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1273e “An Elementary Welsh Grammar” by John Morris-Jones (1864-1929),
professor of Welsh at Coleg y Brifysgol (University College), Bangor. Published
in 1921 (when he was aged 56 / 57). “This grammar deals
with Modern Literary Welsh only. It follows the lines of my Welsh Grammar
Historical and Compararive, 1913, so far as that treats of the modern language;
but the matter has been largely re-written, and is in some respects more
detailed.”
Pa This is ‘what’ or ‘which’. It causes soft mutation of a following
consonant
Recap
of the soft mutation:
Nine consonants are affected.
The upper row shows the radical consonant; the lower
row the soft-mutated consonants.
That is, “c” becomes “g”, and “p” becomes “b”, and
so on
|
c [k] |
p |
t |
|
g |
b |
d |
|
m |
ll |
rh [hr] |
|
g |
b |
d |
|
- |
f [v] |
dd [dh] |
|
f [v] |
l |
r |
un = one
pa un = which one?
prÿd = time
pa brÿd? = what time?
peth = thing
pa beth? = what thing? which thing?
tÿ = house
pa dÿ? = what house? which house?
In South Wales, pwÿ (strictly speaking, this means “who”)
is used; also in the shortened fom pw
merch = girl
pwÿ ferch? pw ferch? = which girl?
Some of the above
are used as common interrogatives. Colloquially they are usually shortened.
Pa beth? loses the pa but retains the
soft mutation: Beth?
Pa beth ÿw eich enw? What’s your name? (literary Welsh)
Beth ÿw’ch enw chi? What’s your name? (spoken Welsh)
Pa un is coalesced into P’un?, also
spelt Pun?
Pa un ÿw’r gorau? Which one is best? Which is the best one?
(literary Welsh)
Pun ÿw’r gore? Which one is best? Which is the best one? (spoken
Welsh)
rhÿw un a certain one
pa rÿw un? is also used to mean “which one”, and in
colloquial Welsh coalesces into prun?, also
spelt pr’un?
rhai = some
Pa rai? = which ones?
math = type
pa fath? = what sort of, what kind of, what type of? Like beth, the pa is dropped
but the mutation remains.
Adolygiadau
diweddaraf / Latest update: 20 01 2000
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