on the county council is for the councillor representing “Bro
Machno / Betws-y-coed”.
(delwedd
7459)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/598329
Cwmpenmachno
SH7547
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=315415
Penmachno
SH7950
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/173780
Betws-y-coed SH7956
ETYMOLOGY: (bro
= district) + (Machno
= river name)
:_______________________________
.
Bro Madog
<broo
MAA-dog> [broː
ˡmɑˑdɔg]
1
the district of Porthmadog and Tremadog
Eisteddfod
Bro Madog 1987 The National Eisteddfod,
held in Porthmadog in 1987
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) district (of)
(Porth) Madog (and Tremadog)”
(bro
= district) +
(Madog)
NOTE:
Tremadog (Gwynedd).
Originally spelt Tremadoc. A small planned town built by William
Alexander Madocks after he had purchased the land here in 1798. He
had been brought up in London but was from a Sir Ddinbych /
Denbighshire family.
Tremadoc
“(the) town (of) Madoc”
(tre =
town) + (Madoc).
Porthmadog
(originally Portmadoc) came into existence around 1811 after the
completion of Y Còb and the reclamation of Y Traeth
Mawr.
Although the name could be said to be an anglicised form
based on Welsh Porthmadog (indeed,
the present name) Porthmadog “(the)
port (of) Madog” (porth
= port) + (Madoc),
it may be modelled on the anglicised name of Porteinon in the Gŵyr
Peninsula in South Wales (Welsh: Portheinon), where Einon is a male
forename; Similar forms are anglicised Manx names (Port Erin, Port
St. Mary) or anglicised Scottish names.
:_______________________________
.
bron 1
PLURAL:
bronnau
<BRON,
BRO-nai, -ne>
[brɔn,
ˡbrɔnaɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1
woman's breast
y
fron = the breast
yr
hollt rhwng y bronnau cleavage between
a woman’s breasts
(“the cleavage / split between the
breasts”)
yr agen rhwng y
bronnau cleavage between a woman's
breasts
(“the cleavage / split between the
breasts”)
rhigol y bronnau
cleavage between a woman's breasts
(“the
groove / cleavage (of) the breasts”)
2
bird's breast
bronfraith
thrush (“speckled breast”)
brongoch
robin (“red breast”)
telor
brongoch (Subalpine
Warbler, Sylvia cantillans)
gwybedog
brongoch (Red-breasted
Flycatcher, Ficedula parva)
gylfindew brongoch
(Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus
ludovicianus)
:_______________________________
.
bron 2
PLURAL:
bronnydd
<BRON,
BRO-nidh> [brɔn,
ˡbrɔnɪð]
(feminine noun)
1
breast-shaped hill
y
fron = the hill
2
Heulfron (House
name or street name) sunny hill
heul
fron (heul,
tonic syllable form of haul =
sun) + soft mutation + (bron
= hill)
(There is also an incorrect form
Haulfron commonly
found in such names)
4
Hirfron long
hill
hir fron (hir
= long) + soft mutation + ( bron
= hill)
5 Fron-deg
(“fair hill”) house name
6
lledfron slope
Lledfron SJ1120
farm overlooking Nant Fyllon, 2km north-west of Llanfyllin (Powys)
(lled =
half ) + soft mutation + ( bron
= hill)
:_______________________________
.
bron 3 -
<bron>
[brɔn]
(adverb)
1
almost
bron yn
barod <bron
ən BAA-rod>
[brɔn
ən ˡbɑˑrɔd]
almost ready
2
bu bron i he /
she / it almost...
Bu bron i mi
lewygu I nearly fainted, my heart stood
still
3
byth bron hardly
ever, almost never
Dyw e byth bron
yn smygu He hardly ever smokes
4
bron na... hardly
Bron
na wn i beth i’w wneud I hardly
know what to do
5 bron â
(+ verbnoun) almost
mae
e bron â (+ verbnoun) he is
almost (sometimes simply bron,
with â omitted)
Bu hi bron â pheidio â
dod She almost didn’t come
Bu
e bron â chwympo He nearly fell
Roedd hi bron â disgyn
She nearly fainted / fell
Roedd
hi bron â marw She nearly died
Rw i bron _ ffaelu â symud
I can hardly move ( _ = omitted
word)
(= Rw i bron â ffaelu
â symud)
Roeddwn
i bron â marw o eisiau chwerthin >
oon i bron _ marw ishe hwerthin (
_ = omitted word)
I nearly died trying not to laugh
Mae
bron â bod yn barod It’s
almost ready
Rw i bron â
gorffen y traethawd I’ve almost
finished the thesis
NOTE: (bron
= almost) + (â
= with)
:_______________________________
.
Bron-deg
<bron
DEEG> [brɔn
ˡdeːg]
1
street name in Heolgerrig, Merthyrtudful
2
Parc-bron-deg street
name in Diserth (Conwy) (“Parc Bron Deg”)
parc
Bron-deg “(the) park (of)
Bron-deg”.
ETYMOLOGY: bron
deg “fair hill” (bron
= round hill; woman’s breast) +
soft mutation + (teg
= fair, bonnie)
:_______________________________ .
bronfraith,
PLURAL:
bronfreithiaid <BRON-vraith,
-vreth, bron-VREITH-yaid, -yed>
[ˡbrɔnvraɪθ,
-ɛθ, brɔnˡvrəɪθjaɪd, -ɛd]
(feminine noun)
1
thrush
y
fronfraith = the thrush
ETYMOLOGY:
“speckled breast” (bron
= breast) + soft mutation + (braith,
feminine form of the adjective brith =
speckled)
:_______________________________ .
Bronheulwen
<bron-HEIL-wen>
[brɔnˡhəɪlwɛn]
(feminine noun)
1
Farm name
..a/ SN9285 Near
Llanidloes
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/532338
..b/
SN9478 Farm south of
Cwmbelan
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SN9478
ETYMOLOGY: bron
yr heulwen “(the) hill (of) the
sunshine” (bron =
hill; breast) + (yr definite
article) + (heulwen =
sunshine)
:_______________________________ .
bronnoeth
<BRO-noith,
-noth>
[ˡbrɔnɔɪθ,
-ɔθ]
(adjective)
1
bare-breasted ETYMOLOGY: “bare / naked
breast” (bron =
breast) + (noeth =
bare, naked, unclothed)
:_______________________________
.
bronnog
<BRO-nog>
[ˡbrɔnɔg]
(adjective)
1
having large breasts
ETYMOLOGY: (bronn-
< bron = breast) + (-og
sufix for forming
adjectives)
:_______________________________
.
Bronolau
‹bron
OO-lai, -e›
1
house name
..a/ (spelt as ‘Bronolau’) (former?)
place in Boduan SH3237, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=303762
Boduan
..b/ (spelt as ‘Bronolau’) Adysgrifau'r
Esgob Plwyf Llanfachreth 1823 / Bishop's Transcripts Llanfachreth
1823 Notes the
baptism on Oct 5 1823 of Gwen, daughter of Evan Williams, labourer,
and his wife Mary, of “Bronolau or Ty Newydd Penrhos”
(“Bronolau”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241655
(Lanfachreth SH7522)
..c/ (spelt as ‘Bron
Olau’) house at Rhyd-y-sarn SH6942, Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6942
Rhyd-y-sarn
ETYMOLOGY: "light hill,
sunlit hill” Bronolau < bron
olau (bron
= breast) + soft mutaiton + (golau
= light, clear). Cf
Bryngolau
:_______________________________ .
bronwen
<BRON-wen>
[ˡbrɔnwɛn]
feminine noun
PLURAL
bronwennod
<bron-WE-nod>
[brɔnˡwɛnɔd]
1
weasel
y fronwen
= the weasel
2
Mi glywais i’r stori gan fronwen
I heard it throught the grapevine; A little bird
told me (“I heard the story from a weasel”)
(if not
the bird bronwen y dŵr
Cinclus cinclus dipper)
3
weak tea (or beer)
piso
/ pisho bronwen (" weasel's piss
")
ETYMOLOGY: bron wen
(bron =
breast) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn =
white)
:_______________________________ .
Bronwen
<BRON-wen>
[ˡbrɔnwɛn]
feminine noun
1
woman's name
ETYMOLOGY: bron
wen (bron
= breast) + soft mutation + (gwen,
feminine form of gwyn =
fair / beautiful / white)
NOTE: There is also a name with the
same elements reversed: Gwenfron
:_______________________________
.
bronwen y
dŵr <BRON-wen
ə DUUR>
[ˡbrɔnwɛn
ə ˡduːr]
feminine noun
PLURAL
bronwennod y dŵr
<bron-WE-nod
ə DUUR>
[brɔnˡwɛnɔd
ə ˡduːr]
1
(Ornithology) Cinclus
cinclus dipper
(Also trochwr,
Wil y dŵr, aderyn du'r dŵr, tresglen y dŵr)
ETYMOLOGY: “white breast of the water” (bronwen
= white breast) + (y
= definite article) + (dŵr
= water)
:_______________________________
.
Bron-y-glyn
<bron
ə GLIN>
[brɔn
ə ˡglɪn]
1
house name in Eastcote, Ruislip, Middlesex (in the
list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable Society
of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1) (“Bron y Glyn”)
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (overlooking) the valley”)
(bron =
hill) + (y =
definite article) + (glyn =
valley)
:_______________________________ .
Bro
Ogwen <broo
OG-wen> [broː
ˡɔgwɛn]
feminine noun
1
‘Ogwen Country’, the district around
the river Ogwen, the focal point of which is the town of Bethesda
SH6266
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH6266
2
Bro-ogwen (“Bro
Ogwen”) house name, Bangor (Gwynedd)
(delwedd
7536)
:_______________________________ .
Bro
Ogwr <broo
OO-gur> [broː
ˡoˑgʊr]
feminine noun
1
‘Ogwr Country’, the district around
the river Ogwr, the focal point of which is the town of Pen-y-bont ar
Ogwr
Yn 1995 cynhaliwyd Gwyl
Cerdd Dant Cymru Bro Ogwr yn Ysgol Gyfun Bryntirion In
1995 the Wales Harp Music Festival (located that year in) Bro Ogwr
was held in Bryntirion
Comprehensive School (= coeducational High School)
Cafodd
Menter Bro Ogwr ei sefydlu yn Hydref 1998
gan griw o wirfoddolwyr lleol yn dilyn Eisteddfod Pen-coed 1997 The
Centre for the Promotion of the Welsh Language of Bro Ogwr was set up
by a group of volunteers following the National Eisteddfod in
Pen-coed in 1997
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) country (of the
river) Ogwr” (bro =
country, area, zone, district) + (Ogwr =
name of a river)
:_______________________________ .
Bro'r
Cymry <broor
KƏM-ri>
[broːr
ˡkəmrɪ]
feminine noun
1
(History) Welshry,
district occupied by the Welsh (in a territory divided between Welsh
and English inhabitants)
ETYMOLOGY: (bro
= district) + (y
= definite article ) + (Cymry
= Welsh people)
:_______________________________
.
Bro Tegid
<broo
TEE-gid> [broː
ˡteˑgɪd]
feminine noun
1
the district around the town of Y Bala in north
Wales (the town is situated at the mouth of the lake known as Llyn
Tegid, Englished as ‘Bala Lake’), ‘Tegid
Country’
Llyfrgell Bro
Tegid Name of the public library in the
town of Y Bala
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) country (of the lake)
Tegid” (bro =
country, area, zone, district) + (Llyn)
Tegid = name of a
lake)
:_______________________________
.
brown
<BROUN>
[brɔʊn]
(adjective)
1
brown
esgidiau
brown brown shoes
sgwert
frown a brown skirt
trowsus
brown brown trousers
arth
frown brown bear (Ursus arctos)
:_______________________________
.
brud
<BRIID>
[ˡbriːd]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brudiau <BRID-yai,
-e> [ˡbrɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
Although
brud is
given as the headword in the Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / University
of Wales Dictionary this word is more usually found in titles of
chronicles with a final ‘t’ – brut,
plural brutiau
1
chronicle, history
Y
Brutiau Cymraeg The Welsh
Chronicles
(1) Brut Gruffudd ab
Arthur name given in the Myvyrian
Archaiology of Wales (1801) to one of the longer translated versions
of Brut y Brenhinedd
(2)
Brut Tysilio name
given in the Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales (1801) to a shorter
translated version of Brut y Brenhinedd,
in the belief that the original author was Tysilio.
(3) Brut
y Brenhinedd The Chronicle of the
Kings. Welsh translation of the Latin text c. 1136 “Historia
Regum Britataniae” by Sieffre o Fynwy
(Geoffrey of Monmouth). There are about six or
seven different translations, the earliest dating from 1200s.
(4)
Brut y Brytaniaid Chronicle
of the Britons, name given to some of the versions of Brut
y Brenhinedd
(5) Brut
y Saeson Chronicle of the Saxon
Kings
(6) Brut y Tywysogion
Chronicle of the (Welsh) Princes = a medieval
Welsh translation of a lost Latin text “Cronica Principum
Wallie”. This text was written at the end of the 1200s in
Ystrad Fflur (Strata Florida) monastery, in the county of
Ceredigion.
2
prophesy (this sense developed because the
chronicles contained prophecies)
cywyddau
brud vaticinatory poems
Lefiticus
20:27 Gŵr neu wraig a fo ganddynt
ysbryd dewiniaeth, neu frud,
hwy a leddir yn farw; â
cherrig y llabyddiant hwynt; eu gwaed fydd arnynt eu
hunain.
Leviticus 20:27 A man also
or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall
surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their
blood shall be upon them.
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh brud
/ brut < French brut
< Latin Brutus.
It refers to “Brutus of Troy”, a mythical figure
who was supposed to have been the first king of the Britons.
The
French expression “Roman de Brut” (= story of Brutus)
became simply “Brut” (= the “(story
of) Brutus”, the
“Brutus”), and from this it came to mean “chronicle,
story” in general.
The word was taken into Welsh with
the sense of “chronicle of the island of Britain” or
“chronicle of Wales”.
The name is Latin brûtus
(= heavy, stupid, irrational); and from this
English “brute” (= cruel person).
As a name, cf
Marcus Junius Brutus 85?BC-42BC, one of the assassins of Julius
Caesar
NOTE: In borrowings from English, final –t tended
to become –d: Cocsed
(place name in Ceredigion (= woodland glade), <
English cockshoot (= woodland glade; glade through wich woodcock
shoot or dash and are caught in nets)); poced
(= pocket), roced
(= rocket),
etc
:_______________________________ .
brudiwr
<BRID-yur>
[ˡbrɪdjʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brudwyr <BRID-wir>
[ˡbrɪdwɪr]
1
diviner, soothsayer, magician, wizard
Lefiticus
20:6 A'r dyn a dro ar ôl
dewiniaid, a brudwyr, i buteinio ar eu hôl hwynt; gosodaf fy
wyneb yn erbyn y dyn hwnnw hefyd, a thorraf ef ymaith o fysg ei
bobl.
Leviticus 20:6 And the soul
that turneth after such as have familiar spirits, and after wizards,
to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against that
soul, and will cut him off from among his people.
Daniel 5:7
Gwaeddodd y brenin yn groch am ddwyn i
mewn yr astronomyddion, y Caldeaid, a'r brudwyr: a llefarodd y
brenin, a dywedodd wrth ddoethion Babilon, Pa ddyn bynnag a ddarlleno
yr ysgrifen hon, ac a ddangoso i mi ei dehongliad, efe a wisgir â
phorffor, ac a gaiff gadwyn aur am ei wddf, a chaiff lywodraethu yn
drydydd yn y deyrnas.
Daniel 5:7 The
king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the
soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon,
Whosoever shall read this writing, and show me the interpretation
thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold
about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.
ETYMOLOGY: (brud =
prophecy) + (i-wr,
suffix = ‘man’)
:_______________________________
.
brut
<BRIIT>
[ˡbriːt]
masculine noun
1
See brud
:_______________________________
.
Brulhai
<BRIL-hai>
[ˡbrɪlhaɪ]
feminine noun
1
SO2649 Village in
the English county of Hereford-and-Worcester, 8km north-east of the
Welsh border town of Y Gelligandryll
/ Y Gelli (“Hay on Wye”)
English name
“Brilley”.
(delwedd
7217)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/910576
ETYMOLOGY:
Adaptation of the English name
“Brilley”.
:_______________________________
.
brwd
<BRUUD>
[bruːd]
(adjective)
1
passionate,
enthusiastic
:_______________________________
.
brwdfrydedd
<brud-VRƏ-dedh>
[brʊdˡvrədɛð]
(masculine noun)
1
enthusiasm
:_______________________________
.
Brwmffild
‹BRUM-fild›
[ˡbrʊmfɪld]
1
Broomfield
Arglwyddiaeth
Brwmffild ac Iâl the Lordship of
Broomfield and Yale :_______________________________ .
brwnt
<BRUNT>
[ˡbrʊnt]
(adjective) (South Wales)
1
dirty
:_______________________________
.
brwsh,
PLURAL:
brwshus <BRUSH,
BRU-shis> [brʊʃ,
ˡbrʊʃɪs]
(masculine noun)
1
brush
:_______________________________
.
brwshad
<BRU-shad>
[ˡbrʊʃad]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brwshadau
<bru-SHAA-dai,
-e> [brʊˡʃɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ] 1
brush = action of brushing, brushing, act of using
a brush
rhoi brwshad i (rywbeth)
give a brush to something
See: brwshad
2
brushstroke
ETYMOLOGY: brwshad
> brwsiad
< (brwsi-
stem of brwsio
= to brush) + (-ad
suffix for forming abstract
nouns)
:_______________________________ .
brwsh
dannedd <brush
DA-nedh> [brʊʃ
ˡdanɛð]
(masculine noun)
1
toothbrush
:_______________________________
.
brwsh
gwallt <brush
GWALHT> [brʊʃ
ˡgwaɬt]
(masculine noun)
1
hair brush
:_______________________________
.
brwshio
<BRUSH-yo>
[ˡbrʊʃjɔ]
(verb)
1
to brush
:_______________________________
.
brwsiad
<BRU-shad>
[ˡbrʊʃad]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brwsiadau
<bru-SHAA-dai,
-e> [brʊˡʃɑˑdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
brush = action of brushing
See:
brwshad
:_______________________________
.
brwydr (=
‘brwydyr’) PLURAL:
brwydrau <BRUI-dir,
BRUI-drai, -e>
[ˡbrʊɪdɪr,
ˡbrʊɪdraɪ, -ɛ]
(feminine noun)
1
battle, fight, struggle
y frwydr =
the struggle
2
mynd yn frwydr erchyll (“to
go into a terrible fight”) > Aeth
yn frwydr erchyll = A terrible fight
broke out
:_______________________________
.
brwydro
<BRUI-dro>
[ˡbrʊɪdrɔ]
(verb)
1
to fight, to
struggle
:_______________________________ .
brwynen
<BRUI-nen>
[ˡbrʊɪnɛn]
feminine noun
PLURAL
brwyn
<BRUIN>
[ˡbrʊɪn]
1
rush = plant of genus Juncus, family Juncaceae,
which grows in marshy ground
y
frwynen = the rush
2
rush = stem of this plant used to make chair
bottoms, baskets, mats
3
fel brwyn =
(legs) gone weak at the knees (“like rushes”)
4
Brwynen-las ‘green
rush’ street name in Bryn-coch,
Castell-nedd
5
llafrwynen rush,
bulrush
darlun o Moses yn ei
gawell llafrwyn ar fin yr afon
a
picture of Moses in his crib of rushes on the bank of the river
llafrwynen is
the singular form, representing (llafrwyn
= rushes) + (-en
suffix added to nouns to make a singular form out
of a collective noun or plural noun)
The etymology of the
word: llafrwyn <
*llawfrwyn <
*llawrfrwyn (llawr
= ground) + soft mutation + (brwyn
= rushes)
ETYMOLOGY: (brwyn
= rushes) + (singulative suffix -en);
brwyn <
British.
From the same British root: Cornish broennenn
(= rush), Breton broenenn
(= rush)
:_______________________________
.
brwyniad
<BRUIN-yad>
[ˡbrʊɪnjad]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brwyniaid
<BRUIN-yaid,
-yed>
[ˡbrʊɪnjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1
brwyniaid Osmeridae
2
(Osmerus eperlanus) brwyniad
Conwy (m), brwyniaid
Conwy smelt, European smelt, sparling
ETYMOLOGY: (brwyn =
rushes) + (-i-ad noun-forming
suffix) (because the sparling is said to smell of
rushes)
:_______________________________ .
1
brych
<BRIIKH>
[briːx]
adjective
Feminine
form: brech
1
spotted (having a pattern of marks), brindled
(having dark patches on a background of brown or grey)
cilfilyn
brych gyddfir yw'r jiráff
The
giraffe is a spotted long-necked ruminant
cath
frech tabby cat
Y
Foel Frech The Speckled Hill
Y
Garreg-frech street name in
Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd (“the speckled stone”)
tylluan
frech (Strix aluco) tawny
owl
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British *brikk-
< Celtic; the feminine form brech
< *brikk-â
Breton: brec'h
(= pox, smallpox)
From the same Celtic
root: Irish breac (=
spotted), Scottish breac (=
spotted), Manx breck (=
spotted)
NOTE:
feminine form is brech
<BREEKH>
[breːx],
plural form brychion
<BRƏKH-yon>
[ˡbrəxjɔn]
:_______________________________
.
2 brych
<BRIIKH>
[briːx]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brychau
<BRƏ-khai,
-e> [ˡbrəxaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
spot
(North Wales) brychau
haul freckles
2
stain, blemish, defect
pigo
brychau find fault, look for faults
Hawdd pigo brychau
it’s easy to find fault (instead of praising
what is good in a person, something good that a person has done or
made, etc)
Nid yw'r llyfr newydd
heb ei frychau The new book isn’t
without its faults
3
brychau gwlân:
(North-west Wales)
flocks of sheep
ETYMOLOGY: See brych
(adjective) – the noun was originally an
adjective
NOTE: Also forms with -yn;
(1) brychyn <BRƏ-khin>
[ˡbrəxɪn]
(-yn
as a diminutive suffix), (2) there is a singular
form based on the plural: brycheuyn
<brə-KHEI-in>
[brəˡxəɪɪn]
< (brychau
+ -yn) with singulative suffix
-yn
:_______________________________
.
3 brych
<BRIIKH>
[briːx]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brychod
<BRƏ-khod>
[ˡbrəxɔd]
1
afterbirth, placenta
bwrw'r
brych expel the afterbirth
2
(North-west Wales) edrych
fel brych (said of a sorry-looking
person, miserable person) (“look like afterbirth”)
3
bwrw'r crwt bant a chadw’r brych
(“throw away the infant and keep the
afterbirth”) In dealing with some problem, to propose a
solution which makes the problem worse; to eliminate the advantages
of a situation and yet keep the disadvantages; to throw the baby out
with the bathwater
Also: cadw'r brych
a lluchio’r babi (“keep the
afterbirth and throw (away) the baby”)
4
speckled bird
brych
y fuches (qv) Motacilla
alba = pied wagtail (“(of) the
milking fold”)
brych y cae
(qv) Prunella
modularis = hedge sparrow (“(of)
the field”)
brych y coed
(qv) Turdus
viscivorus = mistle thrush (“(of)
the wood”)
5
speckled fish; (county of Ceredigion) brych
y dail = sea trout (“trout (of)
the leaves”)
ETYMOLOGY: See brych
(adjective) – the noun was originally an
adjective
:_______________________________ .
Brychdwn
<BRƏKH-dun>
[ˡbrəxdʊn]
1
(SS9270) locality in the county of Bro Morgannwg
English name: Broughton
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/374656
ETYMOLOGY:
from the English name
:_______________________________
.
Brycheiniog
<brə-KHEIN-yog>
[brəˡxəɪnjɔg]
(feminine noun)
1
old territory in the south-east “territory
of Brychan”, Brychan + -iog.
Englished
as Brecknock (the suffix –iog in the south is –og, and so
Brecknock this would be from a local form Brycheinog / Brychinog).
This form of the name was also given to the English-type county (also
called Brecknockshire). The county was made up of the old Brycheiniog
lands along with those of the district of Buellt (which had become
the lordship of Builth under the Normans).
The town however
came to be called Brecon (apparently a Norman-French or English
Brecon approximation of the name Brychan), and the county was known
in modern times more usually as Breconshire.
Brecknock occurs
as a transferred place name in
1/ Brecknock Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania;
2/ Brecknock Hall, by Greenport on Long Island, New York, built in 1857 by David Geiston Floyd, a grandson of William Floyd, one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence, and called Brecknock because the Floyd family originated in this part of Wales;
3/
Cape Brecknock, in the Chilean archipelago 60 miles north-west of
Cape Horn.
:_______________________________ .
bryd
<BRIID>
[briːd]
masculine noun
PLURAL
brydiau
<BRƏD-yai,
-e> [ˡbrədjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
mind, intent
Brenhinoedd-1 8:17 Ac
yr oedd ym mryd Dafydd fy nhad adeiladu ty i
enw Arglwydd Dduw Israel
Kings-1
8:17 And it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for
the name of the Lord God of Israel.
2
mind, intent
Wele'n
sefyll rhwng y myrtwydd / Wrthrych teilwng o'm holl fryd / Er o ran
yr wy'n ei 'nabod / Ef uwchlaw gwrthrychau'r byd / Henffych fore! /
Caf ei weled fel y mae (Cwm Rhondda)
Behold standing among the myrtle trees / the worthy object of all
my desire / Though I know him but partially / over the objects of the
world / Hail to the morning! / I shall be able to see him as he is
(from the hymn “Cwm Rhondda”)
3
bod â'ch bryd ar to
wish to (do something)
Euthum i mewn
i'r siop ddillad â'm bryd ar ddysgu rhai gwersi mewn steil
I went into the clothes shop wanting to learn
some lessons about style
4
ei fryd yn rhedeg ar be
inclined towards
Ond ar y
weinidogaeth y rhedodd ei fryd yn bennaf but
he was mostly inclined towards the ministry, he had his heart set on
being a minister of religion
5
mynd â'ch bryd (“take
your mind”) to interest most of all, to fire someone (with
interest), to be one's main interest
Uchelgais
'nhad oedd imi fod yn glerc banc. Fues i 'rioed isho bod.
Barddoniaeth oedd yn mynd â 'mryd i.
My
father wanted me to be a bank clerk. I never wanted to be. Poetry was
what interested me most
6
awyddfryd keenness,
zeal
(awydd-, y
= <ə>
[ə],
< awydd y
= <i>
[ɪ],
= desire) + soft mutation + (bryd
= mind, intention)
Rhufeiniaid 8:19 Canys
awyddfryd y creadur sydd yn disgwyl am ddatguddiad meibion Duw
Romans
8:19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the
manifestation of the sons of God.
Philipiaid 1:20 Yn
ôl fy awyddfryd a'm gobaith, na'm gwaradwyddir mewn dim, eithr
mewn pob hyder, fel bob amser, felly yr awron hefyd, y mawrygir Crist
yn fy nghorff i, pa un bynnag ai trwy fywyd, ai trwy farwolaeth.
Philippians 1:20 According to my
earnest expectation and my hope, that in nothing I shall be ashamed,
but that with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ shall be
magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death.
7
mawrfrydig magnanimous
(mawr =
great) + soft mutation + (bryd
= mind) + (-ig
adjectival suffix)
8
rhyddfrydol liberal
(rhydd =
free) + soft mutation + (bryd
= mind) + (-ol
adjectival suffix)
9
hyfryd pleasant
(hy- =
intensifying prefix ) + soft mutation + (bryd
= mind)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh <
British *bret-
From
the same British root: Cornish brez (=
mind, intention)
From the same Celtic root: Irish breith
(= judgement,
decision)
:_______________________________ .
brygowthan
<brə-GOU-than>
[brəˡgɔʊθan]
verb
1
rant
2
brygowthan ar (rywun) go
on at (somebody)
:_______________________________
.
brygowthwr
<brə-GOU-thur>
[brəˡgɔʊθʊr]
m
PLURAL brygowthwyr
<brə-GOUTH-wir>
[brəˡgɔʊθwɪr]
1
ranter = person who rants, who talks in a noisy
and excited manner
2
Brygowthwr ‘Ranter’
= one of a movement in England around 1650 which rejected
Predestination and believed in Universal Salvation and liberation
from all legal and moral restraints
ETYMOLOGY: (brygowth-
stem of brygowthian
= jabber, rant, talk excitedly) +
(-i-wr
suffix = man)
:_______________________________
.
bryn (1)
PLURAL:
bryniau <BRIN,
BRƏN-yai, -e>
[brɪn,
ˡbrənjaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1
hill
bryn
uchel a high hill, a big hill
bryn
mawr a high hill, a big hill
bryn
bach a low hill, a small hill
2
Element in house names and street names:
Delfryn
house name and street name
(in
origin, a northern word) fair hill
(del
= pretty, in northern Welsh) + soft mutation +
(bryn =
hill)
Gwelfryn (house
name and street name) hill view
(gwêl
= view) + soft mutation + (bryn
= hill)
Heulfryn
(house name or street name) sunny hill
(heul,
tonic syllable form of haul)
+ soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
(There is also an incorrect form Haulfryn)
Is-y-bryn
(“below the hill”) street name in
Trefychan (county of Caerfyrddin) (spelt as “ Is Y
Bryn”)
Is-y-bryniau
(“below the hills”) street name in
Cwmllynfell (Castell-nedd ac Abertawe) (spelt as
“Is-Y-Bryniau”)
Tai-ar-y-bryn
street name in Llanfair ym Muallt
(Powys)
y tai ar y bryn
(“the houses on the hill”)
(y
= definite article, the) + (tai
= houses, plural of tŷ
= house) + (ar
= on) + (y
= definite article, the) + (bryn
= hill)
3
hirfryn long hill
(hir =
long) + soft mutation + ( bryn
= hill)
Hirfryn
division (kúmmud / 'cwmwd') of Cantref
Bychan, in Ystrad Tywi (South-west Wales) Caerhirfryn
Lancaster, England (“(the) Roman fort (at)
Hirfryn”)
4
gwynfryn white
hill
“blessed hill” (gwyn-
<ə>
[ə],
penult form of gwyn <i>
[ɪ])
+ soft mutation + (bryn =
hill)
5
used especially with names of rivers flowing at
the foot of the hill
..a/ Brynaman
(“hill (overlooking the) Aman (river)”)
..........1) Village name (county of Carfyrddin) (Formerly Y
Gwter-fawr, but the station opened in 1864 on the Swansea Vale
Railway was named “Brynamman” (?because of the unpleasant
connotation of the English word ‘gutter’)
..b/
Bryncynon (“hill
(overlooking the) Cynon (river)”)
..........1) Street name
in Hirwaun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (spelt as “Bryncynon”)
..c/ Bryndulais
(“hill (overlooking the) Dulais (river)”)
..........1) Farm name in Blaendulais / Seven Sisters (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as “Bryndulais”)
..d/
Bryndyfi (“hill
(overlooking the) Dyfi (river)”)
..........1) Former mine
SN6893 near Y Ffwrnais (county of Ceredigion) (spelt as
“Bryndyfi”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/23482
..........2)
street name in Dinas Mawddwy (spelt as “Bryndyfi”)
..e/
Brynelwy (“hill
(overlooking the) Elwy (river)”) (spelt as “Bryn Elwy”)
..........1) Street name in Llanelwy / St. Asaph (county of Y
Fflint)
..f/ Brynfyrnwy
SJ2320 (“hill (overlooking the) Efyrnwy
(river)”) (spelt as “Bryn Vyrnwy”)
..........1)
Name of a farm in name in Llansanffráid ym Mechain
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/568062
..g/
Bryngwenfro (“hill
(overlooking the) Gwenfro (river)”) (spelt as “Bryn
Gwenfro”)
..........1) Street name in Tan-y-fron,
Wrecsam
..h/ Bryn-gwy
(“hill (overlooking the) Gwy / Wye (river)”)
(spelt as “Bryngwy”)
..........1) House (bungalow)
name in Rhaeadr-gwy (Powys)
..i/ Brynhafren
“(the) hill (overlooking the river) Hafren”
(“Severn” in English) (spelt as “Bryn Hafren”)
..........1) Street name in Crew Green, Llandrinio (in the
district of Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
(SJ3215)
..j/ Bryn-lliw “(the)
hill (overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn
= hill) + (Lliw)
..........1) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin
..k/
Brynogwen “(the)
hill (overlooking the river) Ogwen” (bryn
= hill) + (Ogwen)
..........1) street in Bangor in the county of Gwynedd
..l/
Bryn-taf “(the)
hill (overlooking the river) Taf”
Street name
..........1) Aber-fan (county of Merthyrtudful)
(spelt as “Bryntaf”)
..........2) Cefncoedycymer
(county of Merthyrtudful)
(spelt as “Bryntaf”)
..m/ Brynteifi
(SN4539) “(the) hill (overlooking
the river) Teifi” (bryn
= hill) + (Teifi
river name)
..........1) locality in the
county of Caerfyrddin
..n/ Brynystwyth
“(the) hill (overlooking the
river) ystwyth” (bryn =
hill) + (Ystwyth river
name)
..........1) street name in Penparcau, Aberystwyth
(county of Ceredigion)
6
arianfryn silver
hill, silvery hill
Arianfryn House
name, Y Bermo (county of Gwynedd)
(arian
= silver ) + soft mutation + ( bryn
= hill)
bryn
occurs curiously without the definite
article in some names with the name of a tree. Although the linking
definite article is often omitted in place names, any soft mutation
caused will remain.
Thus in the following names, there is
nothing particularly surprising, as the qualifying element doed not
have an initial soft-mutable consonant:
Brynhelygen
(Pendeulwyn, Bro Morgannwg) (instead of bryn
yr helygen) (“willow hill”)
Brynonnen (instead
of bryn yr onnen)
(“ash hill”)
But these do, and there is no trace
of the soft mutation:
Brynderwen
(qv) (instead of bryn
dderwen, bryn y dderwen) (“oak
hill”)
Brynbedwen (instead
of bryn fedwen, bryn y fedwen)
(“birch hill”)
7 Moelfryn
<MOIL-vrin>
[ˡmɔɪlvrɪn]
“bare hill”
(moel
= bare, treeless) + soft mutation + (bryn
= hill)
A
hill SN9372 in Glyn Gwy / the Wye valley near Sant
Harmon
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=245201
map
:_______________________________ .
Y
Bryn (2) <ə
BRIN> [ə
ˡbrɪn]
1
short name for place names with bryn
as the main element
Y
Bryn = Brynaman
2
official name of certain places which in all
likelihood were originally longer names
(1) Y
Bryn SN5400 locality in Llanelli
(county of Caerfyrddin)
(2) Y
Bryn SS8192 locality in Castell-nedd ac
Aberafan (from ?Bryngyrnos,
hill of the little piles of stone. The main street is Heol Bryngyrnos
(“Bryngurnos
Street” on English maps)
(3) Y
Bryn SO2985 locality in southern
Shropshire, England, 5km north of Colunwy
(= ‘Clun’ in English)
(4) Y
Bryn locality by Y Fenni, county of
Mynwy
(5) Y Bryn
locality in Pont-llan-fraith, county of Caerffili
ETYMOLOGY: “the hill” (y
definite article) + (bryn
= hill)
:_______________________________
.
Brynach
<BRƏ-nakh>
[ˡbrənax]
(masculine noun)
1
man's name
:_______________________________
.
Bryn
Amlwg <brin
AM-lug> [brɪn
ˡamlʊg]
1
hill name .
Castell
Bryn Amlwg SO1684 a castle site just
over the border in Shropshire, England, near the English village of
Anchor
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/802128
map
“prominent hill” (bryn
= hill) + (amlwg
= prominent, visible, evident)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn
Athyn <brin
AA-thin> [brɪn
ˡɑˑθɪn]
1
place name, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania,
dating from around
1890.
Bryn
Athyn, in
the Huntingdon Valley in the eastern part of Montgomery County in
Pennsylvania, was the centre of a Swedenborgian community, members of
the General
Church of the New Jerusalem.
It was
not known as an area of Welsh settlement, although nineteenth-century
land ownership maps of this part of Montgomery County include many
Welsh surnames – descendants of the original Welsh settlers in
nearby areas.
The
name is said to be ‘Hill of Cohesion’ (though this is in
fact not the exact translation of the name). It is an unlikely Welsh
name as the word ‘athyn’,
although found in a famous (or infamous!) nineteenth-century
dictionary, has never in fact been used in Welsh.
William
F. (Frederic)
Pendleton
(born
March 25, 1845 in Savannah, Georgia, died November 5, 1927) and
S. (Samuel) H. Hicks were members of the board of directors of the
Academy of the New Church (founded 1877 for the training of
ministers). William F. Pendleton was president, and S. H. Hicks was
secretary .
In
1890, the
General Church of the New
Jerusalem was founded after a theological dispute, breaking away from
the General Convention of the Church of the New Jerusalem (or, as it
was also called, the Swedenborgian Church of North America). In
1897, W. F. Pendleton, some years after the name Bryn Athyn was
applied to the village, became the first Executive Bishop of the
General Church of the New Jerusalem.
The
original grounds of the Academy and the community of Bryn Athyn were
designed in 1893 by Charles Eliot of the firm of landscape architects
Olmsted, Olmsted, and Eliot, which had undertaken many notable
projects, among them Central Park in 1853 and Bryn Mawr in 1885, the
year of its foundation as a Quaker college.
When
names were being sought for the new Swedenborgian village, William F.
Pendleton was not satisfied with any of the suggestions that had been
made. He mentioned to S. H. Hicks that he liked Welsh names, and it
happened that Mr Hicks had been born in Wales.
(S.
H. Hicks’s name appears in The Manual of the Pennsylvania
Society for the year 1894 in the Roll of Members: “Montgomery
County / Bryn Athyn / S. H. Hicks”).
Mr
Hicks bought a Welsh Dictionary for the bishop. William Pendleton was
most likely aware of the history of the Welsh Tract and nearby Welsh
place names. In the vicinity of Bryn Athyn there is Welsh Road, some
fifteen miles in length, which begins its trajectory at Lansdale by
North Wales, in Upper Gwynedd Township, north-west of Bryn Athyn, and
passes through the Huntingdon Valley where Bryn Athyn is situtated
(with parts of it variously called Welsh Road, Old Welsh Road, and
New Welsh Road, though Moreland Road has since taken the place of New
Welsh Road). Some fifteen miles to the west are the townships of
Upper Merion and Lower Merion, and Bryn Mawr and Narberth
Bishop
Pendleton set to work to find something that would suggest unity, and
he used the words ‘bryn’
for hill (perhaps influenced by nearby ‘Bryn
Mawr’ (“great hill”), in the same county), and
‘athyn’,
meaning ‘tenacious, cohesive, pulling’.
(Source:
The coining of the name by Bishop Pendleton is based on information
from the article “Welsh Place-Names in Southeastern
Pennsylvania” / Ruth L. Pearce, Bryn Mawr College. A Journal of
Onomastics. Volume 11, Issue 1. 1963. Pages 31-43.
Unfortunately
the dictionary was either William Owen Pughe’s Dictionary
of the Welsh Language or
a later derivative work. Owen Pughe’s publication one of the
most comprehensive dictionaries published in any language for its
date (available in its complete form in 1803; reprinted in 1832) but
many words in this dictionary were invented forms
(delwedd
7562)
The
usual explanation of the name ‘Bryn Athyn’ is given as
“hill of cohesion”, which is probably the meaning which
Bishop Pendleton had hoped to express, but literally it is “cohesive
hill”, “tenacious hill”, since it is made up of a
noun followed by an adjective.
The
genesis of the word athyn might
be explained in two ways.
William Owen Pughe based the word
on the adjective “tyn”
(= taut, tight; diligent), attaching to it an
intensifying prefix.
(a-
intensifying suffix) + aspirate mutation + (tyn
= tight).
From the resulting
“athyn” he
constructed the related forms –
athynnol (spelt idiosyncratically “athynawl” by Owen
Pughe), athyniad, athynnu (spelt
“athynu” by Owen Pughe).
However,
athyn would
have to mean “very tight”, rather than “cohesive”
or “tenacious”.
Or
else he began with an invented verb-noun athynnu
(supposedly “to draw; to
attract”; drawing, attracting), made up of
(a-
intensifying suffix) + aspirate mutation + (tynnu
= to pull; pulling),
and athyn
would be the root form of the
verb-noun.
But roots of
verb-nouns tend to be used as the equivalent of English past
participles – thus colli (= to lose, losing), coll (= lost);
malu (= to grind), mâl (= ground); claddu (= to bury, to dig;
burying, digging), cladd (=
buried, dug) (though such usage tends to be in phrases from older
Welsh).
Athyn
– if
so derived - would suggest “drawn, attracted”, rather
than “cohesive” or “tenacious”.
If Owen Pughe had been consistent, athyniad (defined as tenseness) would have been “tenaciousness, tenacity; cohesiveness”, and the village might then have been called “Bryn Athyniad”! <brin a-THƏN-yad> [brɪn aˡθənjad]
If
Bishop Pendleton’s source was not Owen Pughe’s dictionary
itself, it would have been a later dictionary which incorporated many
of Owen Pughe’s neologisms. One such was the Welsh-English
Dictionary published in 1848 by William Spurrell (1813
- 1889). An
American edition (a revised version of the original) appeared
thirteen years later in 1861, published in New York.
(delwedd
7565)
However, here there are no derived words along with athyn, and the reason for this is given in the “Advertisement to the American Edition”.
On issuing the latest British edition the author thus expresses himself: - “The volume now offered to the public, though of smaller size than the Edition which preceded it, not only contains several hundred additional lines, but, by the omission of derivatives obviously deducible from simple words retained, has been made to comprehend within its pages a vast number of useful terms, the meaning of which could not be readily gathered from others of the same root. Many words, too, of established authority, are included, which have been overlooked in the Welsh Dictionaries hitherto published.
(delwedd
7566)
The
word athyn is so improbable that Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru / The
University of Wales Dictionary, a major work of the modern Welsh
language with a historical treatment of each word, showing the
etymology and earliest known examples of a word, does not even
include it..
A
handful of Owen Pughe’s many coinings did in fact eventually
find favour, and are used in the modern language. So we might
consider athyn to
be one of these words which came to have an existence beyond Owen
Pughe’s Dictionary, or other dictionaries.
(See
Owen Pughe, Section O, via Google kimkat1600e)
In
conclusion, Pennsylvania has a unique Welsh place name thanks to the
lexicographical fancies of William Owen Pughe (born Llanfihangel y
Pennant, Meirionydd, 7 August 1759, died 4 June 1835).
NOTE:
See (1) Owen Pughe, William,
(2) athyn
(delwedd
7564)
Some Welsh names in Montgomery county:
1 Gwynedd
– the name of a northern medieval kingdom. The Welsh settlers
came from the area which had been part of Gwynedd. The name has since
been revived as an adminstrative name, and is a north-western county
which covers what was the core area of the old kingdom.
2
North Wales – again a reference to the origin of the first
settlers. It seems to be a translation of Gwynedd used to create an
additional English name.
3 Montgomery. Possibly refers to the
county of Sir Drefaldwyn – Montgomeryshire or Montgomery in
English – in North Wales (in a twofold division of Wales -
Gogledd / North, De / South) (in Central Wales if a threefold
division of Wales is used – Gogledd / North, Canolbarth /
Midland, De / South).
It may however be from an English
surname – it has been suggested that it commemorates Richard
Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in an attack
on Quebec City in 1775. The county was created nine years later, in
1784.
Both the English name of the Welsh county and the
English surname are originally the name of a Norman family (de
Montgommery, as it would be in modern French spelling). The name
occurs in two neighbouring communes in the Calvados department of
Basse-Normandie (Lower Normandy) - Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery, and
Saint-Germain-de-Montgommery.
Roger de Montgomerie (died
1894) was Earl of Shrewsbury and held most of the county of
Shropshire, of which Shrewsbury is the capital. He built a castle in
neighbouring Welsh territory to extend his holdings into Wales. The
castle gave rise to a small town called Montgomery in English
(Trefaldwyn in Welsh), and this in turn gave its name to a county a
formed c1542 when Wales was annexed to England.
4 Merion.
Refers to the county of Sir Feirionydd or Meirionydd –
Merionethshire or Merioneth in English. Often in Welsh Meirion is
used as a short form of Meirionydd, which may explain the use of
Merion in Pennsylvania – using Merion as a short form of
Merioneth, though this never occurs in Wales itself).
5 Bryn
Mawr. The name of a mansion in Dolgellau which belonged to Rowland
Ellis (Rholant Elis would be a Welsh form of his name), who
encouraged the emigration of persecuted Welsh Quakers to
Pennsylvania, beginning in 1686. The Pennsylvanian locality was in
fact called Humphreysville until 1869.
6 Narberth is was
originally Arberth, and this is the name in standard modern Welsh. A
town in the south-west. The variant Welsh form Narberth is the one
used as the “English” form of the name.
7 A Welsh
epithet Wyn,
later a surname (literally ‘white’, ‘fair’,
from the adjective gwyn =
white)
8 A settlement founded by William Jenkins, a surname of
Welsh origin (in most cases).
9 Bryn
Athyn
:_______________________________ .
brynau
<BRƏ-nai,
-e> [ˡbrənaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
Incorrect spelling for brynnau,
plural (southern form) of bryn
= hill.
The standard form is
bryniau
:_______________________________
.
Brynbedwen
<brin-BED-wen>
[brɪnˡbɛdwɛn]
1
farm name, house name
..a/ Farm in
Trefeglwys (Powys) (1841 Census) (“Edward
BENNETT and family, farmer, in residence”)
..b/
House name, Heol Aber-dâr, Aberpennar (Rhondda Cynon Taf)
..c/
place in Llan-rug, metnioned on the Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru /
National Library of Wales website (Llythyr
oddi wrth John Jones, Brynbedwen,
Llanrug, at ei ŵyr, John Griffith Jones tra'r oedd yn ymladd yn
Rhyfel Cartref America, 1 Medi 1863 a
letter from John Jones, Brynbedwen,
Llan-rug, to his grandson John Griffith Jones while he was fighting
in the American Civil War, 1 September 1863)
ETYMOLOGY:
bryn bedwen “(the)
hill (of) (the) birch tree, birch hill”
(bryn
= hill) + (bedwen
= birch tree), though one would expect
the name to be
bryn fedwen <
bryn y fedwen “(the) hill (of)
the birch tree, birch hill”
(bryn
= hill) + (y
definite article) + soft mutation +
(bedwen =
birch tree),
:_______________________________
.
Brynberllan
<brin-BER-lhan>
[brɪnˡbɛrɬan]
1
House name in Pwllheli (county of
Gwynedd)
(spelt as “Bryn Berllan”).
ETYMOLOGY: bryn y berllan “(the)
hill (of) the orchard, orchard hill”
(bryn
= hill) + (y
definite article) + soft mutation +
(perllan =
orchard)
NOTE: In place names a linking definite article is
often omitted: bryn y berllan > bryn
berllan
:_______________________________
.
Brynbuga
<brin
BII-ga>
[brɪnˡbiˑga]
(feminine noun)
1
SO3700 Town, south-east Wales. In English,
Usk
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/142269
:_______________________________
.
Bryncelyn
<brin-KEE-lin>
[brɪnˡkeˑlɪn]
1
SJ 1876 locality
in the county of Y Fflint, 1km north of Treffynnon (on
English-language maps misspelt as Bryn Celin)
2
SH6079 locality
by Llangoed in the county of Môn
3
street names:
...(1) street name in Maes-teg
(county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
...(2) street in Llwynbrwydrau
(county of Abertawe)
...(3) street in Pontardawe (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘(the) hill (of)
the hollies’, holly hill; (bryn
= hill) + (y
definite article) + (celyn
= hollies)
:_______________________________
.
Bryndedwydd
‹brin-DEE-duidh›
[brɪnˡdeˑdwɪð]
1
house name in Dolgellau (county of Gwynedd)
(in the list of members in “The Transactions of the Honourable
Society of Cymmrodorion” 1961 / Part 1)
2 street name
in Dinbych / Denbigh
3 house name in Penmaen-mawr, Conwy
4
House name in Tywyn, Gwynedd
ETYMOLOGY:
(“happy
hill”) (bryn =
hill) + (dedwydd =
happy)
:_______________________________ .
Brynderwɛn
<brin-DER-wen>
[brɪnˡdɛrwɛn]
1
house name
2 as a street name or part of a
street name
Brynderwen, Abergele (Conwy), LL22 (spelt as “Bryn
Derwen")
Brynderwen, Caerfyrddin, SA31 (spelt as
“Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd
(Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (spelt as “Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen,
Cwm-dâr, Aber-dâr, (Rhondda Cynon Taf) CF44 (spelt as
“Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen, Mynyddisa, Yr Wyddgrug
(Y Fflint) CH7 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen,
Pontardawe, Abertawe, SA8 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen,
Radur, Caer-dydd, CF15 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen,
Sgeti, Abertawe, SA2 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen")
Brynderwen,
Talgarth, Aberhonddu, Powys, LD3 (spelt as “Brynderwen”)
Brynderwen,
Ynys-ddu, Casnewydd, NP11 (spelt as “Brynderwen”)
Clos
Brynderwen, Caer-dydd, CF23 (spelt as “Brynderwen Close”)
Clos
Brynderwen, Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (spelt
as “Brynderwen Close”)
Cwrt Brynderwen,
Glynrhedynnog, (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF43 (spelt as “Brynderwen
Court”)
Heol Brynderwen, Casnewydd,
NP19 (spelt as “Brynderwen Road”)
Heol Brynderwen,
Cilfynydd, Pont-y-pridd, (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF37 (spelt as
“Brynderwen Road”)
Heol Brynderwen, Rhydaman,
county of Caerfyrddin, SA18 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen Road")
Heol
Brynderwen, Tonypandy (Rhondda Cynon Taf), CF40 (spelt as “Brynderwen
Road”)
Llwyn Brynderwen, Casnewydd, NP19 (spelt as
“Brynderwen Grove”)
Rhes Brynderwen, Tal-y-sarn,
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, LL54 (spelt as “Bryn Derwen
Terrace")
ETYMOLOGY: bryn derwen
(“oak hill”) (bryn
= hill) + (derwɛn
= oak tree)
One might have expected bryn
y dderwen “(the) hill (of) the
oak tree”; cf Brÿnfedwen
(instead of bryn + y
+
fedwen; Brÿncollen (instead of bryn + y +
gollen)
:_______________________________
.
Brynderwyn
<brin-DER-win>
[brɪnˡdɛrwɪn]
1
place name in New Zealand
(Wikipedia 24-07-2016): The Brynderwyn Range or Brynderwyn Hills is a ridge extending east-west across the Northland Peninsula in northern New Zealand some 60 kilometres south of Whangarei, from the southern end of Bream Bay in the east to the Otamatea River (an arm of the Kaipara Harbour) in the west.
(delwedd
8079)
2 house name in Llan-daf, Caer-dydd
ETYMOLOGY:
the spelling derwyn is probably used for derwin, possibly
to give it a more archaic appearance
(“oak
hill”) y bryn derwin
(y
= definite article, the) + (bryn
= hill) + (derwin
= (topography) abounding in oak trees; (wooden
object) made of oak).
NOTE: In a reference to the Lewis
family in Llan-daf (Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles. Armorial
Families: A Directory of Some Gentlemen of Coat-Armour, Showing Which
Arms in Use at the Moment are Borne by Legal Authority.
London, England and Edinburgh, Scotland: T.C. & E.C. Jack, 1899)
there is the following:
Son of
Evan Lewis, Esquire, J. P., of Brynderwyn, Llandaff, Cardiff, born 18
—;…. married 1868, Annie, daughter of W. Robinson of
Cheltenham: —
Lewis, Gentleman… Residence: New
Zealand.
Query: Is this the source
of the New Zealand place name ‘Brynderwen’?
NOTE:
On a gravestone of William Bruce (died 18 March 1844) in the
churchyard of St. Aeddan’s Church in Betwsnewydd (county of
Mynwy) is the following inscription:
In memory of the /
Revd William Bruce MA / of Brynderwyn
/ late Canon Residentiary of Llandaff Cathedral /
He died at Brynderwyn March xxviii. mdcccxciv / Aged lxvii / Until
the day break and the shadows flee
away
http://www.cefnpennar.com/betnew/staeddan.htm
(inscriptions on gravestones in all the counties
of Wales)
:_______________________________ .
bryn
dioddef <brin
di-OO-dhev >
[brɪn
dɪˡoˑðɛv]
1
gallows hill, hill where criminals were hanged
2
Bryn Dioddef (or
Bryn Diodde)
A hill in Castellnewydd
Emlyn
(county of Caerfyrddin).
English name: Adpar Hill
Bryndioddef
(or Bryndiodde)
SN3141 The name of a hamlet by this hill (settlement names are best
spelt as a single word) (on Ordance Survey map as
Bryndioddef”)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/919376
3
(formerly) Bryn Dioddef (or
Bryn Diodde),
Aberystwyth
In 1799 a bathhouse was built on what today is the
promenade, by Bryn Diodde.
The
Marine Terrace, happily disposed along the shore of one of those
little bights or bays that indent the coast between the Castle point
and Constitution Hill, follows the curvature of the bay, one extreme
resting on the rocky skare at the end of Pier Street called the Weeg,
the other terminating at that on which the Marine Baths are built,
near Bryn Diodde.
New Guide to
Aberystwith and its Environs; Third edition, 1858. Thomas Owen
Morgan, Esq.
ETYMOLOGY: “hill (of) suffering”
(bryn =
hill) + (dioddef =
to suffer)
NOTE: a final [v] is not pronunced in modern spoken
Welsh, though the literary langauge retains it, and place names are
spelt in most cases according to their form in the literary language
rather than to reflect the local pronunciation.
Thus dioddef
> diodde
:_______________________________
.
Bryn-dŵr
<brin-DUUR>
[brɪnˡduːr]
1
Name of a district in Christchurch, New Zealand.
The New Zealand name is spelt Bryndwr
and is pronounced in English as
<BRIN-dwə>
[ˡbrɪndwə]
A
Welsh emigrant by the name of Charles Jeffreys from Glandyfi gave the
name to his property which was situated by the side of a
creek
ETYMOLOGY: “bryn
y dŵr” ('(the) hill (of) the water / the stream')
NOTE:
(From a genealogy forum) “I am a
descendant of Robert and Charles Jeffreys who came to New Zealand in
1853 and bought up a large parcel of land which they called Bryndwr,
in Christchurch. All streets were given Welsh names - Idris, Snowden,
Garreg, Glandovey (from Glandyfi) and of course there's Jeffreys Rd
that cuts right across Bryndwr. All these places remain today and
Bryndwr is a suburb of
Christchurch”.
http://genforum.genealogy.com/jeffreys/messages/471.html
:_______________________________
.
Bryn-drain
<brin-DRAIN>
[brɪnˡdraɪn]
(feminine noun)
1
suburb of Caer-dydd
(Thornhill)
Amlosgfa Bryn-drain
Thornhill Crematorium
In fact, this is not
the correct Welsh name for the area, but rather a direct translation
of the English name.
Bryn-drain
is bryn y
drain “(the) hill (of) the
hawthorn bushes”, thus supposing that the English name
Thornhill means “the hill of the hawthorn trees” rather
than “the hill of the (single) hawthorn tree”
In
'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (John Hobson Matthews, Mab Cernyw)
notes Draenen Pen y Graig (the
thorn-tree at the top of, or the end of, the rock or the rocky
ridge), and the short form Y Ddraenen
(“the hawthorn tree”)
DRAENEN-PEN-Y-GRAIG
(the thorn-tree at the end of the rock.)
A place near the northern
boundary of Senghenydd and Roath Keynsham (1702.) In 1798 "Y
Drainen" was described as "being the known and ancient
boundary between the parishes of Eglwysilan and Llanishen."
"Thorntree Hill" is an eminence on the Cefn
range.
“Thornhill” would
seem to be a reduction of “Thorntree Hill”. (However,
this is rather skating on thin ice – more information and other
examples of the names are needed)
The English name could be an
adaptation of the Welsh name, or it could have come about
independently in English for this distinctive boundary marker.
Such
a name as Draenen Pen y Graig would
suppose that there was another distinctive thorn bush in the area,
and it was necessary to describe their location to distinguish
between them.
The “craig” here is Graig
Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441298
Graig
Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/443135
Graig
Llanisien
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/441278
Heol Draenen Pen y Graig / Thornhill
Road
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/87768
caeau ger Draenen Pen y Graig / fields near
Thornhill
(“The
Geograph British Isles project aims to collect geographically
representative photographs and information for every square kilometre
of Great Britain and Ireland…”)
:_______________________________
.
Bryneifion
<brin-EIV-yon>
[brɪnˡəɪvjɔn]
1
“(the) hill (overlooking the) (the district
of) Eifionydd”
See
Eifionydd
:_______________________________
.
Bryneithin
<brin-EI-thin>
[brɪnˡəɪθɪn]
1
street name in Porthtywyn / Burry Port (county of
Caerfyrddin / Carmarthen)
(spelt as “Bryneithin”).
See also Brynyreithin
ETYMOLOGY:
bryn yr eithin “(the)
hill (of) the furze / gorse”
(bryn
= hill) + (yr
definite article) + (eithin
= furze, gorse)
NOTE: In place
names a linking definite article is often omitted: bryn
yr eithin > bryn eithin
(delwedd
7066) eithin / gorse
:_______________________________
.
Brynfa
<BRƏN-va>
[ˡbrənva]
1
house name in Bangor (county of
Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill place”
(bryn-
penult form of bryn =
hill) + (-fa suffix
= place)
:_______________________________ .
Brynfab
<BRƏN-vab>
[ˡbrənvab]
1
Thomas Williams, born in Cwmaman, Aber-dâr
(1848-1927), poet and writer, farmed most of his life in Eglwysilan
by Caerffili, author of “Pan oedd Rhondda’n bur”
(1912) (“when the Rhondda was pure” - an account of the
valley before industrialisation)
See Clic
y Bont (a group of poets and musicians
from Pont-y-pridd)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘son of the hill / hills’
(query - because he was from “Y Bryniau / Y Brynna” –
“the hills”, which was the name formerly given to the
uplands of Morgannwg?)
(bryn-
<ə>
[ə]
< bryn
= hill) + soft mutation + (mab
= son)
:_______________________________
.
Y Bryn-glas
<brin-GLAAS>
[brɪnˡglɑːs]
1
street name in Rhuthun (Dinbych county) (“Bryn
Glas”)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn
glas “(the) green
hill”
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-grug
<brin-GRIIG>
[brɪnˡgriːg]
1
house name
ETYMOLOGY: bryn
y grug “(the) hill (of) the
heather”
:_______________________________ .
Y
Bryn-gwyn
‹brin-GWIN›
[brɪnˡgwɪn]
1
village SO1849 in Maesyfed, Powys.
Named
after a hill north-west of the village, Y
Bryn Gwyn SO1750. Height 466 metres. On
English-language maps in the tautological form “Bryngwyn
Hill”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SO1849
ETYMOLOGY:
y bryn gwyn “(the)
white hill”
:_______________________________
.
Bryngwran
<brin-GUU-ran>
[brɪnˡguˑran]
(feminine noun)
1
village, north-west
:_______________________________
.
Brynhafren
<brin
HAV-ren>
[brɪnˡhavrɛn]
1
‘(the) hill (overlooking the river) Hafren,
hill overlooking the river Hafren’ (the river is known as the
Severn in English)
..........1)
Street name in Crew Green, Llandrunio / Llandrinio (in the district
of Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
(SJ3215) (spelt as ‘Bryn Hafren’ on the street sign)
(appears as ‘Maes Hafren’ on some maps’
..........2)
Name of a primary school in Crew Green (spelt as ‘Brynhafren’)
..........3) Name of an early nineteenth-century Georgian house in Y Drenewydd / Newton (spelt as ‘Bryn Hafren’) .
..........4) House name in Y Fron, Y Trallwng / Welshpool (spelt as ‘Brynhafren’)
2 ‘(the) hill (overlooking the) (Môr) Hafren’ (in English, the Bristol Channel)
Name
of a secondary school in Merthyrdyfan. by Y Barri / Barry, Bro
Morgannawg (spelt
as ‘Bryn Hafren’)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn
Hafren (bryn
= hill) + (Hafren
= Afon Hafren i.e. the river Severn; or Hafren
= Môr Hafren i.e. ‘the
Severn Sea’, the Severn Estuary / the Bristol Channel)
:_______________________________ .
Brynhedydd
<brin-HEE-didh>
[brɪnˡheˑdɪð]
1
One of the fifteen townships in the ancient parish
of Rhuddlan. In
1844 a new parish was created for Rhyl and this was made up of most
of the old township of that name. The parish of Rhyl incorporated
most of the old township of Brynhedydd in 1891.
In Y Rhyl / (in English usage: Rhyl) in the county of Dinbych / Denbigh, North Wales, there is a Ffordd Brynhedydd / Brynhedydd Road, and a nearby road called Bae Brynhedydd / Brynhedydd Bay.
The
name is seen also Ysgol Gynradd Bryn Hedydd Name of a primary school
in Y Rhyl
(though perhaps ‘Brynhedydd’
is the better spelling, as it is the name of the township (settlement
names are spelt with the elements run together), rather than a hill
(geographical features are spelt with the elements separated)).
2 Street
name in Llangyfelach, Abertawe / Swansea (spelt as ‘Bryn
Hedydd’)
Street name in Bangor, Gwynedd (LL57 3HR)
3 House name, Capeldewi, Ceredigion (spelt as ‘Brynhedydd’)
House name, Solfach, Sir Benfro (spelt as ‘Brynhedydd’)
House
name, Y Plwmp, by Llanddysul, Ceredigion (spelt as
‘Brynhedydd’)
ETYMOLOGY: bryn
yr ehedydd
= hill of the skylark / skylark hill / lark hill.
(The scientific name of the skylark is Alauda arvensis)
(bryn = hill) + (yr = definite article) + (ehedydd = skylark);
(.1) in names of the type “qualified noun + definite article + qualifying noun” the omission of the article is common in place names;
(.2) hedydd is ehedydd with the loss of the first syllable. This loss of a first syllable especially with nouns is common in Welsh.
(In
Middle Welsh and early modern Welsh
‘ehedydd’ also meant ‘bird’,
which is its original meaning – literally ‘flier, that
which flies’, from the verb ‘ehedeg’ (= to
fly))
:_______________________________ .
Brynheulog
<brin-HEI-log>
[brɪnˡhəɪlɔg]
1
house name
House in Brynna (county of Rhondda
Cynon Taf)
2
street name
(1) Aberpennar ST0499 (county of
Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(2) Yr Eglwysnewydd,
Caer-dydd
(3)
Heol-y-cyw
SS9484 (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(4) Llanharan ST0083(county
of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(5) Pen-twyn,
Caer-dydd
(6) Ton-du SS8984 (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
(7)
Treherbert (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (8) Ystradgynlais SN7810
(county of Powys)
3
village name
(1) hamlet (county of Pen-y-bont
ar Ogwr) west of the villages of Bryn-cae
/ Llanharan (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf)
(2) SS8594 hamlet
next to Caerau (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8594
map
(delwdd
7535)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn
heulog = the sunny hill
(y
= definite article) + (bryn
= hill) + (heulog
= sunny)
NOTE: Compare the Occitan name
Clarmont (“light
hill”), which seems to have the same
meaning
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-hydd
<brin-HIIDH>
[brɪnˡhiːð]
1
house name in Bangor (Gwynedd)
ETYMOLOGY:
bryn yr hydd “(the)
hill (of) the stag”, “stag hill”
(bryn
= hill) + (yr
definite article) + (hydd
= stag)
The linking definite
article is often omitted in place names: bryn
yr hydd > bryn hydd
:_______________________________
.
Y Brynhyfryd
<ə
brin HƏV-rid>
[ə
brɪn ˡhəvrɪd]
1
house name
2
street name in Rhosllannerchrugog (county of
Wrecsam)
3
locality SS6595 in Abertawe
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS6595
map
ETYMOLOGY: the pleasant hill; mount
pleasant
(y =
definite article) + (bryn =
hill) + (hyfryd =
pleasant)
:_______________________________ .
Bryniau
Clwyd <BRƏN-yai,
-ye, KLUID>
[ˡbrənjaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡklʊɪd]
(plural noun)
1
Clwydian Range, hills in the north-east from
Llandegla yn Iâl at
their southern end to Prestatyn
in the north, on the coast. The highest peak is
Moel Famau SJ1662 (554 metres)
An alternative name for Bryniau
Clwyd is Moelydd
Clwyd (moel
= bare hill)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/269781
Moel Famau
(delwedd
7212)
ETYMOLOGY: (bryniau
= hills) + (Clwyd =
river name) “(the) hills (of) (the) (river) Clwyd”
:_______________________________ .
Bryniau’r
Cymry <BRƏN-yair,
-yer, KƏM-ri>
[ˡbrənjaɪr,
-jɛr, ˡkəmrɪ]
1
The Welsh name of Welsh Hills, a former Welsh
settlement in Granville, Licking County, Ohio.
Pan
gyrhaeddodd y cŵch Newark, yr oedd yn tywyllu nos Iau.
Derbyniwyd ni gan y Cymry yno yn garedig. Aeth
fy nghyfeillion i'r wlad, llettyais inau yn y dref. Aethym gydâ
chyfaill i ymweled â hwynt dranoeth. Gorphwysasom y diwrnod
hwnw, a theimlem ein hunain yn flinedig iawn. Tranoeth, buom yn cadw
society yn
Nghapel Saron ar Fryniau y Cymry. Dydd Sul, y 23ain, pregethodd y
Brodyr yno am 10 a 2; ac am 6 yn Newark, yn Nghapel y Bedyddwyr
Seisonig, (Y Cyfaill o’r Hen Wlad
yn America, Cyfrol 3, 1840, page 140)
When the boat reached
Newark, dusk was falling on Thursday night. We were kindly received
by the Welsh people there. My friends went to the country, I for my
part lodged in the town. We went with a friend to visit them the next
day. We rested that day and we felt very tired. The next day, we held
a chapel meeting in Saron Chapel on the Welsh Hills. On Sunday, the
23rd,
the Brethren preached at 10 and at 2; and at 6 in Newark, in the
English-language Baptist Chapel.
NOTE:
The settlement was founded by Thomas Philipps and his associate
Theophilus Rees. They had arrived with their families from Wales in
1795 and had settled for a short time in Beulah near Ebensburg,
Cambria County, Pennsylvania. Thomas Philipps was born in 1735 in
Llandeilo, county of Caerfyrddin (English: Carmarthen), and died aged
77 / 78 on May 20, 1813 in Welsh Hills. The land, some two
thousand acres in extent, was purchased from Sampson Davis, a
Welshman of Philadelphia, who held some 3,000 acres in what is now
the northeast quarter of Granville Township. In 1801 John Rees, son
of Theophilus Rees, settled there to erect a cabin and to clear some
of the land for cultivation, in preparation for the arrival of
members of the family, who arrived in 1802.
Information 12 09
2002 at
www.geocities.com/welshfolk
Theophilus
Rees was one of the nine charter members who founded the Particular
Baptist Church of Granville on September 4, 1808
Information
12 09 2002
at
www.carthage.lib.il.us/community/churches/primbap/FamHist-LickingOH.html
ETYMOLOGY:
“(the) hills (of) the Welsh (people)”
(bryniau
= hills, plural of bryn
= hill) + (y
definite article, the) + (Cymry
= Welshmen, Welsh
people)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-lliw
<brin-LHIU>
[brɪnˡɬɪʊ]
1
locality in the county of Abertawe
..1961: population: 4.063; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 53%
..1971:
population: 3.810; proportion of Welsh-speakers: 41%
ETYMOLOGY:
“(the) hill (overlooking the river) Lliw” (bryn
= hill) + (Lliw)
2 Cf
Pont-lliw (SN6101)
locality in the county of Abertawe, 3km south-east of Pontarddulais
(pont =
bridge) + (Lliw river
name ) (= bridge (over) (the river)
Lliw
:_______________________________ .
Brynllongwr
<brin-LHONG-UR>
[brɪnˡɬɔŋʊr]
1
housing development in Y Barri (“Bryn
Llongwr”)
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently a recent name c. 2003 -
bryn y llongwr “(the)
hill (of) the mariner” (bryn
= hill) + (y definite
article) + (llongwr =
sailor, mariner) :_______________________________ .
Bryn-llwyd
<brin-LHUID>
[brɪnˡɬʊɪd]
1
housse name
..a/ house in
Porthaethwy
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/369099
Bryn-llwyd
ETYMOLOGY: y
bryn llwyd “the grey hill”
(y definite
article) + (bryn =
hill) + (llwyd =
grey, brown)
:_______________________________ .
Bryn-mair
<brin
MAIR>
[brɪnˡmaɪr]
1
street name in Merthyrtudful
ETYMOLOGY:
“(the) hill (of) Mary”, “Mary’s hill”
(bryn =
hill) + (Mair =
Mary)
:_______________________________
.
Bryn Mawr
<brin
MAUR>
[brɪnˡmaʊr]
1
hill name
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn mawr “the
big hill” (y =
the) + (bryn =
hill) + (mawr =
big)
:_______________________________
.
Bryn-mawr
<brin
MAUR>
[brɪnˡmaʊr]
1
place name
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn mawr “the
big hill” (y =
the) + (bryn =
hill) + (mawr =
big)
NOTE: Spelt as a single word if a settlement name; if the final element is monosyllabic, it is separated by means of a hyphen
Many places in the USA called Bryn Mawr, after the place so-called in Pennsylvania, itself a transferred name from Wales. However, the original Welsh prounciation has been lost, and ‘mawr’ is pronounced as if read as an English word (with the ‘aw’ of ‘raw, Dawkin, law, etc).
..a/ Bryn Mawr a district of Minneapolis
..b/ Bryn Mawr a district of Chicago
..c/ Bryn Mawr a district of Seattle
:_______________________________
.
Brynmelyn
<brin-MEE-lin>
[brɪnˡmeˑlɪn]
1
farm 1km south-east of Pen-rhiw-fawr SN7410
(county of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan)
ETYMOLOGY: y bryn
melyn
“the yellow hill” (y
= the) + (bryn
= hill) + (melyn
= yellow)
:_______________________________
.
Y
Brynna
<ə
BRƏ-na> [ə
ˡbrəna]
1
See Y Brynnau
:_______________________________ .
Y
Brynnau
<ə-BRƏ-nai,
-e> [əˡbrənaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
village in the county of Rhondda-Cynon-Taf,
south-east Wales SS9883
The local name (which is also the official
name) is Brynna (in
the south-east, a final –au
becomes <a>
[a])
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the hills’
Apparently from
the name of the nearby hills called Brynnau
Gwynion ‘white hills’
<BRƏN-yai,
-ye GWƏN-yon
/ GWI-non>
[ˡbrənjaɪ,
-jɛ ˡgwənjɔn])
(the local name would be ‘(y) Brynna Gwynnon’
<BRƏ-na
GWƏ-non
/ GWI-non>
[ˡbrəna
ˡgwənɔn / ˡgwɪnɔn]
:_______________________________
.
brynnau
<BRƏ-nai,
-e> [ˡbrənaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
plural (southern form) of bryn
= hill. The standard form is bryniau
Coed
y Brynnau wood north-east of Rhuthun
(county of Bro Morgannwg).
The local pronunciation would be
Cood y
Brynna
:_______________________________
.
Brynoffa
<brin-OO-fa>
[brɪnˡoːfa]
(1)
street name in Rhosllannerchrugog SJ2946 (county of Wrecsam)
(2)
street name in Coed-poeth SJ2851 (county of Wrecsam)
(3) name
of a district on the western side of Rhos-ddu SJ3351 (county of
Wrecsam) and also a street name here
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/622605
(4)
Lôn Brynoffa (Bryn Offa Lane), Argoed / New Brighton, Sir y
Fflint
ETYMOLOGY: ‘the hill of Offa’ (bryn
= hill) + (Offa).
The meaning is rather ‘(the) hill (overlooking) Offa’s
Dyke’ i.e.“bryn (Clawdd) Offa”.
Offa was
king (757-796) of the Anglian kingdom of Mercia, and according to
tradition had an earthern bank and ditch constructed to serve as a
demarcation line between his kingdom (which was made up of lands
conquered from the Welsh by the Mercians) and the territory still in
the hands of the Welsh.
1300 years later the ditch still
exists, and it is still known as Clawdd
Offa, the ditch of Offa (in English
Offa’s Dyke)
:_______________________________
.
Brynogwy
<brin-OO-gui>
[brɪnˡoːgʊɪ]
1
“(the) hill (overlooking the) Ogwy
(river)”
In the village of
Nant-y-moel (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) there is “Brynogwy
Terrace” (which would be simply Brynogwy,
or Rhestr Brynogwy,
in Welsh)
ETYMOLOGY: (bryn
= hill) + (Ogwy
river name)
Ogwy
is a fanciful name for the river Ogwr
(Og-
first syllable of the river name Ogwr)
+ (-wy, a
supposed suffix meaning ‘water’.)
See the entry
gwy (=
water) for more examples of fanciful river names with a final
-wy
:_______________________________ .
Bryn’refail
<brin-REE-vail,
.vel>
[brɪnˡreˑvaɪl,
-ɛl]
1
SH5662 locality in the county of Gwynedd
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SH5662?by=class
map
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/536559
bythynnod / cottages
ETYMOLOGY: (bryn
+ ’r + efail) < bryn
yr efail “(the) hill (of) the smithy”
(bryn
= hill) + (yr
= the) + soft mutation + (gefail
= smithy)
:_______________________________
.
Bryn
Saith Marchog <brin-saith-MAR-khog>
[brɪn
saɪθ ˡmarxɔg]
1
SJ0750 hamlet in Sir Ddinbych, south-east of
Corwen
A
Topographical Dictionary of Wales / Samuel Lewis / 1849
“Near
Gwyddelwern there is a place called Bryn Saith Marchog, from its
being the spot where Owain Glyndwr surprised Reginald de Grey and
seven knights, whom he made
prisoners”
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/563180
ETYMOLOGY:
bryn y saith marchog “(the)
hill (of) seven horsemen / knights”
(bryn
= hill) + (y
= the) + (saith =
seven) + (marchog =
horseman, knight)
But since saith
(seith in
Middle Welsh) can also mean “saint”, there is the
possiblity that Saith Marchog is “Saint Marchog”, though
it is unusual to find ‘saith / sant’ referring to members
of the Celtic Church.
:_______________________________ .
Bryn
Seion <brin-SEI-on>
[brɪnˡsəɪɔn]
1
Mount Zion, the hill on which the city of
Jerusalem stands
2
chapel name
...(1) Bryn
Seion name of a Congregationalist
church, now interdenominational, founded in June 1884 at Beavercreek,
Oregon, USA, (17 miles south-east of Portland), and considered to be
the oldest Welsh chapel on the west
coast
http://www.wapnw.org/brynseion.htm
...(2)
Heol Bryn Seion street
name in Rhymni (county of Caerffili)
ETYMOLOGY: “(the)
hill (of) Zion” (bryn =
hill) + (Seion =
Zion).
Bryn Seion may
be a translation of English “mount Zion”.
The word
bryn (=
hill) has replaced mynydd (=
mountain) – in the Welsh Bible the expression is always mynydd
Seion.
Eseia 8:18 Wele
fi a’r plant a roddes yr Arglwydd i mi, yn arwyddion ac yn
rhyfeddodau yn Israel; oddi wrth Arglwydd y lluoedd, yr hwn sydd yn
trigo ym mynydd Seion
Isaiah 8:18
Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs
and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in
mount Zion.
NOTE: Sometimes there are chapels with the name
Bryn Zion (qv).
The form Zion is
from the English Bible (in modern edtions of the Welsh Bible it is
Seion; in older
editions it is Sion).
See Mynydd Seion (=
Mount Zion)
:_______________________________ .
Brynseion
<brin-SEI-on>
[brɪnˡsəɪɔn]
1
some chapel names so spelt, instead of with the
elements separated (Bryn Seion)
2 street name, Solfach (Sir Benfro) (“Bryn Seion”)
(Settlement
names (and street names that resemble settlement names in that they
contain no element indicating a street) would be spelt, sensu
strictiore, as a single
word)
ETYMOLOGY: See Bryn
Seion
:_______________________________
.
Brynsiencyn
<brin-SHENG-kin>
[brɪnˡʃɛŋkɪn]
1
village in the county of Môn ('hill of
Siencyn')
:_______________________________
.
Brynsiriol
<brin-SIR-yol>
[brɪnˡsɪrjɔl]
“merry
hill”
1
house name
2
street name
..a/ Caerffili (spelt as ‘Bryn
Siriol’) ..b/ Cimla, Castell-nedd (county of Castell-nedd ac
Aberafan) (spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’) ..c/ Coed-poeth (county
of Wrecsam)
..d/ Dinbych
(spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..e/ Gwauncaegurwen (county
of Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’)
..f/
Hirwaun (county of Rhondda Cynon Taf) (spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’)
..g/
Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin) (spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..h/
Llansanffráid ym Mechain, (SJ2120) (district of Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
..i/
Pen-tyrch
(county of Caer-dydd)
(spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..j/ Ton-mawr (county of
Castell-nedd ac Aberafan) (spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’)
..k/
Y Betws (county of Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) (spelt as ‘Bryn
Siriol’)
..l/ Y Cymer (districte de Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
(spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..m/ Y Fflint (spelt as ‘Bryn
Siriol’)
..n/ Y Trallwng (districte de Maldwyn,
county of Powys)
(spelt as ‘Brynsiriol’)
..o/ Yr Hengoed (county of
Caerffili) (spelt as ‘Bryn Siriol’)
..p/ (spelt as
‘Brynsiriol Road’) Fforest-fach (county of Abertawe) This
would be Heol Brynsiriol in
Welsh
ETYMOLOGY: “y bryn
siriol” the merry / pleasant hill
(y
= definite article) + (bryn
= hill) + (siriol
= happy / merry / cheerful / pleasant)
Some
of the examples spell the name as two words, others as one. In fact,
settlement names and street names resembling settlement names are
written together as one word, hence Bryn
Siriol (name of a hill – though
probably no such hill exists) > Brynsiriol
(name of a house / houses named after such a hill)
:_______________________________ .
Brynteifi
<brin-TEI-vi>
[brɪnˡtəɪvɪ]
1
(SN4539) locality in the county of Caerfyrddin
ETYMOLOGY: “(the) hill (overlooking the river) Teifi”
(bryn =
hill) + (Teifi river
name)
:_______________________________ .
Bryntirion
‹brin-TIR-yon›
[brɪnˡtɪrjɔn]
1
(SS8880) locality in Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS8880
map
2
Bryntirion
Street
name in
..a/ Bedwas (county of Caerffili) (spelt as
‘Bryntirion’)
..b/ Bethesda , Bangor (county of
Gwynedd)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..c/ Biwmaris (county of Ynys
Môn) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..d/ Caer-dydd
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..e/ Caerffili (county of
Caerffili) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..f/ Clydach
(county of Abertawe) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..g/
Coed-llai (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..h/
Conwy (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion Park’)
..i/ Corris
(county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..j/
Dolgarrog, (county of Conwy) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..k/
Glan-y-pwll, Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryn
Tirion’)
..l/ Henllan, (county of Dinbych)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..m/ Licswm (county of Y
Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..n/ Pant-llwyd,
Blaenau Ffestiniog (county of Gwynedd) (spelt as ‘Bryn
Tirion’)
..o/ Pen-isa’r-waun (county of Gwynedd)
(spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..p/ Pen-y-sarn (county of
Ynys
Môn) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..q/ Pontyberem
(county of Caerfyrddin) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion’)
..r/
Rhewl, Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion’)
..s/
Ynys-boeth, Aberpennar (county of Cynon Rhondda Taf) (spelt as
‘Bryntirion’)
Also an element in street names in
these villages / towns:
Abergele (county of Conwy)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Bagillt (county of Y
Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Road’)
Cricieth (county
of Gwynedd)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Cyffordd Llandudno
(county of Conwy)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Dinbych
(county of Dinbych)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Dowlais (county of
Merthyrtudful)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Street’)
Llanelli (county of
Caerfyrddin) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Llanfair
Pwllgwyngyll (county of Ynys
Môn) (spelt as ‘Bryn Tirion Estate’)
Llangollen
(county of Dinbych)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Llys-faen, Baecolwyn
(county of Conwy)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Close’)
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Hill’)
Pont-lliw (county of
Abertawe) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Road’)
Prestatyn
(county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Court’)
Prestatyn,
(county of Y Fflint) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Drive’)
Rhiwabon
(county of Wrecsam) (spelt as ‘Bryntirion Terrace’)
Y
Rhyl (county of Dinbych)
(spelt as ‘Bryntirion Avenue’)
ETYMOLOGY: “(y)
bryn
tirion” : “(the) pleasant hill”
(bryn
= hill) + (tirion
= pleasant)
Names of villages / houses /
streets with names which resemble names of house are written as a
single word
:_______________________________
.
Brynwyn
<BRƏN-win>
[ˡbrənwɪn]
(m)
1
male forename
ETYMOLOGY: Apparently (bryn
= hill) + (-wyn
suffix for male names, soft-mutated form of gwyn
= white; fair)
Names with –wyn
with apparently elements from place
names or geographic features: Caerwyn, Glynwyn, Rhydwyn
JONES
- PHILLIPS. Sept 3rd, at High-street, Baptist Church, Merthyr Tydfil,
by the Rev. Emlyn DAVIES, B. A., B. D., B. Litt., T. Brynwyn JONES,
Barclays Bank; E. V. to Gladys, daughter of Alderman F. A. PHILLIPS,
J. P. and Mrs. PHILLIPS, "Lawrenny", Merthyr
Tydfil.
Western
Mail and South Wales News Thursday September 5th, 1935
http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/MONMOUTHSHIRE/2008-08/1217786986
:_______________________________
Bryn-y-môr
<brin-ə-MOOR>
[brɪnəˡmoːr]
1
name of a farm overlooking the Gwendraeth estuary,
Cydweli
ETYMOLOGY: (“(the) hill (of) the sea”),
i.e. a hill looking onto the sea
(bryn
= hill) + (y
definite article) + (môr
= sea)
This pattern of name is not usually
given to a hill itself, but to a dwelling – either a farmhouse
or a house in a village - situated on the slope of such a hill.
A
similar house name is Bryn-y-don
(“(the) hill (of) the sea”), (bryn
= hill) + (y
definite article) + soft mutation + (ton
= sea; synechdochal use – the part being
used to refer to the whole – of the word ton
= wave)
Names with bryn
followed by the name of a river are
also very common, with the sense of a house on a hillside with the
view of a river on the valley floor – Bryn-taf,
Brynystwyth, Bryn-gwy, Brynhafren,
etc
:_______________________________
Brynyreithin
<brin-ər-EI-thin>
[brɪnərˡəɪθɪn]
1
name of a farm SJ1370 near Yr Afon-wen, county of
Flintshire (“Bryn yr Eithin” on the O.S.
map)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/241257
map
(delwedd
7066) eithin / gorse
ETYMOLOGY:
(“(the) hill (of) the gorse”, gorse hill) (bryn
= hill) + (yr
definite article) + (eithin
= gorse)
See also
Bryneithin
:_______________________________
.
Bryn Zion
<brin-ZEI-on>
[brɪnˡzəɪɔn]
1
chapel name; “Mount Zion”, the hill on
which the city of Jerusalem stands
(1) Bryn
Zion Church, Mount Gilead (between Columbus and Mansfield, in Ohio)
403322N 0750404W
(2) Bryn
Zion Church, Mifflin (Iowa county, Wisconsin) 424952N 0902110W
(3)
Bryn
Zion Cemetery, Kenton (Delaware) 391416N 0753912W
NOTE: A
hybrid name. Seion is
the name of the hill in the Welsh Bible, and so Bryn
Seion is the correct present-day Welsh
form.
Zion is
the form found in the English Bible (Older editions of the Welsh
Bible have Sion).
See
Bryn
Seion
:_______________________________
.
brys
<BRIIS>
[briːs]
masculine noun
1
hurry, haste
Mae
arno i frys I'm in a hurry
Beth
yw'r brys mawr arnoch chi heddiw? Why
are you in such a hurry today? (“What is the big hurry on
you”)
ar frys hurriedly,
in haste, hastily, quickly, rapidly
mewn
brys hurriedly, in haste, hastily,
quickly, rapidly
ar frys gwyllt
in a mad rush (“on + haste +
wild”)
heb frys without
hurry, unhurriedly
Does dim brys
There’s no hurry
Uned
Ddamweiniau ac Achosion Brys Accident
and Emergency Unit (section of a hospital) (“unit (of)
accidents and urgent cases”)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British < Celtic *brst-
Cf. Irish bras
(=
swift)
:_______________________________
brys
<BRIIS>
[briːs]
noun adjunct
1
speedy, hurried, swift; = done in a short
time
sosban frys,
plural sosbenni brys
pressure cooker (“speedy
saucepan”)
archeb frys
rush order (“speedy order”)
2
emergency = done at short notice
gwaith
brys emergency work
Mae
angen gwneud gwaith brys ar yr argae i gadw’r môr allan
o’r pentref
There’s a
need to do emergency work on the dyke to keep the see out of the
village
cymorth brys emergency
aid
dadl frys PLURAL
dadleuon brys emergency
debate
3
rushing yr
oriau brys the rush hours
ETYMOLOGY:
see brys (noun)
:_______________________________ .
brysio
<BRƏ-sho>
[ˡbrəʃɔ]
(verb)
1
to hurry
:_______________________________
.
Brython
<BRƏ-thon>
[ˡbrəθɔn]
m
PLURAL Brythoniaid
<brə-THON-yaid,
-yed>
[brəˡθɔnjaɪd,
-ɛd]
1
Briton = member of the British branch of the
Celtic peoples; proto-Welshman
yr
Hen Frythoniaid the ancient Britons
2
Welshman (used figuratively; the Britons being the
ancestors of the Welsh)
Y Brython
name of a magazine
..1/ (1853-1863)
magazine edited by Robert Isaac Jones “Alltud Eifion” of
Porthmadog;
..2/ (1906-1939) another magazine of the same
name founded by Hugh Evans for the Welsh community in Liverpool, and
later a Wales-wide publication
Cymdeithas
y Brython society formed by Michael
Daniel Jones circa 1850 to assist Welsh people emigrating to the USA
(“the society of the Briton”)
Aelwyd
Brythoniaid y Graig “the ‘hearth’
of the Britons of the Rock”. (an aelwyd / “hearth”
is a meeting place for members of the Urdd Gobaith Cymru
organisation). Such a branch was set up by young Welsh soldiers
stationed in Gibraltar in the Second World War (Page 24 “Cerddi
ac Atgofion Twm Bethel”, T H Jones, 1976)
NOTE: Irish
Breathnach (=
Briton) is from the Welsh word (+ the suffix -ach)
In
Ireland, where there was a heavy settlement of Welsh troops who had
been in the pay of the English invaders, the epithet in Irish
Breathnach has
become a surname (anglicised as “Brannagh”; or translated
into English as “Walsh”, a form of “Welsh”)
:_______________________________ .
Brythoneg
<brə-THOO-neg>
[brəˡθoˑnɛg]
feminine noun
1
British (= language); the Celtic language of the
peoples who inhabited the island of (Great) Britain until the
invasions of the German peoples in the fifth century
2
Welsh (= language). Sometimes used in this sense
in the 1800s. And sometimes in the form Brythonaeg
<brə-THOO-naig>
[brəˡθoˑnaɪg]
through supposing that there was a suffix
-aeg meaning
'language' rather than -eg,
as a result of misunderstanding the composition of the word Cymraeg
(= Welsh language), and the influence of the word
Hebraeg (=
Hebrew language). Some writers insisted on replacing -eg
with –aeg
Mae
yn y brif-ddinas lawer o gannoedd o Gymry, ond nid oes dros ugain, un
amser, yn ymgyfarfod yn ystafell y Cymreigyddion; mae cannoedd
ohonynt yn rhy falch a choeglyd i
ymunaw â'u brodyr llafurus, er cadw a choethi yr hen Frythonaeg
Seren Gomer 1835. “Diffyg
Gwladgarwch yn Mhlith y Cymry,
ac Adfeiliad y Gymraeg”
There are in the capital city (=
London) many hundreds of Welsh people, but there are no more than
twenty who meet in the room of the Cymreigyddion (= an association
for promoting interest in Welsh history and literature). Hundreds of
them are two conceited and affected to join their hardworking
brothers to maintain and refine the old British language (=
Welsh)
Seren Gomer 1835 (“The Lack of Patriotism among the
Welsh, and the Decay of the Welsh Language”)
y
Frythoneg = the British
language
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython
= Briton, person who spoke British) + (-es,
suffix for forming nouns to indicate languages)
:_______________________________ .
Brythoneg
<brə-THOO-neg>
[brəˡθoˑnɛg]
(adjective)
1
(language) British,
proto-Welsh
:_______________________________ .
Brythones
<brə-THOO-nes>
[brəˡθoˑnɛs]
feminine noun
PLURAL
Brythonesau
<brə-tho-NE-sai,
-e>
[brəθɔˡnɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
British woman = one of the British-speaking
peoples who inhabited the island of (Great) Britain until the
invasions of the German peoples in the fifth century
y
Frythones = the British woman
2
(rarely) Welshwoman
3
Y Frythones =
'the Welshwoman', women's magazine edited and published between 1878
and 1891 by Cranogwen, pen-name of Sarah Jane Rees, 1839-1916 (died
aged 76, 77), a poet from Llangrannog, Ceredigion
ETYMOLOGY:
(Brython =
Briton, person who spoke British) + (-es,
suffix for forming nouns to indicate
females)
:_______________________________ .
Brythonig
<brə-THOO-nig>
[brəˡθoˑnɪg]
adjective
1
British, Brittonic = referring to the Britons
(this people, their language, culture or land) who inhabitated the
island of Britain until the Germanic invasions ot the fifth century,
and later split into isolated groups, survivors of which at the
present day are the Welsh, Cornish and Bretons
2
British, Brittonic - descended from the old
Britons
Llydaw - ein chwaer wlad
Frythonig
Brittany - our British
sister country
ETYMOLOGY: (Brython
= Briton, person who speaks British) + (-ig,
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________
.
Brython
Rhufeinig <BRƏ-thon
hri-VEI-nig>
[ˡbrəθɔn
hrɪˡvəɪnɪg]
(masculine noun)
1
Romanised Briton
:_______________________________
.
brywedd-dy
<brə-WEDH-di>
[brəˡwɛðdɪ]
masculine noun
1
(South-east Wales)
See berwedd-dy
(brewhouse)
:_______________________________
.
bryweddu
<brə-WEE-dhi>
[brəˡweˑðɪ]
verb
1
(South-east Wales)
See berweddu
(to brew)
:_______________________________ .
brywes
<BRƏ-wes>
[ˡbrəwɛs]
[
Olde Cheshire Dialecte.
http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
Browis, browes : gruel made by pouring hot water with butter or cream over small lumps of bread, seasoned with pepper and salt ]
:_______________________________
.
Bsantísho?
<bsan-TI-sho>
[bsanˡtɪʃɔ]
1
(Caernarfon, North-west Wales) = Pa
beth sydd arnat ti ei eisiau? What do
you need / require / want?
“Let them see how in their
spoken Welsh the accent turns a sentence of many words into a single
word of one or two syllables... e.g. pa beth sydd arnat ti ei eisieu?
has become bsantísho”
T Hudson Williams (1873-1961),
University College, Bangor / Vox Populi - A Plea for the Vulgar
Tongue
:_______________________________
.
bu
<BII>
[biː]
feminine noun
1
cow, ox;
It does not exist as an independent
word in modern Welsh, but it is found in certain compound words and
derivatives
(a) buarth
farmyard (bu
+ garth =
enclosure)
(b) buddel
pillar, post (to which a cow is tied in a
cowhouse) (bu +
delw =
post, image, idol)
(c) Buellt
district in Powys
‘cattle pasture’ (bu
+ gwellt =
grass, pasture)
(d) bugail
shepherd (bu
+ an element related to cail
= flock of sheep)
(e) bugloddio
to turn up the ground with horns (bu
+ cloddio
= to dig)
______________________________________________________________
ETYMOLOGY:
(1)
Welsh bu-
< British *bow-
< Celtic < Indo-European *gwôus
In other Celtic languages, corresponding
to Welsh bu < *bow:
(a) Cornish has
...(i) bu-
in bugel (=
herdsman), buorth (=
cattleyard), busel (=
cattle dung);
...(ii) also bow-
(= cow / cows) in compound words – bowji
(= cowshed), bowlann
(= cowfold), bownder
(= farm lane, etc)
(b) Breton
has bu- in
bugel (=
child, originally herdsman), buorzh (=
cattleyard), bugen (=
cowhide)
(c) Irish bó
(=
cow);
______________________________________________________________
(2)
In Latin it is bôs
/ bovis (= cow), from this comes
English bovine,
Catalan bou, boví (=
ox,
bovine);
______________________________________________________________
(3)
Greek boûs
Also cf English butter
< Old English butere
< Latin bûtyrum
< Greek bouturon
< bous
(= cow), turos
(=
cheese)
______________________________________________________________
(4)
In the Germanic languages from the same
Indo-European word *gwôus:
English cow (Old
English cû),
German die Kuh (=
cow), Dutch koe (=
cow)
______________________________________________________________
(5)
Other languages from the same Indo-European word
*gwôus:
Armenian kov,
Latvian guovs,
Sanskrit gâu
______________________________________________________________
Welsh
buwch (=
cow) was originally buch (the
‘w’ is a later development) from British *boukk-â
(British kk always
becomes Welsh ch)
Welsh
buwch corresponds
to Cornish bugh (=
cow) and Breton buoc’h (=
cow) (originally buc’h -,
the u in
the Breton word has become a dipthong uo,
in the same way that in Welsh u
>
uw)
______________________________________________________________
Cf
English buglos [byúu-glos]
(Anchusa officinalis) plant with rough leaves,
used in medicine < Latin buglossa
(bû-,
stem of bôs =
ox) + (glôssa =
tongue) = Greek bouglôssos;
Also
English bugle <
French < Latin bûcul(us)
(bû-,
stem of bôs =
ox) + (-culus,
diminutive suffix)
:_______________________________ .
bu
<BII>
[biː]
verb
1
‘there has been’,
(third-person
singular preterite of bod =
to be)
Ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny
He didn’t live long after that
2
(he / she / it) has been
(third-person
singular preterite of bod =
to be)
Grammadeg
o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63
In South Wales buais,
bues, buo are often heard used for bum;
and buodd for
bu
:_______________________________
.
buais
<BII-ais>
[ˡbiˑaɪs]
verb
1
1 I
have been
(first-person singular preterite of bod
= to be)
Grammadeg
o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63
In South Wales buais,
bues, buo are often heard used for bum;
and buodd for
bu
:_______________________________
.
buan ‹BÎ
an› (adj)
1
quick
2
Dyna fuan yr â’r amser heibio
How time passes / flies! (“there’s
fast that goes the time by”)
3
Nid un foment yn rhy fuan Not
a moment too soon
:_______________________________ .
buarth
‹bî
-arth› masculine
noun
PLURAL buarthau
‹bi-ar-the›
1
farmyard = enclosed space in which farm buildings
are situated, often where hens roam freely
Steddfod
y Buarth jocular name for the
agricultural show at Llanelwedd (since it is an annual event for the
whole of Wales like the National Eisteddfod) (“(the) eisteddfod
(of) the farmyard”)
2
wy buarth
free-range egg (“egg {of the} farmyard”)
3
buarth dodefnod poultry
run (hens, geese, ducks)
4
yard in front of a building
buarth
siop saer yard in front of a
carpenter’s workshop, buarth y
siop saer the yard in front of the
carpenter’s workshop
buarth
melin mill yard, yard in front of a
mill, buarth y felin the
mill yard, the yard in front of the mill
buarth
ysgol school playground, buarth
yr ysgol the school playground
ar
fuarth yr ysgol in the school
playground
buarth chwarae
playground
buarth
tafarn yard of an inn, inn yard; buarth
y tafarn the yard of the inn, the inn
yard
5
obsolete cowfold,
enclosure for milking cows
6
obsolete enclosure
for pigs, sheep, goats, or other animals
buarth
moch pig pen
7
obsolete pound
for stray cattle
8
obsolete meeting
place; meeting
9
(Place name) Y Buarth
(“the cowfold”), an area of
Aberystwyth
Here there is Heol y Buarth (“Buarth
Road”) and Coedybuarth (“Coed
y Buarth”) “(the) wood (of) Y Buarth”
ETYMOLOGY:
(bu = cow)
+ soft mutation + (garth =
enclosure);
Cornish buorth
(= cattle yard); (bu
= cow) + soft mutation + (gorth
= enclosure);
Welsh garth
(= enclosure): Compare
Irish
gort (=
enclosure),
Latin hortus
(= garden), seen also in English "horticulture",
"orchard", "cohort" and "court".
Greek
khortos (=
enclosure), seen also in English "chorus" / "choir"
(enclosure for singing and dancing).
Old Slavic gradu
(= enclosure, city), in Russian revived as –grad
to coin new city name (as in Leningrad,
Stalingrad); and it is also the origin of gorod
(= city) and ogorod
(= garden) in modern Russian. It is probably a
word taken into Old Slavic form the Germanic language of the Slavs’
neighbours, the Ostrogoths.
:_______________________________
.
buarthfa
‹bi-ARTH-va›
PLURAL buarthféydd
‹bi-arth-VEIDD›
1
cattle yard, cattle fold
Buarthfa
(former?) place in Llangrallo Uchaf /
Coychurch Higher, south-east Wales
ETYMOLOGY: (buarth
= cattle yard, cattle fold) + (-fa
prefix = place)
:_______________________________
.
buast ti
= buost ti ‹BI
a sti› (verb)
1
you have been
(North)
:_______________________________ .
buchdraeth
‹bikh
-draith› (f)
PLURAL
buchdraethau
‹bikh-
drei -the›
1
biography
This literary word was never in
general use. An example of it is a book title for the year 1888.
Buchdraeth y Parch. (Parchedig)
John Mills, Llundain. “(the) biography (of)
the Reverend John Mills, London”
ETYMOLOGY: (buch-,
first syllable of buchedd =
life) + soft mutation + (traeth
= treatise, declaration, narration). First
occurrence of this word noted for the year
1818.
:_______________________________ .
buches
‹bi
-khes› feminine
noun
PLURAL buchesau
‹bi-khe-se›
1
herd of cows
y
fuches the herd
buches
laeth herd of milch cows
ffermwr
yn galw ar ei fuches o gae i'w godro
the
farmer calling his herd of cows from the field to milk them
buches
arddyst attested herd (i.e. certified
free from specific deiseases, such as bovine TB)
2
milking-fold for cows (Scotland: loan);
Also
in minor place names:
Y
Fuches-wen ‹ə
vî-khes wen› =
“the white milking-fold” (place near Ponterwyd
village, Ceredigion)
buches
ddefaid fold where sheep are
milked
brith y fuches
‹briith
ə VI-khes› “black-and-white
bird of the milking fold”. This is an alternative name for the
siglen wen (pied
wagtail, Motacilla alba ystemli)
ETYMOLOGY: (“group pf cows”) (buch-
= cow, an older form of buwch)
+ (-es =
collective suffix).
The suffix is to be seen also in the word
llynges (=
fleet, navy) < llong (=
boat).
:_______________________________
.
buchod
‹BI
khod› (npl)
1
cows; see buwch
:_______________________________
.
budd,
PLURAL:
buddion / buddiau ‹BIIDH,
BIDH yon / BIDH ye› masculine
noun
1
benefit, usefulness
2
bod o fudd mawr i be
of great benefit to, be very useful to, to be a great asset to, to be
a great advantage for
Mae ei
gwybodaeth o Gatalaneg o fudd mawr iddi
Her
knowledge of Catalan is a great advantage for
her
:_______________________________ .
budd-dâl,
PLURAL:
budd-daliadau ‹BIDH
dal, bidh dal YA de› (masculine
noun) pension
budd-dâl
analluedd ‹BIDH
dal a na LHU edh› (masculine
noun) disablility pension / allowance / benefit
budd-dâl
diweithdra ‹BIDH
dal di WEITH dra› (masculine
noun) unemployment allowance / benefit
budd-dâl
gwragedd gweddwon ‹BIDH
dal GWEDH won› (masculine
noun) widow's pension / allowance / benefit
budd-dâl
plant ‹BIDH
dal PLANT› (masculine
noun) child allowance / benefit
budd-dâl
salwch ‹BIDH
dal SA lukh› (masculine
noun) sickness allowance / benefit
budd-dâl
tai ‹BIDH
dal TAI› (masculine
noun) rent allowance
:_______________________________
.
buddel
‹bi
-dhel› masculine
noun
PLURAL buddelydd
‹bi-dhê-lidh›
1
pillar, post = post to which a cow is tied in a
cowhouse
ETYMOLOGY: buddel
< buddelw
”cow post” (bu
= cow) + soft mutation + (delwedd = stake, post;
image, idol)
:_______________________________ .
buddiannau
‹bidh-ya-ne›
adj
1
interests; plural form of buddiant
:_______________________________ .
Buddug
<BII-dhig>
[ˡbiˑðɪg]
(feminine noun)
1
woman's name (= Victory, Victoria, Boudicca /
Boudecia)
ETYMOLOGY: (budd)
+ (-ig adjectival
suffix) > buddig >
buddug
:_______________________________
.
buddugol
<bi-DHII-gol>
[bɪˡðiˑgɔl]
(adjective)
1
victorious
ETYMOLOGY: (buddug
= victory) + (-ol
adjectival suffix)
:_______________________________ .
buddugoliaeth,
PLURAL:
buddugoliaethau <bi-dhi-GOL-yaith,
-yeth, bi-dhi-gol-YEI-thai, -e>
[bɪðɪˡgɔljaɪθ,
-jɛθ, bɪðɪgɔlˡjəɪθaɪ,
-ɛ] (feminine
noun)
1
victory
y
fuddugoliaeth the victory
ETYMOLOGY:
(buddugol =
victorious) + (-i-aeth noun-forming
suffix)
:_______________________________
.
budr
<BII-dir>
[ˡbiˑdɪr]
(adjective)
1
dirty (North)
Y
Rhyd-fudr SN5967 Farm in
Ceredigion.
“the dirty ford, the foul ford, the muddy
ford”
(y
definite article) + (rhyd
= ford) + soft mutation + (budr
=
dirty)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=240735
2
great (South-east)
mewn
taro budr (“miwn taro budur”)
(South-east Wales) in great haste
:_______________________________
.
budreddi
<bi-DREE-dhi>
[bɪˡdreˑðɪ]
masculine noun
1
filth
2
filth, smut = salacious material
Pam
mae rhaid i ni wylio rhyw hen fudreddi fel hyn ar y teli?
Why do we have to watch smut like this on TV?
3
filth, vice
ymdrybaeddu
mewn budreddi wallow in vice
4
pwll o fudreddi cesspool
= filthy or corrupt place (“pool of filth”)
ETYMOLOGY:
(budredd =
dirt, filth) + (suffix -i)
:_______________________________
.
budrelwa
<bi-DREL-wa>
[bɪˡdrɛlwa]
verb
1
profiteer
ETYMOLOGY: (budr-
= dirty, foul, filthy) + (elwa
= profit)
:_______________________________
.
Buellt
<BII-elht>
[ˡbiˑɛɬt]
(feminine noun)
1
medieval territory, south-east Wales
2
Llanfair ym Muallt, originally
Llanfair ym Muellt.
This is “(the) Llanfair (which is) in (the kántrev of)
Buellt.
The English name of what was the main settlement in
the cantref is a garbled form of the name of the cantref: Buellt >
‘Builth’ (and nowadays ‘Builth Wells’)
<BI-elht,
BILTH, bilth WELZ> [ˡbiˑɛɬt,
bɪlθ,
bɪlθ
ˡwɛlz]
In a similar fashion Aberhonddu, the main
town in the country of Brycheiniog, became ‘Brecknock’,
and Aberteifi <a-ber-TEI-vi>
[abɛrˡtəɪvɪ]
in the country of Ceredigion became ‘Cardigan’.
<ke-re-DIG-yon>
[kɛrɛˡdɪgj
ɔn]
:_______________________________ .
bues
<BII-es>
[ˡbiˑɛs]
verb
1
1 I
have been
(first-person singular preterite of bod
= to be)
Grammadeg
o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63
In South Wales buais,
bues, buo are often heard used for bum;
and buodd for
bu
:_______________________________
.
bues i
<BII-es
i> [ˡbiˑɛsɪ]
(verb)
1
I have been
:_______________________________
.
buest ti
<BII-e-sti>
[ˡbiˑɛstɪ]
(verb)
1
you have been
:_______________________________
.
bugloddio
<bi-GLODH-yo>
[bɪˡglɔðjɔ]
verb
1
(cattle) turn up ground with horns
2
district of Mawddwy
(county of Gwynedd):
said of cattle damaging hedges with their horns
ETYMOLOGY:
“cow-dig” (bu- =
cow) + soft mutation + (cloddio
= to dig)
:_______________________________
.
bûm
<BIIM>
[biːm]
verb
1
I have been
(first-person singular
preterite of bod)
Grammadeg
o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63
In South Wales buais,
bues, buo are often heard used for bum;
and buodd for
bu
:_______________________________
.
buo
<BII-es>
[ˡbiˑɔ]
verb
1
I have been
(first-person singular
preterite of bod =
to be)
Grammadeg
o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63: In South Wales buais, bues,
buo are often heard used for bum;
and buodd for
bu
:_______________________________
.
buoch
<BII-okh
> [ˡbiˑɔx]
(verb)
1
you have been
:_______________________________
.
buoch chi
<BII-o-khi>
[ˡbiˑɔxɪ]
(verb)
1
you have been
:_______________________________
.
buodd
<BII-odh>
[ˡbiˑɔð]
verb
1
(he / she / it) has been
(third-person
singular preterite of bod)
Grammadeg
o iaith y Cymry / Grammar of the Welsh Language. William Spurrel.
1853. p.63: In South Wales buais, bues,
buo are often heard used for bum;
and buodd for
bu
:_______________________________
.
buodd e
<BII-o-dhe>
[ˡbiˑɔðɛ]
(verb)
1
he has been
:_______________________________
.
buodd hi
<BII-odh
hi, BII-o-dhi>
[ˡbiˑɔð
hɪ, ˡbiˑɔðɪ]
(verb)
1
she has been
:_______________________________
.
buodd o
<BII-o-dho>
[ˡbiˑɔðɔ]
(verb)
1
he has been
:_______________________________
.
buon
<BII-on>
[ˡbiˑɔn]
verb
1
(Colloquial) buon ni
we have been (literary form: buom
(ni))
Dyna
ddawnsio y buon ni! How we danced!
(“you-see-there dancing / there’s dancing that we have
been”)
2
(Colloquial) buon ni
they have been (literary form: buont
(hwy))
:_______________________________
.
buon nhw
<BII-o-nu>
[ˡbiˑɔnʊ]
(verb)
1
they have been
:_______________________________
.
buon ni
<BII-o-ni>
[ˡbiˑɔnɪ]
(verb)
1
we have been
:_______________________________
.
burum
<BI-rim>
[ˡbɪrɪm]
(masculine noun)
1
yeast
:_______________________________
.
busnes
<BIS-nes>
[ˡbɪsnɛs]
masculine noun
PLURAL
busnesau
<bis-NE-sai,
-se> [bɪsˡnɛsaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
business = trade, transactions, acts of selling,
commerce
agored ar gyfer
busnes
open for business
Yr
oedd ganddynt stondin hen lyfrau, ond ychydig iawn o fusnes a wnaent
yn y ffair
They had a used books
stall, but they did very little business in the fair
Mae
Cymraeg yn y gweithle yn dda i fusnes am ei bod yn denu cwsmeriaid ac
yn creu awyrgylch o ewyllys da
The
Welsh language in the work place is good for business as it attracts
customers and creates an atmosphere of goodwill
cyfuno
busnes â phleser combine business
with pleasure
2
business = company, firm
merch
fusnes businesswoman
gwraig
fusnes businesswoman
dyn
busnes businessman
3
business, firm; shop
Roedd
ganddi siop fach yn y pentref. Yr oedd gwell elw o'r busnes hwn nag
o'i melin flawd a'i fferm hefo'i gilydd She
had a small shop in the village. There was a bigger profit from this
business than from her flour mill and her farm together
4
ar fusnes on
business, as par of one's work activities
Aeth
i gael cinio mewn gwesty crand - ar
fusnes, wrth gwrs
He went to have
dinner in a posh hotel - on business, of course
5
business = concern, affair
-Sut
galla i ddweud wrtho? -Ych busnes chi
yw hynny, ebe Jac
-How
can I tell him? -That's your
business, (not mine),
said Jac
6
business, matter; something needing
attention
Wrth gwrs, ’dyw e
ddim o ’musnes i, ond...
Of
course, it’s none of my business, but...
Rhaid
i ni siarad am fusnes y sied 'cw
We
have to talk about the business of that shed
7
business = excretion (shitting, pissing)
gwneud
eich busnes (animal) to excrete
Petái
ci yn gwneud ei fusnes ar yr hewl, fe fydd yn rhaid i'r perchennog
dalu'n ddrud am y weithred o hyn ymlaen
If
a dog does its business in the street, the owner will have to pay a
high price from now on
10
agored ar gyfer busnes open
for business (e.g. this office is open in spite of building work, in
spite of the holiday, etc)
ETYMOLOGY: English business
< Old English bisignes
{“bíziy-nøs”} (=
condition of being busy)
(equivalent to modern English busy
+ -ness,
suffix for forming abstract nouns)
:_______________________________
.
busnesa
<bis-NE-sa>
[bɪsˡnɛsa]
(verb)
1
to stick one's nose into other people's business,
to be nosy
ETYMOLOGY:
(busnes =
affair; business) + (-a
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________ .
busnesu
<bis-NE-si>
[bɪsˡnɛsɪ]
verb
1
busnesu mewn... meddle
in, interfere in (someone's affairs)
Busnesu
a laddodd y gath Curiosity killed the
cat (“(it-is) meddling / busybodying that killed the
cat”)
ETYMOLOGY: (busnes
= affair; business) + (-u
suffix for forming verbs)
NOTE: Also
busnesa
:_______________________________
.
bustl
<BI-stil>
[ˡbɪstɪl]
m
PLURAL bustlau
<BIST-lai,
-le> [ˡbɪstlaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
bile, gall
2
bile = peevishness, bitterness
Acts 8:23
Canys mi a’th welaf mewn bustl
chwerwder... For I perceive that thou
art in the gall of bitterness
Mae
colofn Gwilym Owen yn y papur hwn yn llawn bustl bob wythnos
Gwilym Owen’s column in this paper is
full of bile every week
3
coden fustl gall
bladder
plural: codau / codenni /
codennau bustl
carreg
fustl plural: cerrig
bustl gall-stone
4
mor chwerw â'r bustl as
bitter as bile (South: mor hwerw â'r
bistil)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh <
British < Celtic *bis-tlo-
Cornish bistl,
Breton bestl
English
bile <
French < Latin bîlis,
probably of Celtic origin
NOTE: colloquial form: bustul
/ bistil <bístil>
[ˡbɪstɪl]
:_______________________________
.
buta
‹BI-ta›
[ˡbɪta]
verb
1
(also spelt byta,
bita.
There is a variant pronunciation byta
with <Ə>
[ə]).
Colloquial word = to eat. The literary form is bwyta.
Buta is in
fact a distinct word, based on byd
(= food), an obsolete variant of
bwyd
:_______________________________
.
buwch,
PLURAL:
buchod <BIUKH,
BII-khod> [bɪʊx,
ˡbiˑxɔd]
(feminine noun)
1
cow
y fuwch = the
cow
2
buwch sanctaidd holy
cow
3
gwerthu’r fuwch i brynu tarw
to rob Peter to bay Paul (“sell the cow to
buy a bull”)
:_______________________________
.
buwch
flith <biukh
VLIITH> [bɪʊx
ˡvliːθ]
feminine noun
PLURAL
buchod blithion
<BII-khod
BLITH-yon>
[biˑxɔd
ˡblɪθjɔn]
1
milch cow, dairy cow, cow kept for giving milk
2
(figurative) milch cow, source of income
ETYMOLOGY: (buwch =
cow) + soft mutation + (blith
= milch = giving
milk)
:_______________________________ .
buwch
goch gota <biukh
gookh GO-ta>
[bɪʊx
goːx ˡgɔta]
feminine noun
PLURAL
buchod coch cwta
<BII-khod
kookh KU-ta>
[ˡbiˑxɔd
koːx ˡkʊta]
1
ladybird
Fuwch
fach gota – glaw neu hindda? Os daw glaw, cwympa
o’m llaw;
Os daw haul, hedfana! (Weather
lore)
Ladybird – rain or fine weather?
If rain will
come, fall from my hand
If sun will come, fly!
ETYMOLOGY:
“tail-less red cow, red cow without a tail”
(buwch
= cow) + soft mutation + (coch
= red) + soft mutation + (cota,
feminine form of cwta =
short; tail-less)
DIALECTAL AND ARCHAIC WORDS AND PHRASES
USED IN THE WEST OF SOMERSET AND EAST DEVON.
/ FREDERICK THOMAS ELWORTHY (1930-1907) / 1886.
GOD ALMIGHTY’S COW. The lady-bird.
:_______________________________ .
bwa,
PLURAL:
bwâu <BUU-a,
bu-AI> [ˡbuˑa,
bʊˡaɪ]
(masculine noun)
1
bow (weapon)
bwa
a saeth <BUU-a
a SAITH> [ˡbuˑa
a ˡsaɪθ]
(masculine noun) bow and arrow
2 bow
(for stringed instrument)
llinyn bwa
bow string
3
ffenestr fwa bow
window, bay window = segmentally curved window
4 arch of a
bridge
Un o bontydd enwocaf Cymru
yw’r un dri bwa dros afon Conwy yn Llan-rwst One
of the most famous bridges in Wales is the three-arched one over the
river Conwy in Llan-rwst
:_______________________________ .
bwa'r
glaw <buu-ar
GLAW> [ˡbuˑar
ˡglaw]
masculine noun
North-east
Wales
1
rainbow (“arch (of) the rain”, the
rain arch, the rain bow)
:_______________________________
.
bwa'r
wrach <buu-ar
WRAAKH> [ˡbuˑar
ˡwrɑːx]
masculine noun
1
rainbow (“arch (of) the witch”, the
witch arch, the witch bow)
:_______________________________
.
bwa'r
wybren <buu-ar
UI-bren> [ˡbuˑar
ˡʊɪbrɛn]
masculine noun
South-east
Wales
1
rainbow (“arch (of) the sky”, the sky
arch, the sky bow)
:_______________________________ .
bwbach
<BUU-bakh>
[ˡbuˑbax]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bwbachod
<bu-BAA-khod>
[bʊˡbɑˑxɔd]
1
goblin, bogey, bogeyman, bugaboo
2
cusan bwbach cold
sore (“kiss (of) a hobgoblin”)
3
(disrespective of a person) bugger, bastard
4
bwbach brain scarecrow
(“hobgoblin (of the) crows”)
5
South-east Wales bwbach
tarfu scarecrow (“hobgoblin (of)
disturbing, frightening “)
6
bwbachod y Boncath nickname
for the inhabitants of this village in the county of Penfro (“(the)
bogeys (of) Y Boncath”)
:_______________________________
.
bwced
<BU-ked>
[ˡbʊkɛd]
feminine noun
PLURAL
bwcedi
<bu-KEE-di>
[bʊˡkeˑdɪ]
1
bucket, pail; (Scotland: stoup)
y
fwced = the bucket
2
bwced a rhaw bucket
and spade
ETYMOLOGY: English bucket
< Middle English bocket
< French of England buket
(= bucket), probably from Old English bûc
(= pitcher), with a French diminutive suffix;
equivalent to German Bauch (=
belly)
:_______________________________ .
bwcedaid
<bu-KEE-daid,
-ed>
[bʊˡkeˑdaɪd,
-ɛd] feminine
noun
PLURAL bwcedeidiau
<bu-ke-DEID-yai,
-e>
[bʊkɛˡdəɪdjaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
bucketful; bwceded o
ddŵr a bucketful of water
y
fwcedaid = the bucketful
ETYMOLOGY:
(bwced =
bucket) + (-aid, suffix
to indicate 'fullness of a container')
NOTE: informal
spelling: bwceded
:_______________________________
.
bwch
<BUUKH>
[buːx]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bychod
<BƏ-khod>
[ˡbəxɔd]
1
buck, male of certain animals
2
(= bwch danas)
(qv) roebuck = male of fallow deer (Dama
dama)
3
(= bwch gafr)
he-goat
Numeri 7:88 A holl ychen yr
aberth hedd oedd bedwar ar hugain o fustych, trigain o hyrddod,
trigain o fychod, trigain o hesbyrniaid
Numbers
7:88 And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the peace offerings were
twenty and four bullocks, the rams sixty, the he-goats sixty, the
lambs of the first year sixty
4
bwch cwningen (plural
bychod cwningod)
= buck rabbit, male rabbit
5
South Wales (in
describing reluctance, resistance)
fel
bwch i odyn (“like a he-goat to
the kiln”),
mor anodd â
chael bwch i odyn (“as difficult
as bringing a he-goat to the kiln”)
6
North Wales stook
of corn
7
bychod Dinbych nickname
for the inhabitants of this county town in the north-east (“(the)
bucks / he-goats (of) Dinbych”)
8
blingo'r bwch to
vomit (“to skin the billy-goat”)
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh
< British *bukk- <
Celtic
From the same British root: Cornish bokh
(= buck), Breton bouc'h
(= buck)
In Hibernian Celtic:
Scottish: boc (=
buck)
English “buck” is of Celtic origin -
Celtic
> Germanic *bukkaz >
Old English bucca (=
buck)
NOTE: In the South, the plural form is bwchod
<BUU-khod>
[ˡbuˑxɔd]
instead of bychod.
Generally the usual alteration of w
> y in
the penultimate syllable does not happen in this part of
Wales
:_______________________________ .
bwchadanas
<BUUKH
a DAA-nas>
[ˡbuːx
a ˡdɑˑnas]
SEE:
bwch
danas
:_______________________________
.
bwch
danas <BUUKH
DAA-nas> [buːx
ˡdɑˑnas]
masculine noun
1
roebuck = male of fallow deer (Dama
dama)
ETYMOLOGY: “buck
(of) fallow deer” (bwch
= buck, roebuck) + (danas
= deer).
The element danas
is probably some form of Old French dain
(= hind, female deer)
(modern French daim
= (1) fallow deer; (2) buck, male deer)
NOTE:
also bwch y danas,
bwchadanas
:_______________________________
.
bwch
dihangol <BUUKH
di-HA-ngol>
[buːx
dɪˡhaŋɔl]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bychod dihangol
<BƏ-khod
di-HA-ngol>
[ˡbəxɔd
dɪˡhaŋɔl]
1
scapegoat, (USA: also - fall guy)
2
Old Testament (Leveticus
16) scapegoat = a goat used in the annual Yom Kippur ritual where a
priest symbolically placed the sins of the Israelites on a goat and
released it into the desert.
ETYMOLOGY: 'escaping goat' (bwch
= he-goat) + (dihangol
= escaping, from dianc
= to escape). A direct translation of English
“scapegoat”, from “escape” + “goat”.
The term was coined (1530) by the translator of the Pentateuch (first
five books of the Old Testament) into English, William Tyndale, to
translate Hebrew “azâzêl”, 'the goat of
Azazel' but was taken to mean 'goat that escapes', i.e. a goat
allowed to escape into the desert. (Azazel = a desert demon to whom a
goat bearing the sins of Israel was sent each year on the Day of
Atonement. In later Jewish writings, and also in Muslim texts, Azazel
is the king of demons.) Leveticus 16:1 –
16:28
:_______________________________ .
bwcho
<BUU-kho>
[ˡbuˑxɔ]
1
Ceredigion, Penfro have
sexual intercourse, fuck, bonk, do it, etc
ETYMOLOGY: “to
buck, to do what a buck does”.
The standard form (if it
exists) would be bychio
(bych-,
penult form of bwch =
buck; male goat, male rabbit or hare, roebuck) + (-io,
suffix for forming verbs).
In the South, generally the change
w > y
in the penultimate syllable does not happen; and
the i at
the beginning of a final syllable is
lost
:_______________________________ .
bwchod
<BUU-khod>
[ˡbuˑxɔd]
South
Wales A variant of bychod,
the plural form of bwch (qv)
= male goat, male rabbit or hare, roebuck.
In the South,
generally the change w >
y in the
penultimate syllable does not
happen;
:_______________________________ .
bwci
<BU-ki>
[ˡbʊkɪ]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bwcïod
<bu-KII-od>
[bʊˡkiˑɔd]
1
bogey, goblin, ghost (Scotland: worricow)
2
occurs in the place name Lluestybwci,
smallholding in Cellan, county of Ceredigion (“summer-house of
the bogy”)
3
afal y bwci =
hip, fruit of the dog rose Rosa canina
(“(the) apple (of) the goblin”)
4
county of Penfro bwci
bal goblin, bogey (bal
is apparently “daft” or “gloomy,
dark”, hence “daft bogey” or something similar)
5
bwci bo (qv) =
goblin, bogey
6 Carreg y Bwci
<KA-reg
ə
BU-ki>
[ˡkarɛg
ə ˡbʊkɪ]
“(the) stone (of) the goblin”
SN6447
Near
Llan-y-crwys, county of
Caerfyrddin
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/354056
Carreg y Bwci
ETYMOLOGY: The consonant <k>
[k]
in Welsh and Cornish at the beginning of
the final syllable is unusual, and so the word is very likely a loan
from English.
Possibly from English “bug” (=
hobgoblin) (not the same word as “bug” = insect), as in
“bugbear” (= a goblin in the guise of a bear which eats
naughty children), influenced by English “puck” (Old
English “pûca”) (= hobgoblin).
The Cornish
form is buka (=
goblin)
:_______________________________ .
bwcïaidd
<bu-KII-aidh,
-edh>
[bʊˡkiˑaɪð,
-ɛð]
adjective
South-west
Wales
1
(fire) cheerless, not bright, gloomy; tân
bwcïaidd = dull fire
2
(weather) cloudy, dull; tywydd
bwcïaidd = dull
weather
ETYMOLOGY: (bwci
= hobgoblin) + (-aidd,
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________
.
bwci bo
<BU-ki
BOO> [ˡbʊkɪ
ˡboː]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bwci bos
<BU-ki
BOOZ> [ˡbʊkɪ
ˡboːz]
1
bogy, goblin, ghost (Scotland:
worricow)
ETYMOLOGY: (bwci
= hobgoblin) + (bo
= ?exclamation).
Cornish buka
bu, English bugabooo
NOTE:
also bwgi bo in
Welsh
[ Olde Cheshire Dialecte. http://www.cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm
buggy-bo : ghost, spectre, hobgoblin, fairy; scarecrow ]
:_______________________________
.
bwcio
<BUK-yo>
[ˡbʊkjɔ]
(verb)
1
to book
:_______________________________
.
bwcl
<BU-kul>
[ˡbʊkʊl]
masculine noun
PLURAL
byclau
<BƏ-klai,
-e> [ˡbəklaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
buckle = metal ring with hinged spike used for
securing strap, belt, etc
2
dod â (rhywbeth) i fwcl
resolve (a matter) (“bring something to a
buckle”)
Oni bai am y ddamwain
a gefais buaswn wedi dod â'r broses hyll hon i fwcl ers
talwm
If it hadn’t been for
the accident I had I would have resolved this ugly matter a long time
ago
ETYMOLOGY: English buckle
< Middle English boucle
(= boss of shield, buckle) < Latin
buccula
(bucc-ul-a,
with diminutive infix –ul-),
a diminutive form of bucca (=
mouth, cheek)
NOTE: The colloquial form is
bwcwl
:_______________________________
.
bwcram
<BU-kram>
[ˡbʊkram]
masculine noun
1
buckram = a stiff fabric made from cotton
stiff
fel bwcram (“stiff like buckram”)
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English buckeram,
bougeren < German or Italian <
the city of Bukhara (Bukhoro
in Uzbek), a city in SE Uzbekistan once noted for its
textiles
(delwedd
7081)
:_______________________________ .
bwgan,
PLURAL:
bwganod <BUU-gan,
bu-GAA-nod>
[ˡbuˑgan,bʊˡgɑˑnɔd]
(masculine noun)
1
ghost
tŷ
bwgan haunted house (“house (of)
ghost / bogey / bugbear”)
2
bwgan brain scarecrow
(“bugbear (of) crows”)
:_______________________________
.
bŵl
<BUUL>
[buːl]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bylau
<BƏ-lai,
-e> [ˡbəlaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
bowl = wooden ball
2
round object
3
knob (doorknob, etc)
In use in the south-west
as bwlyn
fel
bwlyn shaped like a knob, knoblike
bwlyn sain volume
control (standard term: rheolydd sain)
4
knob on an cow's or bull’s horns to prevent
it from causing harm
5
bŵl or bwlyn
(South Wales) nave of cart wheel, hub of a wheel
6
(obsolete) cannon ball
7
Ynys-y-bŵl ST0594
village in the county of Rhondda Cynon Taf .
The Anglican cleric
Glanffrwd (William Thomas) was born in Ynys-y-bŵl
in 1843, and published his reminiscences in 1888 “Plwyf
Llanwyno, yr Hen Amser, yr Hen Bobl, a’r Hen Droion” (the
Parish of Llanwynno, the old times, the old people, and the old
events)
Dichon mai natur a
sefyllfa ddaearyddol y lle roddodd yr enw i Ynys-y-bŵl. Fodd
bynnag, gellid yn naturiol ddywedyd Ynys-y-pwll. Gelwir ef yn Saesneg
“Bowling Green”. ’Wn i ddim pwy a
Seisnigeiddiodd yr enw. Ond yn ddiau, gwnaeth gamsyniad. Yr oedd y
lle yn Ynys-y-pwll er y cread, ond yn gymharol ddiweddar y dechreuwyd
chware Bwlbinnau ynddo. Felly, nid oes gennyf ddim diolch i’w
dalu i neb am roddi enw Saesneg i’r lle. Ond daeth yr enw
Ynys-y-bŵl i gael ei gymhwyso at yr holl ardal – i fyny
at Dai’r Plwyf a lleoedd eraill ar bob
llaw
The geographical nature and
situation probably gave the name to Ynys-y-bŵl
(“the meadow of the bowl”). However it could be said
naturally “Ynys-y-pwll”
(“the meadow of the pool”). In English it is called
‘Bowling Green’. I don’t know who Englished the
name. But doubtlessly, he made a mistake. The place had been
“Ynys-y-pwll”
since the Creation, but (only) comparatively recently people began to
play ninepins / skittles there. So I have no thanks to pay to anybody
for giving it an English name. But the name Ynys-y-bŵl
came to be applied to the whole area – up to Tai’r Plwyf
(“the parish houses”) and other places all around
ETYMOLOGY: English boule
(= wooden ball) < French boule
< Latin bulla
(= round object, bubble)
Modern French has
boule (=
ball, sphere, globe; bowl in game of bowls or bowling; billiard ball;
the game of boule), boule de neige
(= snowball).
(1) Middle English boule
is in modern English bowl
(= wooden ball), to
bowl (= roll a ball in bowling; throw a
ball in cricket)
cf Lowlandic (‘Scots’) bool
(= bowling ball), which has maintained
the original French [u] as a long [uu].
(2) The plural form
of the French word boule has
been borrowed into English in recent times as boules
(= game from France played with metal balls on
rough ground)
(3) The Latin word bulla
> Medieval Latin bulla
(= seal attached to a papal bull, a document
issued by the Pope) > modern English (i) bulla
(= same meaning – papal seal or document;
also in medical or anatomical terminology =
bony projection resembling a bubble or
blister), and (ii) bull (=
document issued by the Pope);)
NOTE: Often with the addition
of the diminutive suffix -yn.
See bwlyn
:_______________________________ .
bwla
<BU-la>
[ˡbʊla]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bwlaon
<bu-LAA-on>
[bʊˡlɑˑɔn]
1
bull
..a/
Cae Bwla =
cae’r bwla (“the) field
(of) the bull”). Field in Talach-ddu (Powys)
..b/ Cae’r
Bwla (“the) field (of) the
bull”)
Field near Clas ar Wy / Glasbury (Powys) (spelt as
Caerbwla)
For
Llaneigon / Llanigon (Powys) in the Topographical Dictionary of
Wales, 1849, Samuel Lewis states:
Lewis Watkins, in 1712, gave an
estate named Cae'r
Bwla, consisting of about thirteen
acres of arable, meadow, and copse, now producing from £10 to
£12 per annum, for the endowment of a free school
..c/
Waunybwla Place
in Llantarnam John Edmunds, Waynabulla in Lanvrechva [died]
27 May 1813 [aged]
2mths
(Mentioned in Llantarnam Burials 1813-74)
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~monfamilies/llantarnbur1813-74.htm
2
(South-east Wales) bullock = castrated bull
3 gwellt y bwla
The History Of The Parish Of Llangurig / Edward Hamer, Esq., and H. W. Lloyd, Esq. / 1875.
Mr. D. S. Evans points out that it [bwla] also is applied in South Wales to a gelt bull, and that "Gwellt-y-bwla" is a coarse mountain grass.
ETYMOLOGY:
Middle English bule (=
bull) < Scandinavian
Modern English: bull.
German has ‘der Stier’ (cf
English steer = bull
castrated before reaching maturity).
Norwegian has okse (cf English ox).
Danish has tyr and Swedid tjur (cf
English deer).
Besides naut , Icelandic has boli (=
bull).
:_______________________________ .
bwlch
<BULKH>
[bʊlx]
(m) bylchau
<BUL-kha,
-khe> [ˡbʊlxai,
-ɛ]
The
Gwentian plural form bwlcha is
seen in the place name Pen Bwlcha east
of Pont-y-gwaith ST0897 pen y bylchau
“(the) top / end (of) the passes / gaps”
1
gap, chasm, break; = break in continuity
2 bwlch
yn y farchnad gap in the market, demand
for goods or services which is not matched by an adequate supply
llanw'r bwlch yn y farchnad to
fill gap in the market, to offer goods or services for which there is
a demand and which is not being provided for
3 pass, mountain
pass (USA: notch = deep narrow pass), (col = mountain pass).
Frequent in place names
4 gap in a fence, wall
llamu i'r bwlch come
to the rescue ("leap into the gap")
sefyll
yn y bwlch stand and defend ("stand
in the gap")
5 gap, difference, discrepancy = a
variation between two sets of figures
Mae
bwlch mawr rhwng cyflogau menywod â chyflogau dynion
There's
a big difference between the women's wages and men's wages
ond
sylwch ar y bwlch mawr rhwng y ddau ffigwr but
look at the difference between the two figures
6 blank, space
= space in a document left for information to be added space between
letters or words
7 (music) space = gap between lines of a
staff
8 gap = particular space of time
bwlch
o ddwyawr a gap of two hours, a space
of two hours
bwlch
o bum mlynedd
a space of five years
9 gap = particular
distance in linear space representing a break in continuity
Mae
bwlch o ddwy fodfedd rhwng y carped a'r wal
There's
a space of two inches between the carpet and the wall
10 gap
= a missing portion in a collection or series
Roedd
bylchau dirifedi yn y casgliad cyflawn honedig There
were innumerable gaps in the so-called complete collection
11
gap = period of silence between dots and dashes in telegraphy
12
loss [said of someone or something mourned for]
gweld
bwlch ar ôl un = miss someone
(who has died)
bydd bwlch a cholled
ar ôl y rhaglen honno that
programme will be sorely missed ("there will be a gap and a loss
after that programme")
Y
bwlch cyntaf oedd ymadawiad Harri, yn fachgen prin ugain oed, i
fynwent
y llan... Yr oedd ei merch Jane wedi bod yn briod ers
blwyddyn ac yn hynod
o hapus, pan y cymerwyd hithau ar enedigaeth
baban... The first loss was the
departure of Harri, a boy just turned twenty, to the churchyard of
the parish church… His daughter Jane had been married for a
year and was remarkably happy, when she was taken on the birth of a
child
13 loophole (in a law)
14 notch (in names of
sheep's earmarks)
15 (North Wales) dimple
bwlch
yn yr ên a dimple in the cheek
(“in the jaw”)
16
Caledfwlch (qv)
Excalibur, name of Arthur's sword
17 Tudfwlch
male forename (Tud
= people, bwlch
= gap; ?slash made by a sword)
18
amwlch (=
split, gapped) < amfwlch (am-
prefix) + soft mutation + (bwlch)
Place name: Cefn Amwlch
19
Abbreviation on maps: B
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh
< British *bulk- <
Celtic *bolk < PIE
*blōkó
From
the same British root: Breton boulc’h
(= gap)
The PIE word is
ultimately the source of English plough
/ plow < Old English < Germanic <
a Northern Italic language (cf Latin plaustrum
= wagon,
cart)
:_______________________________ .
bwlcha
<BUL-kha>
[ˡbʊlxa]
1
The Gwentian pronunciation of bylchau
(“passes, gaps”), the
plural form of bwlch (= pass, gap”).
It occurs in the place
name Pen Bwlcha east
of Pont-y-gwaith ST0897 pen y bylchau
“(the) top / end (of) the passes /
gaps”
:_______________________________ .
bwletin,
PLURAL:
bwletinau <BU-le-tin,
bu-le-TII-nai, -e>
[ˡbʊlɛtɪn,
bʊlɛˡtiˑnaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1
bulletin
:_______________________________
.
Bwlgareg
<bul-GAA-reg>
[bʊlˡgɑˑrɛg]
(feminine noun, adjective)
1
Bulgarian
y
Fwlgareg = the Bulgarian language
:_______________________________
.
Bwlgaria <bul-GAR-ya>
[bʊlˡgarja]
(feminine noun)
1
Bulgaria
:_______________________________ .
Bwlwyn
<BUU-luin>
[ˡbʊˑlʊɪn]
1
Bonen, Flanders (now Boulogne, France)
ETYMOLOGY: The town was originally known as Gesoriacum,
but in the 300s it was known as Bononia, said to be a derivative of
Gaulish bona (=
foundation, settlement), as in Welsh bôn
(= base,
foundation)
:_______________________________ .
..1
bwlyn <BUU-lin>
[ˡbʊˑlɪn]
masculine noun
1
(South-east Wales) little bull; bullock =
castrated bull
ETYMOLOGY: English (bull)
+ (-yn diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________ .
..2
bwlyn <BUU-lin>
[ˡbʊˑlɪn]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bwlynnau, bylau
<bu-LƏ-nai,
-ne, BƏ-lai, -le>
[bʊˡlənaɪ,
-ɛ, ˡbəlaɪ, -ɛ]
South
Wales
1
small ball
2
nave of cart wheel, hub of a wheel
bwlyn
cart (county of Ceredigion) nave of a
cart, boss of a cart, hub of a cart
3
doorknob
Rhoddodd
ei law ar y bwlyn he put his hand on
the doorknob
4
round thing, spherical thing, something round,
something resembling a doorknob
5
knob
bwlyn sain
sound control, knob etc for raising and lowering
the volume on a radio, etc
ETYMOLOGY: (bwl
= ball) + (-yn
diminutive
suffix)
:_______________________________
.
Y
Bwmfallt <ə
BUM-valht> [ə
ˡbʊmvaɬt]
feminine noun
1
SS5694 locality
9km to the west of Abertawe on the road to Pen-clawdd
English
name: Poundfald / Poundffald
http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/SS5694
NOTE:
See also pitffald
ETYMOLOGY:
From Middle English *poundfald
< Old English (pund
= enclosure) + (fald
= enclosure). Middle English has poundfald
, pounfold,
pundfold, etc from which comes modern
English pinfold [=
enclosure for stray animals])
There is a Poundfold Hill in
County Durham, and a street called Pound Fold in the village of
Croscombe, by Shepton Mallet; William Langland (ca. 1332 - ca. 1386)
in his work “Piers Plowman” called Hell “the poukes
poundfold”
Notes And Queries: Of Intercommunication For Literary Men, General Readers, Etc. Seventh Series. Volume Seventh, January June 1889. Eerting, co. Sussex. Assignment of dower to Katherine, wife of Henry Husee, in the manor of Hertyng : all chambers next the door on the west., and outside the door, with the herbarium next to these chambers, towards the west, and two small granges adjoining the garden ;..... the place called Pundfold; the Southgardin, towards the west ; one-third of Laurencesgardin, towards the south ;... (Close Roll, 23 Edw. III., Part 2).
(No date given)
For
–allt, cf
Rheinallt (= Reynold), Gerallt (=
Gerald).
:_______________________________ .
bwncath,
PLURAL:
bwncathod <BUNG-kath,
bung-KAA-thod>
[ˡbʊŋkaθ,
bʊŋˡkɑˑθɔd]
(masculine noun)
1
buzzard (Buteo buteo)
(delwedd
7007) NOTE: Traditionally in North
Wales this is called a barcud, as
in Cornish (bargos =
buzzard) and Breton (barged =
buzzard). But
in standard Welsh barcud
is the red
kite (Milvus milvus).
:_______________________________
.
bwrch
<BURKH>
[ˡbʊrx]
masculine noun
PLURAL
byrchau
<BƏR-khai,
-e> [ˡbərxaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
(obsolete) borough = town with a corporation and
privileges by royal charter
2
Compare the place name Niwbwrch
(county of Môn) from English “Newburgh”
(the modern English name is “Newborough”)
ETYMOLOGY:
Middle English burgh <
Old English burh.
Common in place names in England as bury,
borough,
and in Scotland burgh.
Related to Old English beorgan
(= to shelter), German die
Burg (=
castle)
:_______________________________ .
bwrdd,
PLURAL:
byrddau <BURDH,
BƏR-dhai, -e>
[bʊrð,
ˡbərðaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1
table
bwrdd adar
<burdh
AA-dar> [bʊrð
ˡɑˑdar]
(masculine noun) bird table
bwrdd
coffi <burdh
KOO-fi> [bʊrdd
ˡkoˑfɪ]
(masculine noun) coffee table
bwrdd
diferu (America: drainboard)
(Englandic: draining board)
bwrdd du
<burdh
DII> [bʊrð
ˡdiː]
(masculine noun) blackboard
bwrdd
gwisgo <burdh
GWI-sko> [bʊrð
ˡgwɪskɔ]
(masculine noun) dressing table
bwrdd
hysbysiadau <BURDH
hə-spəs-YAA-dai, -e>
[ˡbʊrð
həspəsˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun) notice board
bwrdd
ysgrifennu <BURDH
skri-VE-ni>
[bʊrð
skrɪˡvɛnɪ]
(masculine noun) writing desk
gwasanaeth
wrth y bwrdd waiter service, waitress
service (“service at the table”)
2
(verb without an object) gweini
wrth y bwrdd serve at table
3
bwrdd ymbincio dressing
table
bwrdd gwisgo
dressing table
bwrdd
ymwisgo dressing table
:_______________________________
.
bwri-
<BUU-ri>
[ˡbuˑrɪ]
verb
1
stem of the verb bwrw
throw, hit.
bwriaf
I throw
bwriad
intention
(2 Croniclau 30:14)
A
hwy a gyfodasant, ac a fwriasant
ymaith yr allorau oedd yn Jerwsalem; bwriasant ymaith allorau yr
arogl-darth, a thaflasant hwynt i afon Cidron
(2
Chronicles 30:14)
And they arose and took away the altars that
were in Jerusalem, and all the altar for incense took they away, and
cast them into the brook Kidron
:_______________________________
.
bwriad,
PLURAL bwriadau
<BUR-yad,
bur-YAA-dai, -e>
[ˡbʊrjad,
bʊrˡjɑˑdaɪ, -ɛ]
masculine noun
1
intention
2
bod yn fwriad gennych (wneud rhywbeth)
intend (to do something), be your intention to
3
bod yn eich bwriad wneud (rhywbeth)
intend to do something
:_______________________________
.
bwriadol
<bur-YAA-dol>
[bʊrˡjɑˑdɔl]
adjective
1
intentional, wilful, deliberate
tân
wedi ei gynnau yn fwriadol a fire
started deliberately
difrod bwriadol
wilful damage
2
anfwriadol =
unintentional, involuntary,
yn
fwriadol neu yn anfwriadol intentionally
or unintentionally
ETYMOLOGY: (bwriad
= intention) + (-ol,
suffix for forming adjectives)
:_______________________________
.
bwriadu
<bur-YAA-di>
[bʊrˡjɑˑdɪ]
(verb)
1
to intend
(doing)
:_______________________________ .
bwriwr
<BUR-yur>
[ˡbʊrjʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bwrwyr
<BUR-yur>
[ˡbʊrjʊr]
1
(person) smelter, founder
bwriwr
haearn iron smelter, iron founder
ETYMOLOGY: (bwri-,
stem of the verb bwrw =
to throw, to cast, to strike) + (-ad,
suffix for forming nouns = ‘man’)
:_______________________________
.
bwriwr
<BUR-lum>
[ˡbʊrjʊr]
masculine noun
PLURAL
byrlymau
<bər-LƏ-mai,
-e> [bərˡləmaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
bubble = ball of air in the air, in a
liquid, in a solid
2
(liquid) bubbling, gurgling
3
(river) gurgling = noise of a current
of water flowing over stones
Cân
yr ehedydd a bwrlwm yr afon oedd yr unig sŵn yn fy nghlustiau
The song of the lark and the gurgling of the
river was the only sound in my ears
4 bustle, life, hectic
activity, animation
Nid oedd llawer o
fwrlwm yn y tafarndai
There was
not a lot of activity in the taverns
O
Lansannan symudais i fyw i Gaer, ac er mwyn lleddfu ychydig ar yr
hiraeth ac ar y pryd dod â rhywfaint o'r 'hedd ym mro
Hiraethog' i ganol bwrlwm bywyd dinas rhoddais i'r enw 'Hiraethog' ar
y tŷ From Llansannan I moved to
live in Chester, and in order to assuage somewhat my longing and at
the same time to bring a bit the ‘peace [which is] in the
Hiraethog district' to the midst of the bustle of city life I called
the house 'Hiraethog'
Ymunais
â bwrlwm celfyddydol Caer-dydd a Chasnewydd I
joined the bustling art scene (“the artistic bustle”) in
Caer-dydd / Cardiff and Casnewydd / Newport
bwrlwm
drwm drum roll byrlymus
gurgling; bustling
byrlymu
to bubble; gurgle; bustle
byrlymog bubbling
5
byrlymau rapids
in a stream Byrlymau Elan
SN8273
http://www.geograph.org.uk/browse.php?p=246112
ETYMOLOGY:
onomatopeia.
NOTE:
w-w becomes
y-y, as
in cwmwl, cymylau (cloud,
clouds), cwmwd, cymydau
(kúmmud, kúmmuds –
a medieval administrative district), cwlwm,
cylymau (knot,
knots)
:_______________________________
.
bwrn
<burn>
[bʊrn]
masculine noun
1
burden
Mae’n
fwrn arnaf fi He’s a millstone
around my neck (“he’s a burden on
me”)
:_______________________________ .
Y
Bwrtwe <BURT-we>
[ˡbʊrtwɛ]
feminine noun
1
Welsh form of the English name The Portway - the
name of the section of road from Caer-dydd
/ Cardiff to Y Bont-faen / Cowbridge. In fact, this is part of the
Roman road from Glevum, present-day English city of Gloucester
(Caerloyw
in Welsh) to Nidum (Castell-nedd, or ‘Neath’ in English.)
There
are many roads in England called ‘The Portway’.
In
'Cardiff Records' (1889-1911) (John Hobson Matthews, Mab Cernyw)
“The mediaeval name for the
Roman road which skirts the shore of South Wales and unites the
ancient boroughs; particularly from Cardiff westward through
Cowbridge, Kenfig and Aberavon, to Neath. In the vernacular this road
was called Y Bwrtwe, by turning the English word into a feminine
Welsh noun. It occurs as late as 1763.”
This
is noted elsewhere in the ‘Records’, where he notes a
barn called Ysgubor y Bwrtwe
“(the) barn (of) the portway”), in the
parish of Sain Nicolas:
YSGUBOR-Y-BWRTWE
"Skybbor y Bwrtway" (the Portway barn.) In the parish of
Saint Nicholas (1763.)
2 Portway. Name of a farm by Castell-paen, Powys. (The Welsh form of this name, if any, is unknown)
Archaeologia Cambrensis - Fourth Series No. XXVII July 1876 p 213. (Bryngwyn, Radnorshire). Its market town is Hay, six miles distant along a mountain road, so it is seldom visited by any strangers to the neighbourhood. Still in early, perhaps prehistoric, times a way seems to have passed through the valley by Painscastle to the Begwn Hill, and to the British entrenchments on Garth Hill, overlooking Wye, in Llandeilo-Graban parish. Williams, in his History of Radnorshire, supposes this to have been a Roman way, in connection with the two camps, Gaer, and Little Gaer, of which all traces are obliterated, on the right bank of Arrow, and the large circular camp near Pentwyn in Brilley Parish, but there is, in fact, nothing more than the name of Portway, which distinguishes a large farm between the road and Rhos-goch, to justify such a supposition...
ETYMOLOGY:
(y =
definite article) + soft mutation + (pwrtwe,
an adaptation of English 'portway' = main road, road between market
towns, road between boroughs. As most nouns indicating roads are
feminine in Welsh, 'pwrtwe' has joined this
group)
:_______________________________ .
bwrw
<BUU-ru>
[ˡbuˑrʊ]
(verb)
1
to throw
2
get rid of
bwrw
annwyd <BUU-ru
A-nuid> [ˡbuˑrʊ
ˡanʊɪd]to
shake off a cold, to shaking off a cold
bwrw
swildod overcome shyness, overcoming
shyness
bwrw’ch swildod
overcome your shyness
bwrw
blinder rest, relax
bwrw’ch
blinder rest, relax (“throw (off)
your tiredness”)
3
(weather) bwrw eira
<BUU
–ru EI-ra>
[ˡbuˑrʊ
ˡəɪra]
(verb) to snow
bwrw
glaw <BUU-ru
GLAU> [ˡbuˑrʊ
ˡglaʊ]
(verb) to rain
bwrw
cesair (South) to hail
bwrw
cenllysg (North) to hail
bwrw
hen wragedd a ffyn to rain cats and
dogs, to pour down in torrents (“throw old ladies and walking
sticks”)
4
(time) spend
bwrw
eich tymor yn y carchar do time, serve
out your sentence in prison
bwrw awr
ne' ddwy o gwsg get
an hour or two of sleep
Bu raid i mi
fwrw'r nos mewn stabl I had to spend
the night in a stable
bwrw'r amser
heibio while away the time
5
bwrw’ch tymer drwg ar (rywun) take
it out on (somebody) (“throw your bad temper on”)
6
(North) bwrw’ch
bol wrth rywun unbosom yourself to,
reveal your innermost secrets to
7
bwrw’r draul count
the cost
8
bwrw tin-dros-ben do
a somersault (“throw an arse-over-head”)
9
bwrw amheuaeth ar (rywbeth) cast
doubts on something, throw something into doubt
10
bwrw (ymosodiad) yn ei ôl
repel (an attack)
11
bwrw heli i'r môr do
something which is completely pointless (“throw brine into the
sea”)
bwrw cath i gythraul
(“throw a cat to (the) devil”) to
sacrifice a cat to the devil, to appease the
devil
:_______________________________ .
bws
PLURAL:
bysus / bysiau
‹BUS,
BƏS; BƏ sis / BƏS ye›
(masculine noun)
1
bus
2
gorsaf fysiau bus
station
gorsaf
y bysiau / yr
orsaf fysiau bus station
gorsaf
bysiau incorrect for gorsaf
fysiau with soft mutation
yr
orsaf fysiau ganolog the central bus
station
:_______________________________
.
bwthyn
<BUU-thin>
[ˡbuˑθɪn]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bythynnod
<bə-THƏ-nod>
[bəˡθənɔd]
1
cottage = small house
2
cottage, lodge = small house in a park or estate
for a gatekeeper, gardener, caretaker
bwthyn
clwm tied cottage
3 pwdin
bwthyn cottage pudding
tiwlip
bwthyn cottage tulip
4
Y Bwthyn street
name in
..a/ Llanelli (county of Caerfyrddin)
..b/ Deiniolen
(county of Gwynedd)
..a/ Trefýclo (county of Powys)
ETYMOLOGY: (bwth <
English booth =
small house < Old English < Germanic) + (-yn
diminutive suffix added to nouns)
Cf German
die Bude (=
market stall; hut on a building site; hovel, dump); Norwegian bu
(= hut, shack,
shanty)
:_______________________________
.
bwthyn
gwyliau <BUU-thin
GUIL-yai, -e>
[ˡbuˑθɪn
ˡgʊɪljaɪ, -ɛ]
(masculine noun)
1 holiday cottage
:_______________________________ .
bwtri <BU-tri> [ˡbʊtrɪ] (masculine noun) 1 (North Wales) pantry
Cedwid bwydydd yn y 'pantri' a'r bwtri / Papur Fama / Gorffennaf 1991
[Food was kept in the ‘pantri’ and the ‘bwtri’ ]
bwtri
: O'r Saesneg buttery, butry. 'Ewch â'r llestri i'r bwtri’.
/
t195 Rhai o Eiriau Llafar Sir Drefaldwyn BBCS 1, Rhan 3
Tachwedd 1922
[From English buttery, butry. ‘Take the dishes to the pantry’.]
The
meaning of ‘pantry’ is retained in the English of New
England; and also in Oxford and Cambrisge universities the buttery is
a room where food is sold or provided to students.
2 (North
Wales: Llŷn) dairy
ETYMOLOGY: English butt’ry
< buttery (modern
south-eastern English has [ʌ]
for [u] from the 1700s onwards approximately, but the Welsh word
retains the original [u].
From Anglo-French boterie, from bote (+ -erie) < Old Occitan bota (= cask) < Latin butta (= cask).
Similar borrowings into Welsh from English with the ‘schwa elision’ are southern ‘ffactri’ (and also northern ‘ffatri’) (fact’ry < factory) , colloquial ‘leibri’ (lib’r’y < lib’ary < library), siocled (choc’late < chocolate), lotri (lott’ry < lottery).
NOTE: Olde Cheshire Dialecte: buttery: pantry
Link: cheshirelittlefolk.co.uk/Old_dialect.htm (no longer functioning 07-07-2016)
:_______________________________
.
bwy
<BUI>
[bʊɪ]
(masculine noun)
1
soft-mutated form of pwy
(= who)
i
bwy…? to whom…? who…
to?
:_______________________________ .
bwyd,
PLURAL:
bwydydd <BUID,
BUI-didh> [bʊɪd,
ˡbʊɪdɪð]
(masculine noun)
1
food
2
pigo’ch bwyd pick
at food, eat reluctantly, without appetite
3
codi awydd bwyd arnoch whet
your appetite (“raise (the) desire (of) food on you”)
colli awydd bwyd lose
your appetite
4
eisiau bwyd hunger
(“want (of) food”, “necessity (for) food”)
Mae eisiau bwyd arna i <mai
EI-shai, I-she, BUID ar-nai>
[maɪ
ˡəɪʃaɪ, ˡɪʃɛ, ˡbʊɪd
arnaɪ] I'm
hungry
Enllyn
bara da yw eisiau bwyd Hunger is the
best sauce (= food no matter how plain becomes very appetising when
you are really hungry) (“(it is) (a) good companage (of) bread
that-is want (of) food”)
5
llaethfwyd dairy
product, dairy food; dairy products, dairy foods
(llaeth
= milk ) + soft mutation + ( bwyd
= food)
bocs bwyd (South) lunch box, snap tin, bait tin (for carrying a snack lunch to work or to school)
tùn bwyd (North) lunch box, snap tin, bait tin (for carrying a snack lunch to work or to school)
:_______________________________
.
bwydlen
<BUID-len>
[ˡbʊɪdlɛn]
feminine noun
PLURAL
bwydlenni
<buid-LE-ni>
[bʊɪdˡlɛnɪ]
1
menu = list of foods available in a restaurant
y
fwydlen = the menu
ETYMOLOGY:
(bwyd =
food) + soft mutation + (llen
= sheet of
paper)
:_______________________________ .
bwydlen
y diwrnod <BUID-len
ə DIUR-nod>
[ˡbʊɪdlɛn
ə ˡdɪʊrnɔd]
(feminine noun)
1
menu of the day, carte du
jour
:_______________________________
.
bwydlysieuwr,
PLURAL:
bwydlysieuwyr <buid-ləs-SHEI-ur,
buid-lə-SHEI-wir>
[bʊɪdləˡʃəɪʊr,
bʊɪdləˡʃəɪwɪr]
(masculine noun)
1
vegetarian
:_______________________________
.
bwydo
<BUI-do>
[ˡbʊɪdɔ]
(verb)
1
to feed
:_______________________________
.
bwyell
<BUI-elh>
[ˡbʊɪɛɬ]
feminine noun
PLURAL
bwyeill
<BUI-eilh>
[ˡbʊɪəɪɬ]
1
(American: ax) (Englandic: axe), chopper
y
fwyell the axe
gosod
y fwyell ar wraidd y drwg strike
at the root of the evil (“place the axe on the root of the
evil”)
bwyell ddeufin
double-headed axe
bwyell
ryfel war axe
dan
y fwyell (expenditure, services) under
the axe, threatened with being restricted, (project) threatened with
termination
ergyd bwyell
axe-blow, axe-stroke
2
Gwegil y Fwyall name
of a Welsh air (“the back of the axe”)
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British < Celtic. In Breton bouc’hal
(= hatchet),
Irish biail
(= hatchet)
NOTE: Spoken forms:
..1/
bwyall
..2/
also in the south bwell
‹bu-elh›
and bwall
..2/ in the North bwyallt,
gwyallt,
..3/ in the district of
Maldwyn
in the centre of the country wyallt;
..4/ in the county of Ceredigion: wyell,
wyall, gwyall
There is also a
plural form bwyelli
‹bui-E-lhi›
:_______________________________
.
bwyell
gam ‹bui-elh
gam› feminine
noun PLURAL bwyeill
cam ‹bui-eilh
kam›
1
(American: adz) (Englandic: adze) = tool for
shaping wood
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyell
= axe) + soft mutation + (cam
= crooked)
(delwedd
7448)
:_______________________________ .
bwyell
gig ‹bui–elh
GIIG› feminine
noun
PLURAL bwyeill
cig ‹bui-eilh
GIIG›
1
meat axe, cleaver
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyell
= axe) + soft mutation + (cig
= meat)
(delwedd
7449)
:_______________________________
.
bwyf
‹ buiv
› v
1
I shall be (first person singular present
subjunctive)
Pan fwyf hen a pharchus
When I am old and respectable
:_______________________________
.
bwygilydd
<BUI
GII-lidh> [bʊɪ
giˑlɪð]
1
from one to the other
Daeth
atynt yn wên o glust bwy gilydd He
came up to them with a smile from one ear to the other / with a smile
from ear to ear
Roedd yn gwenu o
glust bwygilydd He was smiling from one
ear to the other
2
…on end ddyddiau
bwygilydd day after day, for days on
end
(dyddiau = days) + (bwygilydd = ‹adverb› one after the other).
There
is soft mutation of an initial consonant in adverbial phrases. hence
dydd >
ddydd
am
oriau bwy gilydd for hours on end
ETYMOLOGY:
bwygilydd, soft-mutated
form of pwygilydd “to
its fellow” < (pwy)
+ soft mutation + (cilydd)
..1/
pwy <
(pw =
to) + (i =
its)
..2/ cilydd (=
fellow)
:_______________________________
.
bwystfil
‹buist
-vil› masculine
noun
PLURAL bwystfilod
‹buist-
vî -lod›
1
beast = animal as distinct from a bird or fish
2
beast, brute, monster = human acting like an
animal; a cruel person;
Os caiff
bwystfil fel Efan Blaen-cae ei grafangau ynot...
If
a monster like Efan Blaen-cae gets his claws into you...
bwystfil
o ddyn a brute of a man
3
something resembling a beast
4
bwystfil y maes wild
animal
Genesis 2:19 A'r Arglwydd
Dduw a luniodd o'r ddaear holl fwystfilod y maes, a holl ehediaid y
nefoddd, ac a’u dygodd at Adda, i weled pa enw a roddai efe
iddynt hwy: a pha fodd bynnag yr enwodd y dyn bob peth byw, hynny fu
ei enw ef.
Genesis 2:19 And out of
the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every
fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call
them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the
name thereof.
Salmau 80.8 Mudaist
winwydden o’r Aifft... (80.13) Y
baedd o’r coed a’i turia, a bwystfil y maes a’i
pawr
Psalms 80.8 Thou hast brought a
vine out of Egypt... (80.13) The boar of the wood doth waste it, and
the wild beast of the field doth devour it
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyst
= beast) + soft mutation + (mil
= animal)
Welsh bwyst-
< British < Latin bêstia
(= beast) (long “e” in Latin and
British regularly gives wy in
modern Welsh)
:_______________________________ .
bwyta
‹bui
-ta›
verb
with an object
1
eat
Eogiaid o'r
Afon Taf a fwyteid weithiau yng Nghaer-dydd
Sometimes
salmon from the river Taf were eaten in Caer-dydd
2
bwyta eich geiriau said
of indistinct pronunciation – refers to somebody who talks fast
and indistinctly (“eating your words”)
Fel
llawer o'i gyd-Gardis mae e'n bwyta llawer o’i eiriau
And
like a lot of fellow Cardis he mumbles a lot of his words
verb
without an object
3
(Bible) bwyta’r
Pasg eat the Passover
Ioan
18:28 Yna y dygasant yr Iesu oddi wrth
Caiaffas i’r dadleudy; a’r bore ydoedd hi; ac nid aethant
hwy i mewn i’r dadleudy, rhag
eu halogi; eithr fel y gallent fwyta’r pasg
John
18:28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment:
and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment
hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the
passover.
4
South Wales: verb =
itch; masculine noun tickle,
itch
5
(cancer, rust, waves) corrode, eat away, erode
Yr
oedd y dŵr wedi bita i miwn dan glawdd yr ardd
The
water had eaten into the base of the hedgebank
6
(expressions of satisfying a voracious appetite)
bwyta fel nafi =
eat like a horse (“eat like a navvy”)
bwyta
fel ceffyl = eat like a horse (“eat
like a horse”)
North Wales
bwyta fel Siôn Hafarch =
eat like a horse (“eat like Siôn Hafarch”)
7
lleibio bwyta =
eat like a horse (“snatch + eat”)
8
North Wales sglaffio
bwyta eat ravenously
9
adjective edible,
eating, for eating
gwymon bwyta
edible seaweed
afal
bwyta eating apple
10
pigo bwyta pick
at food, eat reluctantly, without appetite
11
(South Wales) (verb) = itch, (masculine noun)
tickle, itch
Ma’n llyged yn
byta My eyes are itching
12
cael yr afal a’i fwyta have
your cake and eat it (“get the apple and eat it”)
cael
eich afal i chwarae ac i’w fwyta have
your cake and eat it (“get your apple to play and to eat it”)
Chewch chi mo’ch afal i
chwarae ac i’w fwyta You can’t
have your cake and eat it
ETYMOLOGY: bwyta
< bwytá
< bwyt-há
< bwyd-há
(bwyd =
food) + (-ha =
suffix for forming verbs from nouns)
NOTE: The normal colloquial
form is ‹bi-ta›
spelt variously bita,
buta,
byta. It
is in fact a distinct word, based on byd
(= food), an obsolete variant of bwyd
(= food)
:_______________________________
.
bwytadwy
‹bui-TAA-dui›
(adjective)
1
edible
2
llyffant bwytadwy or
broga bwytadwy (Rana
escuelenta) edible frog
:_______________________________
.
bwyta
gwellt eich gwely ‹bui-ta
gwelht əkh gwê-li›
1
(“eat the straw of your bed”) be on
the breadline, be on the point of starvation, not have enought to
live on
ETYMOLOGY: (bwyta
= eat) + (gwellt
= straw) + (eich
= your) + (gwely
= bed)
:_______________________________
.
bwyty
‹BUI
ti› (masculine
noun)
1
restaurant
:_______________________________
.
bychan
‹BƏ
khan› (adjective)
1
little
-Fychan ‹VƏ
khan› (masculine
noun) (surname) frm the epithet 'small, junior'
2
ar raddfa fechan on
a small scale, in miniature
3
pechod bychan venial sin
:_______________________________
.
bychan a mawr ‹BƏ-khan
a MAUR› masculine noun
1
fychan a mawr (with soft mutation when in apposition) great
and small
Diwrnod mawr yn hanes y teulu yw’r
cyfarfod blynyddol, ac edrychir yn mlaen ato gan bob aelod ohono,
fychan a mawr, gyda’r boddhad mwyaf digymysg. The
annual meeting is a great day in the history of the family, and it is
looked forward to by every member of it, both adults and children,
with great pleasure (“the greatest unmitigated satisfaction”)
ETYMOLOGY: ‘little and big’ (bychan
= little, small) + (a
= and) + (mawr
= great, big)
:_______________________________
.
bychod
‹BƏ
khod› (plural
noun)
1
billy goats; see
bwch
:_______________________________
.
byd,
PLURAL:
bydoedd ‹BIID,
BƏ dodh› (masculine
noun)
1
world
map o’r
byd a map of the world
2
hawddfyd comfortable
circumstances, ease, happiness, prosperity (hawdd
= easy, pleasant)
3
mynd yn ôl yn y byd come
down in the world
“go back in the world” (mynd
= to go) + (yn ôl
= back) + (yn y byd
= in the world)
4
henfyd ancient
world
(hen =
old, ancient) + soft mutation + (byd
= world)
Persia’r
henfyd ancient Persia (“Persia
(of) the ancient world”)
5
y byd sydd ohoni today’s
world
hynt y byd sydd ohoni
current affairs (“(the) way (of) the current
world”)
6
isfyd underworld
(of crime)
(is =
lower, below, under) + soft mutation + (byd
= world)
isfyd
Caer-dydd the Caer-dydd
underworld
7
(great quantity, great extent) amryw
byd o very many
Ma’
gen i amryw byd o bethe i’ neud heddi I’ve
got hundreds of things to do today
(“y mae gennyf amryw byd
o bethau i’w gwneud heddiw”)
Cewch
fyd o fwyhad You’ll enjoy
yourself no end (“you will get a world of enjoyment”)
8
byw o olwg y byd live
a sheltered life (“live (away) from (the) sight (of) the
world”)
9
tragwyddolfyd eternity
(tragwyddol =
eternal) + soft mutation + ( byd =
world)
y tu yma i’r
tragwyddolfyd this side of eternity, in
our mortal existence
10
yn y byd (after a
negative phrase) at all
Dyw’n
syndod yn y byd It’s not the
least bit surprising, It’s hardly surprising
11
adfyd adversity,
distress, affliction
(ad-
prefix = bad ) + soft mutation + ( byd
= situation, condition; world)
13
bod yng ngheg y byd be
common knowledge (“to be in the mouth of the world”)
14
pen draw'r byd the
other side of the world
Am ben draw
byd o le! What a God-forsaken place!
15
ar gyfrif yn y byd on
any account
16
yr eilfyd the
afterlife, the world to come
(eil-,
penult form of ail =
second ) + soft mutation + (byd
= world)
17
hyd orffen byd until
the end of time (“until ‹the›
end ‹of
the› world”)
:_______________________________
.
bydd
‹BIIDH›
(verb)
1
he / she / it will be
2
(second-person-singular imperative) be!
Bydd
yn fachgen da, Siôn Be a good
boy, Siôn
:_______________________________
.
bydd a
‹BII
dha› (verb)
1
he will be
(South-east)
:_______________________________
.
bydd e
‹BII
dhe› (verb)
1
he will be
(South-west)
:_______________________________
.
bydd hi
‹BIIDH›
(verb)
1
she will be
:_______________________________
.
byddi
‹ bə
-dhi› v
1
you’ll be
byddi
di you’ll be
mi
fyddi di (North) you’ll be
fe
fyddi di (South) you’ll be
ti
fyddi (South-east) you’ll be
Ti
fyddi fel goleuad yn y nefoedd You’ll
be like a light in heaven
Ble byddi
di’n aros heno? Where will you
stay tonight?
ETYMOLOGY: Middle
Welsh byddy
:_______________________________
.
byddigions
‹ bə-DHIG-yons
› pl
1
(colloquial) gentry
ETYMOLOGY: alteration
of boneddigion (=
gentry)
NOTE: Some Points of Similarity
in the Phonology of Welsh and Breton,
T.H. Parry-Williams,
1913
In W[elsh], however, the
interchange of f and dd is quite common, especially in the
dial[ect]s…
One
example given of the change dd > f
is byddigions
(boneddigion, with the plur[al] s- ending of
English) (= gentry)
> byfigions
:_______________________________ .
bydd
o ‹BII
dho› (verb)
1
he will be
(North)
:_______________________________
.
byddach
‹BƏ
dhakh› (verb)
1
you will be (North-west)
(South-east)
:_______________________________
.
byddach
chi ‹BƏ
dha khi› (verb)
1
you will be (North-west)
(South-east)
:_______________________________
.
bydda fo
= byddai ef ‹BƏ
dha vo› (verb)
1
he'd be (north); = standard byddai
ef
:_______________________________
.
bydda hi
‹BƏ
dhai› (verb)
1
she'd be
:_______________________________
.
bydda i
‹BƏ
dhai› (verb)
1
I'll be
:_______________________________
.
byddai
‹BƏ
dhe› (verb)
1
she'd / it'd / he'd
be
:_______________________________ .
byddan
‹BƏ
dhan› (verb)
1
we will be (North-west); they will
be
:_______________________________
.
byddan
nhw ‹BƏ
dha nu› (verb)
1
they will be (North-west)
(South-east)
:_______________________________
.
byddan ni
‹BƏ
dha ni› (verb)
1
we will be
(North-west)
:_______________________________ .
byddar
‹BƏ
dhar› (adjective)
1
deaf = able to hear only with difficulty
Mae
e fymryn yn fyddar He’s a little
bit deaf
2
mud a byddar ‹MIID
a BƏ dhar› deaf
and dumb
3
troi clust fyddar i rywbeth turn
a deaf ear to something
:_______________________________
.
byddat
‹BƏ
dhat› (verb)
1
you'd be
(North-west)
:_______________________________
.
byddat ti
‹BƏ
dha ti› (verb)
1
you'd be
(North-west)
:_______________________________
.
bydde ‹BƏ
dhe› (verb)
1
she'd / it'd / he'd
be
:_______________________________
.
byddech
‹BƏ
dhekh› (verb)
1
you'd be
:_______________________________
.
byddech
chi ‹BƏ
dhe khi› (verb)
1
you'd be
:_______________________________
.
bydded
‹bə
-dhed› verb
1
may it be (third person singular imperative form
of the verb bod =
to be)
Bydded i'r hen iaith
barháu (in the Welsh national
anthem)
Long may the Welsh language live
(“may-it-be
to-the old language continuing”)
2
Bydded goleuni Let
there be light, Fiat lux!
Genesis 1:3 A
Duw a ddywedodd, Bydded goleuni, a goleuni a fu
Genesis
1:3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light
NOTE:
also boed,
bid
:_______________________________
.
bydde fe
‹BƏ
dhe ve› (verb)
1
he'd be
:_______________________________
.
bydde fo
‹BƏ
dhe vo› (verb)
1
he'd be (North)
:_______________________________
.
bydde hi
‹BƏ
dhei› (verb)
1
she'd be
:_______________________________
.
bydden
‹BƏ
dhen› (verb)
1
we'd be, they'd
be
:_______________________________
.
bydden
nhw ‹BƏ
dhe nu› (verb)
1
they'd be
:_______________________________
.
bydden ni
‹BƏ
dhe ni› (verb)
1
we'd be
:_______________________________
.
byddet
‹BƏ
dhet› (verb)
1
you'd be
:_______________________________
.
byddet ti
‹BƏ
dhe ti› (verb)
1
you'd be
:_______________________________
.
byddi ‹BƏ
dhi› (verb)
1
you will be
:_______________________________
.
byddi di
‹BƏ
dhi di› (verb)
1
you will be
:_______________________________
.
byddin,
PLURAL:
byddinoedd ‹BƏ
dhin, bə DHI nodh› (feminine
noun)
1
army
y fyddin =
the army
gyrru byddin ar ffo
to rout an army (“drive (an) army to
flight”)
2
anhrefnu byddin throw
an (enemy) army into disarray (“disarrange (an) army”)
3
gwasanaethu yn y fyddin serve
in the army
4
canolfan fyddin army
base (“centre (of) army”)
5
byddin oresgynnol occupation
force, army of occupation, occupying
army
:_______________________________
.
byddwch
‹BƏ
dhukh› (verb)
1
you will be
:_______________________________
.
byddwch
‹bə
-dhukh› verb
1
be...!: imperative form, second person plural, of
bod = to
be
Byddwch yn ofalus iawn
Be very careful
:_______________________________
.
byddwch
chi ‹BƏ
dhu khi› (verb)
1
you will be
:_______________________________
.
byddwn
‹BƏ
dhun› (verb)
1
we shall be
:_______________________________
.
byddwn ni
‹BƏ
dhu ni› (verb)
1
we shall be
:_______________________________
.
bydwraig,
PLURAL:
bydwragedd ‹BID
reg, bid RA-gedh› (feminine
noun)
1
midwife
2
helygen y fydwraig (Salix
herbacea) least willow
See: helygen
leiaf (helyg lleiaf)
:_______________________________
.
bydysawd
‹bə
DƏ sawd› (masculine
noun)
1
universe
:_______________________________
.
byngythiad
PLURAL:
bygythiadau ‹bə
GƏTH yad, bə gəth YÂ de›
(masculine noun)
1
threat
2
bod dan fygythiad cael eu difa be
under threat of extinction (“be under threat (of) receiving its
destroying”)
:_______________________________ .
bylchu
‹BƏL
khi› (verb)
1
split
2
bylchu (wal) knock
down, flatten, smash open (a wall)
:_______________________________
.
byngalo, PLURAL:
byngalos ‹BƏN
ga lo, BƏN ga los› (masculine noun)
1
bungalow
:_______________________________ .
bynnag
‹BƏ
nag› Corresponds
to English ‘ever’ added to interrogatives –
whatever, however, whenever, etc
1
faint bynnag however
much
Chewch chi moni hi faint
bynnag o arian a wariwch chi
You
won’t get it no matter how much money you spend
2
pa gyn lleied bynnag however
little
:_______________________________
.
bynsen
‹bən
-sen› feminine
noun
PLURAL byns
‹bəns
›
1
bun
y fynsen =
the bun
bynsen hufen cream
bun
bynsen y Grog hot
cross bun (“bun (of) the
cross”)
:_______________________________ .
byr
‹BIR›
(adjective)
1
short
2
mewn byr eiriau in
short
yn fyr in
short
mynd
y ffordd fyrraf go the shortest way
3
in street names:
..1/ Ffordd
Fer
y
ffordd fer “the short road”
Street name in
….a/ Caergybi (county of Ynys
Môn)
….b/ Mynyddisa
(county of Y Fflint)
….c/ Treffynnon (county of Y Fflint)
(y =
the) + (ffordd =
road) + soft mutation + (ber,
feminine form of byr =
short)
..2/ Heol Fer
yr heol fer
“the short street”
Name of a
street in Penyrheol, in the town of Caerffili
(yr
= the) + (heol
= road) + soft mutation + (ber,
feminine form of byr =
short)
:_______________________________ .
byrbryd
‹bər
-brid› masculine
noun
PLURAL byrbrydau
‹bər-
brə -de›
1
snack
ETYMOLOGY: (byr-
‹ə›
penult-syllable form of byr
‹i›
= short) + soft mutation + ( pryd
= meal)
:_______________________________
.
byrbysgodyn
‹bər-bə-
skô -din› masculine
noun
PLURAL byrbysgod
‹bər-bə
-skod›
1
(Carrasius carassius) crucian carp
ETYMOLOGY:
(byr- ‹ə›
penult-syllable form of byr
‹i›
= short) + soft mutation + ( pysgodyn
= fish)
:_______________________________
.
byrddaid,
PLURAL:
byrddeidiau ‹BƏR
dhed, bər DHEID ye›
(masculine noun)
1
tableful
:_______________________________
.
byrdra
‹BƏR
dra› (masculine
noun)
1
shortness
Synnais
i ar fydra ei amynedd I was surpised by
his lack of patience, by his impatience (“his shortness of
patience”)
:_______________________________
.
byrdwn
‹BƏR-dun
(masculine noun)
PLURAL: byrdynau ‹bər-DƏN-yai, -ye› 1 (cân = song) refrain = part of a song repeated after every stanza "Fedrwch chi hi, Tomos?" "Digon i fedru uno yn y byrdwn. Allan â hi, John.’
t7 Melin-y-ddôl William a Myfanwy Eames 1948
‘Can
you (sing) it?’ ‘Enough to be able to join in the
refrain. Let’s hear it (Out with it), John,’
2
theme, main idea, subject (pregeth = sermon) (araith = speech)
(sgwrs
= talk, conversation) Penderfynais
y tro hwn deithio [yn n]osbarth y trydydd... er mwyn cael clywed beth
oedd byrdwn clebran y bobl gyffredin
t57 Seneddwr ar Dramp Rhys J Davies 1935
I decided to travel third classto be able to hear what was the subject of ordinary people’s talk
3 (adroddiad = report), message, main conclusion Mae ffigurau newydd yn profi fod chwyldro tawel yn digwydd yn agwedd siaradwyr Cymráeg at fyd busnes. Dyna fyrdwn adroddiad gan fudiad "Menter a Busnes"...Cymro 12 01 94
New
figures show that there is a silent revolution happening in the
attitude of Welsh-speakers towards business. That’s the message
of a report by the movment ‘Enterprise and Business’
4
meaning, import
Addawodd Mr Gorbachov fod yn fwy agored - dyna fyrdwn "glasnost" Cymro 21 06 89
Mr Gorbachov promised to be more open . that’s the meaning of "glasnost"
ETYMOLOGY:
Middle
English bordoun <
French bourdon =
humming, drone of a instrument such as a bagpipe < Latin burdo
(=
drone bee)
Modern English has burden < bourdon (showing the influence of the word burden = load)
The burden of a song is from Fr[ench]. bourdon, "a drone, or dorre-bee; also, the humming, or buzzing, of bees; also, the drone of a bag-pipe" (Cotgrave). It is of doubtful origin, but is not related to burden, a load, which is connected with the verb to bear.
The Romance of Words / Ernest Weekley, M.A / 1912 / p.146
:_______________________________ .
byrfyfyr
‹bər-
vər -vir› adjective
1
impromptu, improvised , off-hand
yn
fyrfyfyr (adverb) off-hand
ateb
yn fyrfyfyr answer off hand, off the
top of your head
ETYMOLOGY: (byr-
‹ə›,
penult-syllable form of byr
‹i›
= short) + soft mutation + (myfyr
= consideration,
thought)
:_______________________________ .
byrger,
PLURAL:
byrgers
‹BƏR
gər, BƏR gərs›
(masculine noun)
1
burger
:_______________________________
.
byrgler,
PLURAL:
byrgleriaid ‹BƏR
gler, bər GLER yed›
(masculine noun)
1
burger
larwm
byrgler (a more
colloquial expression than larwm
lladron)
‹la
rum BəR gler› burglar
alarm
NOTE:
Colloquial plural: byrglers
ETYMOLOGY:
English BURGLAR < Anglo-French burgler,
from Medieval Latin noun burglātor
(also
as burgulātor),
from the noun burgātor,
from the verb
burgātre
(=
to commit burglary) < burgus
(= fortified town) from a Germanic word equivalent
to English burgh, borough, bury (=
castle, fort).
ALTERNATIVE ETYMOLOGY: If not from Germanic,
Anglo-French burgler <
Old French *borgl(er)
from
a Latin word based on a Gaulish
word
:_______________________________
.
byrgoes
‹BƏR
gos› (adjective)
1
short-legged
daeargi byrgoes Cairn terrier (= breed of dog)
dyn
byrgoes a man with short
legs
ETYMOLOGY: (byr =
short) + soft mutation + (coes =
leg)
_______________________________.
byrgorn
‹bər
-gorn› adjective
1
short-horned
gwartheg
byrgorn short-horned cattle
da
byrgorn South Wales
short-horned cattle
ETYMOLOGY: (byr-,
penult-syllable form of byr =
short) + soft mutation + (corn
= horn)
:_______________________________
.
byrllysg
‹bər
-lhisk› masculine
noun
PLURAL byrllysgau
‹bər-
lhə -ske›
1
mace = symbol of authority
2
mace = symbol of a mayor's authority in a borough
3
Y Byrllysg mace
of the English House of Commons, carried before the Speaker in
procession by the Serjeant-at-Arms, and which rests on the table when
the parliament is in session,)
ETYMOLOGY: (byr-
‹ə›
penultimate syllable form of bwr
= fat) + soft mutation + (llysg
= stick)
NOTE: Less correctly as brysgyll
‹brə
-skilh›
byrllysg
> *bryllysg (metathesis rll > ll-r)
> *brysllyg (metathesis ll-sg > sll-g)
>
brysgyll (methesis
ll-g > g- ll)
:_______________________________
.
byrst
‹bərst›
masculine noun
PLURAL
byrstiau ‹bərst
-ye›
1
burst
ETYMOLOGY: English burst
< Old English berstan,
a word related to English break
:_______________________________
.
byrstio
‹BƏRST-yo›
(v)
1
burst
ETYMOLOGY: English burst
+ (-i-o verb
suffix)
:_______________________________
.
bys
<BIIS>
[biːs]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bysedd
‹BƏ-sedh›
[ˡbəsɛð]
1
finger
bys bawd
thumb
Mae pob bys
yn fawd ganddo He’s clumsy with
his fingers (“every finger is a thumb with him”)
bys
blaen forefinger, index finger (“finger
(of) front”)
mynegfys
forefinger, index finger (“indicating
finger”)
uwdfys
forefinger, index finger (“porridge
finger”)
bys yr uwd
forefinger, index finger (“finger (of)
porridge”)
bys canol
middle finger (“middle finger”)
hirfys middle
finger (“long finger”)
canolfys
middle finger (“middle finger”)
bys
y din (vulgar) middle finger (“finger
(of) the arse / ass”)
bys
modrwy ring finger (“dit (of)
finger”)
bys bach
little finger (“little finger”)
codi’r bys bach be
a drinker, be an excesive drinker (“raise the little
finger”)
clustfys
little finger (“ear finger”)
2
ôl bys PLURAL
olion bysedd finger
prints
3
blaen bys finger
tip
ar flaenau’ch bysedd
at the tips of your fingers, at your fingertips
4
troi rhywun o gwmpas eich bys bach
twist somebody round your little finger
Chei
di ddim cyffwrdd pen dy fys ynddo I
won’t let you lay a finger on him (“you won’t get
(the) touching (of the) tip (of) your finger in him”)
5
estyn bys at (rywun) (“extend
(a) finger to”)
(1) point somebody out,
(2)
betray somebody;
(3) shake one’s finger at, reprimand
somebody
estyn bys yng ngwegil
(rhywun) point the finger of scorn at
(“extend (aa) finger in (the) back-of-the-neck (of) someone”)
6
dodi’ch bys ar y dolur put
your finger on it (on the cause of the trouble) (“put your
finger on the wound”)
Also rhoi’ch
bys...
7
Cystal bys a bawd â chyllell a fforc
Fingers were made before forks (in excusing
oneself for not eating with a knife and fork) (“(it-is) as-good
(a ) finger and thumb as (a) knife and fork”)
8
llosgi’ch bysedd burn
your fingers, lose money in a venture
A
losgodd ei fysedd a ochel y tân
Once
bitten twice shy (“the person who burnt his fingers is the
person who avoids the fire”)
9
gweithio’ch bysedd at yr asgwrn
work your fingers to the bone
10
(musical instrument) twll
bys finger hole
11
toe
bys troed
toe
12
finger = part of a glove which covers a finger
13
something finger-shaped
14
hand (of clock, watch)
awrfys
hour hand (“hour-finger”) (awr
= hour) + soft mutation + (bys
= finger)
bys awr
hour hand (“finger (of) hour”)
bys
bach little hand (“little
finger”)
bys hir
minute hand (“long finger”)
bys
mawr minute hand (“big finger”)
bys munud minute
hand (“minute finger”)
15
rhoi eich bys ym mhotes arall =
interfere in other people's affairs (“put your finger in the
soup of someone else”)
Mae
gennych fys ym mhob brwes You have a
finger in every pie (“in every broth”)
16
mynd rhwng eich bysedd slip
through your fingers
17
(South Wales) (in children's rhymes) bys
y crogwr = ring finger
18
mêl ar eich bysedd (“honey
on your fingers”) music to one’s ears (in expressing
Schadenfreude, or one’s delight at, or satisfaction with, the
misfortune of somebody else)
Mêl
ar ei fysedd fu clywed fod llwynog wedi lladd bob un o ieir Jac
Tyn-y-wern
It was wonderful to hear
that a fox had killed every one of Jac (of) Tyn-y-wern
(farm)’s chickens
ETYMOLOGY: Welsh < British
From
the same British root: Cornish bys
(= finger), bysow
(= finger ring); Breton bis
(= finger), bizoù
(= finger ring, ring with jewels). The French word
bijou (=
jewel) is from Breton bizioù
:_______________________________
.
bysedd
‹BƏ-sedh›
[ˡbəsɛð]
(plural noun)
1
fingers; see bys
:_______________________________
.
bysell
<BƏ-selh>
[ˡbəsɛɬ]
feminine noun
PLURAL
bysellau
<bə-SE-lhai,
-lhe> [bəˡsɛɬaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
key (on keyboard of typewriter, computer)
y
fysell the key
ETYMOLOGY: (bys
= finger) + (-ell
= suffix)
:_______________________________
.
bysellfwrdd
<bə-SELH-vurdh>
[bəˡsɛɬvʊrð]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bysellfyrddau
<bə-selh-VƏR-dhai,
-dhe>
[bəsɛɬˡvərðaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
keyboard
Sgiliau
bysellfwrdd keyboard skills
ETYMOLOGY: calque on English “keyboard” (bysell
= typewriter key) + soft mutation + (bwrdd
= board)
:_______________________________
.
bysiau
<BƏS-yai,
-ye> [ˡbəsjaɪ,
-ɛ] (plural
noun)
1
buses; see bws
:_______________________________
.
byta /
byta ‹BI–ta,
BƏ
–ta›
[ˡbɪ–ta,
ˡbə–ta]
verb
1
a variant spelling of buta
= to eat; byta is a form with a loss of
the quality of the vowel y >
y
:_______________________________
.
byth
<BITH>
[bɪθ]
(adverb)
1
never
Does dim
byth yn digwydd Nothing ever happens
2
for ever
Esra 9:12 fel
y cryfhaoch, ac y mwynhaoch ddaioni y wlad, ac y gadawoch hi yn
etifeddiaeth i'ch meibion byth
Ezra
9:12 that ye may be strong, and eat the good of the land, and leave
it for an inheritance to your children for ever
3
bod byth mewn coffadwriaeth be
in everlasting remembrance
Salmau 112:6 Yn
ddiau nid ysgogir ef byth: y cyfiawn fydd byth mewn coffadwriaeth.
Psalms 112:6 Surely he shall not be moved for
ever: the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance.
4
am byth
for ever
Cymru am
byth Wales forever / for ever
5
byth wedyn ever
again
Weles i moni byth wedyn
I never saw her again
6
unwaith ag am byth once
and for all
taliad unwaith ag am
byth
a premium payment, a one-off
payment
7
cymaint fyth a fynnoch chi as
much / many as you like
:_______________________________
.
byth
bythoedd <bith
BƏ-thoidh, -thodh>
[bɪθ
ˡbəθɔɪð, -ɔð]
adverb
1
never ever
2
Gwlad Byth Bythoedd Never-Never
Land
ETYMOLOGY: (byth
= always / never) + (bythoedd,
plural of byth)
:_______________________________
.
bytholi
<bə-THOO-li>
[bəˡθoˑlɪ]
(verb with an object)
1
perpertuate
ETYMOLOGY: (bythol
= eternal, permanent) + (-i
suffix for forming verbs)
:_______________________________ .
bythynnod
<bə-THƏ-nod>
[bəˡθənɔd]
(plural noun)
1
cottages; see
bwthyn
:_______________________________
.
..1 byw
<BIU>
[bɪʊ]
(verb)
1
to live byw yn
sanctaidd live a saintly life
cael byw be allowed to live, not be executed, have one’s life spared
Gwna dithau fel y gwnes i, ac yna cei fyw fel finnau, a pheidio mynd i’r crocbren
Do as I did, and your life will be spared like mine was, and you won’t go to the gallows
2
yn byw <ən
BIU> [ən
ˡbɪʊ]
(verb) mae'n
e'n byw eto he's still alive to this
day
Cf yn fyw <ən
VIU> [ən
ˡvɪʊ]
(adverb) (yn
= linking particle) + soft mutation + (the
adjective byw =
alive)
3
byw ym mhoced rhywun live
by sponging off others (“live in (the) pocket (of)
someone”)
clywed y rhaglen a
ddarlledir yn fyw listen to the
programme being broadcast live
hyd
y ddau ddiwrnod olaf y bu fyw until his
final two days on this earth
Gobeithiai
gael adferiad hyd y ddau ddiwrnod olaf y bu fyw
He
hoped to recover from his illness (“hoped to get recovery”)
until the last two days he was alive
4
dechrau byw marry
and settle down (“begin living / life”)
5
byw mewn hawddfyd live
comfortably
6
byw fel gŵr bonheddig live
the life of Riley (“live like a gentleman”)
7
(masculine noun) life
yn
’y myw <ən
ə MIU> [ən
ə ˡmɪʊ]
= yn fy myw
<ən
və MIU> [ən
və ˡmɪʊ]
(phrase) in all my life (I've never seen
such a thing, etc)
8
byw bywyd dwbl live
a double life
byw dau fywyd
live a double life (“live two lives”)
9
byw ar dda’r wlad live
off the fat of the land (“live on (the) good (of) the land”)
10
byw o olwg y byd live
a sheltered life (“live (away) from (the) sight (of) the
world”)
11
y neb sy’n
byw mewn ty^ gwydr gocheled luchio cerrig people
who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones
12
digon at eich byw enough
to live on
Does ganddo ddigon at ei
fyw He doesn’t have enough to
live on
13
byw ar eich cetyn (south-west)
live off your savings
byw ar eich
celc (north-west) live off your savings
byw ar eich pentwr live
off your savings
14
byw ar elusen live
on charity
byw ar gardod
live on charity
byw
ar y plwyf live on charity (“live
on the parish”)
15
ni fu fawr byw wedi hynny he
didn’t live long after that
16
byw yn y tywyllwch live
in the dark, live in ignorance
17
dechrau byw begin
married life, marry and settle down (“begin living”)
Nid
aeth Francis a Rhianon Glyn ar draws gwlad i dreulio eu dyddiau
cyntaf gyda’u gilydd, canys nis gwyddent hwy am un man mor
brydferth a hen blasdy’r Friog, ac yno y dymunent ddechreu byw
o dan y gronglwyd a garent. Plant y
Gorthrwm / 1908 / Gwyneth Vaughan (= Anne Harriet Hughes 1852-1910
t174
Francis and Rhianon Glyn didn’t go away to spend their
first days with each other because they knew of no other place as
pretty as the old mansion of Friog, and there they wished to begin
married life in the house (“under the roof”) they loved
18
byw yn ddigon hen i weld (rhywbeth)
live to see (something), live long enough to see
(something)
Yr
oedd Lewis Lewis yn byw yn y ffermdy yn ymyl y capel presennol, ond
nis gwyddom iddo fyw yn ddigon hen i’w weled
Lewis
Lewis lived in the farmhouse next to the present chapel but we don’t
know if he lived long enough to see it
:_______________________________ .
..2
byw <BIU>
[bɪʊ]
(adjective)
1
alive, living
2
yn fyw o nadroedd snake
infested, seething with snakes (“alive of / with snakes”)
3
bod byw byth live
forever
Bydd ei enw fyw byth
his name will live for ever
4
codi o farw’n fyw come
back from the dead (“rise from dead alive”)
5
live = not yet slaughtered or not to be
slaughtered for their meat
da byw
livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, horses,
poultry, etc)
Comisiwn Cig a Da Byw
Meat and Livestock Commission
6
bod yn dyst byw o (rywbeth) be
a first-hand witness of (something) (which happened a long time ago)
7
used as a noun = (the) living people
y
byw a’r meirw the quick and the
dead
:_______________________________ .
bywiog
<BIU-yog>
[ˡbɪʊjɔg]
(adjective)
1
lively
:_______________________________
.
byw na
marw ‹biu
na MAA-ru›
[ˡbɪʊ
na ˡmɑˑrʊ]
(North
Wales)
1
no stopping
Doedd
dim byw na marw There was no stopping
him, He would take no refusal (“There was no living or dying)
Doedd dim byw na marw na châi
fynd He was impatient to go (“There
was no living or dying that he wouldn’t get to go)
ETYMOLOGY:
“(no) living or dying” (byw
= living) + (na
= nor) + (marw
= dying)
:_______________________________
.
bywoliaeth
<biu-OL-yaith,
-yeth>
[bɪʊˡɔljaɪθ,
-jɛθ]
(feminine noun)
1
living, livelihood
2
ennill eich bywoliaeth earn
one's living
:_______________________________ .
bywyd
<BƏ-uid>
[ˡbəʊɪd]
masculine noun
PLURAL
bywydau
<bə-UI-dai,
-de> [bəˡʊɪdaɪ,
-ɛ]
1
life = condition which distinguishes animals and
plants from inorganic objects (growth through metabolism,
reproduction, adaptation to environment)
gwyddorau
bywyd life sciences
2
(Christianity) eternal life, everlasting life, the
afterlife
Gair
y Bywyd The Word of Life, the
Christian message which describes correct behaviour and belief for
achieving life in heaven after death
The expression occurs
twice in the Bible
Epistol Cyntaf Cyffredinol Ioan yr Apostol 1:1
Yr hyn oedd o’r dechreuad, yr hyn
aglywsom, yr hyn awelsom â’n llygaid, yr hyn a edrychasom
arno, ac a deimlodd ein dwylo am Air
y bywyd
John-1 1:1 That which
was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with
our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, of
the Word of life;
Philipiaid 2:16 Yn
cynnal gair
y bywyd; er gorfoledd i mi yn
nydd Crist, na redais yn ofer, ac na chymerais boen yn
ofer
Philippians 2:16 Holding forth
the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I
have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain.
Siop
Gair y Bywyd name of a Christian
bookshop yn Rhydaman
SN6212 (county of Caerfyrddin)
Pren
y Bywyd The Tree of Life, one of
two special trees in the Garden of Eden (the other was the Tree of
Knowledge of Good and Evil). Eating the fruit of the The Tree of Life
would make man immortal, and the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of
Good and Evil would make man know the existence of these two
concepts. Adam and Eve are instructed by God not to eat the fruit of
either tree, but they disobey the order and eat the forbidden fruit
of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. God expels them from
Paradise in case they are tempted again and transgress by eating the
fruit of the tree of Life.
Genesis 2:9 9 A
gwnaeth yr Arglwydd Dduw i bob pren dymunol i'r golwg, a daionus yn
fwyd, ac i bren
y bywyd yng nghanol yr ardd,
ac i bren gwybodaeth da a drwg, dyfu allan o’r ddaear.
Genesis
2:9 And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that
is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in
the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and
evil.
Genesis 3:22 Hefyd yr
Arglwydd Dduw a ddywedodd, Wele y dyn sydd megis un ohonom ni, i
wybod da a drwg. Ac weithian, rhag iddo estyn ei law, a chymryd hefyd
o bren y bywyd, a bwyta, a byw yn dragwyddol: (23)
Am hynny yr Arglwydd Dduw a'i hanfonodd
ef allan o ardd Eden, i lafurio'r ddaear, yr hon y cymerasid ef
ohoni. (24) Felly
efe a yrrodd allan y dyn, ac a osododd, o’r tu dwyrain i ardd
Eden, y ceriwbiaid, a chleddyf tanllyd ysgydwedig, i gadw ffordd pren
y bywyd
Genesis 3:22 And the
Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good
and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the
tree of life, and eat, and live for ever:(23) Therefore the Lord God
sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from
whence he was taken. (24) So he drove out the man; and he placed at
the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which
turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.
y
bywyd sydd i ddod the life to come, the
afterlife
y bywyd arall
the afterlife (“the other life”)
y
bywyd tu hwnt i’r llen the
afterlife (“the life beyond the veil / curtain”)
bywyd
tragwyddol eternal life
3
life = person (in stating the number of dead in an
accident, war, etc by referring to 'lives lost', 'saved')
achub
bywyd / achub
bywydau life saving
Achub
Bywyd Beistonna Surf Life
Saving
Collwyd bywydau lawer
Many lives were lost
Mae
’na fwy nag un ffordd o achub bywyd There’s
more than one way of saving a life
5
life = living things
bywyd
gwyllt wildlife
bywyd
llysieuol plant life
6
life = length of the existence of a life form
ar
hyd ei fywyd all his life
Daeth
trobwynt mawr yn ei fywyd A major
turning point came in his life
mae
bywyd y claf yn treio the patients life
is ebbing away
rhod bywyd
life cycle
Trueni
oedd ei golli mor gynnar yn ei fywyd It
was a pity to lose him so early in his life
yn
ei fywyd in his life
yn
ystod ei fywyd during his life
7
life = existence, circumstances in which one lives
am fywyd! what
a life!
byw bywyd braf
lead a happy life
byw
bywyd i'r eithaf live life to the full
byw’ch bywyd eich hun
live your own life
bywyd
ar ôl ysgol life after school,
after leaving school
Bywyd Ben i
Waered - Cipolwg ar fywydau rhai o'r Cymry sydd
wedi ymfudo i Awstralia
Life Down
Under (“head to bottom”, upside down) (= title
of a TV progamme) – a look at the
lives of Welsh people who have emigrated to Australia
cael
bywyd go ddiflas have a fairly
unpleasant life
Dyma’r
bywyd This is the life!
Dymunaf
bob llwydd a bendith i chwi yn eich bywyd a'ch cartref newydd
I wish you every success and blessing in your new
life and home
Dyna beth yw bywyd
braf! What a splendid life
gwella
bywyd i'r henoed improve life for old
people
gwneud bywyd yn rhwyddach
make life easier
gwneud
eich bywyd yn boen o'r mwyaf make your
life a total pain
Mae bywyd yn
hyfryd yn y fro ma Life is pleasant in
the area
mewn bywyd sifil
in civilian life
Nid
wy’n gofyn bywyd moethus, Aur y byd na'i berlau mân
I
don’t ask for a luxurious life, gold of the world and its small
pearls (hymn – Calon Lân / “A Pure Heart”)
Roedd
y tri oedd yn cyfrif yn ei bywyd – ei dau fab a’i gwr -
wedi
eu
cipio oddi arni o fewn ychydig fisoedd
The
three people who counted in her life – her two sons and her
husband – were taken from her in the space of a few
months
Tydi bywyd yn gymhleth,
'dwch Isn’t life complicate, eh?
(North)
8
life = time of existence until now; from birth
until the present
ar hyd fy mywyd
all my life
9
life = existence contrasted with death
am
eich bywyd = for dear life, as if one's
life depended on it, trying to save one’s life (also am
eich einioes, am
ei hoedl)
mater
o fywyd a marwolaeth a matter of life
and death
perygl bywyd
danger to life, danger of death
10
life = remaining time of existence; time from now
until death
Byddai’n berygl
bywyd iddi wneud hynny She’d be
putting her in danger / at risk by doing that
aberthu
eich bywyd er mwyn... (rhywbeth) sacrifice
your life for (something)
am
weddill eich oes for the rest of your
life
ar boen eich bywyd
putting your life at risk life in danger / at risk
by doing that
colli’ch
bywyd lose one’s life
digon
am eich bywyd putting your life at
risk
Fe fyddai’n ddigon am
eich bywyd grosi’r afon fel y mae hi heddiw
You’d
be risking your life to cross the river as it is today / the way it
is today
Gad fy mywyd imi
Spare my life
rhoi’ch
bywyd dros rywun sacrifice your life
for somebody
yswiriant bywyd
life assurance / insurance
11
life – graphic representation of the visual
world
bywyd llonydd still
life
tebyg i fywyd true
to life
12
life = activity followed with enthusiasm, activity
to which one devotes all one's effort and time,
activity which
gives purpose to one's existence
Darllen
oedd ei fywyd, ar hèth a hindda, a thrwy sbectol
un lens...
Reading was his life,
winter and summer, and through a monocle
13
life = specified part of one's existence
bywyd
rhywiol sex life
bywyd
teuluol family life
14
life = biography
Bywyd
Blodwen Jones the life of Blodwen Jones
Bywyd y Bugail the
shepherd’s life
15
liveliness, animation, energy, vibrancy
Bachgen
llawn bywyd oedd Siôn Siôn
was a boy full of life
Roedd yna
gryn dipyn mwy o fywyd yn y
rhaglenni newydd yn y gyfres
There
was a lot more life in the new programmes in the series
16
bywyd newydd new
life, reinvigoration
Bywyd newydd i'r
hen iaith a new life for the native
language
dechrau bywyd newydd
start a new life
17
life = social activity
bywyd
nos night life
bywyd
cymdeithasol social life
18
life = way of life, characteristic manner in which
a people go about their activities
Mi
'roedd bywyd yr ysgol yn sobor o ddof a diniwad o'i gymharu â
bywyd yr hogia' ar y ffermydd o gwmpas. Hwnnw oedd y bywyd i mi
(t11 'R wy'n
Cofio / Yr Hen Was / 1963)
School life was extremely tame and
innocent compared to the life of the ads on the farms around. That
was the life for me.
Nod yr
amgueddfa werin yw cyflwyno bywyd a diwylliant gwerin Cymru dros y
canrifoedd
The aim of the folk
museum is to present the life and culture of the commonfolk of Wales
over the centuries
19
way of life = culture and traditions of a
people
Ni fu Seisnigaeth erioed yn
fwy peryglus i brydferthwch a gwerth
y bywyd Cymreig nag ydyw heddiw.
(Gwr y Dolau neu Ffordd y Troseddwr / W
Llewelyn
Williams 1899 t3)
Englishness was never more of a danger to the
splendour and value of Welsh life than it is today
20
form of existence, routine, customs, of a people
in a certain environment
bywyd
academaidd academic life, the life of a
university student or teacher
21
deddf parhâd bywyd law
of self-preservation (“law (of) continuance (of) life”)
22
llyfr y bywyd the
book of life, a list of all those chosen for Heaven
Philipiaid 4:3
Ac yr ydwyf yn dymuno arnat tithau, fy
ngwir gymar, cymorth y gwragedd hynny y rhai yn yr efengyl a
gydlafuriasant à mi, ynghyd â Chlement hefyd, a'm
cyd-weithwyr eraill, y rhai y mae eu henwau yn llyfr y
bywyd.
Philippians 4:3 And I entreat
thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me
in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers,
whose names are in the book of life.
23
perygl bywyd danger
to life and limb a menace, source of danger (“danger (of)
life”)
Mae dilyn llwybr
cyhoeddus yn un rhan o Gymru yn beryg bywyd
ar
ôl i ffordd osgoi newydd gael ei hagor. Mae pedwar
llwybr
cyhoeddus
yn croesi ffordd osgoi newydd Y Felinheli yng Ngwynedd
Following
a public footpath in one part of Wales is a danger to life and limb
after a new bypass was opened . Four public footpaths cross the new
the bypass in Felinheli in Gwynedd (Cymro 08 Mehefin 1994)
23
tebyg i fywyd go iawn true
to life, life-like (“similar to real life”)
24
rhoi’ch bywyd ar antur put
your life at risk
25
ar draul ei fywyd at
the cost of his life
ar gost ei fywyd
at the cost of his life
26
byw bywyd dwbl live
a double life
byw dau fywyd
live a double life (“live two lives”)
27
colli’ch bywyd lose
your life
28
gwneud eich bywyd yn uffern i chi
make your life hell (“make your life a hell
to you”)
30
marw yn gynnar ar ei fywyd die
young, die early in life
ETYMOLOGY:
Welsh < British *biwot-
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