0835e Gwefan Cymru-
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1273e “An Elementary Welsh Grammar” by John
Morris-Jones (1864-1929), professor of Welsh at Coleg y Brifysgol (
The
preposition wrth = to; by; near
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1 - literary |
2 - southern colloquial |
3 - loss of 'r' |
4 - loss of first syllable |
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wrth ÿf |
wrtho i |
wtho i |
tho i |
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wrth ÿm |
wrthon ni |
wtho ni |
tho ni |
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wrth ÿt |
wrthot ti |
wtho ti |
tho ti |
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wrth ÿch |
wrthoch chi |
wtho chi |
tho chi |
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wrthi |
wrthi hi |
wthi (h)i |
thi (h)i |
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wrtho |
wrtho fe |
wtho fe |
tho fe |
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wrth ÿnt |
wrthÿn nhw |
wthi nw |
thi nw |
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1
(LITERARY WELSH)
The
preposition conjugates like gan (gennÿf etc). Note that the
pronoun can be added for emphasis
···
2 (COLLOQUIAL
WELSH - CAREFUL SPEECH)
In
these southern spoken forms, -o- has extended to the first and second persons
···
3
(COLLOQUIAL WELSH - FAST SPEECH)
The
first change is the loss of -r- before -th: In dialect writing, ÿ is written i
in these reduced forms (though both letters represent the same sound - [i])
···
4
(COLLOQUIAL WELSH - FAST SPEECH)
There
is further possible reduction, with the loss of the stressed penult w-
Note
that in south-east
Note
that the third person singular forms can appear without the pronoun in
colloquial Welsh
wrthi-hi
/ wthi-hi / thi-hi > wrthi / wthi / thi
wrtho-fe
/ wtho-fe / tho-fe > wrtho /wtho / tho
Use
of the preposition wrth
(1)
after verbs of speaking
|
literary |
southern colloquial |
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|
dweud wrth |
gweud wrth |
say to |
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adrodd wrth |
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relate to (= tell, explain) |
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cyfaddef wrth |
cyfadde
wrth (south-east
- cyfadda) |
confess
to (= admit something to someone) |
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(2)
after verbs of connecting
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hoelio wrth |
hoelo wrth |
nail to |
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cylymu wrth |
clymu / clwmu wrth |
tie to |
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glynu wrth |
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stick to |
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sticio wrth |
stico wrth |
stick to |
(3)
after adjectives denoting dispostion, character
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caredig wrth |
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kind to |
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da wrth |
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good to |
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hael wrth |
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generous to |
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creulon wrth |
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cruel to |
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jelws wrth |
jealous of |
(4)
necessity
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bod rhaid wrth |
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be needed |
(5)
according to
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mesur wrth |
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judge (someone) according to |
Examples
of (south-eastern) colloquial Welsh
1
w i'n mynd i weud stori wtho chi
I'm going to tell you a story
2 wth gwrs
of course
3 gweud pethach yn blaem wthi nw
say things straight out to them
4 ma gyta fi betha pwysig i weud wthi
I've got some important things to tell you
5 lle bach iddi hi a fe wth u hunen
a little place / farm for her and him by themselves
6 nid wth u seiz w i'n mesur y r(h)eini
I don't judge them by their size
7 canu wtho i munan
sing to myself
8 ma nw'n gweud wrtho i fod dynon mawr y wlad...
they tell me that the leading people in the country...
9 dyma fi wedi gweud dicon o weddl wtho-chi (wthoch chi)
I've chatted enough to you
10 dynon wth y milodd yn cal u bwtshera
men being butchered in their thousands
11 ma nw'n gweud wrtho i
they tell me
12 ma fa'n citsho yn i destÿn fel dÿn ac yn dala wrtho fel gela
he gets into his subject like a man and hangs on to it like a leech
13 y mod i'n jelws wtho-chi
that I'm jealous of you
···
Wrth is also a conjunction (reduced colloquial form - wth) = when
(doing something)
1 wth weud stori ma r(h)aid dechra'n deidi a chwpla'n deidi (h)efyd
when telling a story it's necessary to begin in a tidy way and end in a tidy
way too
···
Wrth
is also used in the compound oddi wrth = from. The form is the
same as wrth, except in the rapid colloquial form, where the syllable ddi
is replaced by r (oddi wrth > o rwth)
o rwtho i
o rwtho ni
···
o rwtho ti
o rwtho ti
···
o rwtho fe
o rwthi hi
o
rwthi nw
···
Examples
of (south eastern) colloquial Welsh
1 cymrÿd lesn o rwtho
take a lesson from someone
2 cal u shar o goin o bob un o rwth (o'r wth) y gwitha
each get their share of money from the factories
3 ala XMAS CARD o rwtho (orwtho)
send a Chistmas card from him
4 ta o rwth (orwth) enw'r Forwyn Fair odd yr enw wedi tarddu
that the name came from the Virgin Mary
5 llythyron o rwth bob short o garitors
letters from all sorts of characters
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