0837e Gwefan Cymru-Catalonia (Wales-Catalonia Website). Welsh Course. The prepositon 'ar' is used in a number of idiomatic phrases - I'm hungry = there is hunger on me (mae eisiau bwÿd arno i), there is desire of food on me (mae chwant bwÿd arno i), I've got a cold = there is a cold on me (mae annwÿd arno i)

 

http://www.theuniversityofjoandeserrallonga.com/kimro/amryw/1_cwrs/cwrs_0017_ENG_arddodiad_ar_0837e.htm

 

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 The preposition AR


(delw 4666)

 

1273eAn Elementary Welsh Grammar” by John Morris-Jones (1864-1929), professor of Welsh at Coleg y Brifysgol (University College), Bangor. Published in 1921 (when he was aged 56 / 57). “This grammar deals with Modern Literary Welsh only. It follows the lines of my Welsh Grammar Historical and Compararive, 1913, so far as that treats of the modern language; but the matter has been largely re-written, and is in some respects more detailed.”   

 

literary form

colloquial (southern)

arnaf

arno i

arnom

arnon ni

 

 

arnat

arnot ti

arnoch

arnoch chi

 

 

arno ef

arno fe

arni hi

arni hi

arnÿnt hwÿ

arnÿn nhw

 

 

 

The colloquial forms can be used

1) with the pronoun tag unstressed

2) with the pronoun tag stressed

3) without the pronoun tag

 

Use of the prreposition AR

1 noun + AR + noun

2 adjective + AR

3 verb + AR

4 AR + non

 

In the two branches of the Celtic languages, the preposition AR or its equivalent is used to express a feeling or an emotional state. 'Hunger' is on a person, 'shame' is also on a person. It is as if an emotion exists outside a person, and comes 'on' an individual

 

These are most often used with the copula BOD = to be

mae ofn arno i = I'm afraid (there-is fear on me)

mae arno i ofn = I'm afraid (there-is on me fear)

 

mae cywilÿdd arno i = I'm ashamed

mae arno i gywilÿdd

 

mae blas rhyfedd arno fe = it tastes odd (there-is a strange taste on it)

mae arno fe flas rhyfedd

 

1 thirst

syched ar = be thirsty ("thirst on")

mae syched arno hi = she's thirsty

 

2 hunger

eisiau bwÿd ar = be hungry ("hunger on")

oes eisiau bwÿd arnot ti? = are you hungry?

(South Wales) chwant bwyd ar = ("desire of-food on")

newÿn ar = be starving ("starvation on")

 

3 shame

cywilÿdd ar = be ashamed

(d)oes dim cywilÿdd arno i = I'm not ashamed

 

4 fear

ofn ar = be afraid ("fear on")

roedd ofn marw arni hi = I was really afraid

braw ar = be afraid ("a scare on")

arswÿd ar = be very afraid ("terror on")

 

5 illness

annwÿd ar = have a cold ("cold on")

mae arno i annwÿd ofnadw heddi I've got a terrible cold today

y ddannoedd ar = have toothache ("the toothache on")

y pas ar = have whooping cough ("the whooping cough of")

peswch ar = have a cough ("cough on")

anhwÿlder ar = be unwell ("indisposition on")

y frech goch = have measles ("the red pox on")

clefÿd ar = have an illness ("illness on")

crygni ar = be hoarse ("hoarseness on")

nychtod ar = (South Wales) be ill ("feebleness on")

 

6 end

dim diwedd ar = no end to ("no end on")

does dim diwedd ar ei pharablu

he never stops talking

"there's no end on his talking"

 

7 lack, failing, deficiency

diffÿg ar = be lacking ("deficiency on")

diffÿg sens ar = have no sense ("lack of sense on")

eisiau ar = need ("wanting on")

 

8 taste

blas ar = taste of ("a taste on")

blas crÿf ar = have a strong taste of ("a strong taste on")

blas drwg ar = taste bad (" a bad taste on")

cael blas ar = taste ("get a taste on")

 

9 blame

y bai ar = be to blame ("the blame on")

 

10 belief

dim coel ar = not to be believed ("no belief on")

 

11 name

enw ar = have the name of ("name on")

enw drwg ar = have a bad reputation ("bad name on")

12 shape, form

ffurf ar = have the shape of ("form on")

llun ar = have the shape of ("form on")

 

l3 demand

galw ar = be a demand for ("calling on")

mÿnd mawr ar = be in great demand ("big going on")

14 aspect, appearance

golwg ar = have the look of..., look like ("aspect / sight on")

 

15 colour

lliw ar = have colour ("colour on")

gwawr ar = have a tinge ("hue / tint / tinge on")

arlliw ar = have a touch of, soupçon of ("trace of")

 

16 success

llwyddiant ar = be successful ("success on")

 

17 debt

dyled ar = have a debt ("debt on")

dyledion ar = have a debts ("debts on")

arian ar = owe money ("money on")

 

18 need, necessity

angen ar = need ("necessity on")

 

19 desire

chwant ar = want ("desire on")

blÿs ar = want very much ("great-desire on")

ysfa ar = itch (to do something on) ("an itch on")

hiraeth ar = to long for ("longing for")

brÿd ar = dedsire to ("desire on")

 

20 wound. incapacity

clwÿf ar = be wounded ("wound on")

cloffni ar = be lame ("lameness on")

 

21 mood, state of mind

pruddglwyf ar = be down in the dumps ("melancholy on")

digalondid ar = be depressed ("deopression on")

gofid ar = be anxious ("anxiety on")

22 laziness

diogi ar = be lazy, feel lazy ("laziness on")

 

23 pressa

brÿs ar = be in a hurry ("hurry on")

hast ar = be in a hurry ("hurry on")

24 difficulty

taro ar = be difficult ("hit on")

25 crisis

argyfwng ar = be in crisis ("crisis on")

 

26 error

gwall ar = be wrong, not be right ("error on")

 

27 madness

coll ar = be daft ("loss [of mental faculties] on")

 

28 care

gofal ar = take care of ("care on")

 

29 value, worth

gwerth ar = be valuable ("worth on")

 

30 obligation

gorfodaeth ar = be compelled ("obligation on")

 

31 defect

atal dweud ar = stutter ("stopping of-saying on")

atal ar = stutter ("stopping on")

nam ar = be defective ("defect on")

beth sÿ'n bod ar = what's wrong with ("what is-it-that-is being on")

dim bÿd yn bod ar = nothin at all wrong with (" nothing [in the] world being on")

anghaffael  ar = not work properly ("malfunction on")

 

32 punishment

cosb ar = be punished ("punishment on")

 

33 smell

arogl ar = smell ("smell on")

sawr ar = smell ("smell on")

persawr ar = smell good, smell of perfume ("sweet-smell / perfume on")

 

34 fun

hwÿl ar = be fun

cael hwÿl ar = have fun (doing something)

cael blas ar = enjoy ("have taste on")

 

35 responsibilty

dyletswÿdd ar = have as a duty

cyfrifoldeb ar = have responsibility

36 confidence

dim dal ar = can't be trusted ("no holding on")

 

37 insult

sarhâd ar = be an insult to ("insult on")

 

38 type

math ar = a kind of ("a kind on")

 

39 fatigue

blinder ar = be tired ("tiredness fatigue on")

 

40 mess, disorder

traed moch ar = be in a mess ("pig's feet on")

annibendod ar = be in a mess ("

 

41 quality

graen ar = be of good quality ("grain on")

dim graen ar = be of poor quality ("no grain on")

42 signs of careful preparation

paratói ar = look as though a lot of work has gone into ("preparing on")

 

 

index

angen

(18)

anghaffael

(31)

anhwÿlder

(5)

annibendod

(40)

annwÿd

(5)

argyfwng

(25)

arian

(17)

arlliw

(15)

arogl

(33)

arswÿd

(4)

atal

(31)

atal dweud

(31)

bai

(9)

beth sÿ'n bod

(31)

blas

(8) (34)

blinder

(39)

blÿs

(19)

bod

(31)

brÿd

(19)

brÿs

(23)

braw

(4)

chwant

(19)

chwant bwyd

(2)

clefyd

(5)

cloffni

(20)

clwyf

(20)

coel

(10)

coll

(27)

cosb

(32)

crygni

(5)

cyfrifoldeb

(35)

cywilÿdd

(3)

dal

(36)

y ddannoedd

(5)

diffyg

(7)

digalondid

(21)

dim bÿd yn bod

(31)

dim dal

(36)

diogi

(22)

diwedd

(6)

dyled

(17)

dyledion

(17)

dyletswÿdd

(35)

eisiau

(7) (18)

eisiau bwÿd

(2)

enw

(11)

ffurf

(12)

frech goch

(5)

galw

(13)

gofal

(28)

gofid

(22)

golwg

(14)

gorfodaeth

(30)

graen

(41)

gwall

(26)

gwawr

(15)

gwerth

(29)

hast

(23)

hiraeth

(19)

hwÿl

(34)

lliw

(15)

llun

(12)

llwÿddiant

(16)

math

(37)

mÿnd

(13)

nam

(31)

newÿn

(2)

nychdod

(5)

ofn

(4)

paratói

(42)

y pas

(5)

persawr

(33)

peswch

(5)

pruddglwÿf

(21)

sarhâd

(37)

sawr

(33)

syched

(1)

taro

(24)

traed moch

(40)

ysfa

(19

·····
 
Adolygiadau diweddaraf: 20 01 2000

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