0913e Welsh grammar - reflexive pronouns (fi fy hun = I myself), extended pronouns (a minnau - and I myself). The extended forms in -au are pnounced generally with -e in colloquial Welsh (and -a in the north-west and the south-east)

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Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia La Web de Gal·les i Catalunya Wales-Catalonia Website Reflexive pronouns and extended pronouns

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1273e “An Elementary Welsh Grammar” by John Morris-Jones (1864-1929), professor of Welsh at Coleg y Brifysgol (University College), Bangor. Published in 1921 (when he was aged 56 / 57). “This grammar deals with Modern Literary Welsh only. It follows the lines of my Welsh Grammar Historical and Compararive, 1913, so far as that treats of the modern language; but the matter has been largely re-written, and is in some respects more detailed.”

Reflexive Pronouns (myself, ourselves, etc)
These are formed by adding a form of the word 'un' [IIN] = one.
(1) hun [HIIN] = self (because it is stressed, an 'h' has developed in initial position)
(2) hunan [HII-nan] = self (especially in South Wales). Yhis i
(3) hunain [HII-nen] = self (plural form)

STRUCTURE 1	MEANING	MEANING
fy hun / fy hunan	myself	my own
ein hunain	ourselves	our own
dy hun / dy hunan	yourself	your own
eich hun eich hunain	yourself yourselves	your own
ei hun / ei hunan	herself, himself, itself	her own, his own, its own
eu hunain	themselves	their own

·····

fy hunan is usually colloquially 'yn hunan in the South, and 'ym hunan > 'm 'unan > munan in the South-east

STRUCTURE 2	MEANING
mi fy hun fi fy hun / fi fy hunan	I myself
ni ein hunain	we ourselves
ti dy hun / ti dy hunan chdi dy hun / chdi dy hunan	you yourself (North Wales) you yourself
chi eich hun chi eich hunain	you yourselves
hi ei hun / hi ei hunan fe ei hun / fe ei hunan fo ei hun	she herself he himself (North Wales) he himself
nhw eu hunain	they themselves

(y) fi fy hun a ddywedodd hynnÿ wrthi - I myself said that to her

John 'i hunan 'wedodd wrthi
John himself told her
t81 Eluned Caer Madog / Hazel Charles EVANS / 1976 / Gwasg Gomer, Llandysul

Rhaid i ni holi'n hunen dro ar ôl dro
We have to ask ourselves constantly
t85 Eluned Caer Madog / Hazel Charles EVANS / 1976 / Gwasg Gomer, Llandysul
structure: (possessive determiner + noun + reflexive pronoun)

o'm rhan fy hun - for my part "form my part (of) myself"
ar ei phen ei hunan - by herself "on her head (of) herself"

With a verbnoun the possessive determiner should precede the verb
ei ladd ei hun - kill himself
ei grogi ei hun - hang himself
ei feio ei hun - blame himself

In imperatives there is no possessive determiner
rho dy hun yn fy lle i - put yourself in my place (not *dy ro dy hun)

Colloquially, often omitted
Mae e'n beio ei hun - he's blaming himself (= mae e'n ei feio ei hun)

Structure 2 is used after conjugated prepositions
gofalu amdano fe ei hun - look after himself

After conjugated prepositions, structure 1 is used rather than structure 2 if not emphatic
gofalu amdano'i hun - look after himself
dweud wrthi ei hun - say to herself
meddwl gormod ohono'i hun - think too much of himself
meddwl drosto'i hun - think for himself
pawb drosto'i hun - every man for himself

Extended Pronouns (I too; I for my part, etc)

STRUCTURE	COLLOQUIAL FORM	MEANING
minnau / finnau (innau)	minne / finne (inne)	I too
ninnau	ninne	we too
tithau (dithau)	tithe dithe	you too
chithau	chithe	you too
hithau yntau	hithe ynte	she too, it too he too, it too
nhwthau	nhwthe	they too

·····

Note: The strictly literary forms of chithau and nhwthau are chwithau, hwÿthau
In North-west Wales tithau > chditha
In North-west Wales and South-east Wales final -au becomes -a rather than -e (ninna, etc)

fy nghath i = my cat
fy nghath innau = my cat (in contrast)
Felly ninnau - we do too, so do we

Often in the sense of 'considering that'
a minnau - considering that I was
a ninnau - considering that we were
a thithau - considering that you were
a chithau - considering that you were
a hithau - considering that she / it was
ac yntau- considering that he / it was
a nhwthau - considering that they were

Mae'n gallu 'neud yn iawn... a hithe 'di bod yn y coleg a phopeth
She can do it (really) well... considering she's been to college and all
t80 Eluned Caer Madog / Hazel Charles EVANS / 1976 / Gwasg Gomer, Llandysul

a minnau - and I was the one who
a ninnau - and we were the ones who
a thithau - and you were the ones who
a chithau - and you were the ones who
a hithau - and she / it was the one who
ac yntau- and he / it was the one who
a nhwthau - and they were the ones who

Roedd John Nant-y-bwch yn hanner marw a hithau oedd yn gyfrifol
John Nant-y-bwch was half dead and she was the one who was responsible
t80 Eluned Caer Madog / Hazel Charles EVANS / 1976 / Gwasg Gomer, Llandysul

Adolygiad diweddaraf / Darrera actualització 30 05 1999

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