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0857 Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia / Wales-Catalonia Website. The Welsh
Settlement in Minnesota. The lands occupied by the Welsh settlers had latterly
been occupied by the Dakhota ("Sioux") and Ho-Chuñk
("Winnebago") Nations. The Welsh settlers willingly took part in the
persecution of the native peoples. Extracts relating to the dealings of the
Welsh with Native Americans from the 1895 "History of the Welsh in
Minnesota, Foreston and Lime Springs, Ia. Gathered by the Old Settlers. Edited
by Revs. Thos. E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and
Thomas Hughes"
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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia HANES Y CYMRY YM MINNESOTA THE RÔLE OF THE WELSH IN THE CONFLICT WITH THE DAKHOTA
(SIOUX) AND HO-CHUÑK (WINNEBAGO) NATIONS 22 09
2001, 2012-09-01 adolygiad diweddaraf - latest update. 0855 kimkat0855e List of the contents
of 'The History of the Welsh in Minnesota...' |
·····
The lands occupied by the Welsh settlers were of
course part of the territories of the Native American peoples. When the Welsh
and other settlers arrived, the Lakhota ("Sioux") and
Ho-Chuñk ("Winnebago") peoples were living in what became
Blue Earth county. The Welsh people had themselves known oppression at first
hand in Wales (no liberty to organise as a national entity, English government
policy to eradicate the Welsh language, obligation to support financially the
Church of England, though most worshippers were members of non-conformist
organisations). However, the Welsh settlers had little sympathy for or
understanding of the native people whose land they took over. Here are some
extracts from the book which refer to the Welsh and the Lakhota and Ho-Chunk.
("History of the Welsh in Minnesota,
Foreston and Lime Springs, Ia. Gathered by the Old Settlers. Edited by Revs.
Thos. E. Hughes and David Edwards, and Messrs. Hugh G. Roberts and Thomas Hughes"
1895)
These are copies of entries from the biographies
section, with references to Native Americans in bold type
Davis, John P. ·· - Born in
July, 1838, on the Atlantic Ocean, when his parents, David P. and Jane Davis,
were emigrating from Cardiganshire, Wales, to Jackson County, O. Received a
good common school education, and removed with his parents to Blue Earth
County, Minn., 1856, with the Jackson colony, and located in the present town
of Cambria. In 1862 joined the state militia to protect the frontier against the
Sioux, and in December, 1863 enlisted in Company E, Second Minnesota Cavalry,
wherein he served until the close of the war 1865. In 1866 he married
Catherine, daughter of David and Margaret Lloyd, of Sharon, LeSueur County, and
operated his farm in Cambria until 1873
Jones, David ·· - Born at
Nant Glÿnn {Nantglÿn} Denbighshire,
Wales, March 1824. When he was five years old his parents moved to Cyfylliog {Cyffylliog}, in the same shire. In May, 1850,
he came to Milwaukee, and stayed during the summer in Waukesha Co. He then went
to Galena, Ill., and thence to New Orleans. There he found employment during
the winter on a Mississipi steamboat. In the spring of 1851 he went to St.
Louis and thence in June again to Galena. There he met one John L. Jones, who
induced him to seek his fortune with him in St. Paul, Minn., where they arrived
in August 1851. During the summer of 1852 he made three trips up the Minnesota from St. Paul
to Ft. Ridgely {sic}, the last time going twelve
miles beyond Ft. Ridgeley {sic} to a place
called Red Rock to carry goods to the Yankton Sioux. It was here Mr. Jones
witnessed the largest Indian encampment he ever saw. In May, 1853, he
went with John C. Evans and John Roberts on a journey from St. Paul up the
valley of the Minnesota to the Blue Earth and thence back through the Big Woods
to view the land. In 1856 Mr. Jones located on his present claim in the town of
Sharon, Le Sueur
Jones, Evan ·· - Born at
Tanrallt {Tan-rallt}, four miles east
of Bangor, Carnarvonshire, Wales, August 17, 1827. Son of John and Elizabeth
Jones (Indiana). Emigrated with his parents to Philadelphia in July, 1836, and
removed to Cincinnati, O., in November. Thence in the spring of 1837 they moved
to Madison, Ind., where his father helped build the first railway west of
Madison. In 1840 the family moved twenty-seven miles north into, what was then,
a forest wilderness, and purchased 240 acres of government land. In 1848 Evan
left home, going first to Paddy's Run, O., and thence to Cincinnati, where he
worked seven years in a rolling mill. In 1855 he attended the Baptist
University, at Granville, O., for a few months when he visited eastern Kansas
and formed the acquantance of "Old John Brown of Osawatomie". Not
liking it there he returned home and in May 1856, removed with hi parents to
Cottonwood, Brown conty, Minn., where about June 1, they located on a farm in
Section 24. During the Sioux outbreak of 1862 Evan went to the defense of New Ulm
and participated in the battle there. On September 10, of that year his father
was killed by the savages in their raid on Butternut Valley, and Evan was
chased by them into the sloughs and was out hiding for eleven days without
food, except for a few ears of corn and some onions and watermelons he found in
the fields at night, and ate raw. In June, 1866, he married Rachel, daughter of
Thos. J. Jones, late of Cambria, Minn. In 1878 he sold his Brown county farm
and removed to the vicinity of Lake Benton, Lincoln county, and thence after
eighteen months he went to Murray county, where he purchased his present farm
of 252 acres on the banks of Bear Lake, in Lowville township. He has held a
number of town offices and has been postmaster at Lowville for many years.
Mr.and Mrs. Jones have been blessed with eight children: Elizabeth, Ellen,
Mary, Hattie, Alice, Herbert, Dinah and Katie.
[*] Lewis,
Griffith J. ·· - Born March, 1837, at
Llanwrin, Montgomeryshire, Wales, and in 1854 emigrated to the United States.
After a few months stay at Ixonia, Wis., he moved to South Bend, Minn., in June
1855. November 1, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Fifth Iowa Cavalry, and took
part in the battles of Ft. Donaldson, Savanah, Pittsburgh, Corinth, etc. January 1, 1864,
he re-enlisted in Company B, of Bracketts Battalion, and took part in the
Indian campaigns of 1864-5, under Gen. Sully. January 9, 1873, he
married Miss Jane Robberts {sic}. In 1892 they retired from their farm in
Judson to Mankato. They are very highly esteemed by a large acquaintance.
Pugh, Hon. T.M. ·· - Born at
Pantron {Pant-ronn / Pant-yr-onn}, Cwmllyne {Cwmlline}, Cemmes {Cemais},
Montgomeryshire, Wales, September 10, 1831. Landed in America July, 1851, went
directly to Watertown, Wis., then left for Dodgeville and engaged in mining. On
the 23d day of May, 1855, he arrived at South Bend, Minn., accompanied by
Thomas Phillips, and, immediately taking up a claim in the same township, began
farming, raising the first crop of wheat in the county. In 1857, the
year of the Spirit Lake massacre, helped to subdue the Indians. In 1860,
accompanied by Hon. D. C. Evans, went to Pikes Peak, Col., suffering great
hardships. In 1862 he went to Camp Release and brought to Mankato ten Indians who
were afterward hung among the thirty-eight executed. In 1863
was appointed Provost Marshall, holding that office until the rebellion was
over. January 30, 1868, married Miss Ellen, daughter of Rober R. and Winnifred
Williams. In 1874 he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at the U.S. Land
Office at Fargo, Dakota Ter., remaining in office nine years. In 1884 he was
engaged in the banking business at Ellendale, Dak. In 1885 was elected
represenatative to the Dakota Legislature. Owns a large and valuable farm in
South Bend. He has retired from active work for some years and now he and his
amiable wife are living in Duluth with their two sons: Edward H. and John T.
Pugh, grain inspectors. Mr. Pugh is the soul of good nature and has always been
active in politics.
Pritchard, Owen ·· - Born at
Brÿn Gwran {Brÿngwran}, Anglesea, Wales, January 28, 1832. His parents were
Owen and Ellen Pritchard. He emigrated to the United States in 1854, first
making his home in Madison county, New York, then moving to Waukesha, Wis.
August, 1855, he married Mrs. Elizabeth Rowlands, and six children were born
{to} them, only one of whom survives, Mr. Arthur Pritchard, who is a merchant
at Lake Crystal, Minn. There are, also, two sons of Mrs. Pritchard by her
former husband in successful business at Lake Crystal, namely John Edwin and
Chas. Henry Rowlands. In 1864 Mr. Pritchard moved with his family to Cambria,
Minn., where he resided on a farm for four years. He then removed to the Salem
neighbourhood, Butternut Valley, where he purchased half a section of land. In 1873 he
enlisted in the U.S. Civil Engineer Corps and helped build the Sisseton and
Wahpeton Agency buildings near Ft. Wadsworth, S. Dak. In 1878
he moved to Lake Crystal, Minn., and was appointed postmaster there in 1885,
but resigned the following year. Besides farming Mr. Pritchard has been engaged
in bricklaying and contracting. He is active in all political, social and
religious movements and a faithful member of the Welsh church.
Shields, John ·· - Born at
Llantrisant, Glanmorganshire, Wales, October 31, 1817. Worked in the coal mines
of Tredegar {Tredegar / Tredegÿr}, Dowlais
and other places. Early in 1841 at Victoria, Monmouthshire, he married Miss
Jane, daughter of Wm. and Jane Tanley, who had been born July 28, 1816, at
Ceryg, Cadarn {sic: = Crucadarn},
Breconshire. Soon after their marriage they emigrated to America and settled at
Pottsville, Pa., for three years, thence went to Cumberland, Md., for two
years, thence to Mt. Savage, Md., for some time, where Mr. Shields united with
the Congregational church. They next moved to Clarkville, Pa., and from there
in 1849 to Pomeroy, O. Leaving his family there, in 1852 Mr. Shields went to
seek his fortune in the gold fields of California. Thre he met with an accident
by a rock falling on his head, which affected him through life and in his
latter years brought on a softening of the brain from which he died. Returning
from California he removed with his family in May, 1856, to Cambria, Minn.,
where he located on his farm. At Sioux massacre of 1862 he was one of the New Ulm
defenders. Morning of the main battle he, with a dozen others, were detailed to
guard the Red Stone ferry. The Indians attacked them in overwhelming numbers
and Mr. Shields barely escaped - one bullet passing through his hat. A few years
after the death, October 27, 1877, of his beloved wife, he went to live with
his daughter, Mrs. Richard Roberts at Courtland, Minn., where he died October
29, 1891. Mr. Shields was a worthy member of Horeb C. M. church from its
organization until his death. He was an honest, industrious, frugal man. He was
of a social dispostion and fond of wit and humor.
Wigley, Joshua ·· - Born
February 1, 1835, near Llanbrynmair {Llan-brÿn-mair},
Montgomeryshire, Wales. Emigrated to Racine, Wisc., in 1855, where he remained
two years. He then moved to Minnesota and soon located on his present farm in
Judson, Blue Earth county. July 20, 1862, married Miss Carolin, daughter of Wm.
J. and Hannah Roberts of Judson. Was one of the New Ulm defenders during the Sioux
massacre of 1862, being a member of Capt. Bierbauer's company. In 1863
he enlisted in Company E, Second Minnesota Cavalry Volunteers and served two
years, until close of war under Gen. Sibley. In July, 1887, he was appointed to
a position in the state weighing department at Minneapolis, which he held for a
number of years. In 1893 he retired from his farm to Lake Crystal, Minn. Is a
member of the G.A.R. {Grand Army of the Republic}
post at that place.
Williams, John T. ·· - Born at
Bryn Mawr, Monmouth Rassa, Breconshire, Wales {sic},
May 12 1828. {Brÿn-mawr
(SO 1911) is a town in the present-day county of Blaenau Gwent, but formerly in
Sir Fynwÿ (Monmouthshire); Rasa is a neighbouring village in Blaenau Gwent, but
at one time in the county of Sir Frycheiniog (Breconshire)}. His parents died when he was 5 years old, and
since he was 8 years of age he has earned his own living, working first in the
coal mines of Beauford {sic; confusion with the
place so-called in Minnesota; should be, in Welsh - Biwffort or Cendl; in
English - Beaufort}, Pen-y-cae {today
called Glÿnebwÿ; in English - Ebbw Vale} and Tredegar {Tredegÿr}. In the spring of 1848 he emigrated
to Beaver Meadow, Caron county, Pa., and worked in the coal mines for two
summers. Attended school at Gibson, Pa., in the winter of 1848-9 and at Wyoming
Seminary from 1849 to '53. Came to St. Paul in the summer of 1854, and after
returning to Pennsylvania for the winter, came to South Bend in 1856, where he
opened a real estate office. Was elected Clerk of the District Court in 1857
and County Treasurer in 1861. In 1863 he was appointed, by Hon. Wm. Windom,
Secretary of the House Committee on Indian Affairs, at Washington, which
position he held until 1870. Was Sergeant at Arms of the State Senate in
1870 and '71. Was elected delegate to the Republican National Convention in
1872, and was appointed Special Agent at the Post Office Department the same
year, which position he held until July, 1878, when he was appointed counsel to
St. Hellens {St. Helens}, England. In 1880 he was chosen one of the
presidential electors from Minnesota. He is able and active and has been the
most successful politician in Blue Earth county. He married Mary C. Wickersham
in 1863 and has five children. He owns a comfortable home and a large business
block at Mankato.
Williams, Thos D.
·· - Son of David J. Williams, born in Pike Township, Bradford county, Pa.,
February 13, 1836. On the first of June, 1855, he came to Minnesota, and
located on a claim a little west of the old township of Eureka. During the
Sioux war of 1862 he, with eighteen of his neighbors, went to the defence of
New Ulm, and was present when the Indians made their first attack on the town. He
also served with a company of minute men in pursuit of the Indians, when they
made a raid on the Swan Lake settlers September 3, 1862. On March
18, 1869, he married Mrs. Sarah Thomas. In 1870 he removed to a farm in Judson,
and thence in 1888 to Lake Crystal, Minn., where he now resides in comfortable
circumstances. Scrupulously honest and upright, he is indeed a Welshman in whom
there is no guile. He is a worthy deacon of the Baptist Church at Lake Crystal.
_______________________________________________________________________
See also:
(1) The Sioux Massacre
kimkat0859e, 0859,
(2) soldiers of the American Civil War
kimkat0854e, 0854
(3)
Geirfa Lakota (Dakota)-Cymraeg-Saesneg / Lakota (Dakota)-Welsh-English
vocabulary
kimkat1053ke, 1053ke
e.g. Pezhúta Zi
Meddyginiaeth Felÿn (enw pentre)
Yellow Medicine (village name)
_______________________________________________________________________
LINKS TO OTHER WEBSITES:
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SEE AN ONLINE NEWSPAPER, HEAR THE RADIO AND SEE THE TV - ALL IN THE WELSH
LANGUAGE ON THE BBC (BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION) WEBSITE .
CLICK HERE! (0861)
LAKOTA-DAKOTA-NAKOTA
(1) http://www.lakotaoyate.com/welcome.html Lakota Oyate
"To defend and preserve Lakota culture from exploitation." The living conditions
of the Lakhota people at the present time
·····
(2) http://www.enter.net/~drutzler/intro.htm Welcome to
Spirit's Place
"So yeah, I am Native American. Lakota actually. I do "Indian
stuff", but I am a human being first and foremost. I created this set of
pages for many reasons. First, to help keep Native information easily available
for all... The Lakota Language Page will be updated monthly with a new subject.
This month's lesson: "Animals". Check it out for basic grammar and
phonetics. There is no charge for these lessons, no club to join or anything
else to "buy". This is for you, the curious, the seeking and the
informed"
·····
(3) http://207.254.63.58/language1.htm Introduction to
Lakota
·····
(4) Hau! Tima hiyu wo! 'Greetings! Come inside!' Hokahe, hel
iyotaka. 'Welcome' to the Lodge of šung'manitu-Išna, ' Lone Wolf '. The
intent of these pages is to honor a proud and noble people, the Oglala Lakota,
of Pine Ridge, South Dakota. http://207.254.63.58/i-welcome.htm#sitemap
·····
(5) Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe's Homepage http://swcc.cc.sd.us/homepage.htm
·····
(6) Sota Iya Ye Yapi - http://www.earthskyweb.com/news.htm - bringing news of
the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe / Dakota Nation and Lake Traverse Reservation
to the World Wide Web. Weekly, with updates when appropriate during the week.
·····
(7) KILI Radio, the Voice of the Lakota Nation. http://www.lakotamall.com/kili/schedule.htm
KILI
Radio (pronounced "KEE-lee") is the largest
Indian-owned and operated public radio station in America. We
broadcast in English and Lakota 22 hours each day to homes on three
reservations in the Black Hills. Our listeners are spread out over 10,000
square miles, an area larger than the state of Delaware. KILI means
"cool" or "awesome" in the Lakota language. KILI Radio is
cool, but it's much more than that. It's a vital force of preservation for
Lakota people and our culture.
·····
(8) Lakota newspaper. EYAPAHA - allies of the Lakota. http://www.lakotamall.com/allies/Eyapaha/99F/
·····
(9) Links to Lakota-Dakota-Nakota (Sioux) Indians
Sites http://members.tripod.com/~PHILKON/links12lakota.html
·····
(10) http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/dakota/Dakota_excerpts.html
In Their Own Words: Excerpts from Speeches & Letters Concerning the Dakota Conflict
SPEECH OF HDAINYANKA IN FAVOR OF CONTINUING WAR
LETTER FROM GENERAL POPE DECLARING HIS GOAL OF EXTERMINATING SIOUX
LETTER FROM BISHOP WHIPPLE CONCERNING DEGREES OF GUILT
ADDRESS TO CONDEMNED PRISONERS BEFORE THEIR EXECUTIONS
STATEMENT OF TAZOO AT THE TIME OF HIS EXECUTION
LETTER OF HDAINYANKA WRITTEN SHORTLY BEFORE HIS EXECUTION
LETTER FROM REV. THOMAS WILLIAMSON TO REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY
LETTER FROM REV. STEPHEN RIGGS
LETTER FROM COL. HENRY SIBLEY TO HIS WIFE
GEORGE CROOK'S (WAKANAJAJA'S) ACCOUNT OF JOURNEY TO PRISON CAMP
CALL OF JACOB NIX, COMMANDANT OF NEW ULM, FOR DAKOTA BLOOD
·····
The above is a section form
(11) The
Dakota Indian Conflict http://www.ic.mankato.mn.us/reg9/nul/tour/dakota.html
·····
(12) http://www.nara.gov/exhall/originals/sioux.html "The
Black Hills of
Dakota are sacred to the Sioux Indians. In the 1868 treaty, signed at Fort
Laramie and other military posts in Sioux country, the United States recognized
the Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation, set aside for exclusive
use by the Sioux people. However, after the discovery of gold there in 1874,
the United States confiscated the land in 1877. To this day, ownership of the
Black Hills remains the subject of a legal dispute between the U.S. government
and the Sioux..."
·····
·····
HO-CHUÑK
(9) The Ho-Chunk ('Winnebago') Nation http://www.ho-chunk.com/index.htm
·····
(10) (Ho-Chunk History - http://www.ho-chunk.com/culture_history_page.htm For
example, 1856 Winnebago mission founded at Blue Earth and is
attended by diocesan priest residing at Saints Peter & Paul Church in
Mankato).
·····
(11) Ho-Chunk newspaper http://www.ho-chunk.com/dept_newspaper_page.htm
·····
(16) Indian
Circle Web Ring, maintained by the Seminole Tribe of Florida. List of
websites of federally acknowledged tribes in the contiguous 48 states and in
Alaska. http://www.indiancircle.com/links.shtml
·····
·····
INDIAN COUNTRY
(1) http://indiancountry.com Indian Country -
America's Leading Indian News Source. Weekly online edtion
·····
(2) http://airos.org/grid.html Programme
Schedule for AIROS (American Indian Radio On Satellite)
"The AIROS network is a national distribution system for Native
programming to Tribal communities and to general audiences through Native
American and other public radio stations as well as the Internet. Alter*Native
Voices / California Indian Radio Project / Different Drums / Earthsongs /
National Native News / Native America Calling / Native Sounds-Native Voices
National / New Letters on Air / Voices from the Circle / Wellness Edition
·····
(3) Minnesota Indian Affairs Council http://www.indians.state.mn.us/stats.htm
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