0476e Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia - Extracts from a lecture given by Morus
Glaslÿn in 1892 on Welsh surnames, with an English translation. Daeth cyfenwau
Normanaidd gyntaf i Gymru gyda Robert Fitzhamon a'i ddeuddeg marchog, y rhai y
cawn eu bod wedi ymsefydlu ym Mro Morgannwg, adeg marwolaeth William yr Ail, yn
y flwÿddÿn 1100...
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Translation of
an article in the Welsh-language magazine 'Y Geninen' from a century ago (so
far only a couple of extracts)
The Welsh text
is followed by an English translation
Observations on
the Welsh text:
1 Some spellings are no longer in use - after each example of archaic
spelling we have placed the modern form in square brackets
2 The letter 'y' is ambiguous. In some cases, it is to be pronounced as a
schwa - that is, the vowel in the first syllable of English 'about', 'connect',
etc. In others it is pronounced as an 'i' (as in English 'bit', mint', etc).
(This is in South Wales; in the North it is an 'i' sound unlike the English
sound and the South Wales pronunciation). For ease of reading the Welsh version
we have used 'ÿ' where the letter 'y' is to be pronounced like an 'i'. This is
not in the original text; nor is it used in modern Welsh.
3 Now and then there are commentaries also in square brackets in the text,
or footnotes in square berackets, if what is said in the article needs to be
explained further.
Darnau o'r
erthÿgl CYFENWAU CYMREIG gan T.E Morris (Morus Glaslÿn)
Extracts from the article
WELSH SURNAMES by T.E Morris (Morus Glaslÿn)
[bardic
name, Morus from Glaslÿn [a farm name = the blue lake]
(Papyr [papur]
a ddarlledwÿd gerbron Cymdeithas Lenyddol y Tabernacl, King's Cross, Llundain,
Mawrth 5ed, 1892)
(Paper read before the
Tabernacle (Chapel) Literary Society, King's Cross, London, March 5th,
1892)
The article has the
following five sections. At present we have only a couple of short extracts
from sections 1 and 4
1 HANES
CYFENWAU CYMREIG / = The History of Welsh Surnames
2 CYFENWAU
CYMREIG YNG NGHYMRU / = Welsh Surnames in
3 CYFENWAU
CYMREIG YNG LLOEGR / = Welsh Surnames in
4 CYFENWAU
NORMANAIDD, &C., CYMRU / = Norman Surnames, etc:
5 CYFENWAU
BEIBLAIDD CYMRU / = Biblical Surnames in
1 HANES
CYFENWAU CYMREIG / The History of Welsh Surnames
Gofyna [gofynna]
un o gymeriadau Shakespeare, "Beth sÿdd mewn enw?" ac er fod llawer o
drafod ac ysgrifenu [ysgrifennu] wedi bod ar y pwnc er ei amser ef,
credwn nad ydÿm hÿd yn hÿn wedi deall pwÿsigrwÿdd a phrioldeb enwau pan eu
cysylltir â phersonau. Gallwn ddweÿd [ddweud] am Gyfenwau Cymreig, hynÿ [hynnÿ]
ÿw, am enwau teuluoedd Cymru, eu bod yn hynod o ddyddorol [ddiddorol]:
ac er mai ychydig mewn cydmariaeth [cymhariaeth] i rif y boblogaeth ÿw
rhif ein cyfenwau, eto, y mae iddÿnt hanes a ddylasai fod yn adnabyddus i'r
sawl sÿdd yn eu gwisgo: ac yn sicr i chwi, y mae eu hanes yn llawn mor
ddyddorol [ddiddorol] ac addysgiadol a'r [â'r] eiddo cyfenwau
unrhÿw wlad....
TRANSLATION: One of
Shakespeare's characters asks: "What's in a name?", and although
there has been a lot of discussion and a lot has been written about the matter
since his time, I don not believe that as yet we have understood the importance
and the apropriateness of names when they are applied to people. We could say
about Welsh surnames, that is to say, the family names of Wales, that they are
remarakably interesting, and though they are but few in relation to the amount
of population, they have a history that should be known to those who carry
them. And I can assure you their history is just as interesting and instructive
as the surnames of any country...
_____________________________________
Yr ydÿch yn gwÿbod am yr hanesÿn hwnw [hwnnw] am
rÿw
TRANSLATION: You know of
the story of an Englishman who was travelling on horseback on a dark night over
one of the Welsh mountains. After travelling for a while he heard the voice of
someone yelling as loud as he could for help, and it seemed to him that the
voice was coming from the bottom of a pit at the side of the road. He went
there shouting something in English; he was answered in a heavy Welsh accent,
'Help, master, help!' 'Help! What, who are you?' asks the traveller.
"Jenkin-ap-Griffith-ap-Robin-ap-William-ap-Rhÿs-ap-Evan," came the
answer. [Siencÿn ap Gruffudd ap Rhobÿn ap Wiliam ap Rhÿs ab Ifan -
Siencÿn/Jenkin son of Gruffudd/Griffith son of Rhobÿn/Robin son of
Wiliam/William son of Rhÿs son of Ifan/Evan]. The Englishman said
(translating his words into Welsh), as he spurred on his horse at the same
time, 'You lazy oafs, why on earth are half a dozen of you lying around in the
pit! You daft idiots, why don't you help one another up?'
4 CYFENWAU NORMANAIDD,
&C., CYMRU / Norman Surnames, etc: Wales
Daeth cyfenwau
Normanaidd gyntaf i Gymru gyda Robert Fitzhamon a'i ddeuddeg marchog, y rhai y
cawn eu bod wedi ymsefydlu ym Mro Morganwg [Morgannwg], adeg marwolaeth
William yr Ail, yn y flwÿddÿn 1100...
TRANSLATION: Norman
surnames first came to Wales with Robert Fitzhamon and his twelve knights who
we find settled in the Lowlands of Morgannwg ('Vale of Glamorgan') at the time
of the death of William the Second, in the year 1100
Yr ydÿm yn
credu mai aralleiriad ydÿw yr hen ffurf Gymreig Hu am yr enw cynarach [cynharach]
Normanaidd Hugh, a geir yn y "Domesday Book" fel Hugo. Nid oes nemawr
sail, os oes dim, dros y dywediad a geir yn y llÿfr, a elwir "The Norman
Pope" (1874), mai enw Cymraeg neu Geltaidd ydÿw Hugh... Ni cheir yr enw o
gwbl yn y Mabinogion; a Normaniaid oedd yr holl bersonau o'r enw yna a
grebwÿllir ym Mrut y Tywysogion. Darllenwn yn y Brut am farwolaeth "hu
vras, Iarll kaer llion," yn 1100; a chyfeirir yn y llÿfr at 'Hu dy la
Sai', 'Hu dy Roc, a 'Hu dy Sai'. Cawn hefÿd y ffurf ddiweddar o Hugh, er
engraifft [enghraifft]
'Huw de
Andelei'...
Ymdengÿs fod
Huw Huws, neu y Bardd Coch o Fon [Fôn], yr hwn a fu fÿw y ganrif
ddiweddaf [ddiwethaf], yn sillebu ei enw fel hÿn.
TRANSLATION: We believe
that the old Welsh form Hu is a variant of the earlier Norman name Hugh, which
is found in the Domesday Book as Hugh [a book with the results of a survey
of land carried out in 1086 by the commissioners of the Norman king William 1,
twenty years after the Conquest of England]. There's little basis, if any
at all, for the assertion in the book titled 'The Norman Pope' (1874) that Hugh
is a Welsh or a Celtic name. The name is not to be found at all in the
Mabinogion [collection of Welsh magic and supernatural tales based on old
Celtic legends and mythologies]; and all the people who had the name who
are mentioned in Brut y Tywysogion were Normans. ['The Chronicle of the
Princes', a Welsh-language translation of a Latin text on six hundred years of
Welsh history from the death of Cadwaladr Fendigaid in 682 to the death of
Llywelÿn ap Gruffudd in 1282]. In the Chronicle we read of the death of
"hu vras, Iarll kaer llion" = Hu Vras, Earl of Caerllion, in 1100;
and there are references to 'Hu dy la Sai', 'Hu dy Roc, and 'Hu dy Sai'. We
also find the late form Hugh, for example 'Huw de Andelei'. It seems that Huw
Huws, or Bardd Coch o Fôn ['The red-haired poet of Môn', the poet's bardic
name], who lived in the last century, spelt his name like this [H-U-W
instead of H-U-G-H]]
Bu ychydig ysgrifenu [ysgrifennu] ar y cyfenw yma yn y Notes and Queries,
flynyddau yn ôl: a dywedai Mr Gildersome-Dickenson (7fed gyfres, cyf. xi, tud.
334) fod Hughes yn gyfenw beth bynnag mor foreu [fore] â 1450-1; a
thystiolaetha Mr. Higgins, o Maidenhead, fod y dull Cymreig o gyfenwi y mab yn
ol [ôl] enw y tad mewn bri yn Swÿdd Amwÿthig yn foreu [fore]
iawn; oherwÿdd gelwir mab un Hugh Higgons yn John Hughes yn y Visitation of
Salop a ysgrifenwÿd yn 1623. Dywed un ysgrifenÿdd [ysgrifennÿdd]
"na ddefnyddid Hughes fel cyfenw yn [yng] Nghymru cÿn 1550; a phur
anaml y deuir ar draws yr enw bedÿdd Hugh cÿn yr adeg yma. Y prÿd hÿn cawn
saith o deuluoedd o'r enw Hughes yn codi, un o dylwÿth Caradog Freichfras, dau
o dylwÿth Elystan, un o dylwÿth Cowrÿd ap Cadfan, un o dylwÿth Owain Brogyntÿn,
a dau o dylwÿth Tudor Trefor. Bu farw Hugh ap William, sylfaenÿdd teulu yr
Hughesiaid o Gwerclas, yn 1600. Yr oedd Rhÿs Hughes - yr Hughes cyntaf o Faes y
Pandÿ [Faesypandÿ], yn uchel sirÿdd yn y flwÿddÿn 1582:" Nid oes un
amheuaeth nad oedd Hugh yn enw bedÿdd cyffredin yn ein gwlad yn yr unfed ganrif
ar bymtheg; ac yn ol [ôl] pob tebÿg yr oedd yr enw yn un adnabyddus yn [yng]
Nghymru yn ystod y tair neu y pedair canrif cÿn hynÿ [hynnÿ]. Yr oedd
Hugh Lupus, yr hwn a grewÿd yn Iarll Caer, yn 1070, yn enw adnabyddus yn [yng]
Ngwÿnedd; a bu iarll arall ar ei ol [ôl], sef Hugh Cyfeiliog (1153-1180)
o'r un enw....
TRANSLATION: There was a
little bit written in [the magazine] Notes and Queries many years ago;
and Mr Gildersome-Dickenson (7th series, vol. xi, p. 334) that Hughes
was a surname in any case that went back as early as 1450-1; and Mr. Higgins,
of Maidenhead, reports that the Welsh practice of naming the son after the
father was in use in Shropshire [an English county bordering mid-Wales,
parts of which had a Welsh-speaking population in medieval times] very
early on; because one the son of Hugh Higgons was called John Hughes in the
Visitation of Salop written in 1623. One writer states that 'Hughes was not
used as a surname in Wales before 1550; and one very rarely comes across the
first name Hugh before this period. At this time we find the emergence of seven
families with the surname Hughes, one from the family of Caradog Freichfras [Caradog
Big Arm], two from the family of Elystan, one from the family of Cowrÿd ap Cadfan,
one from the family of Owain Brogyntÿn, and two from the family of Tudor
Trefor. Hugh ap William, the founder of the Hughes family of Gwerclas, died in
1600. Rhÿs Hughes - the first Hughes from Maesypandÿ, was High Sheriff in the
year 1582:" There's no doubt that Hugh was a common first name in our land
in the sixteenth century; and very likely the name was known in Wales in the
three or four centuries before this. Hugh Lupus, who was made Earl of Chester
in 1070, was a name known in Gwÿnedd [a kingdom in the north-west of Wales ;
and an later earl had the same name - Hugh Cyfeiliog (1153-1180), Huw from the
district of Cyfeiliog]...
·····
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